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Bu araştırmada sağlıklı yaşam ve spor merkezi müşterilerinin hizmete yönelik algıladıkları risk faktörlerinin, algılanan hizmet kalitesi, hizmet değeri ve memnuniyete etkisi incelenmiştir. Araştırmada, nicel paradigma kapsamında karma model (betimsel model ve ilişkisel model) kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklem grubunu Konya il merkezinde dört farklı sağlıklı yaşam ve spor merkezlerinde düzenli olarak spor hizmeti alan ve tesadüfi örneklem yoluyla seçilen 921 üye oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak "Kişisel Bilgi Formu", "Spor Merkezlerinde Algılanan Risk Ölçeği", "Spor Merkezlerinde Algılanan Değer Ölçeği", "Spor-Fitness Merkezleri Algılanan Hizmet Kalitesi Ölçeği" ve son olarak "Memnuniyet Alt Ölçeği" kullanılmıştır. "Spor Merkezlerinde Algılanan Risk Ölçeği" ve "Spor Merkezlerinde Algılanan Değer Ölçeği" araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilmiştir. Verilerin analizinde, spor merkezlerinde algılanan risk, algılanan değer, hizmet kalitesi ve memnuniyet arasındaki ilişkiyi değerlendirmek için korelasyon ve regresyon analizi uygulanmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda, sağlıklı yaşam ve spor merkezinde algılanan riskin algılanan kalite, algılanan değer boyutlarını ve müşteri memnuniyetini olumsuz etkilediği belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları, spor merkezlerinde algılanan riski azaltma açısından hizmet kalitesi, değer ve memnuniyetin önemini vurgulaması açısından önemli görülmektedir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, spor hizmetleri sunan sağlıklı yaşam ve spor merkezleri yöneticilerinin pazarlama ve yönetim stratejileri oluşturmaları açılarından önemli görülmektedir. The effect of the perceived risk factors by customers regarding the service on perceived service quality, service value and satisfaction has been examined in this study. The mixed model (descriptive model and relational model) within the scope of quantitive paradigm has been used in the study. The sample group of the study consists of 921 randomly chosen members receiving regular sports services in four different health and sports centers in the Konya city center. The data collecting tools used in the study were "Personal Data Form", "Perceived Risk Scale in the Sports Centers", " Perceived Value Scale in the Sports Centers", " Perceived Service Quality Scale in the Sports & Fitness Centers" and finally "Satisfaction Subscale". The " Perceived Risk Scale in the Sports Centers " and the " Perceived Value Scale in the Sports Centers" have been developed by the surveyor. In the analysis of the data, correlation and regression analysis was applied to evaluate the relationship between perceived risk, perceived value, quality of service and satisfaction in sports centers. As a result of the research, it was determined that the perceived risk in the wellness and sports center affected the perceived quality, perceived value dimensions and customer satisfaction negatively. The survey results reveal the importance of service quality, value and satisfaction in order to diminish the perceived risk in the sports centers. The obtained results are considered significant for the creation of marketing and management strategies of the businesses offering sports services.

Internet has become an important source of health information that enables people to access a large portion of medical information. Cyberchondria is defined as behavior seeking information about health from the Internet. It can be mentioned as an internet-mediated version of hypochondriasis. It is emphasized that health anxiety is at the forefront in the etiology. Information pollution on the Internet is an important risk factor. There are no diagnostic criteria. It is not included in the DSM classification. Although there are various assessment scales, the most commonly used assessment tool is the Cyberchondria Severty Scale. It is a psychometric scale with 34 questions to measure the level of cyberchondria. Psychoeducation is the main approach in the treatment and no specific pharmacological treatment has been defined., İnternet tıbbi bilgilerin büyük bir kısmına insanların erişimini sağlayan önemli bir sağlık bilgi kaynağı haline gelmiştir. Siberkondria, hipokondriyazın dijital bir versiyonu olan, bir kişinin sağlığına ilişkin kaygı ile beslenen ve bu belirli kaygıyı güçlendiren çevrimiçi sağlıkla ilgili bilgi arayışı olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Son dönemde giderek sıklığı artmaktadır. Etyolojisinde sağlık kaygısının ön planda olduğu vurgulanmaktadır. Çevrimiçi bilgi kirliliği önemli bir risk faktörüdür. Tanı kriterleri henüz oluşturulmamış olup, tek değerlendirme aracı Siberkondri Şiddet Ölçeği’dir. Siberkondria düzeyini ölçmeye yönelik 34 soruluk 2014’te geliştirilmiş psikometrik bir ölçektir. Tedavisinde ise temel yaklaşım psikoeğitim olup belirli bir farmakolojik tedavi tanımlanmamıştır.

