Author: "Altmann, E" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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263 results on '"Altmann, E"'

101. Conformational studies on host‐guest peptides containing chiral α‐methyl‐α‐amino acids: Comparison of the helix‐inducing potential of α‐aminoisobutyric acid, (S)‐2‐ethylalanine and (S)‐2‐methylserine

Author: ALTMANN, E, ALTMANN, KH, NEBEL, K, and MUTTER, M

102. Performance of the Pierre Auger Fluorescence Detector and Analysis of well recontructed events

Author: Argiro, S., Clay, W., Ave, M., Letessier, A., Bertou, X., Deligny, O., Lachaud, C., Altmann, E., Alvarez, P., Bauleo, P., Bonifazi, C., Etchegoyen, A., Eusebi, R., Fazzini, N., Ferrero, A., Filevich, A., Reguera, A., Cillis, A., Dova, M. T., Epele, L. N., Grunfeld, C., Mariazzi, A., Martinez, N., Roulet, E., Sciutto, S. J., Veiga, A., Allekotte, I., Avila, G., Masperi, L., Orsaria, M., Rovero, A., Dawson, B. R., Pace, R., Riordan, D., Thornton, G. J., Wild, N. R., Boutonnet, C., Brunet, J. M., Capdevielle, J. N., Cohen, F., Courty, B., Guglielmi, L., Jaeger, J. J., Benoît Revenu, Tristram, G., Waisbard, J., Billoir, P., Boratav, M., Castera, A., Sylvie DAGORET, Genolini, B., Lefebvre, F., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Trung, T. N., Parizot, E., Pouthas, J., Suomijarvi, T., Albert, J. N., Arnault, C., Bilhaut, R., Cordier, A., Cormier, E., Eschstruth, P., Jouniaux, O., Lavigne, B., Oleg Lodygensky, Rypko, J., Martin Urban, Bluemer, H., Bollmann, E., Csabo, T., Grindler, A., Gumbsheimer, R., Heck, D., Hucker, H., Kern, H., Klages, H. O., Kleinfeller, J., Mathes, H. J., Matussek, P., Michel-Piper, I., Risse, M., Schleif, G., Thouw, T., Balzer, M., Berg, R., Bormann, D., Gemmeke, H., Giraud, H., Kleifges, M., Kopmann, A., Kunka, N., Menchikov, A., Osswald, B., Remmel, U., Tscherniakhovski, D., Barenthien, N., Kampert, K. H., Keilhauer, B., Camin, D. V., Guerard, C., Ambrosio, M., Bernardini, C., Facal, P., Filosofi, R., Fois, M., Matthiae, G., Privitera, P., Salina, G., Borreani, G., Cester, R., Menichetti, E., Pastrone, N., Aramo, C., Cangiano, E., Fonte, R., Insolia, A., Raia, G., Gora, D., Homola, P., Kutschera, M., Ostrowski, M., Wilczynska, B., Wilczynski, H., Arcon, I., Filipcic, A., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Clark, P., Bruijn, L., Knapp, J., Lloyd-Evans, J., Patel, M., Tunnicliffe, V., Walker, P., Watson, A., Arisaka, K., Bonushkin, Y., Kubic, J., Slater, W., Tripathi, A., Brack, J., Hofman, G., Ristinen, R., Harton, J., Sites, J., Warner, D., Wilson, R., Cronin, J. W., Gibbs, K., Albrow, M., Andrews, R., Berman, E., Hoffer, D., Glass, H., Hojvat, C., Mantsch, P., Mazur, P., Spinka, H., Voyvodic, L., Matthews, J. M., Mcewen, M., Meyhandan, R., Darling, J., Dorofeev, A., Nemiroff, B., Nitz, D., Rafert, B., Ruotsala, S., Szadkowski, Z., Trombley, M., Dieterle, B., Matthews, J., Riley, S., Roberts, M., Allison, P., Beatty, J., Coutu, S., Duvernois, M., Cassiday, G., Fick, B., Sommers, P., Luis. Anchordoqui, Machacek, M., Paul, T., Swain, J., Taylor, L., Akhperjanian, A., Chilingarian, A., Hovsepian, G., Mnatzakanian, E., Sahakian, V., Ter-Antonian, S., Aguirre, C., Bustos, R., Choque, K., Ticona, A., Ticona, R., Velarde, A., Thieu, D. Q., Darriulat, P., Chung, N., Dzung, N. T., Dinh, P. N., Phuong, P. T., Thuan, V. V., Physique Corpusculaire et Cosmologie - Collège de France (PCC), Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Kajita T. Asaoka Y. Kawachi A. Matsubara M. Sasaki M, PIERRE AUGER, and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics
Abstract: The Pierre Auger Observatory is designed to elucidate the origin and nature of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays using a hybrid detection technique. A first run of data taking with a prototype version of both detectors (the so called Engineering Array) took place in 2001-2002, allowing the Collaboration to evaluate the performance of the two detector systems and to approach an analysis strategy. In this contribution, after a brief description of the system, we will report some results on the behavior of the Fluorescence Detector (FD) Prototype. Performance studies, such as measurements of noise, sensitivity and duty cycle, will be presented. We will illustrate a preliminary analysis of selected air showers. This analysis is performed using exclusively the information from the FD, and includes reconstruction of the shower geometry and of the longitudinal profile, Presented at the 28th International Cosmic Ray Conferences (ICRC 2003), Tsukuba, Japan, 31 Jul - 7 Aug 2003

103. Cosmic rays at the highest energies and the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: Bluemer, J., Altmann, E., Alvarez, P., Bauleo, P., Bonifazi, C., Etchegoyen, A., Eusebi, R., Fazzini, N., Ferrero, A., Filevich, A., Reguera, A., Cillis, A., Dova, M. T., Epele, L. N., Grunfeld, C., Mariazzi, A., Martinez, N., Roulet, E., Sciutto, S. J., Veiga, A., Allekotte, I., Avila, G., Masperi, L., Orsaria, M., Rovero, A., Clay, R. W., Dawson, B. R., Pace, R., Riordan, D., Thornton, G. J., Wild, N. R., Boutonnet, C., J-M, Brunet, J-N, Capdevielle, Cohen, F., Courty, B., Guglielmi, L., J-J, Jaeger, Benoît Revenu, Tristram, G., Waisbard, J., Bertou, X., Billoir, P., Boratav, M., Castera, A., Dagoret-Campagne, S., Deligny, O., Lachaud, C., antoine letessier selvon, Genolini, B., Fabrice Lefebvre, Lhenry-Yvon, I., Trung, T. N., Parizot, E., Pouthas, J., Suomijarvi, T., Albert, J. N., Arnault, C., Bilhaut, R., Cordier, A., Cormier, E., Eschstruth, P., Jouniaux, O., Lavigne, B., Oleg Lodygensky, Rypko, J., Martin Urban, Bluemer, H., Bollmann, E., Csabo, T., Grindler, A., Gumbsheimer, R., Heck, D., Hucker, H., Kern, H., Klages, H. O., Kleinfeller, J., Mathes, H. J., Matussek, P., Michel-Piper, I., Risse, M., Schleif, G., Thouw, T., Balzer, M., Berg, R., Bormann, D., Gemmeke, H., Giraud, H., Kleifges, M., Kopmann, A., Kunka, N., Menchikov, A., Osswald, B., Remmel, U., Tscherniakhovski, D., Barenthien, N., Kampert, K. H., Keilhauer, B., Argiro, S., Camin, D. V., Guerard, C., Ambrosio, M., Bernardini, C., Facal, P., Filosofi, R., Fois, M., Matthiae, G., Privitera, P., Salina, G., Borreani, G., Cester, R., Menichetti, E., Pastrone, N., Aramo, C., Cangiano, E., Fonte, R., Insolia, A., Raia, G., Gora, D., Homola, P., Kutschera, M., Ostrowski, M., Wilczynska, B., Wilczynski, H., Arcon, I., Filipcic, A., Zavrtanik, M., Clark, P., Bruijn, L., Knapp, J., Lloyd-Evans, J., Patel, M., Tunnicliffe, V., Walker, P., Watson, A., Arisaka, K., Bonushkin, Y., Kubic, J., Slater, W., Tripathi, A., Brack, J., Hofman, G., Ristinen, R., Harton, J., Sites, J., Warner, D., Wilson, R. P., Cronin, J. W., Gibbs, K., Albrow, M., Andrews, R., Berman, E., Hoffer, D., Glass, H., Hojvat, C., Mantsch, P., Mazur, P., Spinka, H., Voyvodic, L., Matthews, J. M., Mcewen, M., Meyhandan, R., Darling, J., Dorofeev, A., Nemiroff, B., Nitz, D., Rafert, B., Ruotsala, S., Szadkowski, Z., Trombley, M., Dieterle, B., Matthews, J., Riley, S., Roberts, M., Allison, P., Beatty, J., Coutu, S., Duvernois, M., Cassiday, G., Fick, B., Sommers, P., Anchordoqui, L., Machacek, M., Paul, T., Swain, J., Taylor, L., Akhperjanian, A., Chilingarian, A., Hovsepian, G., Mnatzakanian, E., Sahakian, V., Ter-Antonian, S., Aguirre, C., Bustos, R., Choque, K., Ticona, A., Ticona, R., Velarde, A., Thieu, D. Q., Darriulat, P., Chung, N., Dzung, N. T., Dinh, P. N., Phuong, P. T., Thuan, V. V., Physique Corpusculaire et Cosmologie - Collège de France (PCC), Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PIERRE AUGER, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)
Subjects: [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO]

104. The Hybrid Aperture and Precision of the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: Dawson, B., Sommers, P., Altmann, E., Alvarez, P., Bauleo, P., Bonifazi, C., Etchegoyen, A., Eusebi, R., Fazzini, N., Ferrero, A., Filevich, A., Reguera, A., Cillis, A., Dova, M. T., Epele, L. N., Grunfeld, C., Mariazzi, A., Martinez, N., Roulet, E., Sciutto, S. J., Veiga, A., Allekotte, I., Avila, G., Masperi, L., Orsaria, M., Rovero, A. Clay R. W., Pace, R., Riordan, D., Thornton, G. J., Wild, N. R., Boutonnet, C., Brunet, J. M., Capdevielle, J. N., Cohen, F., Courty, B., Guglielmi, L., Jaeger, J. J., Benoît Revenu, Tristram, G., Waisbard, J., Bertou, X., Billoir, P., Boratav, M., Castera, A., Dagoret-Campagne, S., Deligny, O., Lachaud, C., antoine letessier selvon, Genolini, B., Fabrice Lefebvre, Lhenry-Yvon, I., Trung, T. N., Parizot, E., Pouthas, J., Suomijarvi, T., Albert, J. N., Arnault, C., Bilhaut, R., Cordier, A., Cormier, E., Eschstruth, P., Jouniaux, O., Lavigne, B., Oleg Lodygensky, Rypko, J., Martin Urban, Bluemer, H., Bollmann, E., Csabo, T., Grindler, A., Gumbsheimer, R., Heck, D., Hucker, H., Kern, H., Klages, H. O., Kleinfeller, J., Mathes, H. J., Matussek, P., Michel-Piper, I., Risse, M., Schleif, G., Thouw, T., Balzer, M., Berg, R., Bormann, D., Gemmeke, H., Giraud, H., Kleifges, M., Kopmann, A., Kunka, N., Menchikov, A., Osswald, B., Remmel, U., Tscherniakhovski, D., Barenthien, N., Kampert, K. H., Keilhauer, B., Argiro, S., Camin, D. V., Guerard, C., Ambrosio, M., Bernardini, C., Facal, P., Filosofi, R., Fois, M., Matthiae, G., Privitera, P., Salina, G., Borreani, G., Cester, R., Menichetti, E., Pastrone, N., Aramo, C., Cangiano, E., Fonte, R., Insolia, A., Raia, G., Gora, D., Homola, P., Kutschera, M., Ostrowski, M., Wilczynska, B., Wilczynski, H., Arcon, I., Filipcic, A., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Clark, P., Bruijn, L., Knapp, J., Lloyd-Evans, J., Patel, M., Tunnicliffe, V., Walker, P., Watson, A., Arisaka, K., Bonushkin, Y., Kubic, J., Slater, W., Tripathi, A., Brack, J., Hofman, G., Ristinen, R., Harton, J., Sites, J., Warner, D., Wilson, R. P., Cronin, J. W., Gibbs, K., Albrow, M., Andrews, R., Berman, E., Hoffer, D., Glass, H., Hojvat, C., Mantsch, P., Mazur, P., Spinka, H., Voyvodic, L., Matthews, J. M., Mcewen, M., Meyhandan, R., Darling, J., Dorofeev, A., Nemiroff, B., Nitz, D., Rafert, B., Ruotsala, S., Szadkowski, Z., Trombley, M., Dieterle, B., Matthews, J., Riley, S., Roberts, M., Allison, P., Beatty, J., Coutu, S., Duvernois, M., Cassiday, G., Fick, B., Luis. Anchordoqui, Machacek, M., Paul, T., Swain, J., Taylor, L., Akhperjanian, A., Chilingarian, A., Hovsepian, G., Mnatzakanian, E., Sahakian, V., Ter-Antonian, S. Aguirre C., Bustos, R., Choque, K., Ticona, A., Ticona, R., Velarde, A., Thieu, D. Q., Darriulat, P., Chung, N., Dzung, N. T., Dinh, P. N., Phuong, P. T., Thuan, V. V., Physique Corpusculaire et Cosmologie - Collège de France (PCC), Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Kampert K.H. Heinzelmann G. Spiering C., PIERRE AUGER, and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det]

