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Cardiometabolic diseases as defined by various expert bodies are a varied range of noncommunicable diseases that have slowly creeped in the community by inducing a dreadful combination of central adiposity, reduced insulin sensitivity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia which lead to cardiometabolic diseases, diabetes, renal disorders, and/or metabolic syndrome (MetS). Several authors have brought it to notice that alterations in lifestyle and environment leading to the disruption of circadian rhythm trigger the pathophysiology leading to the development of multiple risk factors and cardiometabolic diseases. Statements very critically state that though MetS cannot be considered as an absolute risk indicator, patients with it are twice at the risk of developing cardiac ailment and at five times the risk of developing insulin-resistant diabetes in the near future. Collaboratively, be it WHO statement of 1999, "the National Cholesterol Education Program ATP3 2005," or further ratification by "the International Diabetes Federation" 2006, "the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologist" 2003, "European Group for the study of Insulin Resistance," "the European Society of Cardiology," and the American College of Cardiology American Heart Association as discussed in this brief review, all are continuously insisting on prevention and conducting awareness programs for the same. The electronic database (PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, etc.,) was searched for available literature on different guidelines for exercise prescription ( Frequency, Intensity, Time, Type [FITT]) in January-April 2021. After reviewing the literature by different authors, a brief review was conceptualized from the same. The different protocols suggested for health and fitness by different guidelines have been presented here with the effect of physical activity discussed with literature support with respect to physiology, prevention, prophylaxis, and treatment. The burden of lifestyle disorders is increasing tremendously and is also increasing the economic cost on society. It is high time that we understand the seriousness and start observing the well-stated advice offered by several guidelines over many years and stay physically active. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Root-knot nematodes pose a severe threat to worldwide agricultural development. Due to the high toxicity of chemical nematicides, eco-friendly control strategies against root-knot nematodes need to be established. A pot and in vitro experiment were performed to estimate nematicidal potential of Pochonia chlamydosporia. P. chlamydosporia was used alone or in combination with two botanicals for controlling Meloidogyne incognita in chickpea. The laboratory assessment was performed with four prepared concentrations (S, S/2, S/10, S/25) of fungal inoculum of P. chlamydosporia against egg hatching and second-stage juvenile's mortality of M. incognita. All four concentrations reduced egg hatching and increased mortality of J2s. In pot experiment, P. chlamydosporia was used with chopped leaves of two botanicals viz., Ageratum conyzoides and Eichhornia crassipes against M. incognita in chickpea. All the treatments found significantly suppressed root infestation caused by M. incognita and improved growth and physiological attributes of chickpea. The combined application of P. chlamydosporia + A. conyzoides was found highly effective, and E. crassipes alone was least. Therefore, using P. chlamydosporia with botanicals is a promising sustainable strategy in agriculture against M. incognita infected chickpea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we consider extended variational-like inclusion problem (for short EVLIP) which contains many known variational inclusions existing in literature. In connection with EVLIP we consider a generalized resolvent equa- tion problem with H-Φ-ή-accretive operator called generalized H-resolvent equa- tion problem (for short H-REP). To compute the approximate solution of H-REP, we introduce an algorithm. Convergence of sequences procreated by algorithm are also studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we have introduced a new kind of variational inequality and offered its solution by proposing generalized weakly relaxed α -pseudomonotonicity and generalized weakly relaxed α -semi-pseudomonotonicity of set-valued map. The KKM theorem has been instrumental in proving the existence results. We also present the solvability of our proposed problem with weakly relaxed α-semi-pseudomonotone set-valued maps in arbitrary Banach spaces using Kakutani-Fan-Glicksberg fixed point theorem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of new glucocorticoid oxadiazines (4–6) were synthesized by reacting glucocorticoids (1–3) with thiosemicarbazide and its derivatives. The structural assignment of products is confirmed on the basis of IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, MS and analytical data. The synthesized compounds (4–6) obeyed the Lipinski's "Rule of Five" analysis based on a computational prediction of molecular and pharmacokinetic properties. The interaction studies of compounds (4–6) with DNA were carried out by employing single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay), UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. Compounds (4–6) were found capable of cellular DNA degradation breakage in isolated normal human lymphocytes. Viscometric and steady-state measurements further correlated with the comet assay studies. Hence, it could be suggested that the glucocorticoid compounds bearing a core oxadiazine scaffold would be a potent biological agent. Molecular docking studies further characterize the interaction of the synthesized