Author: "Arizona State University [Tempe] ( ASU )" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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101. Immune function during pregnancy varies between ecologically distinct populations

Author: Hillard Kaplan, Aaron D. Blackwell, Amy S. Anderson, Benjamin C. Trumble, Michael Gurven, Jonathan Stieglitz, Carmen Hové, University of California [Santa Barbara] (UCSB), University of California, Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse (IAST), Chapman University, and Washington State University (WSU)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Population, Medicine (miscellaneous), Physiology, ecological immunology, Biology, fetal tolerance, Systemic inflammation, reproductive ecology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, Immunity, medicine, AcademicSubjects/MED00860, Tsimane, Original Research Article, education, B- ECONOMIE ET FINANCE, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 2. Zero hunger, Pregnancy, education.field_of_study, Fetus, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, AcademicSubjects/SCI01130, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, Gestation, medicine.symptom
Abstract: Background and objectives Among placental mammals, females undergo immunological shifts during pregnancy to accommodate the fetus (i.e. fetal tolerance). Fetal tolerance has primarily been characterized within post-industrial populations experiencing evolutionarily novel conditions (e.g. reduced pathogen exposure), which may shape maternal response to fetal antigens. This study investigates how ecological conditions affect maternal immune status during pregnancy by comparing the direction and magnitude of immunological changes associated with each trimester among the Tsimane (a subsistence population subjected to high pathogen load) and women in the USA. Methodology Data from the Tsimane Health and Life History Project (N = 935) and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (N = 1395) were used to estimate population-specific effects of trimester on differential leukocyte count and C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of systemic inflammation. Results In both populations, pregnancy was associated with increased neutrophil prevalence, reduced lymphocyte and eosinophil count and elevated CRP. Compared to their US counterparts, pregnant Tsimane women exhibited elevated lymphocyte and eosinophil counts, fewer neutrophils and monocytes and lower CRP. Total leukocyte count remained high and unchanged among pregnant Tsimane women while pregnant US women exhibited substantially elevated counts, resulting in overlapping leukocyte prevalence among all third-trimester individuals. Conclusions and implications Our findings indicate that ecological conditions shape non-pregnant immune baselines and the magnitude of immunological shifts during pregnancy via developmental constraints and current trade-offs. Future research should investigate how such flexibility impacts maternal health and disease susceptibility, particularly the degree to which chronic pathogen exposure might dampen inflammatory response to fetal antigens. Lay Summary This study compares immunological changes associated with pregnancy between the Tsimane (an Amazonian subsistence population) and individuals in the USA. Results suggest that while pregnancy enhances non-specific defenses and dampens both antigen-specific immunity and parasite/allergy response, ecological conditions strongly influence immune baselines and the magnitude of shifts during gestation.
Published: 2020
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102. Evolution of both host resistance and tolerance to an emerging bacterial pathogen

Author: Alastair J. Wilson, Luc Tardy, Geoffrey E. Hill, Kevin J. McGraw, Mathieu Giraudeau, Camille Bonneaud, Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Centre de Recherches Ecologiques et Evolutives sur le Cancer (MIVEGEC-CREEC), Processus Écologiques et Évolutifs au sein des Communautés (PEEC), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), and Auburn University (AU)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Mycoplasma gallisepticum, infectious disease, lcsh:Evolution, Virulence, Disease, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Immune system, Genetics, lcsh:QH359-425, Pathogen, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Coevolution, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, tolerance, biology, house finch, Inoculation, biology.organism_classification, virulence, Infectious disease (medical specialty), [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology
Abstract: Understanding how hosts minimize the cost of emerging infections has fundamental implications for epidemiological dynamics and the evolution of pathogen virulence. Despite this, few experimental studies in natural populations have tested whether, in response to disease emergence, hosts evolve resistance, which reduces pathogen load through immune activation, or tolerance, which limits somatic damages without decreasing pathogen load. Further, none has done so accounting for significant natural variation in pathogen virulence, despite known effects on host responses to infection. Here, we investigate whether eastern North American house finches (Haemorhous mexicanus) have evolved resistance and/or tolerance to their emerging bacterial pathogen, Mycoplasma gallisepticum. To do so, we inoculated finches from disease-exposed and disease-unexposed populations with 55 distinct isolates of varying virulence. First, although peak pathogen loads, which occurred approximately eight days postinoculation, did not differ between experimentally inoculated finches from disease-exposed versus unexposed population, pathogen loads subsequently decreased faster and to a greater extent in finches from exposed populations. These results suggest that finches from exposed populations are able to clear the infection through adaptive immune processes. Second, however, finches from exposed populations also displayed lower symptom severity for a given pathogen load, suggesting that a damage-limitation mechanism, or tolerance, has accompanied the evolution of immune clearance. Our results highlight that resistance and tolerance should be seen as complementary, not alternative, defense strategies: the evolution of resistance benefits from the concomitant evolution of tolerance mechanisms that protect against the damage of immune activation, whereas the evolution of tolerance without resistance will risk runaway selection on pathogen virulence.
Published: 2019
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103. When water interacts with temperature: Ecological and evolutionary implications of thermo‐hydroregulation in terrestrial ectotherms

Author: Simon Chamaillé-Jammes, Jean Clobert, Olivier Lourdais, Sandrine Meylan, Jean-François Le Galliard, Andréaz Dupoué, David Rozen-Rechels, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES (UMR_7618 / UMR_D_242 / UMR_A_1392 / UM_113) ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station d'écologie théorique et expérimentale (SETE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), CEREEP-Ecotron Ile de France (UMS 3194), Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), ESPE de Paris, Université Paris Sorbonne , Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Université Paris-Sorbonne - Paris 4 - École supérieure du professorat et de l'éducation - Académie de Paris (ESPE Paris), Université Paris-Sorbonne (UP4), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), ANR-16-CE02-0001,LANDTHIRST,Les paysages de la soif: changement climatique et ajustements comportementaux face au manque d'eau(2016), and ANR-17-CE02-0013,AQUATHERM,Rôles de la régulation hydrique et thermique dans les réponses écologiques au changement climatique(2017)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Resource (biology), Niche, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Water balance, water balance, behavioral decisions, lcsh:QH540-549.5, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, Nature and Landscape Conservation, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 0303 health sciences, Ecology, performance curves, Hypotheses, physiological adjustments, Thermoregulation, Optimality model, 13. Climate action, Ectotherm, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Biological dispersal, lcsh:Ecology, body temperature, Adaptive evolution
Abstract: International audience; The regulation of body temperature (thermoregulation) and of water balance (defined here as hydroregulation) are key processes underlying ecological and evolutionary responses to climate fluctuations in wild animal populations. In terrestrial (or semiterrestrial) ectotherms, thermoregulation and hydroregulation closely interact and combined temperature and water constraints should directly influence individual performances. Although comparative physiologists traditionally investigate jointly water and temperature regulation, the ecological and evolutionary implications of these coupled processes have so far mostly been studied independently. Here, we revisit the concept of thermo‐hydroregulation to address the functional integration of body temperature and water balance regulation in terrestrial ectotherms. We demonstrate how thermo‐hydroregulation provides a framework to investigate functional adaptations to joint environmental variation in temperature and water availability, and potential physiological and/or behavioral conflicts between thermoregulation and hydroregulation. We extend the classical cost–benefit model of thermoregulation in ectotherms to highlight the adaptive evolution of optimal thermo‐hydroregulation strategies. Critical gaps in the parameterization of this conceptual optimality model and guidelines for future empirical research are discussed. We show that studies of thermo‐hydroregulation refine our mechanistic understanding of physiological and behavioral plasticity, and of the fundamental niche of the species. This is illustrated with relevant and recent examples of space use and dispersal, resource‐based trade‐offs, and life‐history tactics in insects, amphibians, and nonavian reptiles.
Published: 2019
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104. The thermochronologic record of erosion and magmatism in the Canyonlands region of the Colorado Plateau

Author: Kendra E. Murray, Xavier Robert, Stuart N. Thomson, Kelin X. Whipple, Peter W. Reiners, University of Arizona, Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), and Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU)
Subjects: flare-up magmatism, (U-Th)/He age variability, [SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, Canyon, geography, Plateau, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Permian, Geochemistry, Colorado plateau, Colorado Plateau, erosion, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, apatite thermochronology, 13. Climate action, Magmatism, middle Cenozoic rock cooling introduction, Erosion, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Cenozoic, Geothermal gradient, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; The Cenozoic history of crustal deformation, surface uplift, and erosion of the central Colorado Plateau (southwestern USA) is distinct from and relatively poorly understood compared with surrounding regions in the North American Cordillera, including the Grand Canyon region and the southwestern Plateau margin. Here, we present new apatite thermochronologic results from Paleozoic-Mesozoic sandstones sampled in the Canyonlands region-the interior of the Colorado Plateau in southeastern Utah. The apatite (U-Th-Sm)/He (He) ages are highly dispersed, with both positive-slope and negative-slope age-effective U (eU) trends. Samples with apatite He results suitable for thermal history modeling are from the Abajo and La Sal mountains intrusive complexes and the Permian, Triassic, and Jurassic rocks sampled near the Colorado River at Lees Ferry, Arizona, and Hite, Utah. Samples with the richest thermal history information have positive-slope apatite He age-[eU] trends, with ages ca. 10 to 5 Ma at [eU] < 10 ppm and ca. 25 to 20 Ma at [eU] > 60 ppm. Modeled thermal histories that best predict this pattern require two periods of rock cooling: one during the middle Cenozoic ca. 30 to 20 Ma and the other since the latest Miocene ca. 6 Ma. The most recent cooling documents the transition from a slowly eroding Miocene landscape to recent rapid erosion that likely postdates 6 Ma and the integration of the modern Colorado River. Middle Cenozoic rock cooling can be attributed to either ϳ1 km of erosion between ca. 25 and 15 Ma, as previous workers have suggested in other parts of the Colorado Plateau region, or relaxation of a geothermal gradient transiently doubled by magmatism associated with the vigorous magmatic flare-up that swept through the region ca. 34 to 20 Ma. The ambiguity of using middle Cenozoic rock cooling as a proxy for erosion in this region means that this event should be described using a nongenetic term: the Middle Cenozoic Cooling Event.
Published: 2019
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105. Best practices for the use of meteorite names in publications

Author: Heck, Philipp R., Herd, Christopher, Grossman, Jeffrey N., Badjukov, Dmitry, Bouvier, Audrey, Bullock, Emma, Chennaoui-Aoudjehane, Hasnaa, Debaille, Vinciane, Dunn, Tasha L., Ebel, Denton S., Ferriere, Ludovic, Garvie, Laurence, Gattacceca, Jerome, Gounelle, Matthieu, Herd, Richard, Ireland, Trevor, Jacquet, Emmanuel, Macke, Robert J., McCoy, Tim, McCubbin, Francis M., Mikouchi, Takashi, Metzler, Knut, Roskosz, Mathieu, Smith, Caroline, Wadhwa, Meenakshi, Welzenbach-Fries, Linda, Yamaguchi, Akira, Zeigler, Ryan A., Zolensky, Michael, Yada, Toru, NASA Headquarters, Laboratoire de Sciences de la Terre (LST), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), American Museum of Natural History, American Museum of Natural History (AMNH), Natural History Museum [Vienna] (NHM), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Australian National University (ANU), Department of Earth and Planetary Science [Tokyo], Graduate School of Science [Tokyo], The University of Tokyo (UTokyo)-The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Institut für Planetologie [Münster], Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU), Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center for Meteorite Studies [Tempe], Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), National Institute of Polar Research [Tokyo] (NiPR), Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science (ARES), NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA-NASA, Field Museum of Natural History [Chicago, USA], University of Chicago, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences [Edmonton], University of Alberta, Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry (GEOKHI), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Bavarian Research Institute of Experimental Geochemistry and Geophysics (Bayerisches Geoinstitut), Universität Bayreuth, Carnegie Institution for Science, Department of Earth Sciences [Casablanca], Faculté des Sciences Aïn Chock [Casablanca] (FSAC), Université Hassan II [Casablanca] (UH2MC)-Université Hassan II [Casablanca] (UH2MC), Laboratoire Géochimie, Traçage Isotopique, Minéral et élémentaire - G-Time (Bruxelles, Belgium), Colby College, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Retired, Research School of Earth Sciences [Canberra] (RSES), Specola Vaticana/Vatican Observatory, Department of Mineral Sciences [Washington], Smithsonian Institution, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster = University of Münster (WWU), The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), School of Geographical and Earth Sciences [Univ Glasgow], University of Glasgow, Planetary Science Institute [Tucson] (PSI), Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency [Sagamihara] (JAXA), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire de minéralogie du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (LMMNHN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The University of Tokyo, and Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: History, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Best practice, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Library science, Généralités, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Sciences de la terre et du cosmos, Geophysics, Meteorite, Space and Planetary Science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: This document contains suggestions for best practices by authors who refer to meteorites in publications. It can also be taken as a guide for publishers in establishing guidelines for authors. The following best practices are recommended in addition to acknowledging the loaning institution or loaning individual (unless required otherwise). The main motivations are to: help ensure that research on meteorites is reproducible, prevent confusion in the literature, and enhance tracking of specimens and related data., SCOPUS: le.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2019
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106. Craters, boulders and regolith of (101955) Bennu indicative of an old and dynamic surface