105. Structural versatility of peptides from C(α,α)-disubstituted glycines: Preferred conformation of the chiral isovaline residue

Author: Nebel, K., Altmann, E., Mutter, M., Bardi, R., Piazzesi, A. M., Marco Crisma, Bonora, G. M., and Toniolo, C.

106. Synthesis of Peptides Containing (S)‐α‐Methylserine

Author: ALTMANN, E, ALTMANN, KH, and MUTTER, M

107. Surface Detector Calibration for the Auger Observatory

Author: Salazar, H., Nellen, L., Villasenor, L., Altmann, E., Alvarez, P., Bauleo, P., Bonifazi, C., Etchegoyen, A., Eusebi, R., Fazzini, N., Ferrero, A., Filevich, A., Reguera, A., Cillis, A., M-T, Dova, Epele, L. N., Grunfeld, C., Mariazzi, A., Martinez, N., Roulet, E., Sciutto, S. J., Veiga, A., Allekotte, I., Avila, G., Masperi, L., Orsaria, M., Rovero, A., Clay, R. W., Dawson, B. R., Pace, R., Riordan, D., Thornton, G. J., Wild, N. R., Boutonnet, C., Brunet, J. M., Capdevielle, J. N., Cohen, F., Courty, B., Guglielmi, L., Jaeger, J. J., Benoît Revenu, Tristram, G., Waisbard, J., Bertou, X., Billoir, P., Boratav, M., Castera, A., Dagoret-Campagne, S., Deligny, O., Lachaud, C., antoine letessier selvon, Genolini, B., Fabrice Lefebvre, Lhenry-Yvon, I., Trung, T. N., Parizot, E., Pouthas, J., Suomijarvi, T., Albert, J. N., Arnault, C., Bilhaut, R., Cordier, A., Cormier, E., Eschstruth, P., Jouniaux, O., Lavigne, B., Oleg Lodygensky, Rypko, J., Martin Urban, Bluemer, H., Bollmann, E., Csabo, T., Grindler, A., Gumbsheimer, R., Heck, D., Hucker, H., Kern, H., Klages, H. O., Kleinfeller, J., Mathes, H. J., Matussek, P., Michel-Piper, I., Risse, M., Schleif, G., Thouw, T., Balzer, M., Berg, R., Bormann, D., Gemmeke, H., Giraud, H., Kleifges, M., Kopmann, A., Kunka, N., Menchikov, A., Osswald, B., Remmel, U., Tscherniakhovski, D., Barenthien, N., Kampert, K. H., Keilhauer, B., Argiro, S., Camin, D. V., Guerard, C., Ambrosio, M., Bernardini, C., Facal, P., Filosofi, R., Fois, M., Matthiae, G., Privitera, P., Salina, G., Borreani, G., Cester, R., Menichetti, E., Pastrone, N., Aramo, C., Cangiano, E., Fonte, R., Insolia, A., Raia, G., Gora, D., Homola, P., Kutschera, M., Ostrowski, M., Wilczynska, B., Wilczynski, H., Arcon, I., Filipcic, A., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Clark, P., Bruijn, L., Knapp, J., Lloyd-Evans, J., Patel, M., Tunnicliffe, V., Walker, P., Watson, A., Arisaka, K., Bonushkin, Y., Kubic, J., Slater, W., Tripathi, A., Brack, J., Hofman, G., Ristinen, R., Harton, J., Sites, J., Warner, D., Wilson, R. P., Cronin, J. W., Gibbs, K., Albrow, M., Andrews, R., Berman, E., Hoffer, D., Glass, H., Hojvat, C., Mantsch, P., Mazur, P., Spinka, H., Voyvodic, L., Matthews, J. M., Mcewen, M., Meyhandan, R., Darling, J., Dorofeev, A., Nemiroff, B., Nitz, D., Rafert, B., Ruotsala, S., Szadkowski, Z., Trombley, M., Dieterle, B., Matthews, J., Riley, S., Roberts, M., Allison, P., Beatty, J., Coutu, S., Duvernois, M., Cassiday, G., Fick, B., Sommers, P., Luis. Anchordoqui, Machacek, M., Paul, T., Swain, J., Taylor, L., Akhperjanian, A., Chilingarian, A., Hovsepian, G., Mnatzakanian, E., Sahakian, V., Ter-Antonian, S., Aguirre, C., Bustos, R., Choque, K., Ticona, A., Ticona, R., Velarde, A., Thieu, D. Q., Darriulat, P., Chung, N., Dzung, N. T., Dinh, P. N., Phuong, P. T., Thuan, V. V., Physique Corpusculaire et Cosmologie - Collège de France (PCC), Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Kampert K.H. Heinzelmann G. Spiering C., PIERRE AUGER, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Lantz, Simone
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det]

108. The Construction of New Proteins .3. Artificial Folding Units by Assembly of Amphiphilic Secondary Structures on a Template

Author: Mutter, M., Altmann, E., Altmann, K. H., Hersperger, R., Koziej, P., Nebel, K., Tuchscherer, G., Vuilleumier, S., Gremlich, H. U., and Muller, K.

109. Processing of the Signals from the Surface Detectors of the Pierre - Auger Observatory

Author: Roberts, M., Ave, M., Letessier, A., Bertou, X., Deligny, O., Lachaud, C., Altmann, E., Alvarez, P., Bauleo, P., Bonifazi, C., Etchegoyen, A., Eusebi, R., Fazzini, N., Ferrero, A., Filevich, A., Reguera, A., Cillis, A., Dova, M. T., Epele, L. N., Grunfeld, C., Mariazzi, A., Martinez, N., Roulet, E., Sciutto, S. J., Veiga, A., Allekotte, I., Avila, G., Masperi, L., Orsaria, M., Rovero, A., Clay, R. W., Dawson, B. R., Pace, R., Riordan, D., Thornton, G. J., Wild, N. R., Boutonnet, C., Brunet, J. M., Capdevielle, J. N., Cohen, F., Courty, B., Guglielmi, L., Jaeger, J. J., Benoît Revenu, Tristram, G., Waisbard, J., Billoir, P., Boratav, M., Castera, A., Sylvie DAGORET, Genolini, B., Lefebvre, F., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Trung, T. N., Parizot, E., Pouthas, J., Suomijarvi, T., Albert, J. N., Arnault, C., Bilhaut, R., Cordier, A., Cormier, E., Eschstruth, P., Jouniaux, O., Lavigne, B., Oleg Lodygensky, Rypko, J., Martin Urban, Bluemer, H., Bollmann, E., Csabo, T., Grindler, A., Gumbsheimer, R., Heck, D., Hucker, H., Kern, H., Klages, H. O., Kleinfeller, J., Mathes, H. J., Matussek, P., Michel-Piper, I., Risse, M., Schleif, G., Thouw, T., Balzer, M., Berg, R., Bormann, D., Gemmeke, H., Giraud, H., Kleifges, M., Kopmann, A., Kunka, N., Menchikov, A., Osswald, B., Remmel, U., Tscherniakhovski, D., Barenthien, N., Kampert, K. H., Keilhauer, B., Argiro, S., Camin, D. V., Guerard, C., Ambrosio, M., Bernardini, C., Facal, P., Filosofi, R., Fois, M., Matthiae, G., Privitera, P., Salina, G., Borreani, G., Cester, R., Menichetti, E., Pastrone, N., Aramo, C., Cangiano, E., Fonte, R., Insolia, A., Raia, G., Gora, D., Homola, P., Kutschera, M., Ostrowski, M., Wilczynska, B., Wilczynski, H., Arcon, I., Filipcic, A., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Clark, P., Bruijn, L., Knapp, J., Lloyd-Evans, J., Patel, M., Tunnicliffe, V., Walker, P., Watson, A., Arisaka, K., Bonushkin, Y., Kubic, J., Slater, W., Tripathi, A., Brack, J., Hofman, G., Ristinen, R., Harton, J., Sites, J., Warner, D., Wilson, R., Cronin, J. W., Gibbs, K., Albrow, M., Andrews, R., Berman, E., Hoffer, D., Glass, H., Hojvat, C., Mantsch, P., Mazur, P., Spinka, H., Voyvodic, L., Matthews, J. M., Mcewen, M., Meyhandan, R., Darling, J., Dorofeev, A., Nemiroff, B., Nitz, D., Rafert, B., Ruotsala, S., Szadkowski, Z., Trombley, M., Dieterle, B., Matthews, J., Riley, S., Allison, P., Beatty, J., Coutu, S., Duvernois, M., Cassiday, G., Fick, B., Sommers, P., Luis. Anchordoqui, Machacek, M., Paul, T., Swain, J., Taylor, L., Akhperjanian, A., Chilingarian, A., Hovsepian, G., Mnatzakanian, E., Sahakian, V., Ter-Antonian, S., Aguirre, C., Bustos, R., Choque, K., Ticona, A., Ticona, R., Velarde, A., Thieu, D. Q., Darriulat, P., Chung, N., Dzung, N. T., Dinh, P. N., Phuong, P. T., Thuan, V. V., Physique Corpusculaire et Cosmologie - Collège de France (PCC), Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Kajita T. Asaoka Y. Kawachi A. Matsubara M. Sasaki M., PIERRE AUGER, Lantz, Simone, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)
Subjects: [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], [PHYS.ASTR.CO] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics
Abstract: The detectors of the surface array of the Pierre Auger Observatory are water Cherenkov tanks. The signals from each tank are read out using three photomultipliers. The energy of the primary particle is inferred from signal densities and requires good linearity of the PMTs and a large dynamic range. The absolute time of arrival of the shower front at each tank is obtained from the Global Positioning System (GPS) with a resolution of about 10 ns, ensuring an accurate primary angular reconstruction. Additionally, it is intended to use the rise time and shape of the signals to constrain the nature of the primary particle: this sets further requirements on the signal processing. In this paper, the main features of the signal processing associated with the surface detector will be presented and its performance will be discussed in the context of the extraction of shower parameters., Comment: Submitted to 28th International Cosmic Ray Conferences (ICRC 2003), Tsukuba, Japan, 31 Jul - 7 Aug 2003