Introduction Current evidence suggests that pro-inflammatory cytokines, particularly tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) may play an important role in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD). Our study aims to compare BD patients and controls in terms of serum TNF-α, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 (sTNF-R1, sTNF-R2) levels in different phases of BD. Methods Eighty-three patients with BD type 1 (27 manic, 22 depressive and 34 euthymic) and twenty-nine healthy controls were included in the study. Serum levels of TNF-α, sTNF-R1, sTNF-R2 levels were evaluated with ELISA kit. Results Levels of sTNF-R1 were showed a statistically significant difference between groups. Levels of sTNF-R1 were higher in depression or mania patients than euthymia patients and control subjects. A statistically significant difference in the serum level of sTNF-R1 between patients in acute episode (mania and depression) group and stabile (patients in euthymic episode and controls) group was found in logistic regression analysis. The probability of having acute episode increased threefold for each unit increase in serum level of sTNF-R1. There was no statistically significant difference between the mean serum values of TNF-α and sTNF-R2 between the groups. Conclusions sTNF-R1 production was different between acute episode patients and controls or stable BD patients. The result of this study confirms that TNF-R1 may be a state marker representing disease activity for BD.

Organizational learning ability is defined as a series and a set oforganizational tasks and skills that authorize the organization to use itsknowledge and experience based on the experience and knowledge gained, and touse this information as it grows and when knowledge is needed. The concept oforganizational learning ability aims to find and correct mistakes inenterprises, to execute in-house routines, to fix problems that are found orseen, to create information and idea diversity, to be renewed continuously. Theorganizational learning ability and the sub-dimensions that affect theperformance of the enterprises, which have a big share in profitability,branding and sustainability, have been examined in depth and the literaturethat has been acquired has been investigated by the academicians who researchin this issue and the models they have introduced. In this phase, the relationand the differences with the learning organization which is another conceptwhich is discussed further are discussed. The ability of organizationallearning and organizational learning has emerged as a new concept in ourcountry and the issue has not yet been recognized. In this study; the effect oforganizational learning capacity on task and contextual performance has beenexamined. Within the scope of the survey, the questionnaire was distributed to550 people who work in the hospitals that accept to participate in the surveyamong the private hospitals operating in the Istanbul province of Europe and525 people were returned. The survey results were coded and analyzed with thehelp of SPSS and AMOS programs. As a result; Organizational learning capacity,together with its sub-dimensions, was found to positively affect jobperformance and sub-dimensions., Örgütsel öğrenme yeteneği kavramı, işletmelerin içerisinde hatayı bulmave düzeltme, işletme içi rutinleri yürütme, bulunan veya görülen problemleridüzeltme, bilgi ve fikir çeşitliliği oluşturma, devamlı iyiye doğru yenilenmeyiamaçlamaktadır. İşletmelerin performansına etki eden, dolayısıyla karlılığınınartmasında, markalaşmasında ve sürdürülebilirliğinde büyük pay sahibi olanörgütsel öğrenme yeteneği ve bu kavramı oluşturan alt boyutları derinlemesineincelenmiş olup edinilen literatür taraması ile şimdiye değin bu konudaaraştırma yapan akademisyenler ve meydana getirdikleri modeller incelenmiştir.Bu safhada başkaca ele alınan bir diğer kavram olan öğrenen örgüt ile ilişkisive farkları ele alınmıştır. Örgütsel öğrenme ve örgütsel öğrenme yeteneğiülkemizde yeni bir kavram olarak karşımıza çıkmış olup önemi henüz kavranamamışbir konudur. Bu çalışmada; örgütsel öğrenme yeteneğinin görev ve bağlamsalperformansa etkisi incelenmiştir. Araştırma kapsamında hazırlanan anketİstanbul ili Avrupa Yakasında faaliyet gösteren özel hastaneler içinden,araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden hastanelerde çalışan 550 kişiye anketdağıtılmış olup 525 kişiden geri dönüş sağlanmıştır. Anket sonuçları SPSS veAMOS programları yardımıyla kodlanmış ve analize tabi tutulmuşlardır. Sonuçolarak; örgütsel öğrenme kapasitesi alt boyutları ile birlikte iş performansıve alt boyutlarını pozitif olarak etkilediği görülmüştür.

Difficulties encountered in studying generators of semigroup of binary relations defined by a complete X -semilattice of unions D arise because of the fact that they are not regular as a rule, which makes their investigation problematic. In this work, for special D, it has been seen that the semigroup , which are defined by semilattice D, can be generated by the set .