Author: Walsh, KJ, Jawin, ER, Ballouz, R-L, Barnouin, OS, Bierhaus, EB, Jr, CHC, Molaro, JL, McCoy, TJ, Delbo', M, Hartzell, CM, Pajola, M, Schwartz, SR, Trang, D, Asphaug, E, Becker, KJ, Beddingfield, CB, Bennett, CA, Bottke, WF, Burke, KN, Clark, BC, Daly, MG, Dellagiustina, DN, Dworkin, JP, Elder, CM, Golish, DR, Hildebrand, AR, Malhotra, R, Marshall, J, Michel, P, Nolan, MC, Perry, ME, Rizk, B, Ryan, A, Sandford, SA, Scheeres, DJ, Susorney, HCM, Thuillet, F, Lauretta, DS, Highsmith, DE, Small, J, Vokrouhlicky, D, Bowles, NE, Brown, E, Hanna, KLD, Warren, T, Brunet, C, Chicoine, RA, Desjardins, S, Gaudreau, D, Haltigin, T, Millington-Veloza, S, Rubi, A, Aponte, J, Gorius, N, Lunsford, A, Allen, B, Grindlay, J, Guevel, D, Hoak, D, Hong, J, Schrader, DL, Bayron, J, Golubov, O, Sanchez, P, Stromberg, J, Hirabayashi, M, Oliver, S, Rascon, M, Harch, A, Joseph, J, Squyres, S, Richardson, D, Emery, JP, McGraw, L, Ghent, R, Binzel, RP, Asad, MM, Johnson, CL, Philpott, L, Cloutis, EA, Hanna, RD, Ciceri, F, Ibrahim, E-M, Breitenfeld, L, Glotch, T, Rogers, AD, Clark, BE, Ferrone, S, Thomas, CA, Campins, H, Fernandez, Y, Chang, W, Cheuvront, A, Tachibana, S, Yurimoto, H, Brucato, JR, Poggiali, G, Dotto, E, Epifani, EM, Crombie, MK, Lantz, C, Izawa, MRM, De Leon, J, Licandro, J, Garcia, JLR, Clemett, S, Thomas-Keprta, K, Van Wal, S, Yoshikawa, M, Bellerose, J, Bhaskaran, S, Boyles, C, Chesley, SR, Farnocchia, D, Harbison, A, Kennedy, B, Knight, A, Martinez-Vlasoff, N, Mastrodemos, N, McElrath, T, Owen, W, Park, R, Rush, B, Swanson, L, Takahashi, Y, Velez, D, Yetter, K, Thayer, C, Adam, C, Antreasian, P, Bauman, J, Bryan, C, Carcich, B, Corvin, M, Geeraert, J, Hoffman, J, Leonard, JM, Lessac-Chenen, E, Levine, A, McAdams, J, McCarthy, L, Nelson, D, Page, B, Pelgrift, J, Sahr, E, Stakkestad, K, Stanbridge, D, Wibben, D, Williams, B, Williams, K, Wolff, P, Hayne, P, Kubitschek, D, Barucci, MA, Deshapriya, JDP, Fornasier, S, Fulchignoni, M, Hasselmann, P, Merlin, F, Praet, A, Billett, O, Boggs, A, Buck, B, Carlson-Kelly, S, Cerna, J, Chaffin, K, Church, E, Coltrin, M, Daly, J, Deguzman, A, Dubisher, R, Eckart, D, Ellis, D, Falkenstern, P, Fisher, A, Fisher, ME, Fleming, P, Fortney, K, Francis, S, Freund, S, Gonzales, S, Haas, P, Hasten, A, Hauf, D, Hilbert, A, Howell, D, Jaen, F, Jayakody, N, Jenkins, M, Johnson, K, Lefevre, M, Ma, H, Mario, C, Martin, K, May, C, McGee, M, Miller, B, Miller, C, Miller, G, Mirfakhrai, A, Muhle, E, Norman, C, Olds, R, Parish, C, Ryle, M, Schmitzer, M, Sherman, P, Skeen, M, Susak, M, Sutter, B, Tran, Q, Welch, C, Witherspoon, R, Wood, J, Zareski, J, Arvizu-Jakubicki, M, Audi, E, Bandrowski, R, Becker, TL, Bendall, S, Bloomenthal, H, Blum, D, Boynton, WV, Brodbeck, J, Chojnacki, M, Colpo, A, Contreras, J, Cutts, J, D'Aubigny, CYD, Dean, D, Diallo, B, Drinnon, D, Drozd, K, Enos, HL, Enos, R, Fellows, C, Ferro, T, Fisher, MR, Fitzgibbon, G, Fitzgibbon, M, Forelli, J, Forrester, T, Galinsky, I, Garcia, R, Gardner, A, Habib, N, Hamara, D, Hammond, D, Hanley, K, Harshman, K, Hergenrother, CW, Herzog, K, Hill, D, Hoekenga, C, Hooven, S, Howell, ES, Huettner, E, Janakus, A, Jones, J, Kareta, TR, Kidd, J, Kingsbury, K, Balram-Knutson, SS, Koelbel, L, Kreiner, J, Lambert, D, Lewin, C, Lovelace, B, Loveridge, M, Lujan, M, Maleszewski, CK, Marchese, K, McDonough, E, Mogk, N, Morrison, V, Morton, E, Munoz, R, Nelson, J, Padilla, J, Pennington, R, Polit, A, Ramos, N, Reddy, V, Riehl, M, Roper, HL, Salazar, S, Selznick, S, Shultz, N, Smith, PH, Stewart, S, Sutton, S, Swindle, T, Tang, YH, Westermann, M, Wolner, CWV, Worden, D, Zega, T, Zeszut, Z, Bjurstrom, A, Bloomquist, L, Dickinson, C, Keates, E, Liang, J, Nifo, V, Taylor, A, Teti, F, Caplinger, M, Bowles, H, Carter, S, Dickenshied, S, Doerres, D, Fisher, T, Hagee, W, Hill, J, Miner, M, Noss, D, Piacentine, N, Smith, M, Toland, A, Wren, P, Bernacki, M, Munoz, DP, Watanabe, S-I, Aqueche, A, Ashman, B, Barker, M, Bartels, A, Berry, K, Bos, B, Burns, R, Calloway, A, Carpenter, R, Castro, N, Cosentino, R, Donaldson, J, Cook, JE, Emr, C, Everett, D, Fennell, D, Fleshman, K, Folta, D, Gallagher, D, Garvin, J, Getzandanner, K, Glavin, D, Hull, S, Hyde, K, Ido, H, Ingegneri, A, Jones, N, Kaotira, P, Lim, LF, Liounis, A, Lorentson, C, Lorenz, D, Lyzhoft, J, Mazarico, EM, Mink, R, Moore, W, Moreau, M, Mullen, S, Nagy, J, Neumann, G, Nuth, J, Poland, D, Reuter, DC, Rhoads, L, Rieger, S, Rowlands, D, Sallitt, D, Scroggins, A, Shaw, G, Simon, AA, Swenson, J, Vasudeva, P, Wasser, M, Zellar, R, Grossman, J, Johnston, G, Morris, M, Wendel, J, Burton, A, Keller, LP, McNamara, L, Messenger, S, Nakamura-Messenger, K, Nguyen, A, Righter, K, Queen, E, Bellamy, K, Dill, K, Gardner, S, Giuntini, M, Key, B, Kissell, J, Patterson, D, Vaughan, D, Wright, B, Gaskell, RW, Le Corre, L, Li, J-Y, Palmer, EE, Siegler, MA, Tricarico, P, Weirich, JR, Zou, X-D, Ireland, T, Tait, K, Bland, P, Anwar, S, Bojorquez-Murphy, N, Christensen, PR, Haberle, CW, Mehall, G, Rios, K, Franchi, I, Rozitis, B, Brack, DN, French, AS, McMahon, JW, Russell, S, Killgore, M, Hamilton, VE, Kaplan, HH, Bandfield, JL, Chodas, M, Lambert, M, Masterson, RA, Freemantle, J, Seabrook, JA, Craft, K, Daly, RT, Ernst, C, Espiritu, RC, Holdridge, M, Jones, M, Nair, AH, Nguyen, L, Peachey, J, Plescia, J, Roberts, JH, Steele, R, Turner, R, Backer, J, Edmundson, K, Mapel, J, Milazzo, M, Sides, S, Manzoni, C, May, B, Delbo, M, Libourel, G, Marty, B, Team, O-R, Centro di Ateneo di Studi e Attività Spaziali 'Giuseppe Colombo' (CISAS), Universita degli Studi di Padova, Laboratoire de Géophysique Interne et Tectonophysique (LGIT), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC)-Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), ASU School of Earth and Space Exploration (SESE), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), IHU-LIRYC, Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Dairy Research Institute, SETI Institute, Institute of Northern Engineering, 455 Duckering Bldg, Lunar and Planetary Laboratory [Tucson] (LPL), University of Arizona, Centre de Mise en Forme des Matériaux (CEMEF), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-PSL Research University (PSL)-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-15-IDEX-0001,UCA JEDI,Idex UCA JEDI(2015)
Subjects: Near-Earth object, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Mass movement, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Geomorphology, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Billion years, Regolith, Astrobiology, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Asteroids comets and Kuiper belt, Impact crater, Asteroid, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Asteroid belt, Early solar system, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: 著者人数: 38名ほか (The OSIRIS-REx Team: 所属. 宇宙航空研究開発機構宇宙科学研究所(JAXA)(ISAS): Van wal, S; 吉川, 真; 渡邊, 誠一郎), Number of authors: 38 and The OSIRIS-REx Team (Affiliation. Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency(JAXA)(ISAS): Van wal, S; Yoshikawa, Makoto; Watanabe, Sei-icihro), Accepted: 2019-02-11, 資料番号: SA1190038000
Published: 2019
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107. Calcium isotopic signatures of carbonatite and silicate metasomatism, melt percolation and crustal recycling in the lithospheric mantle

Author: Oleg O.B. Oleinikov, Dmitri A. Ionov, Fang Huang, Ariel D. Anbar, Yuhan Qi, Jin-Ting Kang, Zhaofeng Zhang, Alexander V. Golovin, Wang Zheng, Géosciences Montpellier, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hefei University of Technology (HFUT), Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy [Novosibirsk], Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Siberian Branch Russian Academy of Sciences, Koptyuga 3, Yakutsk, Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), and Chinese Academy of Sciences
Subjects: Carbonate, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geochemistry, Crustal recycling, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Mantle (geology), chemistry.chemical_compound, Isotope fractionation, Metasomatism, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Geochemistry and Petrology, Xenolith, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Peridotite, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ca isotopes, Silicate, Craton, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Lithospheric mantle, Geology
Abstract: International audience; Ca isotopes can be strongly fractionated at the Earth’s surface and thus may be tracers of subducted carbonates and other Ca-rich surface materials in mantle rocks, magmas and fluids. However, the δ44/40Ca range in the mantle and the scope of intra-mantle isotope fractionation are poorly constrained. We report Ca isotope analyses for 22 mantle xenoliths: four basalt-hosted refractory peridotites from Tariat in Mongolia and 18 samples from the Obnazhennaya (Obn) kimberlite on the NE Siberian craton. Obn peridotites are Paleoproterozoic to Archean melting residues metasomatised by carbonate-rich and/or silicate melts including unique xenoliths that contain texturally equilibrated carbonates. δ44/40Ca in 15 Obn xenoliths shows limited variation (0.74–0.97‰) that overlaps the value (0.94 ± 0.05‰) inferred for the bulk silicate Earth from data on fertile lherzolites, but is lower than δ44/40Ca for non-metasomatised refractory peridotites from Mongolia (1.10 ± 0.03‰). Bulk δ44/40Ca in four Obn peridotites containing metasomatic carbonates ranges from 0.81 ± 0.08‰ to 0.83 ± 0.06‰, with similar values in acid-leachates and leaching residues, indicating isotopic equilibration of the carbonates with host rocks.We infer that (a) metasomatism tends to decrease δ44/40Ca values of the mantle, but its effects are usually limited (≤0.3‰); (b) Ca isotopes cannot distinguish “carbonatite” and “silicate” types of mantle metasomatism. The lowest δ44/40Ca value (0.56‰) was obtained for a phlogopite-bearing Obn peridotite with a very high Ca/Al of 8 suggesting that the greatest metasomatism-induced Ca isotope shifts may be seen in rocks initially low in Ca that experienced significant Ca input leading to high Ca/Al. Two Obn peridotites, a dunite (melt channel material) and a veined spinel wehrlite, have high δ44/40Ca values (1.22‰ and 1.38‰), which may be due to isotope fractionation by diffusion during silicate melt intrusion and percolation in the host mantle. Overall, we find no evidence that recycling of crustal carbonates may greatly affect Ca isotope values in the global mantle or on a regional scale.
Published: 2019
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108. May water matrix components limit real application of electrochemical reduction of nitrate?

Author: Fajardo, Ana S., Atrashkevich, Aksana, Westerhoff, Paul, Sánchez-Sánchez, Carlos, Garcia-Segura, Sergi, Laboratoire Interfaces et Systèmes Electrochimiques (LISE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, and Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU)
Subjects: [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021

109. Feasibility study of a field survey to measure antimicrobial usage in humans and animals in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam

Author: Nguyen Phuong Cam Ly, Nguyen Thi Bich Van, Doan Hoang Phu, Marc Choisy, Nguyen Van Cuong, Pawin Padungtod, Guy E. Thwaites, Vo Be Hien, Juan Carrique-Mas, Bach Tuan Kiet, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit [Ho Chi Minh City] (OUCRU), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie] (FAO), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), and Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Veterinary medicine, education.field_of_study, Immunology, Population, Small sample, Total body, Biology, Field survey, Antimicrobial, Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, One Health, Antimicrobial use, AcademicSubjects/MED00290, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Immunology and Allergy, AcademicSubjects/MED00740, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Original Article, Mekong delta, education, AcademicSubjects/MED00230
Abstract: BackgroundDevelopment of antimicrobial use (AMU) surveillance systems in humans and animals is a priority for many low- and middle-income countries; however accurate estimations are hampered by a diversity of animal production systems and metrics. The Mekong Delta region of Vietnam is a ‘hotspot’ of antimicrobial resistance and is home to a high density of humans and animal populations.ObjectivesTo measure and compare AMU using different metrics (standing population, biomass and population correction unit) in the Mekong Delta, and to explore the potential of field-based data collection methods in the design of AMU surveillance systems.MethodsWe collected AMU data from humans and animals (chickens, ducks, Muscovy ducks, pigs) from 101 small-scale farms in the Mekong Delta over a fixed period (90 days in humans, 7 days in animals).ResultsHumans used 7.1 DDDkg, or 175.9 mg of antimicrobial active ingredients (AAIs) per kg of standing body mass annually; animals consumed 60.9 ADDkg or 1324 mg. In the Mekong Delta humans represented 79.3% of the total body mass but consumed 29.6% of AAIs by weight. AAIs regarded of critical importance by WHO represented 56.9% and 50.2% of doses consumed by animals and humans, respectively.ConclusionsUsing a One Health approach, we show that AMU can potentially be estimated from cross-sectional surveys, although results are hypothetical due to small sample size and are sensitive to the chosen population denominator. The methodology proposed here can potentially be scaled up be applied to design AMU surveillance in low-resource settings, allowing AMU reduction efforts to be focused on particular animal species.
Published: 2021
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110. Leaf vein density enhances vascular redundancy instead of carbon uptake at the expense of increasing water leaks in oaks

Author: José Javier Peguero-Pina, Víctor Resco de Dios, Michael J. Aspinwall, Eustaquio Gil-Pelegrín, Chris J. Blackman, Elena Granda, Domingo Sancho-Knapik, David Alonso-Forn, David G. Williams, Southwest University of Science and Technology [Mianyang] (SWUST), Unidad de Recursos Forestales, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria, Universidad de Zaragossa, Auburn University (AU), Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l’Arbre en environnement Fluctuant (PIAF), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), School of Earth and Space Exploration [Tempe] (SESE), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Departamento Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Universidad de Alcalá - University of Alcalá (UAH), and Spanish Government - European Commission / RTI2018-094691-B-C31National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) / 31850410483talent proposals in Sichuan Province / 2020JDRC0065Southwest University of Science and Technology / 18ZX7131MCIU/AEI/FEDER,UE / IJCI-201732511Instituto de Investigacion Agropecuaria (INIA) / BES-2017-081208 & RTA2015-00054C02-01MCIU / PID2019-106701RR-I00Gobierno de Aragon / H09_20RUnited States Department of Agriculture (USDA) / 2019-67013-33895
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Plant growth, Secondary growth, Plant Science, Leaf water, Correlated evolution, Nocturnal, Biology, Photosynthesis, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Oaks, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Cuticular conductance, Trait coordination, Carbon uptake, fungi, Conductance, food and beverages, 15. Life on land, 030104 developmental biology, Agronomy, Leaf vein density, Resource use, Nocturnal conductance, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Predicting plant growth from functional traits has been a long-term goal of experimental botany. Early studies considered that resource traits align across a single axis, from high to low growth rates. The drivers of nocturnal and cuticular leaf conductances have received much recent attention, but how they align with other functional traits along axes of resource use remains to be investigated. Here we examined correlated evolution of secondary growth, leaf economic, stomatal, venation and gas exchange traits across 12 Quercus species growing in a common garden. Variation in growth correlated with variation in assimilation and nocturnal conductance (gn). Our observations are consistent with the hypothesis of a negative relationship between SLA and leaf vein density (VLAall) within oaks, indicating that increased VLAall is a strategy to enhance leaf vascular redundancy against stress or perturbation as the degree of sclerophylly increases. gn was negatively correlated with growth and decoupled from daytime conductance and photosynthesis. gn seemed to be a passive process in this genus, apparently driven by enhanced water supply that results from increased VLAall. We also observed a positive relationship between leaf vein density and cuticular conductance, indicating that increasing VLAall may incur significant water costs under strong drought.
Published: 2021
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111. Dominance style is a key predictor of vocal use and evolution across nonhuman primates

Author: Samantha J. Green, Daria Valente, Zarin P. Machanda, Erica van de Waal, Joan B. Silk, Christopher Young, Daniela Hedwig, Klaus Zuberbühler, Oliver Schülke, Lindsey Hagberg, Sally E. Street, Anna Zanoli, Mary S. M. Pavelka, Martha M. Robbins, Martin N. Muller, Chloe Chen-Kraus, Roberta Salmi, Barbara Fruth, Cristina Giacoma, Isaac Schamberg, Michelle Brown, Louise Peckre, Fredy Quintero, Richard W. Wrangham, Andrew J. J. MacIntosh, Shreejata Gupta, Gillian King-Bailey, Felix O. Angwela, Eithne Kavanagh, Stuart Semple, Zanna Clay, Melissa Emery Thompson, Claudia Wilke, Camille Coye, Julia Ostner, Cyril C. Grueter, Marco Gamba, Raffaella Ventura, Margarita Briseño-Jaramillo, Hugh Notman, Sophie Marshall, Jérôme Micheletta, Thore J. Bergman, Bonaventura Majolo, Anna H. Weyher, Megan Petersdorf, Valérie A. M. Schoof, Gabriel Ramos-Fernández, Maryjka B. Blaszczyk, Kirsty E. Graham, Adriano R. Lameira, Morgan L. Gustison, Alban Lemasson, Karim Ouattara, Alejandro Estrada, Laura M. Bolt, David Macgregor Inglis, Peter M. Kappeler, Valeria Torti, Claudia Fichtel, Barbora Kuběnová, Stéphanie Mercier, J. Roberto Sosa-López, Katharine M. Jack, Katie E. Slocombe, University of York [York, UK], Nottingham Trent University, Durham University, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, University of Texas at Austin [Austin], University of Waterloo [Waterloo], Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), University of California [Santa Barbara] (UCSB), University of California, Yale University [New Haven], University of Exeter, Ethologie animale et humaine (EthoS), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), No funding was provided specifically for the current paper, but funding which supported data collection at field sites is acknowledged in electronic supplementary material, S11., University of St Andrews. School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews. Institute of Behavioural and Neural Sciences, University of St Andrews. Centre for Social Learning & Cognitive Evolution, Mountains of the Moon University, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), University of California [Santa Barbara] (UC Santa Barbara), University of California (UC), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], German Primate Center - Deutsches Primatenzentrum -- Leibniz Insitute for Primate Research -- [Göttingen, Allemagne] (GPC - DPZ), Liverpool John Moores University (LJMU), Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), School of Psychology and Neuroscience [University of St. Andrews], University of St Andrews [Scotland], The University of Western Australia (UWA), Harvard University, Cornell University [New York], Tulane University, Kyoto University, University of Roehampton, United Kingdom, Tufts University [Medford], University of Lincoln, Université de Neufchätel (UNIME), University of Portsmouth, Athabasca University (AU), Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Cote d'Ivoire [Abidjan] (CSRS-CI), University of Calgary, New York University [New York] (NYU), NYU System (NYU), Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, University of Georgia [USA], Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Instituto Politecnico Nacional [Mexico] (IPN), Abertay University (Abertay University), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), University of Massachusetts [Amherst] (UMass Amherst), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), University of Pretoria [South Africa], and University of Lethbridge
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Science, Basic Behavioral and Social Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Key (music), Style (sociolinguistics), social behaviour, [SCCO]Cognitive science, biology.animal, ddc:570, Behavioral and Social Science, dominance style, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Animal communication, Primate, 050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology, Research Articles, Sociality, QL, Multidisciplinary, biology, communication, QH, Repertoire, 05 social sciences, DAS, QL Zoology, sociality, vocal, C800 Psychology, vocal, sociality, communication, dominance style, social behaviour, Dominance hierarchy, Dominance (ethology), communication, sociality, social behaviour, dominance style, vocal, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Psychology, Cognitive psychology
Abstract: Animal communication has long been thought to be subject to pressures and constraints associated with social relationships. However, our understanding of how the nature and quality of social relationships relates to the use and evolution of communication is limited by a lack of directly comparable methods across multiple levels of analysis. Here, we analysed observational data from 111 wild groups belonging to 26 non-human primate species, to test how vocal communication relates to dominance style (the strictness with which a dominance hierarchy is enforced, ranging from 'despotic' to 'tolerant'). At the individual-level, we found that dominant individuals who were more tolerant vocalized at a higher rate than their despotic counterparts. This indicates that tolerance within a relationship may place pressure on the dominant partner to communicate more during social interactions. At the species-level, however, despotic species exhibited a larger repertoire of hierarchy-related vocalizations than their tolerant counterparts. Findings suggest primate signals are used and evolve in tandem with the nature of interactions that characterize individuals' social relationships. Publisher PDF
Published: 2021
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112. Uncanny Simulacra: Pedagogy and Student Artwork as Tools for Interrogating Post-human Worlds