110. Communications in the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: Clark, P. D. J., Nitz, D., Altmann, E., Alvarez, P., Bauleo, P., Bonifazi, C., Etchegoyen, A., Eusebi, R., Fazzini, N., Ferrero, A., Filevich, A., Reguera, A., Cillis, A., M-T, Dova, Epele, L. N., Grunfeld, C., Mariazzi, A., Martinez, N., Roulet, E., Sciutto, S. J., Veiga, A., Allekotte, I., Avila, G., Masperi, L., Orsaria, M., Rovero, A. Clay R. W., Dawson, B. R., Pace, R., Riordan, D., Thornton, G. J., Wild, N. R., Boutonnet, C., Brunet, J. M., Capdevielle, J. N., Cohen, F., Courty, B., Guglielmi, L., Jaeger, J. J., Benoît Revenu, Tristram, G., Waisbard, J., Bertou, X., Billoir, P., Boratav, M., Castera, A., Sylvie DAGORET, Deligny, O., Lachaud, C., Letessier-Selvon, A., Genolini, B., Lefebvre, F., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Trung, T. N., Parizot, E., Pouthas, J., Suomijarvi, T., Albert, J. N., Arnault, C., Bilhaut, R., Cordier, A., Cormier, E., Eschstruth, P., Jouniaux, O., Lavigne, B., Oleg Lodygensky, Rypko, J., Martin Urban, Bluemer, H., Bollmann, E., Csabo, T., Grindler, A., Gumbsheimer, R., Heck, D., Hucker, H., Kern, H., Klages, H. O., Kleinfeller, J., Mathes, H. J., Matussek, P., Michel-Piper, I., Risse, M., Schleif, G., Thouw, T., Balzer, M., Berg, R., Bormann, D., Gemmeke, H., Giraud, H., Kleifges, M., Kopmann, A., Kunka, N., Menchikov, A., Osswald, B., Remmel, U., Tscherniakhovski, D., Barenthien, N., Kampert, K. H., Keilhauer, B., Argiro, S., Camin, D. V., Guerard, C., Ambrosio, M., Bernardini, C., Facal, P., Filosofi, R., Fois, M., Matthiae, G., Privitera, P., Salina, G., Borreani, G., Cester, R., Menichetti, E., Pastrone, N., Aramo, C., Cangiano, E., Fonte, R., Insolia, A., Raia, G., Gora, D., Homola, P., Kutschera, M., Ostrowski, M., Wilczynska, B., Wilczynski, H., Arcon, I., Filipcic, A., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Bruijn, L., Knapp, J., Lloyd-Evans, J., Patel, M., Tunnicliffe, V., Walker, P., Watson, A., Arisaka, K., Bonushkin, Y., Kubic, J., Slater, W., Tripathi, A., Brack, J., Hofman, G., Ristinen, R., Harton, J., Sites, J., Warner, D., Wilson, R., Cronin, J. W., Gibbs, K., Albrow, M., Andrews, R., Berman, E., Hoffer, D., Glass, H., Hojvat, C., Mantsch, P., Mazur, P., Spinka, H., Voyvodic, L., Matthews, J. M., Mcewen, M., Meyhandan, R., Darling, J., Dorofeev, A., Nemiroff, B., Rafert, B., Ruotsala, S., Szadkowski, Z., Trombley, M., Dieterle, B., Matthews, J., Riley, S., Roberts, M., Allison, P., Beatty, J., Coutu, S., Duvernois, M., Cassiday, G., Fick, B., Sommers, P., Luis. Anchordoqui, Machacek, M., Paul, T., Swain, J., Taylor, L., Akhperjanian, A., Chilingarian, A., Hovsepian, G., Mnatzakanian, E., Sahakian, V., Ter-Antonian, S. Aguirre C., Bustos, R., Choque, K., Ticona, A., Ticona, R., Velarde, A., Thieu, D. Q., Darriulat, P., Chung, N., Dzung, N. T., Dinh, P. N., Phuong, P. T., Thuan, V. V., Physique Corpusculaire et Cosmologie - Collège de France (PCC), Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Kampert K.H. Heinzelmann G. Spiering C., PIERRE AUGER, Lantz, Simone, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)
Subjects: [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], [PHYS.ASTR.CO] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO]

111. Implementation of the first level trigger for the Auger Observatory

Author: Altmann, E., Alvarez, P., Bauleo, P., Bonifazi, C., Etchegoyen, A., Eusebi, R., Fazzini, N., Ferrero, A., Filevich, A., Reguera, A., Cillis, A., Dova, M. T., Epele, L. N., Grunfeld, C., Mariazzi, A., Martinez, N., Roulet, E., Sciutto, S. J., Veiga, A., Allekotte, I., Avila, G., Masperi, L., Orsaria, M., Rovero, A., Clay, R. W., Dawson, B. R., Pace, R., Riordan, D., Thornton, G. J., Wild, N. R., Boutonnet, C., Brunet, J. M., Capdevielle, J. N., Cohen, F., Courty, B., Guglielmi, L., Jaeger, J. J., Benoît Revenu, Tristram, G., Waisbard, J., Bertou, X., Billoir, P., Boratav, M., Castera, A., Sylvie DAGORET, Deligny, O., Lachaud, C., Letessier-Selvon, A., Genolini, B., Lefebvre, F., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Trung, T. N., Parizot, E., Pouthas, J., Suomijarvi, T., Albert, J. N., Arnault, C., Bilhaut, R., Cordier, A., Cormier, E., Eschstruth, P., Jouniaux, O., Lavigne, B., Oleg Lodygensky, Rypko, J., Martin Urban, Bluemer, H., Bollmann, E., Csabo, T., Grindler, A., Gumbsheimer, R., Heck, D., Hucker, H., Kern, H., Klages, H. O., Kleinfeller, J., Mathes, H. J., Matussek, P., Michel-Piper, I., Risse, M., Schleif, G., Thouw, T., Balzer, M., Berg, R., Bormann, D., Gemmeke, H., Giraud, H., Kleifges, M., Kopmann, A., Kunka, N., Menchikov, A., Osswald, B., Remmel, U., Tscherniakhovski, D., Barenthien, N., Kampert, K. H., Keilhauer, B., Argiro, S., Camin, D. V., Guerard, C., Ambrosio, M., Bernardini, C., Facal, P., Filosofi, R., Fois, M., Matthiae, G., Privitera, P., Salina, G., Borreani, G., Cester, R., Menichetti, E., Pastrone, N., Aramo, C., Cangiano, E., Fonte, R., Insolia, A., Raia, G., Gora, D., Homola, P., Kutschera, M., Ostrowski, M., Wilczynska, B., Wilczynski, H., Arcon, I., Filipcic, A., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Clark, P., Bruijn, L., Knapp, J., Lloyd-Evans, J., Patel, M., Tunnicliffe, V., Walker, P., Watson, A., Arisaka, K., Bonushkin, Y., Kubic, J., Slater, W., Tripathi, A., Brack, J., Hofman, G., Ristinen, R., Harton, J., Sites, J., Warner, D., Wilson, R., Cronin, J. W., Gibbs, K., Albrow, M., Andrews, R., Berman, E., Hoffer, D., Glass, H., Hojvat, C., Mantsch, P., Mazur, P., Spinka, H., Voyvodic, L., Matthews, J. M., Mcewen, M., Meyhandan, R., Darling, J., Dorofeev, A., Nemiroff, B., Nitz, D., Rafert, B., Ruotsala, S., Szadkowski, Z., Trombley, M., Dieterle, B., Matthews, J., Riley, S., Roberts, M., Allison, P., Beatty, J., Coutu, S., Duvernois, M., Cassiday, G., Fick, B., Sommers, P., Anchordoqui, L., Machacek, M., Paul, T., Swain, J., Taylor, L., Akhperjanian, A., Chilingarian, A., Hovsepian, G., Mnatzakanian, E., Sahakian, V., Ter-Antonian, S. Aguirre C., Bustos, R., Choque, K., Ticona, A., Ticona, R., Velarde, A., Thieu, D. Q., Darriulat, P., Chung, N., Dzung, N. T., Dinh, P. N., Phuong, P. T., Thuan, V. V., Physique Corpusculaire et Cosmologie - Collège de France (PCC), Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Kampert K.H. Heizelmann G. Spiering C, PIERRE AUGER, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Lantz, Simone
Subjects: [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], [PHYS.ASTR.CO] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO]

112. CONFORMATIONAL STUDIES ON PEPTIDES CONTAINING ENANTIOMERIC ALPHA-METHYL ALPHA-AMINO-ACIDS .1. DIFFERENTIAL CONFORMATIONAL PROPERTIES OF (R)-2-METHYLASPARTIC AND (S)-2-METHYLASPARTIC ACID

Author: ALTMANN, KH, ALTMANN, E, and MUTTER, M
Abstract: The conformational properties of four model peptides of the general formula Ac-Tyr-Xaa-Yaa-Zaa-Ala-Lys-Glu-Ala-Ala-Glu-Lys-Ala-Zaa-Yaa-Xaa-Lys-NH, (Xaa-Yaa-Zaa=Ala-Ala-(R)-Asp(2-Me), 1; Ala-Ala-(S)-Asp(2-Me), 2; Ala-Aib-Asp, 3; Ala-Ala-Asp, 4; Asp(2-Me) = 2-methylaspartic acid; Aib = 2-aminoisobutyric acid) were studied by CD spectroscopy in solution, to evaluate the helix-inducing potential of enantiomerically pure 2-methylaspartic acid as a function of its chirality at C(2). At neutral pH and 1-degree, all peptides exhibit significant helix formation in aqueous solution. the degree of helicity increasing in the order 4 < 3 almost-equal-to 2 < 1. Lowering the pH to 2 results in a dramatic increase in helicity for peptide 1, while the diastereoisomeric peptide 2 now exists in a predominantly unordered conformation. Helix induction by protonated (R)-Asp(2-Me) exceeds Aib-induced helix formation in peptide 3, and the helix content of 1 in aqueous solution at pH 2 is comparable to the degree of helicity in the strongly helix-inducing solvent 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol.

