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Optical resonators are widely utilized to enhance light–matter interaction by focusing electromagnetic waves into deep sub-wavelength regions. Here, we first present a metallic bowtie split ring (BSR) optical resonator as an asymmetric light coupler for a terahertz (THz) graphene photothermoelectric (PTE) detector. The giant THz field enhancement in the slit region of BSR is mediated by two types of resonances: the inductor–capacitor (LC) and the dipole resonances, which greatly increase the THz absorption, resulting in the sensitivity improvement of the THz PTE detector. In detail, the LC and dipole resonant behaviors of BSR are systematically investigated in both theoretical and experimental aspects. Compared with the dipole resonance, the LC resonance leads to stronger electric field localization and enhancement. An optimized BSR is designed and integrated with a graphene THz PTE detector, and an ultrasensitive THz PTE response is demonstrated. At room temperature and in zero-bias mode, the key detection parameters—responsivity, sensitivity (noise-equivalent power), and speed—are 138 V/W, 25 pW/Hz1/2, and 3.7 µs, respectively. Our results indicate that the LC resonance supported by BSR can introduce strong local field enhancement, which is helpful for realizing high sensitivity THz detectors.

Quisqualis fructus (QF) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that it has a long history in the therapeutic field of killing parasites, eliminating accumulation, and stopping diarrhea. However, the therapeutic material basis of QF is remaining ambiguous nowadays. The geographical origin differences of QF are also usually ignored in the process of medication. In this study, the alcohol–aqueous soluble constituents in QF from different origins were systematically characterized and accurately measured by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) respectively. Chemometric analysis was performed for origin differentiation and screening of potential quality marker (Q-marker). Finally, A total of 106 constituents were tentatively characterized in positive and negative ion modes, including 29 fatty acids, 26 organic acids, 11 amino acids and derivatives, 10 glycosides, 9 alkaloids and derivatives, and 21 other constituents. QF from different origins were effectively distinguished and 16 constituents were selected as the potential Q-markers subsequently. Four representative components (trigonelline, adenosine, ellagic acid, and 3,3’-di-O-methylellagic acid) in QF samples were simultaneously determined. HPLC fingerprint analysis indicated that the similarity between 16 batches of QF was in the range of 0.870–0.999. The above results provide some insights for the research on the pharmacodynamic constituents, quality control, and geographical discrimination of QF.

A novel AlGaN/GaN HEMT is proposed to improve its single event transient (SET) effect and breakdown characteristics. The device features an AlGaN back barrier layer and a buried P-GaN island in the back barrier layer (BP-HEMT). First, the P-GaN island not only modulates the electric field distribution and reduces impact ionization at both the blocking state and after ion strike but also increases the hole-electron recombination rate. Therefore, it not only effectively increases the breakdown voltage (BV), but also improves the anti-SET performance owing to decreasing the current peak after ion strike. Second, the AlGaN back barrier confines electrons in the channel, and thus, on one hand, it is beneficial to the high saturation drain current (Id,sat) and low on-state resistance (Ron); on the other hand, it effectively prevents the electrons in the buffer layer introduced by ion strike from reaching the drain electrode both at the blocking state and after ion strike. The TCAD simulation results show that the SET peak drain current of the BP-HEMT is significantly dropped to 0.49 A/mm from 4.17 A/mm of the conventional HEMT with a linear energy transfer (LET) of 0.6 pC/μm, and the BV is significantly increased to 1318.3 V from 175.2 V, as well as the Ron decreases by 11.1%.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint disease in the elderly, while oxidative stress-induced chondrocyte degeneration plays a key role in the pathologic progression of OA. One possible reason is that the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which acts as the intracellular defense factor against oxidative stress, is significantly inhibited in chondrocytes. Spinosin (SPI) is a potent Nrf2 agonist, but its effect on OA is still unknown. In this study, we found that SPI can alleviate tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP)-induced extracellular matrix degradation of chondrocytes. Additionally, SPI can effectively activate Nrf2, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and NADPH quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) in chondrocytes under the TBHP environment. When Nrf2 was silenced by siRNA, the cartilage protective effect of SPI was also weakened. Finally, SPI showed good alleviative effects on OA in mice. Thus, SPI can ameliorate oxidative stress-induced chondrocyte dysfunction and exhibit a chondroprotective effect through activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, which may provide a novel and promising option for the treatment of OA.