Author: Tabas, Brad, Klein, Michael, conley, shannon, Trinidad, Brenda, Frana, Philip, Formation et apprentissages professionnels (FoAP), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne), James Madison University, Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne), and Tabas, Brad
Subjects: [SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021

113. Bridging international approaches on nanoEHS

Author: Igor Linkov, David J. Spurgeon, Mónica J.B. Amorim, Gregory P. Nichols, Janeck J. Scott-Fordsmand, Ulla Vogel, Mark R. Wiesner, Elijah J. Petersen, Vincent Castranova, Ilise L. Feitshans, Barry Hardy, Paul Westerhoff, Camille de Garidel-Thoron, Sally S. Tinkle, Christine Ogilvie Hendren, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Universidade de Aveiro, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies [Aveiro] (CESAM), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), West Virginia University [Morgantown], University Children's Hospital [Basel, Switzerland]], US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, European Scientific Institute, Homeland Defense and Security Information Analysis Center, National Institute of Standards and Technology [Gaithersburg] (NIST), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), IDA/Science and Technology Policy Institute, Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Duke University [Durham], and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: Bridging (networking), Biomedical Engineering, Bioengineering, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], REPRODUCIBILITY, NANOPARTICLES, ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE, General Materials Science, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, NANOMATERIALS, Scope (project management), GOVERNANCE, SCIENCE, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 0104 chemical sciences, Risk analysis (engineering), [SDE]Environmental Sciences, RISK-ASSESSMENT, Business, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; The challenge of assessing the scope and magnitude of risk from nanomaterials is urgent for society and ignoring risks could be detrimental for development. This challenge is bigger than the individual capacities on each side of the Atlantic, but effective cross-Atlantic collaboration can solve essential riddles about the use of nanomaterials.
Published: 2021
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114. Locusts and People: Integrating the Social Sciences in Sustainable Locust Management

Author: Arianne J. Cease, Clara Therville, John M. Anderies, Michel Lecoq, Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), School of Sustainability, School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), School of Life Sciences [Tempe, USA], This research was funded by the Foundation for Food and Agricultural Research, grantsno. 593561, by the Global Locust Initiative and by the Swette Center for Sustainable Food Systems., Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Anderies, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Recession, C, Political science, Social science, social variables, media_common, 2. Zero hunger, Scope (project management), biology, business.industry, Agriculture, environmental governance, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, 010602 entomology, Environmental governance, locusts, 13. Climate action, Therville, business, Agronomy and Crop Science, social sciences, Locust
Abstract: International audience; Locust outbreaks have impacted agricultural societies for millennia, they persist today, and humans aim to manage them using preventative strategies. While locusts have been a focus for natural sciences for more than a century, social sciences remain largely underrepresented. Yet, organizational, economic, and cultural variables substantially impact these management strategies. The social sciences are one important means through which researchers and practitioners can better understand these issues. This paper examines the scope and purpose of different subfields of social science and explores how they can be applied to different issues faced by entomologists and practitioners to implement sustainable locust research and management. In particular, we discuss how environmental governance studies resonate with two major challenges faced by locust managers: implementing a preventative strategy over a large spatial scale and managing an intermittent outbreak dynamic characterized by periods of recession and absence of the threat. We contend that the social sciences can help facilitate locust management policies, actions and outcomes that are more legitimate, salient, robust, and effective.
Published: 2021
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115. Shaping of the present-day deep biosphere at chicxulub by the impact catastrophe that ended the cretaceous

Author: Charles S. Cockell, Bettina Schaefer, Cornelia Wuchter, Marco J. L. Coolen, Kliti Grice, Luzie Schnieders, Joanna V. Morgan, Sean P. S. Gulick, Axel Wittmann, Johanna Lofi, Gail L. Christeson, David A. Kring, Michael T. Whalen, Timothy J. Bralower, Gordon R. Osinski, Philippe Claeys, Pim Kaskes, Sietze J. de Graaff, Thomas Déhais, Steven Goderis, Natali Hernandez Becerra, Sophie Nixon, IODP-ICDP Expedition 364 Scientists, Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy [Edinburgh], University of Edinburgh, WA-Organic and Isotope Geochemistry Centre (WA-OIGC), The Institute for Geoscience Research [Perth] (TIGeR), School of Earth and Planetary Science [Perth - Curtin university], Curtin University [Perth], Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC)-Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC)-Curtin University [Perth], Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC)-Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC)-School of Earth and Planetary Science [Perth - Curtin university], Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC)-Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC), Western Australia Organic and Isotope Geochemistry Centre, School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, the Institute for Geoscience Research (TIGeR), Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Imperial College London, DGS, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Géosciences Montpellier, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chemistry, Analytical, Environmental & Geo-Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, and Earth System Sciences
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), chicxulub, Lithology, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Present day, Microbiology, drilling, Geobiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Paleontology, Impact crater, deep biosphere, 0502 Environmental Science and Management, 0503 Soil Sciences, Original Research, 030304 developmental biology, Horizon (geology), 0303 health sciences, 030306 microbiology, Biosphere, craters, impact crater, Cretaceous, QR1-502, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Cenozoic, Geology, 0605 Microbiology
Abstract: International audience; We report on the effect of the end-Cretaceous impact event on the present-day deep microbial biosphere at the impact site. IODP-ICDP Expedition 364 drilled into the peak ring of the Chicxulub crater, México, allowing us to investigate the microbial communities within this structure. Increased cell biomass was found in the impact suevite, which was deposited within the first few hours of the Cenozoic, demonstrating that the impact produced a new lithological horizon that caused a long-term improvement in deep subsurface colonization potential. In the biologically impoverished granitic rocks, we observed increased cell abundances at impact-induced geological interfaces, that can be attributed to the nutritionally diverse substrates and/or elevated fluid flow. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing revealed taxonomically distinct microbial communities in each crater lithology. These observations show that the impact caused geological deformation that continues to shape the deep subsurface biosphere at Chicxulub in the present day.
Published: 2021
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116. Accessory cusp expression at the enamel-dentine junction of hominin mandibular molars

Author: William H. Kimbel, Matthew M. Skinner, Fred Spoor, Agness Gidna, Thomas W. Davies, Zeresenay Alemseged, Clément Zanolli, Jean-Jacques Hublin, Ottmar Kullmer, Department of Human Evolution [Leipzig], Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology [Leipzig], Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, University of the Witwatersrand [Johannesburg] (WITS), University of Chicago, Chaire internationale Paléoanthropologie, Collège de France (CdF (institution)), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg (SGN), De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Molar, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Tooth morphology, [SHS.ANTHRO-BIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Biological anthropology, Biology, Tooth development, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Subjects Anthropology, Paranthropus robustus, 03 medical and health sciences, stomatognathic system, 0601 history and archaeology, cardiovascular diseases, Australopithecus africanus, Accessory cusps, 030304 developmental biology, Taxonomy, 0303 health sciences, 060101 anthropology, Enamel paint, General Neuroscience, QH, Homo, Paleontology, Enamel-dentine junction, Hominin, 06 humanities and the arts, General Medicine, Anatomy, Taxonomy Tooth morphology, biology.organism_classification, Evolutionary Studies, stomatognathic diseases, Homo habilis, visual_art, Anthropology, Discrete traits, visual_art.visual_art_medium, cardiovascular system, Cusp (anatomy), Medicine, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, Australopithecus afarensis, Paranthropus boisei
Abstract: Studies of hominin dental morphology frequently consider accessory cusps on the lower molars, in particular those on the distal margin of the tooth (C6 or distal accessory cusp) and the lingual margin of the tooth (C7 or lingual accessory cusp). They are often utilized in studies of hominin systematics, where their presence or absence is assessed at the outer enamel surface (OES). However, studies of the enamel-dentine junction (EDJ) suggest these traits may be more variable in development, morphology and position than previously thought. Building on these studies, we outline a scoring procedure for the EDJ expression of these accessory cusps that considers the relationship between these accessory cusps and the surrounding primary cusps. We apply this scoring system to a sample of Plio-Pleistocene hominin mandibular molars of Paranthropus robustus, Paranthropus boisei, Australopithecus afarensis, Australopithecus africanus, Homo sp., Homo habilis and Homo erectus from Africa and Asia (n = 132). We find that there are taxon-specific patterns in accessory cusp expression at the EDJ that are consistent with previous findings at the OES. For example, P. robustus M1s and M2s very often have a distal accessory cusp but no lingual accessory cusp, while H. habilis M1s and M2s show the opposite pattern. The EDJ also reveals a number of complicating factors; some apparent accessory cusps at the enamel surface are represented at the EDJ only by shouldering on the ridges associated with the main cusps, while other accessory cusps appear to have little or no EDJ expression at all. We also discuss the presence of double and triple accessory cusps, including the presence of a double lingual accessory cusp on the distal ridge of the metaconid in the type specimen of H. habilis (OH 7–M1) that is not clear at the OES due to occlusal wear. Overall, our observations, as well as our understanding of the developmental underpinnings of cusp patterning, suggest that we should be cautious in our comparisons of accessory cusps for taxonomic interpretations.
Published: 2021
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117. Geomorphological map of the South Belet Region of Titan

Author: T. Verlander, Alexander Hayes, Paul Corlies, Samuel Birch, David A. Williams, Meghan Florence, Stéphane Le Mouélic, Ashley Schoenfeld, Elizabeth P. Turtle, Alice Le Gall, Michael Malaska, Rosaly M. C. Lopes, Michael A. Janssen, A. Solomonidou, Department of Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences [Los Angeles] (EPSS), University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California-University of California, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Faculty of Environmental Sciences [Prague], Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (CZU), School of Earth and Space Exploration [Tempe] (SESE), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences [MIT, Cambridge] (EAPS), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Department of Astronomy [Ithaca], Cornell University [New York], PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL), School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science [Norman] (CEES), and University of Oklahoma (OU)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Terrain, 01 natural sciences, Latitude, symbols.namesake, Impact crater, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Geomorphology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Alluvial fan, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Crust, 15. Life on land, Alluvial plain, Geologic processes, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Titan surface, symbols, Longitude, Titan (rocket family), Titan, Geology
Abstract: International audience; We mapped in detail Titan's South Belet region which spans from longitude 60°E to 120°E and from latitude 60°S to 0°, encompassing both equatorial and southern mid-latitude regions. We used Cassini RADAR in its Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) mode data as our basemap, which covers 31.8% of the region, supplemented with data from the RADAR's radiometry mode, the Imagining Science Subsystem (ISS), the Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS), and topographic data. This mapping work is a continuation of the detailed global mapping effort introduced in Malaska et al. (2016a) and continued in Lopes et al. (2020). We followed the mapping procedure described in Malaska et al. (2016a) for the Afekan Crater region and identified four major terrain classes in South Belet: craters, hummocky/mountainous, plains, and dunes. Each terrain class was subdivided into terrain units by characteristic morphology, including border shape, texture, general appearance, and radar backscatter. There are two terrain units that were not included in previous studies but were identified in our mapping of South Belet: “bright alluvial plains” and “pitted hummocky”. Similar to the Afekan Crater region, we find that plains dominate the surface make-up of South Belet, comprising ~47% of the mapped area. Unlike Afekan, the areal extent of the dunes closely rivals the dominance of plains, making up 43% of the mapped area. The next most widespread unit by area in the region following the dunes are the mountains/hummocky terrains (10%), and finally, crater terrains (0.01%). The introduction of two new units, “bright alluvial plains” and “pitted hummocky”, are necessary to capture the full range of morphologies seen in South Belet and expands our understanding of processes typical of Titan's equatorial and mid-latitude regions. For example, the presence of alluvial fans indicates a period in Titan's past where discharges and slopes were such that sediment could be mobilized and deposited. Similarly, the pits associated with the “pitted hummocky” may represent an important erosional feature, with implications for the removal of volatiles from Titan's crust. However, analysis of our geomorphological mapping results suggests the geology of South Belet is consistent with the narrative of organics dominating the equatorial and mid-latitudes. This is similar to the conclusion we arrived at through our mapping and analysis of the Afekan region. Lastly, the applicability of the terrain units from our mapping of the Afekan region, which bears a similar latitude but in the northern hemisphere, to our mapping of South Belet suggests latitudinal symmetry in Titan's surface processes and their evolution.
Published: 2021
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118. Authors’ Reply to Letter to the Editor: Continued improvement to genetic diversity indicator for CBD

Author: Jennifer Pierson, Laura D. Bertola, Myriam Heuertz, Isa-Rita M. Russo, Linda Laikre, Joachim Mergeay, Paul A. Hohenlohe, Philip W. Hedrick, Rob Ogden, Cristiano Vernesi, Gonzalo Gajardo, Anna J. MacDonald, Nils Ryman, Fred W. Allendorf, David O'Brien, Gernot Segelbacher, Sean Hoban, Pablo Orozco-terWengel, Antonio González-Rodríguez, Lisette P. Waits, Michael William Bruford, Ivan Paz-Vinas, Catherine E. Grueber, W. Chris Funk, Kerstin Johannesson, Clarisse Palma-Silva, Per Sjögren-Gulve, Libby Liggins, Margaret E. Hunter, Martin F. Breed, Farideh Moharrek, Stockholm University, Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies [Moscow] (IBEST), University of Idaho [Moscow, USA], Division of Biological Sciences [San Diego], University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California-University of California, The City College of New York (CCNY), City University of New York [New York] (CUNY), Flinders University [Adelaide, Australia], School of Biosciences [Cardiff], Cardiff University, Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Centro Universitario de los Lagos - Universidad de Guadalajara (U de G), Universidad de Guadalajara-Nanotechnology laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ecosistemas y Sustentabilidad (IIES), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), The University of Sydney, Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), U.S Geological Survey, University of Gothenburg (GU), Massey University, Australian National University (ANU), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Tarbiat Modares University [Tehran], Scottish Natural Heritage, Scotland, UK, The Roslin Institute, University of Campinas [Campinas] (UNICAMP), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, University of Freiburg [Freiburg], The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Fondazione Edmund Mach - Edmund Mach Foundation [Italie] (FEM), The Morton Arboretum, School of Biological Sciences [Univ California San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), Universidade Estadual de Campinas = University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Genetics & Heredity, 0106 biological sciences, 0303 health sciences, Genetic diversity, Science & Technology, Letter to the editor, Ecology, Ecology (disciplines), Biodiversity & Conservation, Biodiversity, SIZES, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Settore BIO/07 - ECOLOGIA, Diversite genetique, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Genetics, Biodiversity Conservation, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: ispartof: CONSERVATION GENETICS vol:22 issue:4 pages:533-536 status: published
Published: 2021
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119. Stability of 2D Hybrid Lead Halide Perovskites: Perspective from Bulk Crystals and Thin Films

Author: Vasileiadou, Eugenia, Hadar, Ido, Wang, Bin, Spanopoulos, Ioannis, Kepenekian, Mikael, Even, Jacky, Navrotsky, Alexandra, Kanatzidis, Mercouri, Northwestern University [Evanston], University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Institut des Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l'informatiON (Institut FOTON), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), University of California (UC), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021