113. ‘Until it bores me’: Learning Progress Maximization as the Reward Mechanism to solve the Exploration-Exploitation Dilemma in Infants

Author: Altmann, E. C., Marina Bazhydai, and Gert Westermann

114. The Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: Zavrtanik, D., Altmann, E., Alvarez, P., Bauleo, P., Bonifazi, C., Etchegoyen, A., Eusebi, R., Fazzini, N., Ferrero, A., Filevich, A., Reguera, A., Cillis, A., Dova, M.T., Epele, L.N., Grunfeld, C., Mariazzi, A., Martinez, N., Roulet, E., Sciutto, S.J., Veiga, A., Allekotte, I., Avila, G., Masperi, L., Orsaria, M., ROvero, A., Clay, R.W., Dawson, B.R., Pace, R., Riordan, D., Thornton, G.J., Wild, N.R., Boutonnet, C., Brunet, J-M., Capdevielle, J-N., Cohen, F., Courty, B., Guglielmi, L., Jaeger, J-J., Revenu, Benoît, Tristram, G., Waisbard, J., Bertou, X., Billoir, P., Boratav, M., Castera, A., Dagoret-Campagne, S., Deligny, O., Lachaud, C., Letessier-Selvon, A., Genolini, B., Lefebvre, F., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Trung, T.N., Parizot, E., Pouthas, J., Suomijarvi, T., Albert, J.N., Arnault, C., Bilhaut, R., Cordier, A., Cormier, E., Eschstruth, P., jouniaux, O., Lavigne, B., Lodygensky, O., Rypko, J., Urban, M., Bluemer, H., Bollmann, E., Csabo, T., Grindler, A., Gumbsheimer, R., Heck, D., Hucker, H., Kern, H., Klages, H.O., Kleinfeller, J., Mathes, H.J., Matussek, P., Michel-Piper, I., Risse, M., Schleif, G., Thouw, T., Balzer, M., Berg, R., Bormann, D., Gemmeke, H., Giraud, H., Kleifges, M., Kopmann, A., Kunka, N., Menchikov, A., Osswald, B., Remmel, U., Tscherniakhovski, D., Barenthien, N., Kampert, K.H., Keilhauer, B., Argiro, S., Camin, D.V., Guerard, C., Ambrosio, M., Bernardini, C., Facal, P., Filosofi, R., Fois, M., Matthiae, G., Privitera, P., Salina, G., Borreani, G., Cester, R., Menichetti, E., Pastrone, N., Aramo, C., Cangiano, E., Fonte, R., Insolia, A., Raia, G., Gora, D., Homola, P., Kutschera, M., Ostrowski, M., Wilczynska, B., Wilczynski, H., Arcon, I., Filipcic, A., Zavrtanik, M., Clark, P., de Bruijn, L., Knapp, J., Lloyd-Evans, J., Patel, M., Tunnicliffe, V., Walker, P., Watson, A., Arisaka, K., Bonushkin, Y., Kubic, J., Slater, W., Tripathi, A., Brack, J., Hofman, G., Ristinen, R., Harton, J., Sites, J., Warner, D., Wilson, R., Cronin, J.W., Gibbs, K., Albrow, M., Andrews, R., Berman, E., Hoffer, D., Glass, H., Hojvat, C., Mantsch, P., Mazur, P., Spinka, H., Voyvodic, L., Matthews, J.M., McEwen, M., Meyhandan, R., Darling, J., Dorofeev, A., Nemiroff, B., Nitz, D., Rafert, B., Ruotsala, S., Szadkowski, Z., Trombley, M., Dieterle, B., Matthews, J., Riley, S., Roberts, M., Allison, P., Beatty, J., Coutu, S., DuVernois, M., Cassiday, G., Fick, B., Sommers, P., Anchordoqui, L., Machacek, M., Paul, T., Swain, J., Taylor, L., Akhperjanian, A., Chilingarian, A., Hovsepian, G., Mnatzakanian, E., Sahakian, V., Ter-Antonian, S., Aguirre, C., Bustos, R., Choque, K., Ticona, A., Ticona, R., Velarde, A., Thieu, D.Q., Darriulat, P., Chung, N., Dzung, N.T., Dinh, P.N., Phuong, P.T., Thuan, V.V., Zavrtanik, D., Altmann, E., Alvarez, P., Bauleo, P., Bonifazi, C., Etchegoyen, A., Eusebi, R., Fazzini, N., Ferrero, A., Filevich, A., Reguera, A., Cillis, A., Dova, M.T., Epele, L.N., Grunfeld, C., Mariazzi, A., Martinez, N., Roulet, E., Sciutto, S.J., Veiga, A., Allekotte, I., Avila, G., Masperi, L., Orsaria, M., ROvero, A., Clay, R.W., Dawson, B.R., Pace, R., Riordan, D., Thornton, G.J., Wild, N.R., Boutonnet, C., Brunet, J-M., Capdevielle, J-N., Cohen, F., Courty, B., Guglielmi, L., Jaeger, J-J., Revenu, Benoît, Tristram, G., Waisbard, J., Bertou, X., Billoir, P., Boratav, M., Castera, A., Dagoret-Campagne, S., Deligny, O., Lachaud, C., Letessier-Selvon, A., Genolini, B., Lefebvre, F., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Trung, T.N., Parizot, E., Pouthas, J., Suomijarvi, T., Albert, J.N., Arnault, C., Bilhaut, R., Cordier, A., Cormier, E., Eschstruth, P., jouniaux, O., Lavigne, B., Lodygensky, O., Rypko, J., Urban, M., Bluemer, H., Bollmann, E., Csabo, T., Grindler, A., Gumbsheimer, R., Heck, D., Hucker, H., Kern, H., Klages, H.O., Kleinfeller, J., Mathes, H.J., Matussek, P., Michel-Piper, I., Risse, M., Schleif, G., Thouw, T., Balzer, M., Berg, R., Bormann, D., Gemmeke, H., Giraud, H., Kleifges, M., Kopmann, A., Kunka, N., Menchikov, A., Osswald, B., Remmel, U., Tscherniakhovski, D., Barenthien, N., Kampert, K.H., Keilhauer, B., Argiro, S., Camin, D.V., Guerard, C., Ambrosio, M., Bernardini, C., Facal, P., Filosofi, R., Fois, M., Matthiae, G., Privitera, P., Salina, G., Borreani, G., Cester, R., Menichetti, E., Pastrone, N., Aramo, C., Cangiano, E., Fonte, R., Insolia, A., Raia, G., Gora, D., Homola, P., Kutschera, M., Ostrowski, M., Wilczynska, B., Wilczynski, H., Arcon, I., Filipcic, A., Zavrtanik, M., Clark, P., de Bruijn, L., Knapp, J., Lloyd-Evans, J., Patel, M., Tunnicliffe, V., Walker, P., Watson, A., Arisaka, K., Bonushkin, Y., Kubic, J., Slater, W., Tripathi, A., Brack, J., Hofman, G., Ristinen, R., Harton, J., Sites, J., Warner, D., Wilson, R., Cronin, J.W., Gibbs, K., Albrow, M., Andrews, R., Berman, E., Hoffer, D., Glass, H., Hojvat, C., Mantsch, P., Mazur, P., Spinka, H., Voyvodic, L., Matthews, J.M., McEwen, M., Meyhandan, R., Darling, J., Dorofeev, A., Nemiroff, B., Nitz, D., Rafert, B., Ruotsala, S., Szadkowski, Z., Trombley, M., Dieterle, B., Matthews, J., Riley, S., Roberts, M., Allison, P., Beatty, J., Coutu, S., DuVernois, M., Cassiday, G., Fick, B., Sommers, P., Anchordoqui, L., Machacek, M., Paul, T., Swain, J., Taylor, L., Akhperjanian, A., Chilingarian, A., Hovsepian, G., Mnatzakanian, E., Sahakian, V., Ter-Antonian, S., Aguirre, C., Bustos, R., Choque, K., Ticona, A., Ticona, R., Velarde, A., Thieu, D.Q., Darriulat, P., Chung, N., Dzung, N.T., Dinh, P.N., Phuong, P.T., and Thuan, V.V.

115. The Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: Zavrtanik, D., Altmann, E., Alvarez, P., Bauleo, P., Bonifazi, C., Etchegoyen, A., Eusebi, R., Fazzini, N., Ferrero, A., Filevich, A., Reguera, A., Cillis, A., Dova, M.T., Epele, L.N., Grunfeld, C., Mariazzi, A., Martinez, N., Roulet, E., Sciutto, S.J., Veiga, A., Allekotte, I., Avila, G., Masperi, L., Orsaria, M., Rovero, A., Clay, R.W., Dawson, B.R., Pace, R., Riordan, D., Thornton, G.J., Wild, N.R., Boutonnet, C., Brunet, J-M., Capdevielle, J-N., Cohen, F., Courty, B., Guglielmi, L., Jaeger, J-J., Revenu, B., Tristram, G., Waisbard, J., Bertou, X., Billoir, P., Boratav, M., Castera, A., Dagoret-Campagne, S., Deligny, O., Lachaud, C., Letessier-Selvon, A., Genolini, B., Lefebvre, F., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Trung, T.N., Parizot, E., Pouthas, J., Suomijarvi, T., Albert, J.N., Arnault, C., Bilhaut, R., Cordier, A., Cormier, E., Eschstruth, P., Jouniaux, O., Lavigne, B., Lodygensky, O., Rypko, J., Urban, M., Bluemer, H., Bollmann, E., Csabo, T., Grindler, A., Gumbsheimer, R., Heck, D., Hucker, H., Keilhauer, B., Kern, H., Klages, H.O., Kleinfeller, J., Mathes, H.J., Matussek, P., Michel-Piper, I., Risse, M., Schleif, G., Thouw, T., Balzer, M., Berg, R., Bormann, D., Gemmeke, H., Giraud, H., Kleifges, M., Kopmann, A., Kunka, N., Menchikov, A., Osswald, B., Remmel, U., Tscherniakhovski, D., Barenthien, N., Guerard, C., Kampert, K.H., Argiro, S., Camin, D.V., Ambrosio, M., Bernardini, C., Facal, P., Filosofi, R., Fois, M., Matthiae, G., Privitera, P., Salina, G., Borreani, G., Cester, R., Menichetti, E., Pastrone, N., Aramo, C., Cangiano, E., Fonte, R., Insolia, A., Raia, G., Gora, D., Homola, P., Kutschera, M., Ostrowski, M., Wilczynska, B., Wilczynski, H., Arcon, I., Filipcic, A., Zavrtanik, M., Clark, P., de Bruijn, L., Knapp, J., Lloyd-Evans, J., Patel, M., Tunnicliffe, V., Walker, P., Watson, A., Arisaka, K., Bonushkin, Y., Kubic, J., Slater, W., Tripathi, A., Brack, J., Hofman, G., Ristinen, R., Harton, J., Sites, J., Warner, D., Wilson, R., Cronin, J.W., Fick, B., Gibbs, K., Albrow, M., Andrews, R., Berman, E., Hoffer, D., Glass, H., Hojvat, C., Mantsch, P., Mazur, P., Spinka, H., Voyvodic, L., Matthews, J.M., McEwen, M., Meyhandan, R., Darling, J., Dorofeev, A., Nemiroff, B., Nitz, D., Rafert, B., Ruotsala, S., Szadkowski, Z., Trombley, M., Dieterle, B., Matthews, J., Riley, S., Roberts, M., Allison, P., Beatty, J., Coutu, S., DuVernois, M., Cassiday, G., Sommers, P., Anchordoqui, L., Machacek, M., Paul, T., Swain, J., Taylor, L., Akhperjanian, A., Chilingarian, A., Hovsepian, G., Mnatzakanian, E., Sahakian, V., Ter-Antonian, S., Aguirre, C., Bustos, R., Choque, K., Ticona, A., Ticona, R., Velarde, A., Thieu, D.Q., Darriulat, P., Chung, N., Dzung, N.T., Dinh, P.N., Phuong, P.T., Thuan, V.V., Zavrtanik, D., Altmann, E., Alvarez, P., Bauleo, P., Bonifazi, C., Etchegoyen, A., Eusebi, R., Fazzini, N., Ferrero, A., Filevich, A., Reguera, A., Cillis, A., Dova, M.T., Epele, L.N., Grunfeld, C., Mariazzi, A., Martinez, N., Roulet, E., Sciutto, S.J., Veiga, A., Allekotte, I., Avila, G., Masperi, L., Orsaria, M., Rovero, A., Clay, R.W., Dawson, B.R., Pace, R., Riordan, D., Thornton, G.J., Wild, N.R., Boutonnet, C., Brunet, J-M., Capdevielle, J-N., Cohen, F., Courty, B., Guglielmi, L., Jaeger, J-J., Revenu, B., Tristram, G., Waisbard, J., Bertou, X., Billoir, P., Boratav, M., Castera, A., Dagoret-Campagne, S., Deligny, O., Lachaud, C., Letessier-Selvon, A., Genolini, B., Lefebvre, F., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Trung, T.N., Parizot, E., Pouthas, J., Suomijarvi, T., Albert, J.N., Arnault, C., Bilhaut, R., Cordier, A., Cormier, E., Eschstruth, P., Jouniaux, O., Lavigne, B., Lodygensky, O., Rypko, J., Urban, M., Bluemer, H., Bollmann, E., Csabo, T., Grindler, A., Gumbsheimer, R., Heck, D., Hucker, H., Keilhauer, B., Kern, H., Klages, H.O., Kleinfeller, J., Mathes, H.J., Matussek, P., Michel-Piper, I., Risse, M., Schleif, G., Thouw, T., Balzer, M., Berg, R., Bormann, D., Gemmeke, H., Giraud, H., Kleifges, M., Kopmann, A., Kunka, N., Menchikov, A., Osswald, B., Remmel, U., Tscherniakhovski, D., Barenthien, N., Guerard, C., Kampert, K.H., Argiro, S., Camin, D.V., Ambrosio, M., Bernardini, C., Facal, P., Filosofi, R., Fois, M., Matthiae, G., Privitera, P., Salina, G., Borreani, G., Cester, R., Menichetti, E., Pastrone, N., Aramo, C., Cangiano, E., Fonte, R., Insolia, A., Raia, G., Gora, D., Homola, P., Kutschera, M., Ostrowski, M., Wilczynska, B., Wilczynski, H., Arcon, I., Filipcic, A., Zavrtanik, M., Clark, P., de Bruijn, L., Knapp, J., Lloyd-Evans, J., Patel, M., Tunnicliffe, V., Walker, P., Watson, A., Arisaka, K., Bonushkin, Y., Kubic, J., Slater, W., Tripathi, A., Brack, J., Hofman, G., Ristinen, R., Harton, J., Sites, J., Warner, D., Wilson, R., Cronin, J.W., Fick, B., Gibbs, K., Albrow, M., Andrews, R., Berman, E., Hoffer, D., Glass, H., Hojvat, C., Mantsch, P., Mazur, P., Spinka, H., Voyvodic, L., Matthews, J.M., McEwen, M., Meyhandan, R., Darling, J., Dorofeev, A., Nemiroff, B., Nitz, D., Rafert, B., Ruotsala, S., Szadkowski, Z., Trombley, M., Dieterle, B., Matthews, J., Riley, S., Roberts, M., Allison, P., Beatty, J., Coutu, S., DuVernois, M., Cassiday, G., Sommers, P., Anchordoqui, L., Machacek, M., Paul, T., Swain, J., Taylor, L., Akhperjanian, A., Chilingarian, A., Hovsepian, G., Mnatzakanian, E., Sahakian, V., Ter-Antonian, S., Aguirre, C., Bustos, R., Choque, K., Ticona, A., Ticona, R., Velarde, A., Thieu, D.Q., Darriulat, P., Chung, N., Dzung, N.T., Dinh, P.N., Phuong, P.T., and Thuan, V.V.