为选择适宜的云南核桃油提取工艺，以云南主栽品种核桃为原料，分别采用液压压榨法、螺旋压榨法、水剂法制备核桃油，对比3种制油方式所得核桃油的理化指标、功能活性成分，并对比分析水剂法提取的3个云南主栽品种‘漾泡’‘三台’‘细香’核桃油与6个市售核桃油的功能活性成分。结果表明：水剂法、液压压榨法和螺旋压榨法核桃油的酸值、过氧化值、碘值、皂化值、水分及挥发物含量、脂肪酸组成及含量均符合国标要求；水剂法核桃油的α-生育酚、γ-生育酚、角鲨烯、 β-谷甾醇含量均高于液压压榨法和螺旋压榨法核桃油的；水剂法核桃油的α-生育酚、γ-生育酚、角鲨烯、 β-谷甾醇、褪黑素、 β-胡萝卜素含量均显著高于市售核桃油的。水剂法可得到品质较好、功能活性成分含量较高的核桃油，可用于云南主栽品种核桃油的提取。To select the appropriate extraction process of Yunnan walnut oil,with the main cultivars of walnut in Yunnan as raw materials, walnut oil was prepared by hydraulic pressing, screw pressing and aqueous method respectively, and the physicochemical indexes and functional active ingredients of walnut oil obtained by three oil production methods were compared. The functional active ingredients of walnut oil extracted by aqueous method from three main cultivars ‘Yangpao’‘Santai’ ‘Xixiang’ in Yunnan were compared with six commercial walnut oils. The results showed that the acid value, peroxide value, iodine value, saponification value, moisture and volatile matter content and fatty acid composition and content of the walnut oils extracted by aqueous method, hydraulic pressing and screw pressing were all in line with the requirements of the national standard. The contents of α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, squalene and β-sitosterol in walnut oil obtained by aqueous method were significantly higher than those in hydraulic pressed and screw pressed oils. The contents of α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, squalene, β-sitosterol, melatonin and β-carotene in walnut oil obtained by aqueous method were significantly higher than those in commercial walnut oils. Walnut oil with good quality and high functional active ingredients content can be obtained by aqueous method, and aqueous method can be used for the extraction of walnut oil from main cultivars in Yunnan.

Objective To explore the effects and mechanism of resistin-like molecules α(also known as FIZZ1) on the ability of mouse aortic endothelial cells to form new blood vessels. Methods Mouse was stimulated by FIZZ1 at 10 nmol/L,20 nmol/L and 40 nmol/L.The role of FIZZ1 in endothelial cell migration and blood vessel formation was verified by using endothelial cell tube formation experiments and endothelial cell migration experiments in vitro;The effect of FIZZ1on signaling in mouse aortic endothelial cells was detected by high-throughput sequencing,and pathways with significant differential expression signaling were selected. Results Under different concentrations of FIZZ1,the area of blood vessel formation in mouse aortic endothelial cells gradually increased,and 40 nmol/L FIZZ1/ RELMα had the strongest effect in promoting angiogenesis.With the increasing concentration of FIZZ1,the number of endothelial cells migrated increased,and the migration capacity gradually increased.A total of 1 253 genes were found to be differentially expressed,including 427 up-regulated genes and 826 down-regulated genes.The mechanism may be related to the significant expression difference of COL1A1,FLT 4 and ITGA 3. Conclusion FIZZ1 can induce neovascularization of mouse aortic endothelial cells in vitro,and its mechanism may be related to significant differences in gene expression such as COL1A1,FLT4,and ITGA3.