120. New World Cactaceae Plants Harbor Diverse Geminiviruses

Author: Gerardo R. Argüello-Astorga, Arvind Varsani, Michael C. Lund, Simona Kraberger, Pierre Lefeuvre, Joshua Schreck, Denis Filloux, Anthony Khalifeh, Simone G. Ribeiro, Raul Puente-Martinez, Jesús Aarón Avalos-Calleros, Andrew M. Salywon, Safaa G. Kumari, Philippe Roumagnac, Kehinde A. Oyeniran, Kara Schmidlin, Rafaela S. Fontenele, Lucas C. Majure, Amulya Bhaskara, Wendy C. Hodgson, Martin F. Wojciechowski, Matias Köhler, Darren P. Martin, Kendal Smith, Koenraad Van Doorslaer, Christian Vernière, Ilaria N. Cobb, Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Desert Botanical Garden, Florida Museum of Natural History [Gainesville], University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), University of British Columbia [Vancouver], University of Texas at Dallas [Richardson] (UT Dallas), School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Instituto Potosino de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (IPICYT), Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología [Mexico] (CONACYT), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul [Porto Alegre] (UFRGS), Laboratório de Estudos em Vegetação Campestre (LEVCamp), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil, School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, Arizona Cancer Center, International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), University of Cape Town, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Moleculare MedicineComputational Biolohy Group, Plant Health Institute of Montpellier (UMR PHIM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Peuplements végétaux et bioagresseurs en milieu tropical (UMR PVBMT), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia [Brasília], Structural Biology Research Unit, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, The molecular work was supported by a start-up grant awarded to A.V. from Arizona State University, USA., RAFAELA S. FONTENELE, ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY, USA, ANDREW M. SALYWON, DESERT BOTANICAL GARDEN, USA, LUCAS C. MAJURE, UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA, USA, ILARIA N. COBB, ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY, USA, AMULYA BHASKARA, ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY, USA, JESÚS A. AVALOS-CALLEROS, INSTITUTO POTOSINO DE INVESTIGACIÓN CIENTÍFICA Y TECNOLÓGICA, MEXICO, GERARDO R. ARGÜELLO-ASTORGA, INSTITUTO POTOSINO DE INVESTIGACIÓN CIENTÍFICA Y TECNOLÓGICA, MEXICO, KARA SCHMIDLIN, ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY, USA, ANTHONY KHALIFEH, ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY, USA, KENDAL SMITH, ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY, USA, JOSHUA SCHRECK, ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY, USA, MICHAEL C. LUND, ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY, USA, MATIAS KÖHLER, UFRGS, MARTIN F. WOJCIECHOWSKI, ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY, USA, WENDY C. HODGSON, DESERT BOTANICAL GARDEN, USA, RAUL PUENTE-MARTINEZ, DESERT BOTANICAL GARDEN, USA, KOENRAAD VAN DOORSLAER, UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA, USA, SAFAA KUMARI, INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH IN THE DRY AREAS (ICARDA), LEBANON, KEHINDE A. OYENIRAN, UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN, SOUTH AFRICA, CHRISTIAN VERNIÈRE, CIRAD, FRANCE, DENIS FILLOUX, CIRAD, FRANCE, PHILIPPE ROUMAGNAC, CIRAD, FRANCE, PIERRE LEFEUVRE, CIRAD, FRANCE, SIMONE DA GRACA RIBEIRO, Cenargen, SIMONA P. KRABERGER, ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY, USA, DARREN P. MARTIN, UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN, SOUTH AFRICA, ARVIND VARSANI, ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY, USA., University of Britsh Columbia [Vancouver], Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Human Biology, and Faculty of Health Sciences
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Cactaceae, Phylogénie, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 01 natural sciences, Genome, Curtovirus, 2. Zero hunger, Diversity, biology, Phylogenetic tree, Opuntia, QR1-502, Infectious Diseases, Geminiviridae, Curly top, Cactus, Becurtovirus, food.ingredient, Pathologie végétale, Genome, Viral, Microbiology, Article, diversity, Hemiptera, 03 medical and health sciences, food, Virology, Animals, Virus classification, Géminivirus, Plant Diseases, H20 - Maladies des plantes, Virus des végétaux, biology.organism_classification, Recombination, recombination, Recombinaison, 030104 developmental biology, Evolutionary biology, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; The family Cactaceae comprises a diverse group of typically succulent plants that are native to the American continent but have been introduced to nearly all other continents, predominantly for ornamental purposes. Despite their economic, cultural, and ecological importance, very little research has been conducted on the viral community that infects them. We previously identified a highly divergent geminivirus that is the first known to infect cacti. Recent research efforts in non-cultivated and asymptomatic plants have shown that the diversity of this viral family has been under-sampled. As a consequence, little is known about the effects and interactions of geminiviruses in many plants, such as cacti. With the objective to expand knowledge on the diversity of geminiviruses infecting cacti, we used previously acquired high-throughput sequencing results to search for viral sequences using BLASTx against a viral RefSeq protein database. We identified two additional sequences with similarity to geminiviruses, for which we designed abutting primers and recovered full-length genomes. From 42 cacti and five scale insects, we derived 42 complete genome sequences of a novel geminivirus species that we have tentatively named Opuntia virus 2 (OpV2) and 32 genomes of an Opuntia-infecting becurtovirus (which is a new strain of the spinach curly top Arizona virus species). Interspecies recombination analysis of the OpV2 group revealed several recombinant regions, in some cases spanning half of the genome. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that OpV2 is a novel geminivirus more closely related to viruses of the genus Curtovirus, which was further supported by the detection of three recombination events between curtoviruses and OpV2. Both OpV2 and Opuntia becurtoviruses were identified in mixed infections, which also included the previously characterized Opuntia virus 1. Viral quantification of the co-infected cactus plants compared with single infections did not show any clear trend in viral dynamics that might be associated with the mixed infections. Using experimental Rhizobium-mediated inoculations, we found that the initial accumulation of OpV2 is facilitated by co-infection with OpV1. This study shows that the diversity of geminiviruses that infect cacti is under-sampled and that cacti harbor diverse geminiviruses. The detection of the Opuntia becurtoviruses suggests spill-over events between viruses of cultivated species and native vegetation. The threat this poses to cacti needs to be further investigated.
Published: 2021
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121. Levels of pathogen virulence and host resistance both shape the antibody response to an emerging bacterial disease

Author: Geoffrey E. Hill, Kevin J. McGraw, Daisy Gates, Mathieu Giraudeau, Luc Tardy, Camille Bonneaud, Molly Staley, Auburn University (AU), University of Exeter, Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), School of Life Sciences [Tempe, USA], and Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU)
Subjects: Male, 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Mycoplasma gallisepticum, Behavioural ecology, Ecophysiology, Science, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Virulence, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Article, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Immune system, Animals, Mycoplasma Infections, Pathogen, Disease Resistance, Ecological epidemiology, Multidisciplinary, Bacterial disease, Behavior, Animal, Ecology, biology, Bird Diseases, Inoculation, Bacterial Infections, biology.organism_classification, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, Antibody Formation, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Disease Progression, biology.protein, Medicine, Female, Finches, Antibody, Immunocompetence
Abstract: Quantifying variation in the ability to fight infection among free-living hosts is challenging and often constrained to one or a few measures of immune activity. While such measures are typically taken to reflect host resistance, they can also be shaped by pathogen effects, for example, if more virulent strains trigger more robust immune responses. Here, we test the extent to which pathogen-specific antibody levels, a commonly used measure of immunocompetence, reflect variation in host resistance versus pathogen virulence, and whether these antibodies effectively clear infection. House finches (Haemorhous mexicanus) from resistant and susceptible populations were inoculated with > 50 isolates of their novel Mycoplasma gallisepticum pathogen collected over a 20-year period during which virulence increased. Serum antibody levels were higher in finches from resistant populations and increased with year of pathogen sampling. Higher antibody levels, however, did not subsequently give rise to greater reductions in pathogen load. Our results show that antibody responses can be shaped by levels of host resistance and pathogen virulence, and do not necessarily signal immune clearance ability. While the generality of this novel finding remains unclear, particularly outside of mycoplasmas, it cautions against using antibody levels as implicit proxies for immunocompetence and/or host resistance.
Published: 2021
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122. Role of inhomogeneous absorption, sub-surface cavitation, and hydrodynamic instabilities in ultrashort laser-induced self-organization of surfaces

Author: Rudenko, Anton, Colombier, Jean-Philippe, Stoian, Razvan, Itina, Tatiana, Garrelie, Florence, Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Laboratoire Hubert Curien [Saint Etienne] (LHC), and Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)
Subjects: Oral, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Oral Session 5, Laser-Induced Modification of Material Microstructure and Surface Morphology, Poster), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021

123. Identification of the Begomoviruses Squash Leaf Curl Virus and Watermelon Chlorotic Stunt Virus in Various Plant Samples in North America

Author: Pierre Lefeuvre, Gerardo R. Argüello-Astorga, Arvind Varsani, Simone G. Ribeiro, Simona Kraberger, Lucas C. Majure, Philippe Roumagnac, Jesús Aarón Avalos-Calleros, Ilaria N. Cobb, Kara Schmidlin, Amulya Bhaskara, Andrew M. Salywon, Rafaela S. Fontenele, Darren P. Martin, Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), The Biodesign Center for Fundamental and Applied Microbiomics, Center for Evolution and Medicine and School of Life sciences, University of Texas at Dallas [Richardson] (UT Dallas), School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Northern British Columbia [Prince George] (UNBC), Florida Museum of Natural History [Gainesville], University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Desert Botanical Garden, Instituto Potosino de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (IPICYT), Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología [Mexico] (CONACYT), Plant Health Institute of Montpellier (UMR PHIM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia [Brasília], University of Cape Town, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Peuplements végétaux et bioagresseurs en milieu tropical (UMR PVBMT), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Structural Biology Research Unit [Cape Town], Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences [Cape Town], University of Cape Town-University of Cape Town, The molecular work was supported by a start-up grant awarded to AV from Arizona State University, USA., RAFAELA S. FONTENELE, Arizona State University, USA, AMULYA BHASKARA, Arizona State University, USA, ILARIA N. COBB, Arizona State University, USA, LUCAS C. MAJURE, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA, ANDREW M. SALYWON, Desert Botanical Garden, USA, JESÚS A. AVALOS-CALLEROS, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, Mexico, GERARDO R. ARGÜELLO-ASTORGA, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, Mexico, KARA SCHMIDLIN, Arizona State University, USA, PHILIPPE ROUMAGNAC, CIRAD, UMR PHIM, France, SIMONE DA GRACA RIBEIRO, Cenargen, SIMONA KRABERGER, Arizona State University, USA, DARREN P. MARTIN, University of Cape Town, South Africa, PIERRE LEFEUVRE, CIRAD, UMR PVBMT, France, ARVIND VARSANI, Arizona State University, USA., Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], pseudo-recombination, Bemisia tabaci, 01 natural sciences, Plant Viruses, 2. Zero hunger, Recombination, Genetic, biology, Phylogenetic tree, food and beverages, Genomics, Plants, QR1-502, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Phenotype, Geminiviridae, Begomovirus, Cucurbitaceae, Solanaceae, Whitefly, Genome, Viral, Microbiology, Virus, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Pseudo-recombination, begomovirus, Virology, Botany, H20 - Maladies des plantes, Génome, Computational Biology, Virus des végétaux, Sequence Analysis, DNA, biology.organism_classification, Recombination, recombination, Recombinaison, 030104 developmental biology, Oleaceae, North America, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Geminiviruses are a group of plant-infecting viruses with single-stranded DNA genomes. Within this family, viruses in the genus Begomovirus are known to have a worldwide distribution causing a range of severe diseases in a multitude of dicotyledonous plant species. Begomoviruses are transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci, and their ssDNA genomes can be either monopartite or bipartite. As part of a viral survey, various plants including those in the families Alliaceae, Amaranthaceae, Apiaceae, Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Cactaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Lamiaceae, Lauraceae, Malvaceae, Oleaceae and Solanaceae were sampled and screened for begomoviruses using both a high-throughput sequencing and a begomovirus-specific primer pair approach. Based on the sequences derived using these approaches, the full-length genome of various begomoviruses were amplified from plants using abutting primers. Squash leaf curl virus (SLCV) and watermelon chlorotic stunt virus (WCSV) were identified in Cactaceae (n = 25), Solanaceae (n = 7), Cucurbitaceae (n = 2) and Lamiaceae (n = 1) samples. WCSV is an Old World bipartite begomovirus that has only recently been discovered infecting watermelons in the Americas. Our discovery of WCSV in the USA is the first indication that it has reached this country and indicates that this virus might be widespread throughout North America. Phylogenetic analysis suggests WCSV was introduced to the New World twice. The detection of begomoviruses in cactus plants suggests possible spillover events from agricultural areas into native vegetation. Since WCSV and SLCV have previously been found in mixed infections, pseudo-recombination infection experiments were conducted. We demonstrate that WCSV DNA-B is successfully trans-replicated by SLCV DNA-A despite very low degree of similarity between the replication-associated iterative sequences present in their common region, an essential feature for binding of the replication associated protein. This study highlights the importance of viral surveys for the detection of spillover events into native vegetation, but also suggests the need for more surveillance of WCSV in the USA, as this virus is a serious threat to watermelon cultivation in the Middle East.
Published: 2021
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124. Effect of carbon felt activation on the electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate : material characterization and electrochemical performance

Author: Fajardo, Ana S., Alrehaili, Omar, Bansal, Rishabh, Lee, Chung-Seop, Westerhoff, Paul, Sánchez-Sánchez, Carlos, Garcia-Segura, Sergi, Laboratoire Interfaces et Systèmes Electrochimiques (LISE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, and Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU)
Subjects: [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021

125. Identifying key questions in the ecology and evolution of cancer

Author: Holly A. Swain Ewald, Michael J. Metzger, Susanne Sebens, Irina Kareva, Joel S. Brown, Mathieu Giraudeau, Carlo C. Maley, Jean Pascal Capp, Pascal Pujol, Amy M. Boddy, Benjamin Roche, Robert Noble, Kornelia Polyak, Leonard Nunney, Beata Ujvari, Eric Solary, Frédéric Thomas, Rodrigo Hamede, Antoine M. Dujon, Kateřina Staňková, Andriy Marusyk, Aurora M. Nedelcu, Nicholas McGranahan, Marco Gerlinger, Paul W. Ewald, Robert A. Gatenby, James DeGregori, Sarah R. Amend, Andrew F. Read, Elsa Hansen, Kenneth J. Pienta, Catherine Alix-Panabières, Athena Aktipis, Centre de Recherches Ecologiques et Evolutives sur le Cancer (MIVEGEC-CREEC), Processus Écologiques et Évolutifs au sein des Communautés (PEEC), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Deakin University, Burwood, Australia, Deakin University [Burwood], Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier (CHU Montpellier ), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine [Baltimore], University of California [Santa Barbara] (UCSB), University of California, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Colorado [Colorado Springs] (UCCS), University of Louisville, The institute of cancer research [London], Université de La Rochelle (ULR), University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System, The Francis Crick Institute [London], UCL, Canc Res UK Lung Canc Ctr Excellence, Pacific Northwest Research Institute (PNRI), University of New Brunswick (UNB), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), University of California [Riverside] (UCR), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute [Boston], Harvard School of Dental Medicine [Boston] (HSDM), Harvard University [Cambridge], Sorbonne Université (SU), Kiel University, Schleswig-Holstein University Hospitals, Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Université Paris-Saclay, Département d'hématologie [Gustave Roussy], Maastricht University [Maastricht], Delft University of Technology (TU Delft), MAVA foundation, French National Research Agency (ANR), Dept. of Advanced Computing Sciences, RS: FSE DACS, RS: FSE DACS Mathematics Centre Maastricht, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), University of California [Santa Barbara] (UC Santa Barbara), University of California (UC), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), La Rochelle Université (ULR), University of California [Riverside] (UC Riverside), and Harvard University
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Evolution, Ecology (disciplines), cancer therapy, contemporary evolution, evolutionary medicine, genetics, neoplasm, species interactions, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Field (computer science), QH301, 03 medical and health sciences, Medicinal and Biomolecular Chemistry, medicine, QH359-425, Genetics, QH426, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Evolutionary Biology, Cancer prevention, Evolutionary medicine, Cancer, medicine.disease, QR, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, Perspective, Key (cryptography), Portfolio, Engineering ethics, Evolutionary ecology, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Abstract: Early Access; International audience; The application of evolutionary and ecological principles to cancer prevention and treatment, as well as recognizing cancer as a selection force in nature, has gained impetus over the last 50 years. Following the initial theoretical approaches that combined knowledge from interdisciplinary fields, it became clear that using the eco-evolutionary framework is of key importance to understand cancer. We are now at a pivotal point where accumulating evidence starts to steer the future directions of the discipline and allows us to underpin the key challenges that remain to be addressed. Here, we aim to assess current advancements in the field and to suggest future directions for research. First, we summarize cancer research areas that, so far, have assimilated ecological and evolutionary principles into their approaches and illustrate their key importance. Then, we assembled 33 experts and identified 84 key questions, organized around nine major themes, to pave the foundations for research to come. We highlight the urgent need for broadening the portfolio of research directions to stimulate novel approaches at the interface of oncology and ecological and evolutionary sciences. We conclude that progressive and efficient cross-disciplinary collaborations that draw on the expertise of the fields of ecology, evolution and cancer are essential in order to efficiently address current and future questions about cancer.
Published: 2021
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126. A Long‐Lived Planetesimal Dynamo Powered by Core Crystallization

Author: Carol A. Raymond, Linda T. Elkins-Tanton, Benjamin P. Weiss, Jay Shah, Rajesh V. Chopdekar, Clara Maurel, James F. J. Bryson, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Oxford [Oxford], Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), and University of Oxford
Subjects: Planetesimal, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, iron meteorites, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], core crystallization, magnetic field, Astrophysics, dynamo, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Magnetic field, Core (optical fiber), Geophysics, law, planetesimal, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences, Crystallization, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Dynamo
Abstract: The existence of numerous iron meteorite groups indicates that some planetesimals underwent melting that led to metal-silicate segregation, sometimes producing metallic cores. Meteorite paleomagnetic records suggest that crystallization of these cores generated dynamo magnetic fields. Here we describe the magnetic history of the partially differentiated IIE iron meteorite parent body. This is the first planetesimal for which we have a time-resolved paleomagnetic record constrained by 40Ar/39Ar chronometry spanning several tens of million years (Ma). We find that the core of the IIE parent body generated a dynamo, likely powered by core crystallization, starting before 78±13Ma after solar system formation and lasting at least 80Ma. Such extended core crystallization suggests that the core composed a substantial fraction of the body ((Formula presented.) 13%–19% core-to-body radius ratio depending on the body’s radius), indicating efficient core formation within some partially differentiated planetesimals.
Published: 2021
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127. Neurolinguistics and sub-morphology. From dream to hard reality