116. Urban Density, Real Estate Investment and the Asia-Pacific Region

Author: Altmann, E and Altmann, E
Abstract: Foreign Investment in Australian real estate is escalating. Investment is required to meet Australia's balance of payments. An overview is provided, then specific reference is made to the amount of Chinese investment in both commercial and residential real estate.

117. Organisations, governance and multi-owned housing

Author: Altmann, E and Altmann, E
Abstract: The creation of multi-owned, strata titled housing occurs as a legal mechanism at the time local and state governments accept and approve the developer’s survey plans. Economic and social forces allow the creation of an organisation by people who have little ongoing interest in its ability to function. From an organisational viewpoint, this is a unique situation. When an owner buys into a strata complex, they cede power to the owner organisation that controls the common property within the apartment or master planned estate. This occurs through contract mechanisms at the point of sale. Set within a structure and agency framework, this review of literature moves the focus from planning and legal considerations and the actors voice, to the formation of an organisation. It considers whether a new type of hybrid organisation has been created in which governance, transparency and accountability are hampered by the legal framework that is set up to protect it.

118. Housing and age friendly communities policies for future direction - A stepped approach

Author: Altmann, E, Travers, MH, Doherty, K, Robinson, A, Altmann, E, Travers, MH, Doherty, K, and Robinson, A
Abstract: Population aging is a significant issue for Australia and across the globe. Not only is Australia’s population predicted to almost double over the next three decades to around 40 million people (ABS, 2012), the current profile is for those in the 65 years and older age bracket to increase from 3.2 million in 2012 to 11.1 million by 2061 (ABS, 2012). This reflects an overall percentage increase from approximately 13 % of the current population to just over 25% of the predicted population as those born during the baby boomer period reach retirement age. Significant tension exists between past and current housing policies and the move towards age friendly communities. These tensions need to be highlighted and resolved if older Australians are to undertake the roles allocated to them in later life such as working, volunteerism and family assistance, remaining active, healthy and able to contribute to society in later life. Existing housing policies place emphasis on urban consolidation through increasing housing density particularly in middle ring suburbs. There are frequent calls for older people to give up their three bedroom homes in established middle ring suburbs to make way for ‘working families’ and move into apartments. This continued focus on working families has left little room for discussion of the housing needs of older age groups. There has been an associated failure to address the needs growing numbers of elderly people living in apartments despite known links between health and housing, particularly for an increasing number of elderly renters expected to reach 800,000 by 2050 (Sharman et al. 2016). Dementia, and age related illness affects both home owners and renters. It has gained prominence as a key health, aged care and social policy challenge. It is predicted to become the leading cause of disability in Australia by 2030. While aged and dementia care places have increased, they have decreased as a percentage of the population. Current policy targets

119. Paediatric and Adolescent Insulin Pump Decision Aid – A Novel Intervention (PANDANI) Booklet

Author: Stirling, CM, Altmann, E, Broad, L, Demangone, K, Stirling, CM, Altmann, E, Broad, L, and Demangone, K
Abstract: This project developed and piloted a decision aid as a tool to assist paediatric and adolescent patients with Type 1 Diabetes and their families considering the use of insulin pump therapy. Designed specifically for use with paediatric patients and their families, when used appropriately, it may assist in the reduction of insulin pump discontinuation rates among this cohort - a timely and expensive process. The PANDANI booklet is designed to be used in a clinical setting.

120. ChemInform Abstract: The Construction of New Proteins. Part 3. Artificial Folding Units by Assembly of Amphiphilic Secondary Structures on a Template.

Author: MUTTER, M., primary, ALTMANN, E., additional, ALTMANN, K.-H., additional, HERSPERGER, R., additional, KOZIEJ, P., additional, NEBEL, K., additional, TUCHSCHERER, G., additional, VUILLEUMIER, S., additional, GREMLICH, H.-U., additional, and MUELLER, K., additional
Published: 1988
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121. Determination of thermodynamic data by microcalorimetry: the michaelis constant of glucose oxidase immobilized on various carriers

Author: Schachinger, L., primary, Altmann, E., additional, Diepold, B., additional, and Klöter, H., additional
Published: 1985
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122. ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Peptides Containing (S)-α-Methylserine.

Author: ALTMANN, E., primary, ALTMANN, K.-H., additional, and MUTTER, M., additional
Published: 1988
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123. ChemInform Abstract: STRUCTURAL MODIFICATIONS OF VITAMIN D3. 6. INTENDED OXIDATION OF THE Δ7‐DOUBLE BOND OF 4‐PHENYL‐1,2,4‐TRIAZOLINE‐3,5‐DIONE ADDUCTS OF VITAMIN D3

Author: REISCHL, W., primary, ALTMANN, E., additional, and ZBIRAL, E., additional
Published: 1982
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124. Verhalten der motorischen Chronaxie unter Reizstromtherapie im Frühstadium nach zerebrovaskulärer Insuffizienz1

Author: Freund, E., primary, Hoppe, W., additional, Schmidt, P., additional, and Altmann, E., additional
Published: 1981
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125. ChemInform Abstract: STRUCTURAL MODIFICATIONS OF VITAMIN D3. 7. SYNTHESIS OF 5,10:7,8‐BISEPOXIDES FROM α‐ AND β‐4‐PHENYL‐1,2,4‐TRIAZOLINE‐3,5‐DIONE ADDUCTS OF VITAMIN D3 AND X‐RAY CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF ONE BENZOYL DERIVATIVE

Author: KRATKY, C., primary, REISCHL, W., additional, ALTMANN, E., additional, and ZBIRAL, E., additional
Published: 1982
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126. Methionine enkephalin in the treatment of ARC

Author: Bernard, B., Plotnikoff, N., Freeman, K., Dowling, J., Diuguid, C., and Altmann, E.
Subjects: AIDS-related complex -- Drug therapy, Enkephalin, Methionine -- Health aspects
Abstract: AUTHORS: B. Bernard, N. Plotnikoff, K. Freeman, J. Dowling, C. Diuguid and E. Altmann. Community Research Initiative, New York, New York; University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, Chicago, Illinois; Albert [...]
Published: 1991

127. ChemInform Abstract: Versatile Stereoselective Synthesis of Completely Protected Trifunctional α-Methylated α-Amino Acids Starting from Alanine.

Author: ALTMANN, E., NEBEL, K., and MUTTER, M.
Published: 1991
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128. Non coded Cα,α-disubstituted amino acids

Author: Angelina Lombardi, C. Iserniai, Carlo Pedone, Ettore Benedetti, Benedetto Di Blasio, E. Altmann, Vincenzo Pavone, Ornella Maglio, Manfred Mutter, Pavone, V., DI BLASIO, B., Lombardi, A., Maglio, O., Iserniai, C., Pedone, C., Benedetti, E., Altmann, E., Mutter, M., Pavone, V, DI BLASIO, B, Lombardi, A, Maglio, O, Isernia, Carla, Pedone, C, Benedetti, E, and Altmann, E
Subjects: ‐disubstituted peptide, Dipeptide, Chemistry, Hydrogen bond, Stereochemistry, Crystal structure, Biochemistry, X‐ray analysl, α‐methyl serine residue, chemistry.chemical_compound, Crystallography, X-ray crystallography, Side chain, Moiety, Peptide bond, α,α, Isopropyl, cis urethane bond
Abstract: The crystal and molecular structure of the fully protected dipeptide Boc-Val-(S)-alpha-MeSer-OMe has been determined by X-ray diffraction techniques. Crystals grown from ethyl acetate/n-pentane mixtures are tetragonal, space group I4(1), with cell parameters at 295 K of a = 15.307(2), c = 18.937(10)angstrom, V = 4437.1 angstrom3, M.W. = 332.40, Z = 8, D(m) = 0.99 g/cm3 and D(x) = 0. 995 g/cm3. The structure was solved by application of direct methods and refined to an R value of 0.028 for 1773 reflections with I greater-than-or-equal 3sigma(I) collected on a CAD-4 diffractometer. Both chiral centers have the (S) configuration. The dipeptide assumes in the solid state an S shape. The urethane moiety is in the cis conformation, while the amide bond is in the common trans conformation. The conformational angles phi1, psi1 of the Val and phi2, and psi2 of the (S)-alphaMeSer fall in the F region of the phi-psi map. The isopropyl side chain of the Val residue has the (t, g-) conformation, while the Ser side chain has a g+ conformation. The hydrogen bond donor groups are all involved in intermolecular H-bond interactions. Along the quaternary axis the dipeptide molecules are linked to each other with the formation of infinite rows.
Published: 2009

129. Dynamics of transposable elements generates structure and symmetries in genetic sequences

Author: Mirko Degli Esposti, Eduardo G. Altmann, Giampaolo Cristadoro, Cristadoro, Giampaolo, Degli Esposti, Mirko, Altmann, Eduardo G., Cristadoro, G, Degli Esposti, M, and Altmann, E
Subjects: Chargaff, genetic sequences, evolution, Transposable element, Physics, Genomics (q-bio.GN), Mathematical and theoretical biology, Chargaff Parity Rules, Long-range correlations, DNA, transposable elements, Mathematical biology, Structure (category theory), Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE), Composition (combinatorics), Quantitative Biology - Quantitative Methods, Genome, Quantitative Biology::Genomics, Chargaff's rules, Evolutionary biology, FOS: Biological sciences, Homogeneous space, Quantitative Biology - Genomics, Symmetry (geometry), Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution, Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
Abstract: Genetic sequences are known to possess non-trivial composition together with symmetries in the frequencies of their components. Recently, it has been shown that symmetry and structure are hierarchically intertwined in DNA, suggesting a common origin for both features. However, the mechanism leading to this relationship is unknown. Here we investigate a biologically motivated dynamics for the evolution of genetic sequences. We show that a metastable (long-lived) regime emerges in which sequences have symmetry and structure interlaced in a way that matches that of extant genomes., Comment: 6 pagesm 4 figures
Published: 2020
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130. Effect of preinfarction angina pectoris on outcome in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with primary angioplasty (results from the Myocardial Infarction Registry.