In order to obtain some results in the theory of semigroups, the concept of regularity, introduced by J. V. Neumann for elements of rings, is useful. In this work, all regular elements of semigroup defined by semilattices of the class ∑1(X,10)-I are studied. When X has finitely many elements, we have given the number of regular elements.

A 51-year-old male presented with dysarthria and weakness on his left side. In his history, he had an operation due to aortic coarctation 13 years ago, and 5 years ago, he had a transient ischemic attack along with difficulty in speaking. During his neurological examination, he was conscious, cooperative, and oriented. Mild dysarthria and left hemiparesis were seen (4/5, 4/5). He smoked at least one cigarette packet per day for 30 years. Vascularization was performed only by narrowed right vertebral artery on cranial and cervical magnetic resonance angiography. He had a mild increase in his left hemiparesis during his stay in the hospital (2/5, 4/5). A stent had been inserted into his right vertebral artery during digital subtraction angiography. In his last neurological examination, he was conscious, cooperative, and oriented. We started prasugrel (10 mg/day) and acetylsalicylic acid (300 mg/day) for his mild dysarthria and mild hemiparesis. In this case, we explain that although there was three-vessel occlusion and narrowing in the right vertebral artery, the patient’s neurologic status was not too bad due to collateral circulation around the cerebral arteries. This showed us the importance of collateral circulation between cerebral arteries.

A 70-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with acute stroke. He had a history of hypertension with trandolapril-verapamil 4/240 mg per day therapy. He had confusion and right-sided hemiplegia. Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging revealed an ischemic lesion on the left middle cerebral artery territory. After receiving intravenous (iv) recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (r-tPA) infusion, he developed tongue swelling. With standard anti anaphylactic medication tongue swelling disappeared. Termination of iv r-tPA may not be required in some tongue swelling cases. Timing of angioedema, circumstances under which iv r-tPA is administered and the severity of relevant respiratory problems may be helpful in the decision of termination or continuation of iv r-tPA administration.

Objective In this study, the aim was to evaluate the lower extremity muscle strength in patients with chronic venous insufficiency using an isokinetic dynamometer. Methods The study comprised a group of 36 lower extremities of 23 patients diagnosed with chronic venous insufficiency and a control group of 40 lower extremities of 20 patients who did not have chronic venous insufficiency. In the diagnosis and evaluation of chronic venous insufficiency, photoplethysmography was used to evaluate the venous return circulation time. Visual Analog Scale scoring was applied to define the level of pain of the patients. Muscle strength measurements were made in all the lower extremities by using an isokinetic dynamometer. Results A statistically significant difference was detected between the groups in terms of the muscle strength parameters in the ankle plantar flexion, and knee flexor and extensor muscles. However, no statistically significant difference was found between the groups in the ankle dorsiflexion muscle strength parameters. A significant difference was determined in the ratio of ankle dorsiflexion/plantar flexion muscle strength between the mild, moderate and severe venous insufficiency groups. A statistically considerable negative correlation was found between the Visual Analog Scale scores and the photoplethysmography results. According to the Visual Analog Scale results, as the degree of venous insufficiency increased, so did the level of pain. Conclusion Impaired lower extremity muscle strength was observed in chronic venous insufficiency patients. Although the current study was consistent with literature in respect of impaired calf muscle strength, this finding was also seen in the thigh muscles. Furthermore, we concluded that if venous insufficiency becomes more severe, impaired calf muscle strength becomes more evident.

In this paper we give a full description of idempotent elements of the semigroup BX (D), which are defined by semilattices of the class ∑1 (X, 10). For the case where X is a finite set we derive formulas by means of which we can calculate the numbers of idempotent elements of the respective semigroup.

Background Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV tPA) was shown to be an effective treatment for acute ischemic stroke (AIS). According to stroke guidelines, there is no need to wait for the complete blood count (CBC) and coagulation test results before application of IV alteplase if there is no suspected coagulation disorder. In this study, a patient with AIS and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) symptoms during thrombolytic treatment was presented. Case A 33-year-old male patient was admitted at the 2.5th hour of AIS symptoms onset with right hemiparesis and sensorimotor aphasia. Cranial computed tomography (CT) and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging did not reveal any abnormality. In his medical history, the patient did not have any contraindication for thrombolytic treatment. To avoid delays to thrombolytic therapy, blood samples were taken, and after that, IV bolus alteplase treatment was applied. During maintenance treatment, agitation and vomiting developed. The result of blood samples showed less than 26,000 mm3 platelet count and maintenance therapy was stopped. In control cranial CT, there was no hemorrhage. In the laboratory examination; anemia, low platelet count; increased indirect bilirubin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were found, and fever was 38.4°C. Schistocytes were observed in peripheral blood smear and the patient was diagnosed as TTP. Conclusions Stroke guidelines recommend not to wait for the results of CBC and coagulation tests before IV tPA treatment in patients who do not have any history of coagulopathy disorder. If possible, before applying IV tPA we may wait for the results of coagulation and CBC tests, keeping in mind the diseaes with high mortality such as TTP.