Author: Vion-Dury, Jean, Partnership for research in Spatial Modeling (PRISM), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), C.Fortineau-Brémond, S. Pagès, and VION-DURY, Jean
Subjects: neurolinguistics, potentiel N400, flux de syllabes, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, neurolinguistique, [SCCO.NEUR] Cognitive science/Neuroscience, evoked potentials, [SHS.PHIL]Humanities and Social Sciences/Philosophy, N400 potential, potentiels évoqués, [SCCO.LING]Cognitive science/Linguistics, enaction, sub-morphologie, sub-morphology, [SHS.PHIL] Humanities and Social Sciences/Philosophy, syllable flow, [SCCO.LING] Cognitive science/Linguistics
Abstract: International audience; La complexité du langage humain, que ce soit celle de son formalisme, de sa production ou de sa pragmatique, semble devoir attendre des neurosciences en particuliers cognitives, dans la mesure où celles-ci sont en grande partie fondées sur la philosophie analytique anglo-saxonne - c'est-à-dire sur une philosophie du langage - une aide en retour à la compréhension de la morphologie et de la sub-morphologie de celui-ci. C’est sans compter avec la relative pauvreté de nos moyens neuroscientifiques, pauvreté occultée par le déferlement de belles images d’IRM ou l’élégance des courbes de réponses cérébrales évoquées que présentent à l’envie des chercheurs souvent engoncés dans leur paradigmes explicatifs. Or les choses ne sont pas si simples. Les réponses empiriques obtenues le plus souvent par des protocoles non écologiques, ne sont que des corrélats grossiers et non des causes ou des explications aux phénomènes observés. Sans doute peut-on corréler un effet et une zone cérébrale (en espérant que les artéfacts expérimentaux ou de calcul ne viennent pas invalider les conclusions tirées), sans doute peut-on mieux décrire certains phénomènes, mais le grain de la finesse de la morphologie (et à fortiori la sub-morphologie) de la langue apparait bien trop fin au regard des mailles grossières du filet neurocognitif.Et il n’est pas certain que le nouveau paradigme enactif va permettre d’aller tellement plus loin, tant la logique interactionnelle du sujet et du milieu, de l’action et de la perception qui le fonde introduit de complexité supplémentaire dans la problématique. Cependant, il était grand temps de se rendre compte que nous avons un corps de chair, ayant trop longtemps vécu sur ce postulat problématique de la psychologie cognitive à savoir celui d’une désincarnation de la pensée envisagée comme pur calcul logique réalisé par des modules plus ou moins reliés. Bref, la cognition incarnée n’est pas une nouveauté ni une découverte : c’est la correction tardive d’une désolante absurdité.La difficulté de trouver une validation empirique (neuroscientifique) aux théories (en particulier) énactives de la submorphologie sera discutée.
Published: 2021

128. Forging Political Identities and Becoming Citizens: The Political Preferences and Engagement of South American Immigrants in the United States and Spain

Author: Carles Pamies, Narayani Lasala-Blanco, Laura Morales, Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Centre d'études européennes et de politique comparée (Sciences Po, CNRS) (CEE), Sciences Po (Sciences Po)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM), COST Action CA16111 - Ethmigsurveydata, Horizon 2020 programme of the European Commission, COST Action 16111 - Ethmigsurveydata, European Project: CA16111,OC-2016-1,ETHMIGSURVEYDATA(2017), and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM)
Subjects: Cultural Studies, Sociology and Political Science, Social Psychology, media_common.quotation_subject, Immigration, General Social Sciences, Hostility, Latino politics, South American immigrants, United States, [SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science, Education, Politics, political behavior, Spain, South american, Political economy, Political science, medicine, medicine.symptom, South American immigrants , Latino politics , political behavior , United States , Spain, media_common
Abstract: International audience; Research in the United States has emphasized the importance of anti-immigrant and anti-Hispanic hostility to galvanize shared identities and a sense of linked fate that is electorally mobilized around the pan-ethnic Latino identity. With survey data on the electoral behavior of South American immigrants in the United States and Spain spanning a decade (2006-2018), this article gauges how critical hostility is for electoral mobilization. The findings suggest that—despite very different institutional settings, hostility levels, elite strategies, and political mobilization patterns—South American immigrants are forging remarkably similar patterns of political preferences and engagement across both sides of the Atlantic. The overtime and comparative perspective calls into question that hostility is the main driving force behind Latino electoral participation and block voting in the United States and prompts greater attention to the socioeconomic status of Latinos and mobilization by political parties.
Published: 2021
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129. Ant phylogenomics reveals a natural selection hotspot preceding the origin of complex eusociality

Author: Jonathan Romiguier, Marek L. Borowiec, Arthur Weyna, Quentin Helleu, Etienne Loire, Christine La Mendola, Christian Rabeling, Brian L. Fisher, Philip S. Ward, Laurent Keller, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), University of Idaho [Moscow, USA], Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), School of Life Sciences [Tempe, USA], Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), California Academy of Sciences, University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California (UC), and We thank the FEBS (Federation of European Biochemical Societies) for the long-term fellowship granted to J.R., the funding from the French ANR (t-ERC grant RoyalMess) and ERC (RoyalMess, grant 948688 ) and the ERC and Swiss NSF to L.K., a grant from the US National Science Foundation ( CAREER DEB-1943626 ) to C.R., and the three reviewers for their very useful comments. We thank the following for helping us to collect samples: C.S. Moreau, F.A. Esteves, S. Van Noort, N. Gunawardene, C. Poteaux, T. Bruscht, J.M. Gómez Durán, M. Molet, E. Vargo, Bui Tuan Viet, M.D. Goodisman, T. Delsinne, and J. Orive
Subjects: [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Ants, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, Reproduction, natural selection, phylogenomics, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, leptanillomorphs, [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, formicoid, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Animals, ant, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [INFO.INFO-BI]Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM], Selection, Genetic, Social Behavior, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, complex eusociality, Phylogeny
Abstract: The content of each folder/archive is described in this README. # phylogenies Command lines for producing the trees of their respective supplementary figures: Fig S1 : iqtree -s megaUce-auto-taxon75.fa -spp ./megaUce-auto-taxon75.partitions.txt -m GTR+F+I+G4 -bb 1000 -wbtl -pre megaUce-auto-taxon75.spp.gtrig4 Fig S2 : iqtree -s megaAcuTri-autotrue.faa -wbtl -bb 1000 -m LG+C20+F+G -ft megaAcuTri-auto.faa.removeBad.spp.lgfg4.treefile -pre megaAcuTri-autotrue.truepmfs Fig S3 : iqtree -s megaAntBeeTri-auto.faa -spp ./megaAntBeeTri-auto.faa.partitions.txt -wbtl --symtest-remove-bad -bb 1000 -alrt 1000 -m LG+F+G4 -pre megaAntBeeTri-auto.faa.removeBad.spp.lgfg4.alrt.treefile Fig S4 : iqtree -s megaAntBeeTri-autotrue.faa -wbtl -bb 1000 -m LG+C20+F+G -ft megaAntBeeTri-auto.faa.removeBad.spp.lgfg4.alrt.treefile.treefile -pre megaAntBeeTri-autotrue.truepmfs Fig S5 : java -jar astral.5.7.4.jar -i ./genes500trees.orthoAntBeeTriModelSearch.nwk -o astral.orthoAntBeeTriModelSearch500.nwk # random_outgroup_removal The archive contains the amino-acid alignments (faa files) and results (treefiles) of the analysis of random outgroup removal. The number of outgroups can be determined by the number after the -o in the filename (e.g. the -o115 file contains all outgroups, no outgroup in -o0). # mcmctree-independant-clock For divergence time analyses we used a node dating approach, as implemented in MCMCTree, a part of the PAML package, v4.10 (Yang 2007). MCMCTree utilized rapid approximate likelihood computation (dos Reis and Yang 2011), which makes it suitable for divergence dating of genome-scale data sets (dos Reis et al. 2012). Due to computational constraints, we used an alignment with loci containing a minimum of 95% of our 83 taxa, totaling 182,809 amino acid sites (available in the folder with the filename megaAntBeeTri-autotrue95.removeBad.faa). We fixed the topology to be the same as our analysis of the full alignment. We constrained our root node with a soft bound maximum age of 236 Ma, corresponding to the lower bound of the 95% highest posterior density (HPD) interval for that split in Peters et al. (2017). We also set soft bounds on the root of the Formicidae to be 103 Ma and 169 Ma, corresponding to upper 95% bound of HPD in Borowiec et al. (2019) and lower bound in Economo et al. (2018), the two most divergent of recent estimates of the age of the family (Borowiec et al. 2020). We also used the following minimum node age constraints based on fossils: • MRCA of Ambylopone australis and Apomyrma CF02 at least 34 Ma old, based on two species of Stigmatomma in Baltic amber (Dlussky 2009). • MRCA of Lioponera sp and Aenictus glabrinotum at least 34 Ma old, based on three species of Procerapachys in Baltic amber (Dlussky 2009). • MRCA of Pseudomyrmex pallidus and Tetraponera allaborans at least 52 Ma old, based on three species of Tetraponera in Oise amber (Aria et al. 2011). • MRCA of Aneuretus simoni and Tapinoma erraticum at least 78 Ma old, based on Chronomyrmex medicinehatensis in Grassy Lake amber (McKellar et al. 2013). • MRCA of Myrmelachista zeledoni and Atta cephalotes at least 92 Ma old, based on Kyromyrma neffi in New Jersey amber (Grimaldi and Agosti 2000). • MRCA of Anoplolepis gracilipes and Plagiolepis pygmaea at least 34 Ma old, based on six species of Plagiolepis in Baltic and other late Eocene ambers (Dlussky 2010). • MRCA of Polyrhachis dives and Camponotus fellah at least 34 Ma old, based on Camponotus mengei in Baltic amber (Wheeler 1915). • MRCA of Gnamptogenys sp and Ectatomma ruidum at least 34 Ma old, based on two species of Gnamptogenys in Baltic amber (Dlussky 2009). • MRCA of Myrmica rubra and Pogonomyrmex barbatus at least 34 Ma old, based on Myrmica species from Baltic and Saxonian ambers (Dlussky and Rasnitsyn 2009). • MRCA of Temnothorax nylanderi and Vollenhovia emeryi at least 34 Ma old, based on six described species of Temnothorax in Baltic amber (Dlussky and Rasnitsyn 2009). We also applied We ran each analysis unpartitioned, under the LG model for 5 million generations. We examined each run’s statistics in Tracer and confirmed convergence and sufficient effective sample sizes (>>200) for all parameters. All results are available in the mcmctree-independant-clock folder. Bibliography: Yang, Z. (2007). PAML 4: phylogenetic analysis by maximum likelihood. Molecular biology and evolution, 24(8), 1586-1591. Reis, M. D., & Yang, Z. (2011). Approximate likelihood calculation on a phylogeny for Bayesian estimation of divergence times. Molecular biology and evolution, 28(7), 2161-2172. dos Reis, M., Inoue, J., Hasegawa, M., Asher, R. J., Donoghue, P. C., & Yang, Z. (2012). Phylogenomic datasets provide both precision and accuracy in estimating the timescale of placental mammal phylogeny. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 279(1742), 3491-3500. Peters, R. S., Krogmann, L., Mayer, C., Donath, A., Gunkel, S., Meusemann, K., ... & Niehuis, O. (2017). Evolutionary history of the Hymenoptera. Current Biology, 27(7), 1013-1018. Borowiec, M. L., Rabeling, C., Brady, S. G., Fisher, B. L., Schultz, T. R., & Ward, P. S. (2019). Compositional heterogeneity and outgroup choice influence the internal phylogeny of the ants. Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 134, 111-121. Economo, E. P., Narula, N., Friedman, N. R., Weiser, M. D., & Guénard, B. (2018). Macroecology and macroevolution of the latitudinal diversity gradient in ants. Nature communications, 9(1), 1-8. Borowiec, M. L., Moreau, C. S., Rabeling, C., & Starr, C. K. (2020). Ants: phylogeny and classification. Encyclopedia of social insects.–Springer International Publishing, Cham, 1-18. Dlussky, G. M. (2009). The ant subfamilies Ponerinae, Cerapachyinae, and Pseudomyrmecinae (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in the late Eocene ambers of Europe. Paleontological Journal, 43(9), 1043-1086. Dlussky, G. M. (2009). The ant subfamilies Ponerinae, Cerapachyinae, and Pseudomyrmecinae (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in the late Eocene ambers of Europe. Paleontological Journal, 43(9), 1043-1086. Aria, C., Perrichot, V., & Nel, A. (2011). Fossil Ponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Early Eocene amber of France. Zootaxa, 2870(1), 53-62. McKellar, R. C., Glasier, J. R., & Engel, M. S. (2013). New ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Dolichoderinae) from Canadian Late Cretaceous amber. Bulletin of Geosciences, 88(3), 583-594. Grimaldi, D., & Agosti, D. (2000). A formicine in New Jersey Cretaceous amber (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and early evolution of the ants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 97(25), 13678-13683. Dlussky, G. M. (2010). Ants of the genus Plagiolepis Mayr (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from late Eocene ambers of Europe. Paleontological Journal, 44(5), 546-555. Wheeler, W. M. 1915 ("1914"). The ants of the Baltic Amber. Schriften der Physikalisch-Ökonomischen Gesellschaft zu Königsberg 55:1-142. # absrelAnalysis We provide three main folders containing the data and results of the absrel analysis on the three cleaning strategies of the article. Main cleaning strategy presented in the article is the most stringent one: hmmcleaner-75codons (corresponding to hmmcleaner cleaning and keeping only codons that are complete in 75% of species of the alignment). For each strategy, we provide cleaned fasta files for each alignments, a corresponding tree and the json output result of the absrel analysis. All runs of absrel have been performed with the following example command line: hyphy absrel --code Universal --alignment alignmentEXAMPLE.fasta --tree treeEXAMPLE.tr --branches All We also provide the scripts of hmmcleaner v1.8 that we used with the following example command: ./HMMcleanAA.pl alignmentEXAMPLE.fasta 5 Low effective population sizes tend to decrease the efficiency of purifying selection, which increases the global rate of non-synonymous substitutions in the whole genome. To explore whether the particularly high increase of positive selection events detected on the branch leading to formicoids is associated to particularly low effective population sizes, we also used absrel output to compute the average omega (Baseline MG94xREV omega ratio, i.e. dN/dS - non-synonymous substitution rate over synonymous substitution rate) of each branch. To avoid biasing average omega with extreme values, we excluded genes with omega ratios of more than 2. Results ar available in Table S3. For every cleaning strategy, the branch leading to formicoids (i.e. branch id 25) does not display the highest average omega ratio (28th, 30th and 34th highest values for HmmCleaner only, 50% complete codon cleaning and 75% complete codon cleaning, respectively), which suggest that its high increase of positive selection events is not associated to particularly low effective population sizes. # GeneFamilyAnalysis This folder contains 7 numbered folders grouping: 1 - An example of control files of the maker2 pipeline for gene prediction. 2 - The resulting protein gene sets with from genes with more than 1000 nucleotides. 3 - The main output files of orthofinder on these protein gene sets 4 - Input files (gene counts table and chronogram newick file) for running the CAFE5 analysis. 5 - Output files of the CAFE5 analyses after excluding gene families with more than 50 between the max and min counts 6 - eggNOG annotation of our protein gene sets 7 - topGO analysis input (orthoGOall.csv for GOterms associated to each gene families and orthoGOsignif.csv for just gene families identified in significant expansion/contraction by CAFE5) and output table. # assemblies.tar.gz This archive contains all assemblies of the genomes sequenced for this study. Refers to Table S1 of the article for translating acronymes in species names. &nbsp
Published: 2022
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130. Stoichiometric Ecotoxicology for a Multisubstance World

Author: Laure Pecquerie, James H. Larson, Kimberly L. Schulz, Chiara Accolla, David M. Costello, Yun Kang, Roxanne Karimi, Roger M. Nisbet, J. Thad Scott, Erica M. Rutter, Kevin B. Flores, Nathan Pollesch, Michael Danger, Paul C. Frost, Nicole D. Wagner, Bryan W. Brooks, Rebecca A. Everett, Louise M. Stevenson, Justin N. Murdock, Christopher M. Heggerud, Gregory D. Mayer, Hao Wang, Angela Peace, Teresa J. Mathews, Yang Kuang, Cheryl A. Murphy, Philipp Antczak, Department of Mathematics and Statistics [Texas Tech], Texas Tech University [Lubbock] (TTU), Trent University, Baylor University, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System, Center for Molecular Medicine [Cologne] (CMMC), University of Cologne, Kent State University, Department of Mathematics and Statistics [Haverford], Haverford College, Center for Research in Scientific Computation [Raleigh] (CRSC), North Carolina State University [Raleigh] (NC State), University of North Carolina System (UNC)-University of North Carolina System (UNC), University of Alberta, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences [Stony Brook] (SoMAS), Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Environmental Sciences Division [Oak Ridge], Oak Ridge National Laboratory [Oak Ridge] (ORNL), UT-Battelle, LLC-UT-Battelle, LLC, Tennessee Tech University [Cookeville] (TTU), Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System, Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology [Santa Barbara] (EEMB), University of California [Santa Barbara] (UCSB), University of California-University of California, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), University of California [Merced], University of California, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry (SUNY-ESF), State University of New York (SUNY), UT-Battelle, LLC, Department of Computing Science [Edmonton], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), and Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Chemistry, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, toxicity, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, 010501 environmental sciences, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, multiple stressors, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Ecotoxicology, nutrient ratios, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, elemental imbalances, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, ecotoxicological models, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Nutritional and contaminant stressors influence organismal physiology, trophic interactions, community structure, and ecosystem-level processes; however, the interactions between toxicity and elemental imbalance in food resources have been examined in only a few ecotoxicity studies. Integrating well-developed ecological theories that cross all levels of biological organization can enhance our understanding of ecotoxicology. In the present article, we underline the opportunity to couple concepts and approaches used in the theory of ecological stoichiometry (ES) to ask ecotoxicological questions and introduce stoichiometric ecotoxicology, a subfield in ecology that examines how contaminant stress, nutrient supply, and elemental constraints interact throughout all levels of biological organization. This conceptual framework unifying ecotoxicology with ES offers potential for both empirical and theoretical studies to deepen our mechanistic understanding of the adverse outcomes of chemicals across ecological scales and improve the predictive powers of ecotoxicology.
Published: 2021
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131. The Heterogeneous Landscape and Early Evolution of Pathogen-Associated CpG Dinucleotides in SARS-CoV-2