Author: Zahn, Ralf, Schiele, Rudolf, Schneider, Steffen, Gitt, Anselm K., Seidl, Karlheinz, Bossaller, Claus, Schuler, Gerhard, Gottwik, Martin, Altmann, Ernst, Rosahl, Werner, Senges, Jochen, Zahn, R, Schiele, R, Schneider, S, Gitt, A K, Seidl, K, Bossaller, C, Schuler, G, Gottwik, M, and Altmann, E
Subjects: *ANGINA pectoris, *MYOCARDIAL infarction, *ANGIOPLASTY
Abstract: Preinfarction angina is associated with better clinical outcome in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) who receive intravenous thrombolysis. This has not been proved in patients with AMI treated with primary angioplasty. We analyzed the data of the prospective multicenter Myocardial Infarction Registry (MIR). Of 14,440 patients with AMI, 774 with a prehospital delay of < or =12 hours were treated with primary angioplasty. Five hundred thirty-two patients (68.7%) had preinfarction angina. Patients with preinfarction angina were slightly older than patients without (63 vs 62 years, p = 0.042), prehospital delay was 1 hour longer (180 vs 120 minutes, p = 0.001), and arterial hypertension was more prevalent (47.6% vs 32.2%, odds ratio [OR] 1.91, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.39 to 2.62). There was no significant difference in hospital mortality (5.6% vs 3.3%, OR 1.75, 95% CI 0.79 to 3.87), reinfarction, stroke, or the combined end point of death, reinfarction, or stroke between the 2 groups. Logistic regression analysis showed no association of preinfarction angina with the occurrence of either death (OR 2.21, 95% CI 0.91 to 6.08) or the combined end points (OR 1.10, 95% CI 0.55 to 2.31). There was also no significant difference in mortality (6% vs 5.1%, OR 1.19, 95% CI 0.56 to 2.52), reinfarction, stroke, postinfarction angina, or the combined end points between patients with preinfarction angina within 48 hours compared with patients with preinfarction angina between 49 hours and 4 weeks before the AMI. Thus, the MIR data showed no protective effects of preinfarction angina in patients with AMI treated with primary angioplasty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2001
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131. Organizzare spazi in outdoor education: vivere il corpo nel nido e scuola dell’infanzia

Author: andrea ceciliani, Ulrike Stadler - Altmann e Beate Weyland - Alessandra Galletti - Kuno Prey, and andrea ceciliani
Subjects: infanzia, outdoor education, giardino scolastico, design dello spazio
Abstract: L’educazione all’aperto, o outdoor education (OE), si connota come una cornice educativa, vasta e versatile, basata sulla pedagogia attiva e sull’apprendimento esperienziale (Kolb, 1984), che non si limita al semplice uscire fuori, come momento di svago quando il tempo è favorevole, ma si pone come momento formativo determinato dal presupposto di consentire al bambino di applicarsi completamente, con tutto se stesso, all’ambiente esterno e/o naturale. L’OE completa le attività che si fanno in sezione grazie alla possibilità di vivere esperienze che all’interno, indoor, non si possono realizzare (Nicol et al., 2007). L’approccio che deve scaturire, dalle indicazioni appena enunciate, si riassume nel facilitare il bambino a vivere l’ambiente esterno, con tutti i suoi sensi ed emozioni, per esplorarlo, conoscerlo, comprenderlo attraverso il corpo, il movimento, l’attività manipolativa, attraverso le personali competenze sensomotorie e cognitive. Se crediamo, anche alla luce delle recenti evidenze provenienti dalle neuroscienze, che l’infanzia sia l’età in cui l’intelligenza sensomotoria, o cinestesico-corporea che dir si voglia, è preponderante e fondamentale, non possiamo pensare a progetti educativi che escludano l’ambiente esterno e le sue innumerevoli opportunità di apprendimento esperienziale. Il cortile scolastico è da considerarsi l’ambiente elettivo per l’OE, perché consente di lavorare all’aperto tutti i giorni e non sporadicamente in particolari occasioni, come nelle uscite guidate organizzate due o tre volte l’anno. Il modo di fare educazione attraverso l’OE si presenta come strategia estremamente attiva e flessibile, capace di adeguarsi a qualsiasi fascia d’età e contesto ambientale, capace di orientarsi verso molteplici itinerari educativi che ovviamente, partendo dall’educazione naturale, possono includere l’educazione scientifica e artistica, l’educazione alla sostenibilità ambientale fino a giungere, in piena sintonia con le peculiarità della società in cui viviamo, alla media education (Ceciliani, 2018). Compito dell’educatore/insegnante, nel contesto dell’educazione all’aperto, è creare una unità pedagogica, tra lo spazio interno ed esterno, costituente un circuito virtuoso capace di integrare le attività che in tali spazi si realizzano. Il contributo, dopo una riflessione sul concetto che lo spazio può assumere in educazione e il concetto di cortile scolastico come spazio educativo quotidiano, propone una semplice ed economica modalità di modificare, costantemente, giorno dopo giorno, l’architettura del giardino scolastico attraverso la creazione di sottospazi, labirinti, destrutturazioni, aree proibite e aree accessibili. Una organizzazione dello spazio variabile e motivante pur nello stesso luogo, sempre uguale ma sempre diverso. Garantire diversità agli spazi esterni, in cui realizzare le esperienze all’aperto, in outdoor education, orientando nel contempo le attività stesse, è una attenzione educativa che non lascia al caso la vita nel giardino scolastico, ma ne cura la regia attraverso una variabilità di spazi, uso degli arredi, uso delle risorse naturali, che possono rendere sempre nuovo e motivante lo spazio e i sottospazi in esso contenuti. L’idea innovativa dell’architettura scolastica è quella dell’open space, del learning environment, ovvero di spazi aperti, con arredamenti flessibili, che possano essere modificati attraverso la creazione di spazi e sottospazi educativi, pur all’interno di una struttura architettonica definitiva. La stessa cosa può essere applicata al giardino scolastico che, pur nella sua struttura definitiva, può essere reso flessibile e variabile con semplici accorgimenti e sfondi integratori che ne giustifichino l’applicazione. La ristrutturazione degli spazi aperti, in ultima analisi, non è diversa da quella possibile negli spazi interni, anche lo stesso giardino può divenire un giardino sempre diverso e accattivante, quasi vivo, nel suo strutturarsi e destrutturarsi continuo. Il modo di educare non appartiene solo all’educatore/insegnante ma è una strategia che pone, sempre e comunque, il bambino al centro della sua personale esperienza, al centro delle sue uniche e irripetibili emozioni, al centro della sua arricchente diversità
Published: 2019

132. The common origin of symmetry and structure in genetic sequences

Author: Giampaolo Cristadoro, Eduardo G. Altmann, Mirko Degli Esposti, Cristadoro, Giampaolo, Degli Esposti, Mirko, Altmann, Eduardo G., Cristadoro, G, Degli Esposti, M, and Altmann, E
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Computer science, Statistics as Topic, 92D20, Quantitative Biology - Quantitative Methods, Genome, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Chargaff Parity Rules, Long-range correlations, DNA,transposable elements, Mathematical biology, Extant taxon, Simple (abstract algebra), Complex Genomic Organization, Statistical physics, Multidisciplinary, long correlations, human genoma, Chargaff, Cumulative effect, Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM), Mathematics, Mathematical and theoretical biology, Multidisciplinary, Quantitative Biology::Genomics, Typical Cluster Size, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1, Medicine, Chargaff, Algorithms, Transposable element, Science, Structure (category theory), FOS: Physical sciences, Genomics, Symmetry-related Pairs, Article, Minimal model, 03 medical and health sciences, Chargaff's rules, Humans, Simple Domain Model, Base Sequence, Models, Genetic, Chromosome, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Evolutionary biology, Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability, FOS: Biological sciences, Homogeneous space, Human genome, Mobile genetic elements, Parity (mathematics), Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an), 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, DNA
Abstract: Biologists have long sought a way to explain how statistical properties of genetic sequences emerged and are maintained through evolution. On the one hand, non-random structures at different scales indicate a complex genome organisation. On the other hand, single-strand symmetry has been scrutinised using neutral models in which correlations are not considered or irrelevant, contrary to empirical evidence. Different studies investigated these two statistical features separately, reaching minimal consensus despite sustained efforts. Here we unravel previously unknown symmetries in genetic sequences, which are organized hierarchically through scales in which non-random structures are known to be present. These observations are confirmed through the statistical analysis of the human genome and explained through a simple domain model. These results suggest that domain models which account for the cumulative action of mobile elements can explain simultaneously non-random structures and symmetries in genetic sequences., Comment: 14 pages, 6 figures - published version
Published: 2018

133. Temporal-varying failures of nodes in networks

Author: Giampaolo Cristadoro, Eduardo G. Altmann, Georgie Knight, Knight, G, Cristadoro, G, Altmann, E, Knight, Georgie, Cristadoro, Giampaolo, and Altmann, Eduardo G.
Subjects: Statistics and Probability, FOS: Computer and information sciences, Physics - Physics and Society, Computer science, Complex system, Networks, Markov Chains, Escape rate, Markov process, FOS: Physical sciences, Condensed Matter Physic, Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph), computer.software_genre, Topology, symbols.namesake, Escape rate, Social and Information Networks (cs.SI), Markov chain, Failure probability, Probability and statistics, Computer Science - Social and Information Networks, Formalism (philosophy of mathematics), Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability, symbols, Data mining, Networks, Centrality, computer, Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an), Statistical and Nonlinear Physic
Abstract: We consider networks in which random walkers are removed because of the failure of specific nodes. We interpret the rate of loss as a measure of the importance of nodes, a notion we denote as failure-centrality. We show that the degree of the node is not sufficient to determine this measure and that, in a first approximation, the shortest loops through the node have to be taken into account. We propose approximations of the failure-centrality which are valid for temporal-varying failures and we dwell on the possibility of externally changing the relative importance of nodes in a given network, by exploiting the interference between the loops of a node and the cycles of the temporal pattern of failures. In the limit of long failure cycles we show analytically that the escape in a node is larger than the one estimated from a stochastic failure with the same failure probability. We test our general formalism in two real-world networks (air-transportation and e-mail users) and show how communities lead to deviations from predictions for failures in hubs., 7 pages, 3 figures
Published: 2015