Objective: The aim of this study is to retrospectively compare the efficacy of long acting naltrexone (XR-NTX) and oral naltrexone (O-NTX) treatment in alcohol use disorder patients. Methods: In the study, retrospective data including sociodemographic characteristics, treatment continuation rates, mean treatment duration (duration of abstinence) and liver function test results were scanned from the medical records and then analyzed in a group of 16 patients and a group of 27 patients who were put on XR-NTX and O-NTX treatments, respectively. Results: 87.5% (14 patients) of the XR-NTX treatment group and 88.9% (24 patients) of the O-NTX treatment group com-prised of male patients. The mean age in the XR-NTX group was 41.31±10.26 years; whereas it was 42.14±9.07 in the O-NTX group. Fourteen patients in the XR-NTX (87.5%) and 15 patients (55.6%) in the O-NTX group returned for control after the first admission. Thus, treatment compliance was significantly higher in the XR-NTX group than in the O-NTX group. Conclusion: An increase in treatment compliance with XR-NTX treatment was observed in the study. This study may suggest that XR-NTX is more efficient than O-NXR in the treatment of alcohol use disorder. Thus XR-NTX treatment may be a good alternative for patients with alcohol use disorder to stay on treat-ment for a longer time.

The White-spectacled Bulbul, Pycnonotus xanthopygos, is an abundant and possibly invasive species in Turkey, where it has gradually expanded its distribution and breeding range in both western and southeastern directions. This study focused on its breeding biology, which is still poorly known. The breeding activity extends from February until September. The preferred nesting areas are mainly gardens and maquis groves, where 24 different nesting tree species have been identified. The clutch size is 3.3 ± 0.8 eggs per pair, nesting success 68%, hatching success 94%, fledgling success 95%, and overall breeding success 89%. While nesting success differs significantly between the years, we found no significant differences in hatching, fledging, and overall breeding success between the years studied. Despite favourable climatic conditions in the Mediterranean region, the species makes only one brood per year in a relatively extended breeding season extending over seven months, and has a relatively a hig...

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to compare the effects of two drugs on motor performance and analgesic efficacy in a rat model. MATERIAL AND METHODS Rats were randomly divided into four groups as follows: propofol (600 μg/kg/min), dexmedetomidine (1 μg/kg/min), morphine (83 μg/kg/min) and control. The rats were placed on a rotating rod and tested at the slowest speed (5 rpm) and then at increasing increments from 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 to 40 rpm. The speed was set up again from 1 to 79 rpm within 4 and 10 min for the accelerod test, respectively. Pain reflexes in response to a thermal stimulus were measured at 0, 10, 20 and 60 min after the drug injection using the hot-plate test. RESULTS Dexmedetomidine injected rats showed an increased length of time compared to the propofol group at 20 rpm, 25 rpm, 35 rpm and 40 rpm speeds during the rotarod test. The latency times for the hot-plate test increased significantly for the propofol, at 0, 10 and 20 min compared to the control. At 10 min the latency times of the propofol group were longer than the dexmedetomidine group. CONCLUSIONS For long-term analgesic benefit propofol treatment seems to be better than the dexmedetomidine group. Dexmedetomidine may be preferable in day-case surgery and sedation applications in intensive care units as it provided a faster onset of recovery of motor coordination performance.

The goal of this study is to evaluate the bird richness along with the bird watching activities in order to put forward the ornitho-tourism potential of Antalya. Bird watching is an in-situ activity to monitor, recognize and protect birds in their natural habitats. Antalya has different types of habitats such as long coastal band, wetland, woodland, mountainous and scrub areas. The province looks like a natural museum and/or laboratory for ornitho-tourism activities. Many protected areas have been declared as National Park and/or Special Protected Area due to the biodiversity and habitat richness of the region. During the surveys conducted in Antalya from 1988 to 2009, a total of 316 bird species was observed. It was seen that the region is important both for overwintering as well as a stopover for resting and feeding during bird migration. The region is also important for breeding of many birds. The bird diversity and protected areas of Antalya region seem to us very important factors which can attract many local and foreign tourists as a whole year activity. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of The 2nd International Geography Symposium-Mediterranean Environment

A new breeding area for Kruper’s Nuthatch (Sitta krueperi Pelzeln, 1863) was discovered in the Ak Mountains of Yozgat province of Inner Anatolia in pure Scots Pine (Pinus silvestris) woodland. The average bird density was 1.23±0.85 individuals/km2. The Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) was applied for altitude and habitat characteristics of Scots Pine within a raster of 500 x 500 m, and, based on this, a model distribution map was prepared using a Geographic Information System (GIS). Using a HIS-based threshold of more than 0.7 and the area of habitat, we calculated the population size of Kruper’s Nuthatch in the Ak Mountains region as 558 individuals.