Abstract Background The problem of suicide has become increasingly common in individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD). Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is an effective treatment for MDD with 2 milliamperes (mA) for at least 30 min per day for 2 weeks. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of daily duration-doubled tDCS as an adjunctive intervention for rapidly reducing suicidal ideation and improving depression in MDD patients. Methods In this double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled study, 76 MDD patients with suicidal ideation are randomly assigned to either active (n=38) or sham (n=38) tDCS group. The anode and cathode are placed over the scalp areas corresponding to left and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), respectively, and each stimulation lasts for 60 min. The primary outcome is defined as change of Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSI) after 5 and 10 sessions. The change of other clinical assessments, blood biomarkers related to suicidal ideation and depressive sumptoms are defined as secondary outcomes. Blood biomarkers related to suicidal ideation are collected at baseline and after 10 sessions. Discussion This study suggests the adjunctive duration-doubled tDCS might be a novel method to rapidly reduce suicidal ideation and improve depressive symptom. The variation of biomarkers could be potential predictive models of suicide risk. Trial registration The trial protocol is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov under protocol registration number NCT05555927. Registered on September 25, 2022.

Abstract Simultaneously generating various motion modes with high strains in piezoelectric devices is highly desired for high-technology fields to achieve multi-functionalities. However, traditional approach for designing multi-degrees-of-freedom systems is to bond together several multilayer piezoelectric stacks, which generally leads to cumbersome and complicated structures. Here, we proposed a transparent piezo metasurface to achieve various types of strains in a wide frequency range. As an example, we designed a ten-unit piezo metasurface, which can produce high strains (ε 3 = 0.76%), and generate linear motions along X-, Y- and Z-axis, rotary motions around X-, Y- and Z-axis as well as coupled modes. An adaptive lens based on the proposed piezo metasurface was demonstrated. It can realize a wide range of focal length (35.82 cm ~ ∞) and effective image stabilization with relatively large displacements (5.05 μm along Y-axis) and tilt angles (44.02′ around Y-axis). This research may benefit the miniaturization and integration of multi-degrees-of-freedom systems.

为更好地开发利用油橄榄叶，提高云南引种油橄榄的经济附加值，采用生化法及高效液相色谱法测定云南引种的16个品种油橄榄嫩叶中总黄酮、总酚含量及黄酮类和多酚类成分的含量，并对多酚类成分进行聚类分析，筛选不同用途优良茶叶品种。结果表明：16个品种油橄榄嫩叶中总黄酮含量为66.66~117.39 mg/g，总酚含量为35.63~55.81 mg/g，总黄酮和总酚含量均较高的5个品种为柯基、鄂植8号、豆果、城固32和尖叶木樨榄；16个品种油橄榄嫩叶的黄酮类成分为槲皮素、木犀草素、芹菜素、木犀草苷，含量分别为242.17~5 447.71 μg/g、818.48~2 707.34 μg/g、40.29~1 241.30 μg/g和1.35～5.17 mg/g，主要多酚类物质为橄榄苦苷（4.22～26.00 mg/g）、山楂酸（4.19~11.44 mg/g），其次为羟基酪醇（998.08~6 164.13 μg/g）、红景天苷（189.16~7 940.99 μg/g），其他多酚类成分含量较低。经聚类分析，16个品种油橄榄嫩叶分为5个亚类。柯基、鄂植8号、豆果3个品种油橄榄嫩叶中总黄酮、总酚及多酚类成分含量均较高，可作为抗氧化功能茶原料进行开发。In order to better exploit and utilize olive leaves and improve the economic added value of olive introduced to Yunnan, the contents of total flavonoids and total phenols，and contents of flavonoids and polyphenols components in the tender leaves of 16 varieties of olive introduced to Yunnan were determined by biochemical method and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the polyphenols components were also clustered and analyzed to screen the good varieties for tea.The results showed that the total flavonoids content in tender leaves of olive ranged from 66.66 mg/g to 117.39 mg/g, and the total phenols content ranged from 35.63 mg/g to 55.81 mg/g. The 5 varieties with high total flavonoids and total phenols contents were Keji, Ezhi 8, Douguo, Chenggu 32 and Olea cuspidate Wall. The flavonoids in 16 varieties of olive tender leaves were quercetin, luteolin, apigenin and luteoloside with contents of 242.17-5 447.71 μg/g, 818.48-2 707.34 μg/g, 40.29-1 241.30 μg/g and 1.35-5.17 mg/g, respectively, and the main polyphenols were oleuropein (4.22-26.00 mg/g) and maslinic acid (4.19-11.44 mg/g), followed by hydroxytyrosol (998.08-6 164.13 μg/g), rhodioloside (189.16-7 940.99 μg/g), and other polyphenols components with lower content. After cluster analysis, 16 varieties of olive tender leaves were divided into 5 subcategories. The tender leaves of 3 olive varieties Keji, Ezhi 8 and Douguo have higher total flavonoids, total phenols, and polyphenols components, which can be developed as raw materials for tea with antioxidant function.