Author: Benjamin D. Greenbaum, Petr Šulc, Rémi Monasson, Andrea Di Gioacchino, Simona Cocco, Anastassia V. Komarova, Physique Statistique et Inférence pour la Biologie, Laboratoire de physique de l'ENS - ENS Paris (LPENS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Département de Physique de l'ENS-PSL, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Département de Physique de l'ENS-PSL, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN - Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses (GMV-ARN (UMR_3569 / U-Pasteur_2)), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Memorial Sloane Kettering Cancer Center [New York], This work was partially supported by the ANR-19 Decrypted CE30-0021-01 grants. B.G. was supported by National Institutes of Health grants 7R01AI081848-04, 1R01CA240924-01, a Stand Up to Cancer – Lustgarten Foundation Convergence Dream Team Grant, and The Pershing Square Sohn Prize—Mark Foundation Fellow supported by funding from The Mark Foundation for Cancer Research., We thank Nicolas Vabret for discussions and reading of the manuscript, Eddie Holmes and Marta Luksza for helpful exchanges. We gratefully acknowledge the authors, originating and submitting laboratories of the sequences from GISAID’s EpiCoV(TM) Database on which this research is based., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Laboratoire de physique de l'ENS - ENS Paris (LPENS (UMR_8023)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)
Subjects: CpG motifs, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Context (language use), Genome, Viral, Biology, AcademicSubjects/SCI01180, Genome, Article, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, viral host mimicry, Genetics, Humans, Coding region, Molecular Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ssRNA viruses, 030304 developmental biology, Subgenomic mRNA, Zinc finger, 0303 health sciences, 030306 microbiology, SARS-CoV-2, Pathogen-associated molecular pattern, Pattern recognition receptor, AcademicSubjects/SCI01130, COVID-19, 3. Good health, evolution of synonymous mutations, pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), CpG site, Codon usage bias, RNA, Viral, CpG Islands, pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), Synonymous substitution, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to acute respiratory syndrome in patients, which can be due in part to dysregulated immune signalling. We analyze here the occurrences of CpG dinucleotides, which are putative pathogen-associated molecular patterns, along the viral sequence. Carrying out a comparative analysis with other ssRNA viruses and within the Coronaviridae family, we find the CpG content of SARS-CoV-2, while low compared to other betacoronaviruses, widely fluctuates along its primary sequence. While the CpG relative abundance and its associated CpG force parameter are low for the spike protein (S) and comparable to circulating seasonal coronaviruses such as HKU1, they are much greater and comparable to SARS and MERS for the 3'-end of the viral genome. In particular, the nucleocapsid protein (N), whose transcripts are relatively abundant in the cytoplasm of infected cells and present in the 3'UTRs of all subgenomic RNA, has high CpG content. We speculate this dual nature of CpG content can confer to SARS-CoV-2 high ability to both enter the host and trigger pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in different contexts. We then investigate the evolution of synonymous mutations since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a new application of selective forces on dinucleotides to estimate context driven mutational processes, we find that synonymous mutations seem driven both by the viral codon bias and by the high value of the CpG force in the N protein, leading to a loss in CpG content. Sequence motifs preceding these CpG-loss-associated loci match recently identified binding patterns of the Zinc Finger anti-viral Protein (ZAP) protein. Funding: This work was partially supported by the ANR19 Decrypted CE30-0021-01 grants. B.G. was supported by National Institutes of Health grants 7R01AI081848-04, 1R01CA240924-01, a Stand Up to Cancer - Lustgarten Foundation Convergence Dream Team Grant, and The Pershing Square Sohn Prize - Mark Foundation Fellow supported by funding from The Mark Foundation for Cancer Research.
Published: 2021
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132. Paradoxes of Ghettoization: Juhapura ‘in’ Ahmedabad

Author: Laliwala, Sharik, Jaffrelot, Christophe, Thakka, Priyal, Desai, Abida, Chercheur indépendant, Centre de recherches internationales (Sciences Po, CNRS) (CERI), Sciences Po (Sciences Po)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Centre for Equity Studies, and Centre de recherches internationales (CERI)
Subjects: violence, muslims, ghettoization, Juhapura, India, [SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science
Abstract: ...
Published: 2021

133. Modeling of interspecies electron transfer in anaerobic microbial communities

Author: Elie Desmond-Le Quéméner, Andrew K. Marcus, Nicolas Bernet, Roman Moscoviz, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement [Narbonne] (LBE), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre International de Recherche Sur l'Eau et l'Environnement [Suez] (CIRSEE), SUEZ ENVIRONNEMENT (FRANCE), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), ANR-10-LABX-0001,AGRO,Agricultural Sciences for sustainable Development(2010), and ANR-16-IDEX-0006,MUSE,MUSE(2016)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0303 health sciences, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Microbiota, Biomedical Engineering, Hydrogen transfer, Electrons, Bioengineering, 01 natural sciences, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, Energy sharing, Electron Transport, 03 medical and health sciences, Electron transfer, 13. Climate action, 010608 biotechnology, Environmental science, Anaerobiosis, Biochemical engineering, Methane, Oxidation-Reduction, 030304 developmental biology, Biotechnology
Abstract: International audience; Interspecies electron transfer (IET) is a key phenomenon in anaerobic ecosystems, which is traditionally modeled as hydrogen transfer. Recently discovered alternative mediated IET (MIET) or direct IET (DIET) offer exciting alternative mechanisms of microbial partnerships that could lead to new strategies for the improvement of biotechnologies. Here, we analyze mathematical modeling of DIET and MIET in anaerobic ecosystems. Bioenergetics approaches already enable the evaluation of different energy sharing scenarios between microorganisms and give interesting clues on redox mediators and on possible ways of driving microbial communities relying on IET. The modeling of DIET kinetics however is currently only in its infancy. Recent concepts introduced for the modeling of electroactive biofilms should be further exploited. Recent modeling examples confirms the potential of DIET to increase the IET rates compared to H2-MIET, but also point out the need for additional characterizations of biological components supporting IET to improve predictions.
Published: 2021
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134. Real-time tracking of bacterial membrane vesicles reveals enhanced membrane traffic upon antibiotic exposure

Author: Bos, Julia, Cisneros, Luis H., Mazel, Didier, Plasticité du Génome Bactérien - Bacterial Genome Plasticity (PGB), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), This work was supported by Institut Pasteur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, French Government’s Investissement d’Avenir program Laboratoire d’Excellence ‘Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases’ [ANR-10-LABX-62- IBEID], and the French National Research Agency (ANR Unibac ANR-17-CE13-0010-01). L.H.C. acknowledges funding and support from the Arizona Cancer Evolution Center in the Biodesign Center for Biocomputing, Security and Society at Arizona State University., ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), ANR-17-CE13-0010,UniBac,Etude de l'émergence de la résistance aux antibiotiques et de la diversification génétique chez les bactéries à l'échelle de cellules uniques.(2017), and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Diffusion, Bacteria, Microscopy, Fluorescence, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Cell Membrane, Biophysics, SciAdv r-articles, Microbiology, Research Articles, Research Article, Anti-Bacterial Agents
Abstract: Tracking membrane vesicle behavior in living bacterial microcolonies reveals that vesicle transport is enhanced with antibiotics., Membrane vesicles are ubiquitous carriers of molecular information. A broad understanding of the biological functions of membrane vesicles in bacteria remains elusive because of the imaging challenges during real-time in vivo experiments. Here, we provide a quantitative analysis of the motion of individual vesicles in living microbes using fluorescence microscopy, and we show that while vesicle free diffusion in the intercellular space is rare, vesicles mostly disperse along the bacterial surfaces along the bacterial surfaces. Most remarkably, when bacteria are challenged with low doses of antibiotics, vesicle production and traffic, quantified by instantaneous vesicle speeds and total traveled distance per unit time, are significantly enhanced. Furthermore, the enhanced vesicle movement is independent of cell clustering properties but rather is associated with a reduction of the density of surface appendages in response to antibiotics. Together, our results provide insights into the emerging field of spatial organization and dynamics of membrane vesicles in microcolonies.
Published: 2021
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135. Ultrafast structural changes within a photosynthetic reaction centre

Author: Rebecka Andersson, Gisela Brändén, Gergely Katona, Michał Maj, Antoine Royant, David Arnlund, Hoi Ling Luk, Oleksandr Yefanov, Despina Milathianaki, Sergio Carbajo, Robert Bosman, Greger Hammarin, Linda C. Johansson, Adams Vallejos, Elin Claesson, Joseph Robinson, Cecilia Wickstrand, Erik Malmerberg, Cecilia Safari, Garth J. Williams, Chelsie E. Conrad, Kenneth R. Beyerlein, Richard Neutze, Anton Barty, Chufeng Li, Rajiv Harimoorthy, Daniel P. DePonte, Amit Sharma, Mark S. Hunter, Sébastien Boutet, Viktor Ahlberg Gagnér, Garrett Nelson, Dmitry Morozov, Stella Lisova, Jan Davidsson, Joachim Kübel, Petra Båth, Robert Dods, Mengning Liang, Sebastian Westenhoff, Peter Dahl, Peter Berntsen, Gerrit Groenhof, Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology [Gothenburg], University of Gothenburg (GU), Department of Chemistry [Jyväskylä Univ] (JYU), University of Jyväskylä (JYU), Nanoscience Center [Jyväskylä Univ] (NSC@JYU), Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron [Hamburg] (DESY), Department of Physics, Arizona State University (ASU), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Stanford University-Stanford University, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging [Victoria, Australia], Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division [Berkeley, CA, USA], Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), University of Southern California (USC), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85282, U.S.A., Institut de biologie structurale (IBS - UMR 5075), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Department of Chemistry – Ångström Laboratory, UPPSALA University, Box 538, 75120, Uppsala, Sweden, and Uppsala University
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Photosynthetic reaction centre, Chlorophyll, Models, Molecular, klorofylli, Cytoplasm, Ubiquinone, Photosynthetic Reaction Center Complex Proteins, Electrons, 02 engineering and technology, Photochemistry, medicine.disease_cause, yhteyttäminen, bakteerit, Electron Transport, 03 medical and health sciences, Electron transfer, medicine, Molecule, ddc:530, Bacteriochlorophylls, bioenergetiikka, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Hyphomicrobiaceae, Multidisciplinary, Binding Sites, Crystallography, [SDV.BBM.BS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Structural Biology [q-bio.BM], Chemistry, Blastochloris viridis, Lasers, kalvot (biologia), Pheophytins, Biological membrane, Vitamin K 2, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Acceptor, 030104 developmental biology, Picosecond, Femtosecond, sense organs, Protons, 0210 nano-technology, Oxidation-Reduction, röntgenkristallografia
Abstract: Nature / Physical science 589, 310 - 314 (2021). doi:10.1038/s41586-020-3000-7, Photosynthetic reaction centres harvest the energy content of sunlight by transporting electrons across an energy-transducing biological membrane. Here we use time-resolved serial femtosecond crystallography1 using an X-ray free-electron laser2 to observe light-induced structural changes in the photosynthetic reaction centre of Blastochloris viridis on a timescale of picoseconds. Structural perturbations first occur at the special pair of chlorophyll molecules of the photosynthetic reaction centre that are photo-oxidized by light. Electron transfer to the menaquinone acceptor on the opposite side of the membrane induces a movement of this cofactor together with lower amplitude protein rearrangements. These observations reveal how proteins use conformational dynamics to stabilize the charge-separation steps of electron-transfer reactions., Published by Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature, London
Published: 2021
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136. Determinants of Legacy Persistent Organic Pollutant Levels in the European Pond Turtle (Emys orbicularis) in the Camargue Wetland, France

Author: Marion Vittecoq, Fabrice Alliot, Gabriel Blouin-Demers, Louisiane Burkart, Aurélie Goutte, Nicolas Martin, Anthony Olivier, Olivier Lourdais, Clément Le Gac, Institut de recherche de la Tour du Valat, Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), and University of Ottawa [Ottawa]
Subjects: Male, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Biomagnification, Wetland, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Polychlorinated biphenyl, chemistry.chemical_compound, Persistent Organic Pollutants, organochlorine pesticides, law, Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated, Environmental Chemistry, Animals, 14. Life underwater, Turtle (robot), Pesticides, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, Persistent organic pollutant, geography.geographical_feature_category, PCB, Emys orbicularis, biology, Delta wetlands, Reptiles, Hexachlorobenzene, biology.organism_classification, Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Turtles, Fishery, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Bioaccumulation, Wetlands, Environmental science, Environmental Pollutants, Female, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract: Many banned persistent organic pollutants (POPs) remain for decades in the aquatic environment and can have harmful effects on long-lived predators because of their high bioaccumulation and biomagnification potentials. We investigated the occurrence and levels of 18 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and 16 organochlorine pesticides in European pond turtles (n = 174) from April to July 2018 in the Camargue wetland, France. Although the Camargue was highly contaminated in previous decades, plasma occurrence and levels of POPs were very low: we were able to quantify only 3 of the 34 compounds we analyzed in >10% of the turtles. The burdens from POPs did not differ between males and females and were uncorrelated with sampling date and body mass. We observed differences in POP burdens between turtles from the 2 sampling sites. One possible explanation is that the sampling sites were in different agricultural hydraulic systems: plasma occurrence and levels were higher for PCB-52 and hexachlorobenzene in turtles captured in drainage channels and for PCB-153 at the site that receives irrigation. Finally, the occurrence and levels of PCB-153 in turtles increased with age, likely because of bioaccumulation and much higher exposure 20 to 30 yr ago than now. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:2261-2268. © 2021 SETAC.
Published: 2021
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137. Assessing the Roles of Tectonics and Climate in Building Up and Breaking Down the Greater Caucasus Mountains: A Combined Analysis of Topography, Hydroclimate, Detrital Zircon (U-Th)/He, and 10Be Erosion Rate Data

Author: Forte, Adam, Léonard, Joël, Gutterman, Kate, Rossi, Matthew, van Soest, Matthijs, Whipple, Kelin, Heimsath, Arjun, Gallagher, Kerry, Al., Et, Dubigeon, Isabelle, Louisiana State University (LSU), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), University of Colorado [Boulder], Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDU.STU.GC] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDU.STU.TE] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics
Abstract: International audience; The Greater Caucasus (GC) mountains, a young (5-10 million years old) actively deforming mountain range within the central Arabia-Eurasia collision, are an interesting location to examine interplays between tectonics and climatically mediated surface processes. Currently, the range experiences an along-strike, order of magnitude eastward increase in convergence rate and decrease in precipitation, but has remarkably similar topography. Previous work suggests a role for either dynamic topography driven by slab detachment beneath the slowly-converging and wet western GC or dramatically different long-term convergence histories along-strike. However, other work has found no clear relation between climate proxies and the topography or tectonics of the GC, contrasting with expectations for strong climate-tectonics coupling. Assessing these hypotheses has proven challenging given the lack of millennial scale erosion rates or spatially consistent thermochronology datasets, with the latter data being almost exclusively located in the western GC. We have addressed these deficiencies with new datasets collected along-strike, consisting of 34 catchment averaged 10Be erosion rates and 623 single grain, doubly dated U-Pb and (U-Th)/He ages from zircons extracted from 7 of the 10Be catchments. We integrate these new data with detailed analyses of the hydroclimatic setting of the GC from modern streamflow records, topography, and recently published long-term regional plate motion reconstructions. We find that millennial scale erosion rates largely mirror decadal scale convergence rates. However, longer-term rates of cooling or implied rates of exhumation are remarkably consistent along-strike, implying that modern convergence rates do not reflect long-term rates. Neither the millennial or long-term rates of erosion or cooling are consistent with a contribution to rock uplift from slab detachment. Instead, exhumation rates and topography are well explained by a simple model of orogenic growth driven by long-term convergence from plate models. Finally, the insensitivity of topography and tectonics to precipitation seems related to the sublinear nature of the topography-erosion rate relationship, likely driven by the importance of snowmelt hydrology in driving low daily stream runoff variability.
Published: 2021

138. Introducing ‘Anthropocene Science’: A New International Journal for Addressing Human Impact on the Resilience of Planet Earth