The heart rates (HRs) indicating the anaerobic threshold, which corresponds to a fixed blood lactate concentration of 4mmol/l (heart rate at the onset of blood lactate accumulation (HR-OBLA)); are predicted on the basis of the heart rate—work rate relationship during exercise performance. The predictor is a multi-layer perceptron (MLP). For training and testing, 225 male soccer players (mean age, 21.6±4.5 years) performed an incremental running test on a treadmill with 3-min runs and 30-s blood sampling sessions for lactate assessment. In addition to the treadmill test data, the ages, masses, heights, body mass indices, and playing positions of half of the subjects ( n=113) were used to train the MLP and the remaining 112 were used for external validation. The results showed that the HR values recorded in the last stages before exhaustion were strong predictors of HR-OBLA ( r=0.875; standard error of estimates, 4.17). Inclusion of other parameters did not improve the prediction rate. Although additional work is needed to generalize the method to training prescription, results suggest that a neural network is a promising non-invasive tool for accurately estimating the HR-OBLA from exercise test data.

The purpose of this study was to test the influence of custom-made mouth guards on strength and anaerobic performance of taekwondo athletes. The study included 21 (11 male and 10 female) trained subjects participating in taekwondo. Anaerobic power and anaerobic capacity, isokinetic quadriceps and hamstring strength, handgrip strength, isometric lower extremity and back strength, 20 m sprint time, squat and counter movement jumping height were measured in two randomized conditions: with or without custom-made (CM) mouth guards. No significant differences were observed between the two conditions (with or without CM mouth guards) in 20 m sprint time, jumping tests, handgrip strength, isometric leg or back strength. On the other hand, peak power and average power in Wingate Anaerobic Test and Hamstring Isokinetic Peak Torque significantly increased as a result of wearing mouth guard (P < 0.05). In conclusion, we can suggest that taekwondo athletes can use CM mouth guards without any negative effects on their strength and anaerobic performance.

Aim: To investigate the influence of practical clinical applications on physical activity levels of physical therapy students and to reveal the relationships between daily physical activity levels and aerobic endurance indices as well as isokinetic strength.Methods: Forty-two subjects were recruited for the study. Total energy expenditure (TEE), resting energy expenditure (REE), active energy expenditure (AEE) and the total number of steps were measured over a 3-d period with using a portable armband. In a second experiment subjects performed a maximal exercise test. Relationships between the energy expenditure levels and the respiratory indices such as peak oxygen uptake and ventilatory threshold and isokinetic strength were examined.Results: No significant differences were found in the energy expenditure measurements, ven-tilatory indices and isokinetic test results between junior and intern student groups. Isokinetic strength was highly correlated both with TEE (r=0,61; 0,64) and REE (r=0,80; 0,79). Correlation bet-ween fat free mass (FFM) and aerobic endurance indices were poor (r=0,43; 0,34), although there was a high level association between isokinetic strength and FFM (r=0,81; 0,81).Conclusion: Patient-side clinical practice does not lead to an improvement in physical activity levels of students. There are significant relationships between daily physical activity, aerobic en-durance indices and lower extremity isokinetic strength.

According to a study performed between 2001 and 2003, the White-spectacled Bulbul is mainly distributed in the coastal Mediterranean region of Turkey and extends from Patara/Gelemis near Kas in the west to Turkoglu in Kahramanmaras province in the east. The vertical distribution extends from sea level to 1260 m in the non-breeding season. In the breeding season, the species has its highest density in the coastal area up to 400 m a.s.l. The highest nesting area was found at Belen in the Amanus Mountains at 740 m. The main areas of occurrence are the Antalya lowlands, the Cukurova and the coastal band of Hatay where dense populations are found. Low densitiy is found in particular in the areas of Ermenek (south-central Anatolia) and Nurdagi (southeastern Anatolia).

Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease of the nicotinic acetylcholin receptors at the postsynaptic membrane of the neuromuscular junction. Myasthenic crisis, defined as respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation is a common life-threatening complication that occur approximately 15% to 20% of patients with MG. Endotracheal intubation and invasive mechanical ventilation have a number of complications and a high mortality. On the other hand, noninvasive mechanical ventilation is being successfully used in many pulmonary and neuromuscular diseases . There are few reports about the use of noninvasive mechanical ventilation in myasthenic crisis. We present a case with myasthenic crisis who was treated with noninvasive mechanical ventilation. (Journal of the Turkish Society Intensive Care 2012; 10: 20-2)

Analysis of nestling food in four species of Parus and one species of Ficedula using the 'Halsringmethode' showed a high quota of adults and caterpillars of the important forest pests: Tortrix viridana, Euproctis chrysorrhoea, Diprion pini, and Lymantria dispar. These four major pest species amounted in the nestling food of Parus major to 50 %, P. coeruleus to 52.6 %, P. ater to 40.9 %, and Ficedula hypoleuca to 30.2 %.

In adults, the main causes of iron poisoning are intake suicide attempts and an overdose of iron during pregnancy. The severity of intoxication depends on the amount of iron. When serum iron level exceeds the iron binding capacity of the body, free radicals occurs, leading to lipid peroxidation and cellular membrane damage. In iron poisoning, especially the liver, heart, kidney, lung, and hematologic systems are affected negatively. Acute iron poisoning can cause serious complications resulting in death. Clinical, laboratory observation and early treatment are important. In this case report, we examined to approach the acute iron poisoning with the occasion of high-dose iron intake for suicide attempt. (Journal of the Turkish Society Intensive Care 2011; 9: 107-9)ntakeforsuicideattempt. (Journal of theTurkishSocietyIntensiveCare 2011; 9: 107-9)

Amac: Pratik uygulamalarin fizik tedavi ve rehabilitasyon bolumu ogrencilerinin gunluk fiziksel aktivite seviyesi uzerine etkisinin incelenmesi ve gunluk fiziksel aktivite duzeyi ile aerobik dayaniklilik gostergeleri ve alt ekstremite izokinetik kuvvetleri arasindaki iliski duzeyinin arastirilmasidir. Gerec ve Yontem: Arastirmaya 42 ogrenci katilmistir. Gunluk fiziksel aktivitenin olculmesinde metabolik holter kullanilmis ve deneklerin 3 gun sureyle toplam enerji tuketimi (TEE), istirahat enerji tuketimi (REE), toplam adim sayisi (STEP), aktif enerji tuketimi hesaplanmistir (AEE). Ayri bir zamanda egzersiz testi yapilmis, gunluk fiziksel aktivite duzeyleri ile zirve oksijen tuketimi, solunumsal esik degerleri arasindaki iliski arastirilmistir. Ayrica izokinetik kuvvet ile fiziksel aktivite duzeyleri arasindaki iliskiler degerlendirilmistir. Bulgular: Ikinci sinif ve dorduncu sinif ogrencileri arasinda enerji tuketim parametreleri (TEE, AEE, REE, STEP) ile egzersiz testleri degerleri (VO2peak, VT) ve izokinetik test degerlerinde (PT Ex, PT Flex) anlamli farklilik saptanmamistir. Tum deneklerin TEE ile izokinetik kuvvet degerleri arasinda yuksek korelasyon (r=0,61; 0,64), REE ile izokinetik kuvvet degerleri arasinda cok yuksek korelasyon (r=0,80; 0,79), yagsiz vucut kitlesi (FFM) ile aerobik dayaniklilik arasinda dusuk korelasyon (r=0,43; 0,34), izokinetik kuvvet degerleri arasinda cok yuksek korelasyon (r=0,81; 0,81) saptanmistir.Sonuc: Hasta basi uygulamalarin, ogrencilerin gunluk fiziksel aktivite seviyelerinde artis olusturmadigi, gunluk fiziksel aktivite duzeyi ile fiziksel uygunluk parametreleri, aerobik dayaniklilik gostergeleri ve alt ekstremite izokinetik kuvvetleri arasinda anlamli iliskiler oldugu gosterilmistir.

Let R be a coordinate ring of an affine irreducible curve represented by \frac{k[x1,x2,...,xs]}{(f)} and m be a maximal ideal of R. In this article, the Betti series of W2(Rm) is studied. We proved that the Betti series of W2(Rm), where W2(Rm) denotes the universal module of second order derivations of Rm, is a rational function under some conditions.Derivations and their universal modules have been studied by many mathematicians. Erdo˘gan [2] has studied when the Betti series of a universal module of second order derivations is a rational function. In this work, theanalogue of this question for the Betti series of Ω2(Rm), where R = k[x1,x2,...,xs] (f) and m is a maximal ideal of R, has been studied. At the end, we give an example to illustrate our result. All rings we will study in this work will be commutative with identity. Now, we recall some important properties.