ABSTRACT: Objectives: The study aimed to characterize the quinolone resistance of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and its monophasic variant (Salmonella enterica serovar 1,4,[5],12:i:-) isolated from food and patients in China. Methods: All of the isolates were assessed for quinolone susceptibility via the broth microdilution method. Then, the isolates were checked for mutations within quinolone resistance-determining regions of gyrA, gyrB, parC, and parE and were examined for plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes. Results: High rates of resistance to nalidixic acid in the S. Typhimurium (70.7%) and S. 1,4,[5],12:i:- (41.9%) isolates were observed, and a considerable proportion of isolates with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin were also detected. The high frequency of mutations in GyrA (60.8%) and a variety of genes (aac[6′]-Ib-cr [23.2%], oqxAB [19.2%], qnrS [13.6%], and qnrA [3.2%]) conferring quinolone resistance in these Salmonella isolates were noteworthy. Lastly, the isolates carrying qnrS for transferability and transmission of the quinolone resistance were analysed by conjugation. Multiple locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis profiles indicated that some qnrS-positive isolates were clonally related, whilst the other isolates were genetically divergent. This suggested that both clonal spread of resistant strains and horizontal transmission of the plasmid-mediated resistance genes contributed to the dissemination of qnrS-positive Salmonella isolates. Conclusion: This study highlights the prevalence of quinolone-resistant S. Typhimurium and S. 1,4,[5],12:i:- in China, posing a threat to public health.

NH2-MIL-125(Ti) is a Ti-MOFs (MOFs: metal-organic frameworks) with high adsorption properties and is therefore widely used for wastewater purification. However, the powdered MOF material suffers from the disadvantages of being difficult to separate and being potentially wasted due to easy agglomeration, which limits its application in practical applications. Here, a mesoporous Ti-MOF/polymer (PEG, PVA, and PAM) monolithic material was prepared by freeze casting in liquid nitrogen (−196 °C) as an adsorbent for wastewater remediation. The composites could be easily picked up with tweezers and used for recovery tests. Characterization results such as XRD, BET, FT-IR, and SEM proved the successful synthesis of Ti-MOF/polymer. Adsorption tests using 100 mg/L methylene blue (MB) simulated wastewater showed that the Ti-MOF/PEG monolithic material had the best adsorption capacity. The order of adsorption was Ti-MOF@PEG10 (747.4 mg/g) > Ti-MOF@PVA10 (687.4 mg/g) > Ti-MOF@PAM10 (633.7 mg/g) > NH2-MIL-125(Ti) (571.4 mg/g). The effects of polymer dosage, different pollutants (methylene blue, methyl orange, indigo, actual textile wastewater), pH, anions, and cations on the adsorption effect of Ti-MOF/polymer were also investigated. It was demonstrated that all the above pollutants were well adsorbed by this Ti-MOF/polymer in the pH range 3–9. The adsorption isotherms and kinetic data are fully consistent with the Langmuir and pseudo-secondary models. This suggests that the adsorption between the pollutant and the adsorbent is a chemical interaction. Thermodynamic studies indicate that the adsorption process is exothermic and spontaneous. This work provides the potential methods to fabricate Ti-MOF/polymer monolith to avoid the pollution from powdery adsorbents that could be practical applications.