Author: Patrick J. O’Farrell, Danny Hunter, Pete Smith, Othmane Merah, Saskia Keesstra, Ruth DeFries, Lindsay C. Stringer, Simone Bastianoni, Simron Jit Singh, Weiqiang Chen, Shizuka Hashimoto, Leonardo Fernandes Fraceto, Purushothaman Chirakkuzhyil Abhilash, Billie Turner, Prajal Pradhan, Neven S. Fučkar, Banaras Hindu University [Varanasi] (BHU), Università degli Studi di Siena = University of Siena (UNISI), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Columbia University [New York], Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho = São Paulo State University (UNESP), University of Oxford [Oxford], The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), The Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) [Cali], Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) [Rome] (Alliance), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Team Soil Water and Land Use, Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen UR, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Chimie Agro-Industrielle (CAI), Ecole nationale supérieure des ingénieurs en arts chimiques et technologiques-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Cape Town, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), School of Environment, Enterprise and Development [Waterloo] (SEED), University of Waterloo [Waterloo], University of Aberdeen, University of York [York, UK], and Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU)
Subjects: Sustainable development, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Environmental ethics, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Editorial, Anthropocene, Planet, Political science, Earth (chemistry), Resilience (network), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021
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139. The evolution of knowledge processing and the sustainability conundrum

Author: Stéphane Grumbach, Sander van der Leeuw, Dynamique du pouvoir dans l'anthropocene (DATASPHERE), Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), and Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU)
Subjects: Global and Planetary Change, [SHS.INFO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Library and information sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, [INFO.INFO-SI]Computer Science [cs]/Social and Information Networks [cs.SI]
Abstract: Non-technical summary Our time seems to be trapped in a paradox. On the one hand, the capacity to master information has tremendously increased, but on the other hand the capacity to use the knowledge humanity produces seems at stake. There is a gap between our capacity to know and our capacity to act. We attempt to better understand that situation by considering the evolution of knowledge processing along human history, in particular the relation between the development of information technologies and the complexity of societies, the balance between the known and the unknown, and the current emergence of autonomous machines allowing intelligent processes. Technical summary Information-processing capacities developed historically in conjunction with the complexity of human societies. Positive feedback loops contributed to the co-evolution of knowledge, social organization, environmental transformation, and information technologies. Very powerful loops now drive the rapid emergence of global digital platforms, disrupting legacy organizations and economic equilibria. The simultaneous emergence of the awareness of the sustainability conundrum and the digital revolution is striking. Both are extremely disruptive and contribute to a surge in complexity, but how do they relate to each other? Paradoxically, as the capacity to master information increases, the capacity to use the knowledge humanity produces seems to lag. The objective of this paper is to analyze the current divergence between knowledge and action, from the angle of the co-evolution of information processing and societal transformation. We show how the interplay between perception and action, between the known and the unknown, between information processing and ontological uncertainty, has evolved toward a sense of control, a hubris, which abolishes the unknown and hinders action. A possible outcome of this interplay might lead to a society controlled to stay in its safe operating space, involving a strong delegation of information processing to autonomous machines, as well as extensive forms of biopolitics. Social media summary The sustainability conundrum and the digital revolution are entangled phenomena leading to complexity and disruption.
Published: 2021
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140. Biogeographic history and habitat specialization shape floristic and phylogenetic composition across Amazonian forests

Author: Christopher Baraloto, Jean-Yves Goret, C. E. Timothy Paine, Paul V. A. Fine, Elodie Allie, Jason Vleminckx, Elvis H. Valderrama Sandoval, Freddie Draper, Julien Engel, Nállarett Dávila, Oscar J. Valverde-Barrantes, Juan Ernesto Guevara Andino, Claire Fortunel, Marcos Ríos, Italo Mesones, Pascal Petronelli, Aurélie Dourdain, Florida International University [Miami] (FIU), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP), Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana [Loreto, Perou] (UNAP), University of California [Berkeley], University of California, Universidad de Las Américas [Ecuador] (UDLA), University of New England (UNE), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), University of Leeds, ANR-13-BSV7-0009,NEBEDIV,Le rôle des ennemis naturels dans la diversité béta des arbres tropicaux(2013), and ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Beta diversity, Amazonian, Climate, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Floristics, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Flooded forest, Forest structure, Specialization (functional), parasitic diseases, Peru, Tropical rainforest, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Phylogenetic tree, Amazon rainforest, Ecology, Community assembly, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, White-sand forest, 15. Life on land, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, French Guiana, Geography, Habitat, Soil properties, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; A major challenge remains to understand the relative contributions of history, dispersal, and environmental filtering to the assembly of hyperdiverse communities across spatial scales. Here, we examine the extent to which biogeographical history and habitat specialization have generated turnover among and within lineages of Amazonian trees across broad geographic and environmental gradients. We replicated standardized tree inventories in 102 0.1-ha plots located in two distant regions—the western Amazon and the eastern Guiana shield. Within each region, we used a nested design to replicate plots on contrasted habitats: white-sand, terra firme, and seasonally flooded forests. Our plot network encompassed 26,386 trees that together represented 2,745 distinct taxa, which we standardized across all plots and regions. We combined taxonomic and phylogenetic data with detailed soil measurements and climatic data to: (1) test whether patterns of taxonomic and phylogenetic composition are consistent with recent or historical processes, (2) disentangle the relative effects of habitat, environment, and geographic distance on taxonomic and phylogenetic turnover among plots, and (3) contrast the proportion of habitat specialists among species from each region. We found substantial species turnover between Peru and French Guiana, with only 8.8% of species shared across regions; genus composition remained differentiated across habitats and regions, whereas turnover at higher taxonomic levels (family, order) was much lower. Species turnover across plots was explained primarily by regions, but also substantially by habitat differences and to a lesser extent by spatial distance within regions. Conversely, the composition of higher taxonomic levels was better explained by habitats (especially comparing white-sand forests to other habitats) than spatial distance. White-sand forests harbored most of the habitat specialists in both regions, with stronger habitat specialization in Peru than in French Guiana. Our results suggest that recent diversification events have resulted in extremely high turnover in species and genus composition with relatively little change in the composition of higher lineages. Our results also emphasize the contributions of rare habitats, such as white-sand forests, to the extraordinary diversity of the Amazon and underline their importance as conservation priorities.
Published: 2021
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141. Parental age does not influence offspring telomeres during early life in common gulls ( Larus canus )

Author: Kristina Noreikiene, Lauri Saks, Tuul Sepp, Richard Meitern, Kalev Rattiste, Mathieu Giraudeau, Jeffrey D. Kittilson, Peeter Hõrak, Britt J. Heidinger, Janek Urvik, Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), University of Tartu, Chair of Aquaculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences [Estonia], Estonian University of Life Sciences (EMU), Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (IAES), Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), and Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, biology, Offspring, Hatching, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Maternal effect, Zoology, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Early life, Telomere, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, Ageing, embryonic structures, Genetics, Larus, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Foster parents, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Parental age can affect offspring telomere length through heritable and epigenetic-like effects, but at what stage during development these effects are established is not well known. To address this, we conducted a cross-fostering experiment in common gulls (Larus canus) that enabled us distinguish between pre- and post-natal parental age effects on offspring telomere length. Whole clutches were exchanged after clutch completion within and between parental age classes (young and old) and blood samples were collected from chicks at hatching and during the fastest growth phase (11 days later) to measure telomeres. Neither the ages of the natal nor the foster parents predicted the telomere length or the change in telomere lengths of their chicks. Telomere length (TL) was repeatable within chicks, but increased across development (repeatability = 0.55, intraclass correlation coefficient within sampling events 0.934). Telomere length and the change in telomere length were not predicted by post-natal growth rate. Taken together, these findings suggest that in common gulls, telomere length during early life is not influenced by parental age or growth rate, which may indicate that protective mechanisms buffer telomeres from external conditions during development in this relatively long-lived species.
Published: 2021
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142. Non-gaussian vectors modeling by compressed principal component analysis

Author: Marc Mignolet, Christian Soize, Soize, Christian, Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Laboratoire Modélisation et Simulation Multi-Echelle (MSME), and Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Gustave Eiffel
Subjects: [MATH.MATH-PR]Mathematics [math]/Probability [math.PR], [STAT]Statistics [stat], [MATH.MATH-PR] Mathematics [math]/Probability [math.PR], machine learning, [STAT.ML]Statistics [stat]/Machine Learning [stat.ML], ComputingMilieux_THECOMPUTINGPROFESSION, principal component analysis, ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDSOCIETY, ComputingMilieux_LEGALASPECTSOFCOMPUTING, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, data compression, [STAT.ML] Statistics [stat]/Machine Learning [stat.ML], [STAT] Statistics [stat]
Abstract: Virtual Congress; International audience
Published: 2021

143. Mass transfer and residence time distribution in an electrochemical cell with an air-diffusion electrode: Effect of air pressure and mesh promoters

Author: Sergi Garcia-Segura, Enric Brillas, W. Shane Walker, Aksana Atrashkevich, Eliane Bezerra Cavalcanti, Ana S. Fajardo, Department of Civil Engineering Center for Inland Desalination Systems, University of Texas [El Paso] (UTEP ), Instituto de Tecnologia e Pesquisa (ITP), University Tiradentes (UNIT), Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Laboratoire Interfaces et Systèmes Electrochimiques (LISE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratori d'Electroquímica dels Materials i del Medi Ambient (Barcelona, Spain), and Universitat de Barcelona (UB)
Subjects: air-diffusion electrode, Materials science, Atmospheric pressure, General Chemical Engineering, Diffusion, advanced oxidation processes, Electrochemical engineering, 02 engineering and technology, water treatment, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Residence time distribution, Electrochemistry, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Electrochemical cell, electrochemical engineering, Chemical engineering, Mass transfer, Electrode, 0210 nano-technology, electro-Fenton, [CHIM.OTHE]Chemical Sciences/Other
Abstract: International audience; Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) have shown excellent capabilities to the abatement of recalcitrant organic pollutants. The Fenton-based electrochemical systems have shown great performance for in-situ generation of H2O2, allowing an efficient • OH production for the mineralization of organic pollutants. These systems have been widely applied at bench scale; however, studies to scale-up to a higher technology readiness level (TRL) are lacking. One of the main scale-up challenges of the Fenton-based systems is the implementation of air diffusion electrodes (ADE) in flow-by electrochemical cells. The ADE adds additional complexity with respect to mass transfer effects due to hydraulic reactor design and ADE gas pressure control. Therefore, this work experimentally investigated residence time distribution and platinum-sheet electrode mass transfer effects due to (a) the liquid cross-flow velocity through the electrochemical cell, (b) the gas pressure of the air-diffusion electrode (ADE), and (c) the presence of mesh sheet mass transfer promoters between the electrodes. Analysis of experimental results revealed a synergistic improvement of mass transfer with the ADE gas flow and the presence of mesh promoters. Engineers could exploit this synergistic effect to design electrochemical cells with significantly lower capital cost.
Published: 2021
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144. Effect of electrochemically-driven technologies on the treatment of endocrine disruptors in synthetic and real urban wastewater

Author: Marcos R.V. Lanza, Sergi Garcia-Segura, Ana S. Fajardo, Matheus S. Kronka, Alexsandro Jhones dos Santos, São Carlos Institut of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Laboratoire Interfaces et Systèmes Electrochimiques (LISE), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment, Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), and Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: General Chemical Engineering, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Bisphenol A, Electrochemistry, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, PARACETAMOL, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, Methyl paraben, Effluent, Pollutant, Water matrix, Mineralization (soil science), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 6. Clean water, 0104 chemical sciences, Real wastewater, Paracetamol, Wastewater, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Environmental science, Inorganic species, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; While it remains a challenging task, having a fundamental understanding of the influence of water matrix composition is of central importance for the removal of pollutants in electrochemical treatment processes. This work studied the effect of the complexity of different water matrices on the removal of endocrine disruptors using different electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) based on H2O2 electrogeneration. The study helped improve the understanding of synthetic and real urban wastewater, and the effective mechanisms for the treatment of pollutants in these effluents. The results obtained showed that, regardless of the medium applied, there was an increase in pollutants mineralization in the following order, based on the EAOPs method employed: electrochemical oxidation with H2O2 electrogeneration (EO-H2O2) < electro-Fenton (EF) < photoelectro-Fenton (PEF). Despite the slower degradation kinetics of the EO-H2O2 process, its wider pH range makes it suitable for implementation. Aside the degradation/mineralization performance of the EO-H2O2 process, a time-course analysis was conducted on the nitrogen and chloride-based ions in the solution investigated since their presence is vital for determining the final use of the treated effluents based on the parameters of water quality. These parameters include the established maximum concentration levels of the compounds in the water matrix allowed for human consumption or the legal limits of discharge for wastewater treatment facilities. The findings help shed light on the role of coexisting species in water matrix, since this affects the efficiency and competitiveness of EAOPs. Clearly, having detailed knowledge of the water matrix composition will help one to have a better understanding of EAOPs, and this will enable to obtain higher degradation levels in water treatment processes.
Published: 2021
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145. Science and Curation Considerations for the Design of a Mars Sample Return (MSR) Sample Receiving Facility

Author: Carrier, B. L., Beaty, D., Hutzler, Aurore, Smith, Alvin, Kminek, G., Meyer, M., Haltigin, T., Hays, Lindsay, Agee, Carl, Busemann, H., Cavalazzi, B., Cockell, C., Debaille, V, Glavin, D P, Grady, M., Hauber, Ernst, Marty, B., McCubbin, F. M., Pratt, Lisa, Regberg, Aaron, Smith, C., Summons, R E, Swindle, T. D., Tait, Kimberly, Tosca, N. J., Udry, Arya, Usui, Tomohiro, Velbel, Michael, Wadhwa, M., Westall, F., Zorzano, M.-P., California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), European Space Agency (ESA), NASA Headquarters, Canadian Space Agency (CSA), The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), University of Bologna, University of Edinburgh, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), German Aerospace Center (DLR), Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA, Indiana University [Bloomington], Indiana University System, The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), University of Glasgow, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), University of Arizona, Royal Ontario Museum, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), University of Nevada [Las Vegas] (WGU Nevada), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency [Tokyo] (JAXA), Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System, Smithsonian Institution, Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), University of Aberdeen, Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), University of Bologna/Università di Bologna, Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Frapart, Isabelle, Carrier B. L., Beaty D. W., Hutzler A., Smith A. L., Kminek G., Meyer M. A., Haltigin T., Hays L. E., Agee C. B., Busemann H., Cavalazzi B., Cockell C. S., Debaille V., Glavin D. P., Grady M. M., and Hauber E., Marty B., McCubbin F. M., Pratt L. M., Regberg A. B., Smith C. L., Summons R. E., Swindle T. D., Tait K. T., Tosca N. J., Udry A., Usui T., Velbel M. A., Wadhwa M., Westall F., Zorzano M. -P.
Subjects: geology, Extraterrestrial Environment, laboratory experiments, Sample Safety Assessment Protocol (SSAP), Plant Extracts, astrobiology, Reproducibility of Results, Mars, intrumentation, Space Flight, sample return, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), [SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics], containment, contamination, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Sample Receiving Facility (SRF), Mars Sample Return (MSR) Campaign, Spacecraft
Abstract: The most important single element of the "ground system" portion of a Mars Sample Return (MSR) Campaign is a facility referred to as the Sample Receiving Facility (SRF), which would need to be designed and equipped to receive the returned spacecraft, extract and open the sealed sample container, extract the samples from the sample tubes, and implement a set of evaluations and analyses of the samples. One of the main findings of the first MSR Sample Planning Group (MSPG, 2019a) states that "The scientific community, for reasons of scientific quality, cost, and timeliness, strongly prefers that as many sample-related investigations as possible be performed in PI-led laboratories outside containment." There are many scientific and technical reasons for this preference, including the ability to utilize advanced and customized instrumentation that may be difficult to reproduce inside in a biocontained facility, and the ability to allow multiple science investigators in different labs to perform similar or complementary analyses to confirm the reproducibility and accuracy of results. It is also reasonable to assume that there will be a desire for the SRF to be as efficient and economical as possible, while still enabling the objectives of MSR to be achieved. For these reasons, MSPG concluded, and MSPG2 agrees, that the SRF should be designed to accommodate only those analytical activities that could not reasonably be done in outside laboratories because they are time- or sterilization-sensitive, are necessary for the Sample Safety Assessment Protocol (SSAP), or are necessary parts of the initial sample characterization process that would allow subsamples to be effectively allocated for investigation. All of this must be accommodated in an SRF, while preserving the scientific value of the samples through maintenance of strict environmental and contamination control standards. Executive Summary The most important single element of the "ground system" portion of a Mars Sample Return (MSR) Campaign is a facility referred to as the Sample Receiving Facility (SRF), which would need to be designed and equipped to enable receipt of the returned spacecraft, extraction and opening of the sealed sample container, extraction of the samples from the sample tubes, and a set of evaluations and analyses of the samples-all under strict protocols of biocontainment and contamination control. Some of the important constraints in the areas of cost and required performance have not yet been set by the necessary governmental sponsors, but it is reasonable to assume there will be a desire for the SRF to be as efficient and economical as is possible, while still enabling the objectives of MSR science to be achieved. Additionally, one of the main findings of MSR Sample Planning Group (MSPG, 2019a) states "The scientific community, for reasons of scientific quality, cost, and timeliness, strongly prefers that as many sample-related investigations as possible be performed in PI-led laboratories outside containment." There are many scientific and technical reasons for this preference, including the ability to utilize advanced and customized instrumentation that may be difficult to reproduce inside a biocontained facility. Another benefit is the ability to enable similar or complementary analyses by multiple science investigators in different laboratories, which would confirm the reproducibility and accuracy of results. For these reasons, the MSPG concluded-and the MSR Science Planning Group Phase 2 (MSPG2) agrees-that the SRF should be designed to accommodate only those analytical activities inside biocontainment that could
Published: 2021
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146. Preliminary Planning for Mars Sample Return (MSR) Curation Activities in a Sample Receiving Facility