This research was conducted in two Mediterranean forest study plots (Buk-Lutfi Buyukyildirim BL and Elmali Cedarforest EZ) near Antalya, Turkey, between 2000 and 2002. Adult redstarts fed their nestlings exclusively with insects (79.5%). Three hundred and thirty seven prey items were identified of which 34.4% were Coleoptera, 17.2% Lepidoptera, 11.6% Diplopoda, 9.8% Diptera, 8.0 % Hymenoptera, 5% Heteroptera, 4.7% Arachnida, 2.7% Orthoptera, 1.8% Myriapoda, 1.2% zu Sedantaria, 0.6% each scorpions, Homoptera, and Dermaptera, and 0.3% each Chilopoda, Neuroptera, and earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris). Fourteen different forest pest species were identified of which seven species were Lepidoptera, four Coleoptera, two Hymenoptera and one Orthoptera.

Turkey is defined as "Rich" in terms of living species because of its geographical location, suitable climatic conditions, and its diversity in habitats, wetlands, and land-forms. However, a substantial portion of the country's habitat area and related wildlife components are experiencing significant adverse pressures due to a variety of factors, chief among them: a rapid development period. This study reports on a comprehensive and current assessment of Turkey's extant biological diversity and its manifest threats. The paper includes an investigation into a growing number of emerging threats to the country's biodiversity. Publisher's Version

Çalışmanın amacı, bölgenin avifaunal zenginliğini, üreyen kuş türlerini, kuş türleri ve ekosistemlerini tehdit eden tehlikeleri belirleyerek bilimsel bir bilgi altyapısı kurmak ve bu bilgiler ışığında koruma girişimlerini destekleyerek çalışma alanının yasal koruma statüsü kazanmasını sağlamaktır. Çalışma, Mayıs 2002 ile Aralık 2004 tarihleri arasında Dalaman (Muğla, Türkiye) Sulakalanlarında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veriler, çalışma alanında belirlenen gözlem hatları (transekt) üzerindeki nokta sayımları ile elde edilmiştir. Arazi çalışmaları sonunda bölgede, 56’sı yerli, 78’i yaz ziyaretçisi, 44’ü kış ziyaretçisi, 22’si transit göçer ve statüsü belirlenemeyen 15 olmak üzere toplam 215 kuş türü tespit edilmiştir. EBCC (European Bird Census Council) kriterlerine göre, gözlenen türlerin 24 (% 11)’nün alanda üremesinin yüksek olasılık, 32 (% 15)’nin olası, 66 (% 31)’nın kesin ürediği ve 93 (% 43)’nün ise üremediği tespit edilmiştir. Alanda üreyen (yüksek olası, olası ve kesin üreme) kuşlardan 49 (% 40)’nun, SPEC (Avrupa Ölçeğinde Korunmada Öncelikli Türler) kategorilerinde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Kaçak avcılık, saz kesimi, tarımsal ilaç (pestisit ve insektisit) kullanımı, turistik ve tarımsal aktiviteler, evsel atıklar ile havaalanındaki gürültü, kuş populasyonlarını olumsuz etkileyen başlıca faktörlerdir. Dalaman sulak alan ekosistemi ile çevresindeki sazlık, tarımsal ve ormanlık alanların, birçok kuş türüne barınma olanağı sağladığı bu çalışma ile belirlenmiştir. Çalışma alanının acil olarak yasal koruma altına alınarak insanların alandaki bozucu etkilerinin giderilmesi sağlanmalıdır.

Oxidative stress has been implicated with cardiovascular aging. Most antioxidant intervention studies have involved long-term treatments as a potential means to eliminate age-related oxidative damage in many systems. In the present study, not only light and electron microscopic pictures of the heart and thoracic aorta of young and aged and, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) and melatonin and administered aged Sprague Dawley rats, but also antioxidant system status was evaluated. Significantly elevated levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) were observed in the heart and thoracic aorta of aged rats (P0.05 and P0.001, respectively). Chronic melatonin and CAPE administration significantly reduced the levels of MDA in the heart (P=0.005 and P=0.05, respectively) and thoracic aorta (P0.001 and P0.05, respectively) of aged animals. Additionally, melatonin and CAPE were efficient in stimulating the activities and increasing the levels of the antioxidant enzymes in the heart and aorta. Prominent electron microscopic alterations in cardiac myocytes such as nuclear irregularity, mitochondrial degeneration, myofilament disorganization and disruption, and lipofuscin accumulation were observed in aged rats. The main age-related histologic modifications observed in aorta were irregularity in endothelial cells and their nuclei, divergence of endothelial cells from basement membrane and neighboring cells, and elastic fibril fragmentation and reduction. Melatonin and CAPE obviously reduced these alterations in both heart and aorta of aged rats. Taking the results together, we suggest that supplemental administration of CAPE and melatonin is beneficial in delaying age-related cellular damage in cardiovascular system.