134. On the origin of long-range correlations in texts

Author: Giampaolo Cristadoro, Mirko Degli Esposti, Eduardo G. Altmann, Altmann, E, Cristadoro, G, Degli Esposti, M, E. G. Altmann, G. Cristadoro, and M. Degli Esposti
Subjects: FOS: Computer and information sciences, Physics - Physics and Society, Computer science, Complex system, Long Correlation, FOS: Physical sciences, Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph), computer.software_genre, Semantics, ING-INF/05 - SISTEMI DI ELABORAZIONE DELLE INFORMAZIONI, STATISTICAL PHYSICS, Natural (music), Complex System, Burstiness, Data Mining, Humans, Statistical Physic, COMPLEX SYSTEMS, Language, LANGUAGE DYNAMICS, Sequence, Computer Science - Computation and Language, Multidisciplinary, business.industry, Probability and statistics, Linguistics, Models, Theoretical, MAT/07 - FISICA MATEMATICA, Range (mathematics), Language Dynamic, LONG CORRELATIONS, Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability, Physical Sciences, Artificial intelligence, business, computer, Computation and Language (cs.CL), Natural language processing, Natural language, Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
Abstract: The complexity of human interactions with social and natural phenomena is mirrored in the way we describe our experiences through natural language. In order to retain and convey such a high dimensional information, the statistical properties of our linguistic output has to be highly correlated in time. An example are the robust observations, still largely not understood, of correlations on arbitrary long scales in literary texts. In this paper we explain how long-range correlations flow from highly structured linguistic levels down to the building blocks of a text (words, letters, etc..). By combining calculations and data analysis we show that correlations take form of a bursty sequence of events once we approach the semantically relevant topics of the text. The mechanisms we identify are fairly general and can be equally applied to other hierarchical settings., Comment: Full paper (8 pages) and Supporting Information (19 pages)
Published: 2012

135. Nontwist non-Hamiltonian systems

Author: Diego Pazó, Giampaolo Cristadoro, Eduardo G. Altmann, E.G. Altmann, G. Cristadoro, D. Pazò, Altmann, E, Cristadoro, G, and Pazò, D
Subjects: Physics, Dynamical systems theory, Deterministic dynamics, FOS: Physical sciences, Torus, Parameter space, Nonlinear Sciences - Chaotic Dynamics, Nonlinear Sciences - Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems, Hamiltonian system, Nonlinear Sciences::Chaotic Dynamics, symbols.namesake, Bifurcation theory, Classical mechanics, Attractor, symbols, Covariant Hamiltonian field theory, Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD), Hamiltonian (quantum mechanics), Nuclear Experiment, Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO), Mathematics::Symplectic Geometry, Nontwist Hamiltonian systems, dynamical systems
Abstract: We show that the nontwist phenomena previously observed in Hamiltonian systems exist also in time-reversible non-Hamiltonian systems. In particular, we study the two standard collision/reconnection scenarios and we compute the parameter space breakup diagram of the shearless torus. Besides the Hamiltonian routes, the breakup may occur due to the onset of attractors. We study these phenomena in coupled phase oscillators and in non-area-preserving maps., 7 pages, 5 figures
Published: 2006

136. Hormone-mediated disassembly and inactivation of a plant E3 ubiquitin ligase complex.

Author: Martínez C, Iniesto E, García-León M, García-Corredera D, Fonseca S, Santiago C, Yang M, Yu R, Chen H, Altmann E, Renatus M, Deng XW, and Rubio V
Subjects: Plant Growth Regulators metabolism, Plant Growth Regulators pharmacology, COP9 Signalosome Complex metabolism, Abscisic Acid metabolism, Abscisic Acid pharmacology, Arabidopsis metabolism, Arabidopsis Proteins metabolism, Arabidopsis Proteins genetics, Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases metabolism
Abstract: Phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) regulates key plant development and environmental stress responses. The ubiquitin-proteasome system tightly controls ABA signaling. CULLIN4-RING (CRL4) E3 ubiquitin ligases use the substrate receptor module CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1 (COP10)-DDB1-DET1-DDA1 (CDDD) to target Arabidopsis ABA receptor PYL8, acting as negative regulators of ABA responses. Conversely, ABA treatment attenuates PYL8 receptor degradation, although the molecular mechanism remained elusive. Here, we show that ABA promotes the disruption of CRL4-CDDD complexes, leading to PYL8 stabilization. ABA-mediated CRL4-CDDD dissociation likely involves an altered association between DDA1-containing complexes and the COP9 signalosome (CSN), a master regulator of the assembly of cullin-based E3 ligases, including CRL4-CDDD. Indeed, treatment with CSN inhibitor CSN5i-3 suppresses the ABA effect on CRL4-CDDD assembly. Our findings indicate that ABA stabilizes PYL8 by altering the dynamics of the CRL4-CDDD-CSN complex association, showing a regulatory mechanism by which a plant hormone inhibits an E3 ubiquitin ligase to protect its own receptors from degradation., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2024
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137. Correction to "MicroCycle: An Integrated and Automated Platform to Accelerate Drug Discovery".

Author: Brocklehurst CE, Altmann E, André J, Bon C, Caya T, Davis H, Decoret O, Dunstan D, Ertl P, Ginsburg-Moraff C, Grob J, Gosling DJ, Lapointe G, Majumdar D, Marziale AN, Mues H, Palmieri M, Racine S, Robinson RI, Springer C, Tan K, Ulmer W, West L, and Wyler R
Published: 2024
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138. MicroCycle: An Integrated and Automated Platform to Accelerate Drug Discovery.

Author: Brocklehurst CE, Altmann E, Bon C, Davis H, Dunstan D, Ertl P, Ginsburg-Moraff C, Grob J, Gosling DJ, Lapointe G, Marziale AN, Mues H, Palmieri M, Racine S, Robinson RI, Springer C, Tan K, Ulmer W, and Wyler R
Subjects: Drug Discovery, High-Throughput Screening Assays
Abstract: We herein describe the development and application of a modular technology platform which incorporates recent advances in plate-based microscale chemistry, automated purification, in situ quantification, and robotic liquid handling to enable rapid access to high-quality chemical matter already formatted for assays. In using microscale chemistry and thus consuming minimal chemical matter, the platform is not only efficient but also follows green chemistry principles. By reorienting existing high-throughput assay technology, the platform can generate a full package of relevant data on each set of compounds in every learning cycle. The multiparameter exploration of chemical and property space is hereby driven by active learning models. The enhanced compound optimization process is generating knowledge for drug discovery projects in a time frame never before possible.
Published: 2024
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139. Das Unsagbare verschweigen : Holocaust-Literatur aus Täterperspektive. Eine interdisziplinäre Textanalyse

Author: Altmann, Eva Mona and Altmann, Eva Mona
Published: 2021

140. Which boronic acids are used most frequently for synthesis of bioactive molecules?

Author: Ertl P, Altmann E, Racine S, and Decoret O
Subjects: Databases, Factual, Boronic Acids chemistry, Small Molecule Libraries pharmacology
Abstract: Boronic acids are essential building blocks used for the synthesis of bioactive molecules, the generation of chemical libraries and the exploration of structure-activity relationships. As a result, more than ten thousand boronic acids are commercially available. Medicinal chemists are therefore facing a challenge; which of them should they select to maximize information obtained by the synthesis of new target molecules. The present article aims to help them to make the right choices. The boronic acids used frequently in the synthesis of bioactive molecules were identified by mining several large molecular and reaction databases and their properties were analyzed. Based on the results a diverse set of boronic acids covering well the bioactive chemical space was selected and is suggested as a basis for library design for the efficient exploration of structure-activity relationships. A Boronic Acid Navigator web tool which helps chemists to make their own selection is also made available at https://bit.ly/boronics., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2023
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141. Design and Biochemical Characterization of Peptidic Inhibitors of the Myb/p300 Interaction.

Author: Jones M, Grosche P, Floersheimer A, André J, Gattlen R, Oser D, Tinchant J, Wille R, Chie-Leon B, Gerspacher M, Ertl P, Ostermann N, Altmann E, Manchado E, Vorherr T, and Chène P
Subjects: Protein Binding, Peptides pharmacology, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myb antagonists & inhibitors, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myb chemistry, E1A-Associated p300 Protein antagonists & inhibitors, E1A-Associated p300 Protein chemistry
Abstract: The Myb transcription factor is involved in the proliferation of hematopoietic cells, and deregulation of its expression can lead to cancers such as leukemia. Myb interacts with various proteins, including the histone acetyltransferases p300 and CBP. Myb binds to a small domain of p300, the KIX domain (p300 KIX ), and inhibiting this interaction is a potential new drug discovery strategy in oncology. The available structures show that Myb binds to a very shallow pocket of the KIX domain, indicating that it might be challenging to identify inhibitors of this interaction. Here, we report the design of Myb-derived peptides which interact with p300 KIX . We show that by mutating only two Myb residues that bind in or near a hotspot at the surface of p300 KIX , it is possible to obtain single-digit nanomolar peptidic inhibitors of the Myb/p300 KIX interaction that bind 400-fold tighter to p300 KIX than wildtype Myb. These findings suggest that it might also be possible to design potent low molecular-weight compounds to disrupt the Myb/p300 KIX interaction.
Published: 2023
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142. The most common linkers in bioactive molecules and their bioisosteric replacement network.

Author: Ertl P, Altmann E, and Racine S
Subjects: Drug Design, Chemistry, Pharmaceutical
Abstract: Structures of the large majority of bioactive molecules are composed of several rings that are decorated by substituents and connected by linkers. While numerous cheminformatics studies focusing on rings and substituents are available, practically nothing has been published about the third important structural constituent of bioactive molecules - the linkers. The current study attempts to fill this gap. The most common linkers present in bioactive molecules are identified, their properties analyzed and a method for linker similarity search introduced. The bioisosteric replacement network of linkers is generated based on a large corpus of structure-activity data from medicinal chemistry literature. The results are presented in a graphical form and the underlying data are also made available for download. This analysis is intended to help medicinal chemists to better understand the role of linkers, particularly heterocyclic rings in bioactive molecules and to select an optimal set of linkers in their future project., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2023
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143. Ring replacement recommender: Ring modifications for improving biological activity.

Author: Ertl P, Altmann E, Racine S, and Lewis R
Subjects: Databases, Factual, Structure-Activity Relationship, Chemistry, Pharmaceutical, Drug Design
Abstract: Analysis of structure-activity data from a large corpus of medicinal chemistry literature identified a set of ring replacements that have a significant chance of improved biological activity. A database of these replacements for 245 common heterocyclic rings is provided. Based on the analysis of the whole data set, 80 diverse substituted rings are suggested for use in an early stage of hit optimization and in the design of focused libraries with the goal to explore structure-activity relationships and quickly improve the biological activity of the explored series. An easy to use Ring Replacement Recommender web tool, allowing medicinal chemists to interactively explore the recommended ring substitutions, is available at https://bit.ly/ringreplacement., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2022
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144. Discovery of Potent, Highly Selective, and In Vivo Efficacious, Allosteric MALT1 Inhibitors by Iterative Scaffold Morphing.