Author: Tait, Kimberly, McCubbin, F. M., Smith, C., Agee, Carl, Busemann, H., Cavalazzi, B., Debaille, V, Hutzler, Aurore, Usui, Tomohiro, Kminek, G., Meyer, M., Beaty, D., Carrier, B. L., Haltigin, T., Hays, Lindsay, Cockell, C., Glavin, D. P., Grady, M., Hauber, Ernst, Marty, B., Pratt, Lisa, Regberg, Aaron, Smith, Alvin, Summons, R E, Swindle, T. D., Tosca, N. J., Udry, Arya, Velbel, Michael, Wadhwa, M., Westall, F., Zorzano, M.-P., Royal Ontario Museum, NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA, The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), University of Glasgow, The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), University of Bologna, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), European Space Agency (ESA), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency [Sagamihara] (JAXA), NASA Headquarters, California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Canadian Space Agency (CSA), University of Edinburgh, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), German Aerospace Center (DLR), Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Indiana University [Bloomington], Indiana University System, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), University of Arizona, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), University of Nevada [Las Vegas] (WGU Nevada), Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System, Smithsonian Institution, Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), University of Aberdeen, Tait K. T., McCubbin F. M., Smith C. L., Agee C. B., Busemann H., Cavalazzi B., Debaille V., Hutzler A., Usui T., Kminek G., Meyer M. A., Beaty D. W., Carrier B. L., Haltigin T., Hays L. E., Cockell C. S., Glavin D. P., Grady M. M., Hauber E., Marty B., Pratt L. M., Regberg A. B., Smith A. L., Summons R. E., Swindle T. D., and Tosca N. J.
Subjects: geology, laboratory experiments, Extraterrestrial Environment, Mars Sample Return Planning Group 2 (MSPG2), astrobiology, Mars, Dust, curation, sample return, Space Flight, exploration, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], sample receiving facility, Exobiology, Gases
Abstract: The Mars Sample Return Planning Group 2 (MSPG2) was tasked with identifying the steps that encompass all the curation activities that would happen within the MSR Sample Receiving Facility (SRF) and any anticipated curation-related requirements. An area of specific interest is the necessary analytical instrumentation. The SRF would be a Biosafety Level-4 facility where the returned MSR flight hardware would be opened, the sample tubes accessed, and the martian sample material extracted from the tubes. Characterization of the essential attributes of each sample would be required to provide enough information to prepare a sample catalog used in guiding the preparation of sample-related proposals by the world's research community and informing decisions by the sample allocation committee. The sample catalog would be populated with data and information generated during all phases of activity, including data derived concurrent with Mars 2020 sample-collecting rover activity, sample transport to Earth, and initial sample characterization within the SRF. We conclude that initial sample characterization can best be planned as a set of three sequential phases, which we have called Pre-Basic Characterization (Pre-BC), Basic Characterization (BC), and Preliminary Examination (PE), each of which requires a certain amount of instrumentation. Data on specific samples and subsamples obtained during sample safety assessments and time-sensitive scientific investigations would also be added to the catalog. There are several areas where future work would be beneficial to prepare for the receipt of samples, which would include the design of a sample tube isolation chamber and a strategy for opening the sample tubes and removing dust from the tube exteriors. Executive Summary All material collected from Mars (gases, dust, rock, regolith) would need to be carefully handled, stored, and analyzed following Earth return to minimize the alteration or contamination that could occur on Earth and maximize the scientific information that can be attained from the samples now and into the future. A Sample Receiving Facility (SRF) is where the Earth Entry System (EES) would be opened and the sample tubes opened and processed after they land on Earth. Samples should be accessible for research in biocontainment for time-sensitive studies and eventually, when deemed safe for release after sterilization or biohazard assessment, should be transferred out of biocontainment for allocation to scientific investigators in outside laboratories. There are two main mechanisms for allocation of samples outside the SRF: 1) Wait until the implementation of the Sample Safety Assessment Protocol (Planetary Protection) results concludes that the samples are non-hazardous, 2) Render splits of the samples non-hazardous by means of sterilization. To make these samples accessible, a series of observations and analytical measurements need to be completed to produce a sample catalog for the scientific community. Specialist members of the Mars Sample Return Planning Group Phase 2 (MSPG2), referred to here as the Curation Focus Group, have identified four curation goals that encompass all of the activities within the SRF: 1.Documentation of the state of the sample tubes and their contents prior to opening, 2.Inventory and tracking of the mass of each sample, 3.Preliminary assessment of lithology and any macroscopic forms of heterogeneity (on all the samples, non-invasive, in pristine isolators), 4.Sufficient characterization of the essential attributes of each sample to prepare a sample catalog and respond to requests by the sample allocation committee (partial samples, invasive, outside of pristine isolators). The sample catalog will provide data for the scientific community to make informed requests for samples for scientific investigations and for the approval of allocations of appropriate samples to satisfy these requests. The sample catalog would be populated with data and information generated during all phases of activity, including data derived from the landed Mars 2020 mission, during sample collection and transport to Earth, and reception within the Sample Receiving Facility. Data on specific samples and subsamples would also be generated during curation activities carried out within the Sample Receiving Facility and during sample safety assessments, time-sensitive studies, and a series of initial sample characterization steps we refer to as Pre-Basic Characterization (Pre-BC), Basic Characterization (BC), and Preliminary Examination (PE) phases. A significant portion of the Curation Focus Group's efforts was to determine which instrumentation would be required to produce a sample catalog for the scientific community and how and when certain instrumentation should be used. The goal is to provide enough information for the PIs to request material for their studies but to avoid facilitating studies that target scientific research that is better left to peer-reviewed competitive processes. We reviewed the proposed scientific objectives of the International MSR Objectives and Samples Team (iMOST) (Beaty
Published: 2021
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147. Chronostratigraphy of the Baringo-Tugen Hills-Barsemoi (HSPDP-BTB13-1A) core – 40Ar/39Ar dating, magnetostratigraphy, tephrostratigraphy, sequence stratigraphy and Bayesian age modeling

Author: Alan L. Deino, Mark J. Sier, Dominique I. Garello, C. Brenhin Keller, John D. Kingston, Jennifer J. Scott, Guillaume Dupont-Nivet, Andrew S. Cohen, Berkeley Geochronology Center (BGC), University of Oxford [Oxford], Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, Mount Royal University, Géosciences Rennes (GR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), University of Potsdam, University of Arizona, EAR 1123942, BCS 1241790, EAR 1338553, EAR 1322017, National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), International Continental Drilling Program, University of Oxford, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and University of Potsdam = Universität Potsdam
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Paleoclimate, Pliocene, Precession, Paleontology, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Eccentricity, Chemeron Formation, 13. Climate action, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, Paleolimnology, 010503 geology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract: International audience; The Baringo-Tugen Hills-Barsemoi 2013 drillcore (BTB13), acquired as part of the Hominin Sites and Paleolakes Drilling Project, recovered 228 m of fluvio-lacustrine sedimentary rocks and tuffs spanning a ~3.29–2.56 Ma interval of the highly fossiliferous and hominin-bearing Chemeron Formation, Tugen Hills, Kenya. Here we present a Bayesian stratigraphic age model for the core employing chronostratigraphic control points derived from 40Ar/39Ar dating of tuffs from core and outcrop, 40Ar/39Ar age calibration of related outcrop diatomaceous units, and core magnetostratigraphy. The age model reveals three main intervals with distinct sediment accumulation rates: an early rapid phase from 3.2–2.9 Ma; a relatively slow phase from 2.9–2.7 Ma; and the highest rate of accumulation from 2.7–2.6 Ma. The intervals of rapid accumulation correspond to periods of high Earth orbital eccentricity, whereas the slow accumulation interval corresponds to low eccentricity at 2.9–2.7 Ma, suggesting that astronomically mediated climate processes may be responsible for the observed changes in sediment accumulation rate. Lacustrine transgression-regression events, as delineated using sequence stratigraphy, dominantly operate on precession scale, particularly within the high eccentricity periods. A set of erosively based fluvial conglomerates correspond to the 2.9–2.7 Ma interval, which could be related to either the depositional response to low eccentricity or to the development of unconformities due to local tectonic activity. Age calibration of core magnetic susceptibility and gamma density logs indicates a close temporal correspondence between a shift from high- to low-frequency signal variability at ~3 Ma, approximately coincident the end of the mid-Piacenzian Warm Period, and the beginning of the cooling of world climate leading to the initiation of Northern Hemispheric glaciation c. 2.7 Ma. BTB13 and the Baringo Basin records may thus provide evidence of a connection between high-latitude glaciation and equatorial terrestrial climate toward the end of the Pliocene.
Published: 2021
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148. Neurolinguistique et sub-morphologie. Du rêve à la dure réalité

Author: Vion-Dury, Jean, VION-DURY, Jean, C.Fortineau-Brémond, S. Pagès, Partnership for research in Spatial Modeling (PRISM), and Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU)
Subjects: neurolinguistics, potentiel N400, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, flux de syllabes, neurolinguistique, [SCCO.NEUR] Cognitive science/Neuroscience, [SHS.PHIL]Humanities and Social Sciences/Philosophy, evoked potentials, N400 potential, [SCCO.LING]Cognitive science/Linguistics, potentiels évoqués, enaction, sub-morphologie, sub-morphology, [SHS.PHIL] Humanities and Social Sciences/Philosophy, syllable flow, [SCCO.LING] Cognitive science/Linguistics
Abstract: A paraitre dans: "Submorphologie : exemples d'applications dans les langues romanes et non romanes".; La complexité du langage humain, que ce soit celle de son formalisme, de sa production ou de sa pragmatique, semble devoir attendre des neurosciences en particuliers cognitives, dans la mesure où celles-ci sont en grande partie fondées sur la philosophie analytique anglo-saxonne - c'est-à-dire sur une philosophie du langage - une aide en retour à la compréhension de la morphologie et de la sub-morphologie de celui-ci. C’est sans compter avec la relative pauvreté de nos moyens neuroscientifiques, pauvreté occultée par le déferlement de belles images d’IRM ou l’élégance des courbes de réponses cérébrales évoquées que présentent à l’envie des chercheurs souvent engoncés dans leur paradigmes explicatifs. Or les choses ne sont pas si simples. Les réponses empiriques obtenues le plus souvent par des protocoles non écologiques, ne sont que des corrélats grossiers et non des causes ou des explications aux phénomènes observés. Sans doute peut-on corréler un effet et une zone cérébrale (en espérant que les artéfacts expérimentaux ou de calcul ne viennent pas invalider les conclusions tirées), sans doute peut-on mieux décrire certains phénomènes, mais le grain de la finesse de la morphologie (et à fortiori la sub-morphologie) de la langue apparait bien trop fin au regard des mailles grossières du filet neurocognitif.Et il n’est pas certain que le nouveau paradigme enactif va permettre d’aller tellement plus loin, tant la logique interactionnelle du sujet et du milieu, de l’action et de la perception qui le fonde introduit de complexité supplémentaire dans la problématique. Cependant, il était grand temps de se rendre compte que nous avons un corps de chair, ayant trop longtemps vécu sur ce postulat problématique de la psychologie cognitive à savoir celui d’une désincarnation de la pensée envisagée comme pur calcul logique réalisé par des modules plus ou moins reliés. Bref, la cognition incarnée n’est pas une nouveauté ni une découverte : c’est la correction tardive d’une désolante absurdité.La difficulté de trouver une validation empirique (neuroscientifique) aux théories (en particulier) énactives de la submorphologie sera discutée.
Published: 2021

149. Stable nickel production in Type Ia supernovae: A smoking gun for the progenitor mass?

Author: S. Blondin, E. Bravo, F. X. Timmes, L. Dessart, D. J. Hillier, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya [Barcelona] (UPC), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Pittsburgh (PITT), and Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE)
Subjects: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), supernovae: individual: SN 2017bzc, abundances, nucleosynthesis, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 7. Clean energy, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, supernovae: general, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, radiative transfer, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], nuclear reactions, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
Abstract: At present, there are strong indications that white dwarf (WD) stars with masses well below the Chandrasekhar limit (MCh ~ 1.4 Msun) contribute a significant fraction of SN Ia progenitors. The relative fraction of stable iron-group elements synthesized in the explosion has been suggested as a possible discriminant between MCh and sub-MCh events. In particular, it is thought that the higher-density ejecta of MCh WDs, which favours the synthesis of stable isotopes of nickel, results in prominent [Ni II] lines in late-time spectra. We study the explosive nucleosynthesis of stable nickel in SNe Ia resulting from MCh and sub-MCh progenitors. We explore the potential for lines of [Ni II] at 7378 \AA\ and 1.94 microns in late-time spectra to serve as a diagnostic of the exploding WD mass, using nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium radiative-transfer simulations with the CMFGEN code. We find that the radiative proton-capture reaction 57Co(p,gamma)58Ni is the dominant production mode for 58Ni in both MCh and sub-MCh models, while the alpha-capture reaction on 54Fe has a negligible impact on the final 58Ni yield. More importantly, we demonstrate that the lack of [Ni II] lines in late-time spectra of sub-MCh events is not always due to an under-abundance of stable Ni; rather, it results from the higher ionization of Ni in the inner ejecta. Conversely, the strong [Ni II] lines predicted in our 1D MCh models are completely suppressed when 56Ni is sufficiently mixed with the innermost layers, which are rich in stable iron-group elements. [Ni II] lines in late-time SN Ia spectra have a complex dependency on the abundance of stable Ni, which limits their use in distinguishing among MCh and sub-MCh progenitors. However, we argue that a low-luminosity SN Ia displaying strong [Ni II] lines would most likely result from a Chandrasekhar-mass progenitor. [Abridged], Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A, replaced with accepted version (+ corrected a typo in the conclusions: "overabundance" replaced with "over abundance"). 20 pages, 10 figures. Model spectra available at https://zenodo.org/record/5528088
Published: 2021
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150. The Scientific Importance of Returning Airfall Dust as a Part of Mars Sample Return (MSR)

Author: Grady, M., Summons, R E, Swindle, T. D., Westall, F., Kminek, G., Meyer, M., Beaty, D., Carrier, B. L., Haltigin, T., Hays, Lindsay, Agee, Carl, Busemann, H., Cavalazzi, B., Cockell, C., Debaille, V, Glavin, D P, Hauber, Ernst, Hutzler, Aurore, Marty, B., McCubbin, F. M., Pratt, Lisa, Regberg, Aaron, Smith, Alvin, Smith, C., Tait, Kimberly, Tosca, N. J., Udry, Arya, Usui, Tomohiro, Velbel, Michael, Wadhwa, M., Zorzano, M.-P., The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), University of Arizona, Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), European Space Agency (ESA), NASA Headquarters, California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Canadian Space Agency (CSA), The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), University of Bologna, University of Edinburgh, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), German Aerospace Center (DLR), Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science (ARES), NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA-NASA, Indiana University [Bloomington], Indiana University System, NASA, The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), University of Glasgow, Royal Ontario Museum, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), University of Nevada [Las Vegas] (WGU Nevada), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency [Sagamihara] (JAXA), Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System, Smithsonian Institution, Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), University of Aberdeen, and Grady Monica M., Summons Roger E., Swindle Timothy D., Westall Frances, Kminek Gerhard, Meyer Michael A., Beaty David W., Carrier Brandi L., Haltigin Timothy, Hays Lindsay E., Agee Carl B., Busemann Henner, Cavalazzi Barbara, Cockell Charles S., Vinciane Debaille, Glavin Daniel P., Hauber Ernst, Hutzler Aurore, Marty Bernard, McCubbin Francis M., Pratt Lisa M., Regberg Aaron B., Smith Alvin L., Smith Caroline L., Tait Kimberly T., Tosca Nicholas J., Udry Arya, Usui Tomohiro, Velbel Michael A., Wadhwa Meenakshi, Zorzano Maria-Paz
Subjects: geology, Extraterrestrial Environment, MSR Sample Receiving Facility, MSR Campaign elements, surface-atmosphere interaction, Atmosphere, Earth, Planet, Mars, Dust, sample return, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), MSR Campaign, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Humans, samples, global circulation, mineralogy, surface processes, laboratory analysis
Abstract: International audience; Dust transported in the martian atmosphere is of intrinsic scientific interest and has relevance for the planning of human missions in the future. The MSR Campaign, as currently designed, presents an important opportunity to return serendipitous, airfall dust. The tubes containing samples collected by the Perseverance rover would be placed in cache depots on the martian surface perhaps as early as 2023-24 for recovery by a subsequent mission no earlier than 2028-29, and possibly as late as 2030-31. Thus, the sample tube surfaces could passively collect dust for multiple years. This dust is deemed to be exceptionally valuable as it would inform our knowledge and understanding of Mars' global mineralogy, surface processes, surface-atmosphere interactions, and atmospheric circulation. Preliminary calculations suggest that the total mass of such dust on a full set of tubes could be as much as 100 mg and, therefore, sufficient for many types of laboratory analyses. Two planning steps would optimize our ability to take advantage of this opportunity: (1) the dust-covered sample tubes should be loaded into the Orbiting Sample container (OS) with minimal cleaning and (2) the capability to recover this dust early in the workflow within an MSR Sample Receiving Facility (SRF) would need to be established. A further opportunity to advance dust/atmospheric science using MSR, depending upon the design of the MSR Campaign elements, may lie with direct sampling and the return of airborne dust.
Published: 2021
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