Azerbaycan Güneybatı Asya'nın Kafkasya kesiminde ve Güney Kafkasya olarak ifâde edilen bölgede yer alır. 86.600 km²'lik yüzölçümü ve 8.896.900 nüfusu ile Kafkasya'nın en büyük ülkesidir.Azerbaycan arazisi ?Alp - Himalaya Kıvrım Sistemi? üzerinde yer alan genç oluşumlu ve çeşitlilik arz eden bir yapıya sahiptir. Ülkede yükselti farkı oldukça belirgin olup dünyanın en zengin iklimsel çeşitliliğe sahip ülkelerindendir. Zengin petrol ve doğalgaz yatakları ülkenin ana gelir kaynağını oluşturur.Azerbaycan'ın rölyefi, iklimi, jeolojik yapısı ve tarih boyunca doğanın tahribatı doğal âfetler konusunda yüksek potansiyele sahip olmasını sağlamıştır. Ülkede en sık ve tahripkâr olan doğal âfet, seller ve taşkınlardır. Daha sonra heyelanlar ve depremler gelmekte ve son yıllarda iklimsel değişmeler, kullanılabilecek temiz suyun azalması ve kuraklık tüm dünyada olduğu gibi Azerbaycan'ı da tehdit etmektedir. Azerbaijan is located in the southwest part of Asia, the Caucasus and South Caucasus as a scholar in the area. It is the largest country in the Caucasus with a population of 8.896.900 and 86 600 km² area.Azerbaijan lands is `in the Alpine - Himalayan Fold System` in the formation which was occurred later and its structure has varied. There are substantial elevation differences in the country and Azerbaijan is one of the world's richest countries with climatic diversity. Country's rich oil and natural gas deposits constitute the main income source.Azerbaijan?s relief, climate, geological structure and natural disasters caused to have high potential throughout history about the destruction of the nature. The most frequent and devastating natural disasters are floods and overflowing in the country. Then landslides and earthquakes are coming. In recent years, worldwide climatic changes, depletion of fresh water available and the drought threaten Azerbaijan as does the entire world. 160

ÖZETAzerbaycan Güneybatı Asya’nın Kafkasya kesiminde ve Güney Kafkasya olarak ifâde edilen bölgede yer alır. 86.600 km²’lik yüzölçümü ve 8.896.900 nüfusu ile Kafkasya’nın en büyük ülkesidir. Azerbaycan arazisi “Alp - Himalaya Kıvrım Sistemi” üzerinde yer alan genç oluşumlu ve çeşitlilik arz eden bir yapıya sahiptir. Ülkede yükselti farkı oldukça belirgin olup dünyanın en zengin iklimsel çeşitliliğe sahip ülkelerindendir. Zengin petrol ve doğalgaz yatakları ülkenin ana gelir kaynağını oluşturur.Azerbaycan’ın rölyefi, iklimi, jeolojik yapısı ve tarih boyunca doğanın tahribatı doğal âfetler konusunda yüksek potansiyele sahip olmasını sağlamıştır. Ülkede en sık ve tahripkâr olan doğal âfet, seller ve taşkınlardır. Daha sonra heyelanlar ve depremler gelmekte ve son yıllarda iklimsel değişmeler, kullanılabilecek temiz suyun azalması ve kuraklık tüm dünyada olduğu gibi Azerbaycan’ı da tehdit etmektedir.A n a h t a r K e l i m e l e r Azerbaycan, Azerbaycan Coğrafyası, âfet, doğal âfetler, deprem, sel, feyezan, heyelan, kuraklık, erozyon, çığ, fırtına, sis, yıldırımSUMMARYAzerbaijan is located in the southwest part of Asia, the Caucasus and South Caucasus as a scholar in the area. It is the largest country in the Caucasus with a population of 8.896.900 and 86 600 km² area. Azerbaijan lands is "in the Alpine - Himalayan Fold System" in the formation which was occurred later and its structure has varied. There are substantial elevation differences in the country and Azerbaijan is one of the world's richest countries with climatic diversity. Country's rich oil and natural gas deposits constitute the main income source. Azerbaijan’s relief, climate, geological structure and natural disasters caused to have high potential throughout history about the destruction of the nature. The most frequent and devastating natural disasters are floods and overflowing in the country. Then landslides and earthquakes are coming. In recent years, worldwide climatic changes, depletion of fresh water available and the drought threaten Azerbaijan as does the entire world. K e y w o r d s Azerbaijan, Azerbaijan Geography, disasters, natural disasters, earthquakes, floods, overflowing, landslides, droughts, erosion, avalanches, storms, fog, lightning