Author: Pissot Soldermann C, Simic O, Renatus M, Erbel P, Melkko S, Wartmann M, Bigaud M, Weiss A, McSheehy P, Endres R, Santos P, Blank J, Schuffenhauer A, Bold G, Buschmann N, Zoller T, Altmann E, Manley PW, Dix I, Buchdunger E, Scesa J, Quancard J, Schlapbach A, Bornancin F, Radimerski T, and Régnier CH
Subjects: Animals, Antineoplastic Agents chemical synthesis, Antineoplastic Agents pharmacology, Antineoplastic Agents therapeutic use, Caspase Inhibitors chemical synthesis, Caspase Inhibitors pharmacology, Drug Discovery, Female, Humans, Immunity, Humoral drug effects, Male, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Molecular Structure, Pyrazoles chemical synthesis, Pyrazoles pharmacology, Pyrazoles therapeutic use, Pyrimidines chemical synthesis, Pyrimidines pharmacology, Pyrimidines therapeutic use, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Structure-Activity Relationship, T-Lymphocytes drug effects, Urea pharmacology, Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays, Caspase Inhibitors therapeutic use, Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma Translocation 1 Protein antagonists & inhibitors, Neoplasms drug therapy, Urea analogs & derivatives, Urea therapeutic use
Abstract: MALT1 plays a central role in immune cell activation by transducing NF-κB signaling, and its proteolytic activity represents a key node for therapeutic intervention. Two cycles of scaffold morphing of a high-throughput biochemical screening hit resulted in the discovery of MLT-231, which enabled the successful pharmacological validation of MALT1 allosteric inhibition in preclinical models of humoral immune responses and B-cell lymphomas. Herein, we report the structural activity relationships (SARs) and analysis of the physicochemical properties of a pyrazolopyrimidine-derived compound series. In human T-cells and B-cell lymphoma lines, MLT-231 potently and selectively inhibits the proteolytic activity of MALT1 in NF-κB-dependent assays. Both in vitro and in vivo profiling of MLT-231 support further optimization of this in vivo tool compound toward preclinical characterization.
Published: 2020
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145. Structure-Based Design and Preclinical Characterization of Selective and Orally Bioavailable Factor XIa Inhibitors: Demonstrating the Power of an Integrated S1 Protease Family Approach.

Author: Lorthiois E, Roache J, Barnes-Seeman D, Altmann E, Hassiepen U, Turner G, Duvadie R, Hornak V, Karki RG, Schiering N, Weihofen WA, Perruccio F, Calhoun A, Fazal T, Dedic D, Durand C, Dussauge S, Fettis K, Tritsch F, Dentel C, Druet A, Liu D, Kirman L, Lachal J, Namoto K, Bevan D, Mo R, Monnet G, Muller L, Zessis R, Huang X, Lindsley L, Currie T, Chiu YH, Fridrich C, Delgado P, Wang S, Hollis-Symynkywicz M, Berghausen J, Williams E, Liu H, Liang G, Kim H, Hoffmann P, Hein A, Ramage P, D'Arcy A, Harlfinger S, Renatus M, Ruedisser S, Feldman D, Elliott J, Sedrani R, Maibaum J, and Adams CM
Subjects: Administration, Oral, Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Biological Availability, Dogs, Drug Evaluation, Preclinical methods, Humans, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Rats, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Structure-Activity Relationship, Factor XIa antagonists & inhibitors, Factor XIa genetics, Factor Xa Inhibitors administration & dosage, Factor Xa Inhibitors chemistry
Abstract: The serine protease factor XI (FXI) is a prominent drug target as it holds promise to deliver efficacious anticoagulation without an enhanced risk of major bleeds. Several efforts have been described targeting the active form of the enzyme, FXIa. Herein, we disclose our efforts to identify potent, selective, and orally bioavailable inhibitors of FXIa. Compound 1 , identified from a diverse library of internal serine protease inhibitors, was originally designed as a complement factor D inhibitor and exhibited submicromolar FXIa activity and an encouraging absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) profile while being devoid of a peptidomimetic architecture. Optimization of interactions in the S1, S1β, and S1' pockets of FXIa through a combination of structure-based drug design and traditional medicinal chemistry led to the discovery of compound 23 with subnanomolar potency on FXIa, enhanced selectivity over other coagulation proteases, and a preclinical pharmacokinetics (PK) profile consistent with bid dosing in patients.
Published: 2020
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146. The Most Common Functional Groups in Bioactive Molecules and How Their Popularity Has Evolved over Time.

Author: Ertl P, Altmann E, and McKenna JM
Subjects: Chemistry, Pharmaceutical methods, Drug Design, Ligands, Molecular Structure, Small Molecule Libraries chemistry, Drug Discovery methods, Pharmaceutical Preparations chemistry
Abstract: The concept of functional groups (FGs), sets of connected atoms that can determine the intrinsic reactivity of the parent molecule and in part are responsible for the overall properties of the molecule, form a foundation within modern medicinal chemistry. In this Article, we analyze the occurrence of various FGs in molecules described in the medicinal chemistry literature over the last 40 years and show how their development and utilization over time has varied. The popularity of various FGs has not evolved randomly, but instead, clear patterns of use are evident. Various factors influencing these patterns, including the introduction of new synthetic methods, novel techniques, and strategies applied in drug discovery and the better knowledge of molecular properties affecting the success of candidate development, are discussed.
Published: 2020
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147. Experiences and decision making during paediatric transitions to continuous sub-cutaneous insulin infusion (CSII): A mixed method study.

Author: Altmann E, Stirling C, and Broad L
Abstract: Objectives: We aimed to improve the decision quality and outcomes for families with children or adolescents with diabetes considering continuous sub-cutaneous insulin infusion (CSII)., Methods: A mixed method study involved three focus groups with youth, parents and clinicians to provide experience information as background to the development of a decision aid (DA). A pre-test (T1) and post-test (T2) evaluation of the DA with a convenience sample of five families considering initiating CSII., Results: The focus group data showed that families found the move to CSII to be generally empowering with adolescents engaging with the technology quickly, and that experiential information from others was important in the process. Participants increased their knowledge and decreased decisional conflict after using the DA from T1 to T2. Preferred option measurement indicated that at T1, three participants were 'unsure' and two participants' preferred option was CSII. After exposure to the DA at T2, those who were previously unsure had a preferred option of CSII with a resulting five people with a preferred option of CSII., Conclusions: The results from this study suggest that transitioning to CSII for paediatric and adolescent patients and their carers may be assisted by a DA and that participants felt empowered to a make decision regarding CSII when using the PANDANI DA. The quasi-experimental design without randomisation or control group was a study limitation caused by the small number of participants. Expanding this pilot research into a randomised control trial would decrease the threat to validity from other possible explanations for the improvement in decisional conflict, such as nurse educators.
Published: 2018
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148. Structural Basis of Substrate Recognition and Covalent Inhibition of Cdu1 from Chlamydia trachomatis.

Author: Ramirez YA, Adler TB, Altmann E, Klemm T, Tiesmeyer C, Sauer F, Kathman SG, Statsyuk AV, Sotriffer C, and Kisker C
Subjects: Amino Acid Sequence, Catalytic Domain, Chlamydia trachomatis chemistry, Cysteine Endopeptidases chemistry, Deubiquitinating Enzymes chemistry, Fungal Proteins chemistry, Humans, Molecular Docking Simulation, Oligopeptides chemistry, Saccharomyces cerevisiae enzymology, Sequence Alignment, Substrate Specificity, Chlamydia trachomatis enzymology, Deubiquitinating Enzymes antagonists & inhibitors, Enzyme Inhibitors chemistry, Fungal Proteins antagonists & inhibitors, Pyrimidines chemistry
Abstract: Based on the similarity between the active sites of the deubiquitylating and deneddylating enzyme ChlaDub1 (Cdu1) and the evolutionarily related protease adenain, a target-hopping screening approach on a focused set of adenain inhibitors was investigated. The cyanopyrimidine-based inhibitors identified represent the first active-site-directed small-molecule inhibitors of Cdu1. High-resolution crystal structures of Cdu1 in complex with two covalently bound cyanopyrimidines, as well as with its substrate ubiquitin, were obtained. These structural data were complemented by enzymatic assays and covalent docking studies to provide insight into the substrate recognition of Cdu1, active-site pocket flexibility and potential hotspots for ligand interaction. Combined, these data provide a strong basis for future structure-guided medicinal chemistry optimization of this cyanopyrimidine scaffold into more potent and selective Cdu1 inhibitors., (© 2018 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)
Published: 2018
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149. Nursing students' preferences for clinical placements in the residential aged care setting.

Author: Lea E, Marlow A, Altmann E, and Courtney-Pratt H
Subjects: Humans, Qualitative Research, Attitude of Health Personnel, Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate organization & administration, Geriatric Nursing education, Homes for the Aged, Students, Nursing psychology
Abstract: Aims and Objectives: To examine nursing student placement preferences submitted as online comments to a university's placement management system, to inform strategies for positive residential aged care experiences., Background: There are predicted shortages of nurses to service an ageing population. Clinical placements undertaken by undergraduate nursing students help shape their attitudes and are a key determinant of career decision-making, yet there is little research about why students prefer particular placement areas., Design: Analysis of qualitative data from a placement management system., Methods: Of 6,610 comments received between 2007-2014, 607 related to aged care and were coded according to preferences for being placed in a residential aged care facility, with reasons for this preference thematically coded and quantified., Results: Four hundred and one comments (66.1%) related to students requesting not to be allocated residential aged care for the upcoming placement, primarily due to previous experience in the sector; 104 (17.1%) referred to aged care in a neutral manner, focusing on conflict of interest; 102 (16.8%) related to a request for an aged care placement., Conclusions: The student nurse comments characterise students as being focused on maximising their learning, while considering prior experience. In some cases, increased exposure to aged care is considered to offer limited learning opportunities, which is concerning and suggests that both the tertiary and aged care sectors have a joint responsibility to pursue recognition of aged care nursing as a specialised, highly skilled role., Relevance to Clinical Practice: Nursing programme providers should ensure curriculum content and exposure to aged care placement clearly identify the complexities of care and provide genuine opportunities for knowledge acquisition and skill development based on multifaceted resident care needs. This will support both those interested in a future aged care career and those undecided., (© 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
Published: 2018
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150. Azaindoles as Zinc-Binding Small-Molecule Inhibitors of the JAMM Protease CSN5.

Author: Altmann E, Erbel P, Renatus M, Schaefer M, Schlierf A, Druet A, Kieffer L, Sorge M, Pfister K, Hassiepen U, Jones M, Ruedisser S, Ostermeier D, Martoglio B, Jefferson AB, and Quancard J
Subjects: Binding Sites, COP9 Signalosome Complex genetics, COP9 Signalosome Complex metabolism, Catalytic Domain, Cell Proliferation drug effects, Crystallography, X-Ray, Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer, HCT116 Cells, Humans, Indoles chemistry, Indoles pharmacology, Molecular Docking Simulation, NEDD8 Protein chemistry, NEDD8 Protein metabolism, Protein Subunits antagonists & inhibitors, Protein Subunits genetics, Protein Subunits metabolism, RNA Interference, RNA, Small Interfering metabolism, S-Phase Kinase-Associated Proteins chemistry, S-Phase Kinase-Associated Proteins metabolism, Zinc chemistry, COP9 Signalosome Complex antagonists & inhibitors, Indoles metabolism, Zinc metabolism
Abstract: CSN5 is the zinc metalloprotease subunit of the COP9 signalosome (CSN), which is an important regulator of cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligases (CRLs). CSN5 is responsible for the cleavage of NEDD8 from CRLs, and blocking deconjugation of NEDD8 traps the CRLs in a hyperactive state, thereby leading to auto-ubiquitination and ultimately degradation of the substrate recognition subunits. Herein, we describe the discovery of azaindoles as a new class of CSN5 inhibitors, which interact with the active-site zinc ion of CSN5 through an unprecedented binding mode. The best compounds inhibited CSN5 with nanomolar potency, led to degradation of the substrate recognition subunit Skp2 in cells, and reduced the viability of HCT116 cells., (© 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)
Published: 2017
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