Abstract Background The advancement of single-cell sequencing has progressed our ability to solve biological questions. Cell type annotation is of vital importance to this process, allowing for the analysis and interpretation of enormous single-cell datasets. At present, however, manual cell annotation which is the predominant approach remains limited by both speed and the requirement of expert knowledge. Methods To address these challenges, we constructed a hierarchically organized marker map through manually curating over 26,000 cell marker entries from about 7000 publications. We then developed WISE, a weighted and integrated gene set enrichment method, to integrate the prevalence of canonical markers and ordered differentially expressed genes of specific cell types in the marker map. Benchmarking analysis suggested that our method outperformed state-of-the-art methods. Results By integrating the marker map and WISE, we developed a user-friendly and convenient web server, ACT ( http://xteam.xbio.top/ACT/ or http://biocc.hrbmu.edu.cn/ACT/ ), which only takes a simple list of upregulated genes as input and provides interactive hierarchy maps, together with well-designed charts and statistical information, to accelerate the assignment of cell identities and made the results comparable to expert manual annotation. Besides, a pan-tissue marker map was constructed to assist in cell assignments in less-studied tissues. Applying ACT to three case studies showed that all cell clusters were quickly and accurately annotated, and multi-level and more refined cell types were identified. Conclusions We developed a knowledge-based resource and a corresponding method, together with an intuitive graphical web interface, for cell type annotation. We believe that ACT, emerging as a powerful tool for cell type annotation, would be widely used in single-cell research and considerably accelerate the process of cell type identification.

Abstract We report a 36-year-old male patient died of V. vulnificus-induced septicaemia and multiple organ failure syndrome after oyster consumption at a restaurant. We isolated and identified V. vulnificus vv16015 from the patient’s blood sample and antibiotic susceptibility tests indicated sensitivity to all 21 antibiotics. Oyster samples were subsequently collected from the restaurant’s supplier and three strains of V. vulnificus were isolated. Whole genome sequencing and analysis revealed vv16015 to be distantly related to these strains and confirmed that V. vulnificus contamination was present in the seafood of the restaurant and supplier. Using a Galleria mellonella larvae infection model, the virulence of vv16015 was determined to be higher than that of comparison strains isolated from a surviving patient (vv15018) and an oyster (vv220015). The human and environment distribution of V. vulnificus in Shenzhen is sporadic and heterogeneous, and vv16015 is highly virulent compared to other strains.

In this paper, a novel AlGaN/GaN HEMT structure with a P-GaN buried layer in the buffer layer and a locally doped barrier layer under the gate (PN-HEMT) is proposed to enhance its resistance to single event transient (SET) effects while also overcoming the degradation of other characteristics. The device operation mechanism and characteristics are investigated by TCAD simulation. The results show that the peak electric field and impact ionization at the gate edges are reduced in the PN-HEMT due to the introduced P-GaN buried layer in the buffer layer. This leads to a decrease in the peak drain current (Ipeak) induced by the SET effect and an improvement in the breakdown voltage (BV). Additionally, the locally doped barrier layer provides extra electrons to the channel, resulting in higher saturated drain current (ID,sat) and maximum transconductance (gmax). The Ipeak of the PN-HEMT (1.37 A/mm) is 71.8% lower than that of the conventional AlGaN/GaN HEMT (C-HEMT) (4.85 A/mm) at 0.6 pC/µm. Simultaneously, ID,sat and BV are increased by 21.2% and 63.9%, respectively. Therefore, the PN-HEMT enhances the hardened SET effect of the device without sacrificing other key characteristics of the AlGaN/GaN HEMT.