compounds with DNA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethno-botanical use and traditional knowledge of plants have been usually recognized all over the world. The outstanding characteristics of extracts obtained from this drug have been technically studied, attributing the main biological activity to its tannin and flavonoid content. Recent study about this drug Adiantum capillus-veneris Linn requires pharmacognostical evidences to develop quality-control methods for raw materials and extracts produced with this plant drug. In this research article macro and micro-scopic studies were proven the authentication of the real drug in which adulteration is allowed in commercial samples of this plant material. The parameters which were mention in this study all are according to WHO guidelines and Indian Pharmacopoeia (IP). The morphological characteristics present in this article can be useful for quick identification of the drug, particularly useful in the case of powdered drug. Physicochemical parameters such as total ash, water soluble ash, acid insoluble ash, loss on drying, percentage of foreign matter and extractive values were determined. Preliminary phytochemical screening in different solvents showed the presence of flavonoids, terpenoids, fats, tannins and phenolic compounds. The various phytochemicals presence in the drug is confirmed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) profile. The study can serve as a valuable source of information and provide suitable standards for the presence of various phytochemicals. The results extracted from this study such as identification, phytochemical investigation etc. could be helpful in future research and uses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marham-e-Aatshak (MA) is a Unani ointment, with wide use for treating chronic and infectious wounds since long time. This study was designed to screen the antimicrobial and wound healing potential of MA to validate the ethno-therapeutic claims. The agar diffusion method was used to study the antimicrobial action of MA as well as for all of its ingredients. Inhibition zone diameters were measured and MIC values were calculated. Wound healing activity was studied in models of both, excision and incision wounds. Wound contractibility was measured at different intervals in excision wound model; similarly tensile strength was measured in incision wound model. MA and its ingredients showed remarkable inhibitory activity against most of the organisms. In excision wound, a significantly enhanced wound contraction and significantly reduced epithelialization period was observed. In incision wound, significant increase in the mean breaking strength in the test group was observed. The results indicate that MA is capable of fighting against wound infections and able to potentiate the natural healing process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a part of our continuing program on the synthesis of steroidal heterocycles, it has been prepared a series of novel steroidal pyrimidine derivatives 4 – 6 via TMSCl, steroidal ketones ( 1c – 3c ), urea and benzaldehyde. The systems presented here, are novel scaffolds and have not been described before at 6th position of steroidal-6-one ( 1c–3c ). Structural assignment of newly synthesized compounds was performed by DFT/B3LYP calculations as well as spectral and analytical data. The interactions of compounds ( 4 – 6 ) with HSA were studied by fluorescence spectroscopy, DLS, CD and molecular docking, under imitated physiological conditions. The antitumor activity has been tested in vitro against three cancer cell lines MDA-MB231 (breast carcinoma), HeLa (human cervical carcinoma), HepG2 (hepatic carcinoma) and one non-cancer normal cell lines, PBMCs (peripheral blood mononuclear cell) by MTT assay. In addition, in vitro antioxidant activity and apoptosis assay of the synthesized compounds ( 4 – 6 ) have also been investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title compound derived from 3 β -chlorocholest-5-ene has been synthesized and characterized successfully. A single crystal X-ray investigation of the compound revealed that the van der Waals interactions play a key role in the formation of the elementary structure. Hirshfeld surface analysis was used to visualize the fidelity of the crystal structure. This method permitted the identification of individual types of intermolecular contacts and their impact on crystal packing. Molecules are linked by a combination of C H⋯H and C⋯H contacts, which have clear signatures in the fingerprint plots. The absorption spectrum exhibited a strong absorption band of approximately 246 nm, and the fluorescence spectrum of the compound showed one broad peak at 367 nm. Thermal studies established that the compound undergoes no phase transition and is stable up to 200 °C. The hardness of the grown crystal increases as the load increases. The electric permittivity of cholest-5-ene decreases with increasing frequency and becomes almost constant at high frequencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypoxia is an important pathological hallmark of the tumor microenvironment, associated with metabolic alterations, cell proliferation, aggressiveness, metastasis, and therapy resistance in cancers. Hypoxia impedes the outcome of photodynamic therapy (PDT), which is largely dependent on molecular oxygen to generate cytotoxic 1O 2. Here, a near-infrared light activatable, oxygen-generating nanomicellar PDT-chemotherapy system (mPPCPN Ms) constituted of amphiphilic mPEG-PLA, photosensitizer Ce6, and tetravalent platinum prodrug Pt(IV)-diazide was developed for oral squamous cell carcinoma. The polymer conjugate self-assemble to nanosize (115 ± 2.35 nm) micelles, which, upon irradiation (660 nm laser), activated Ce6, and photodecomposed to produce cytotoxic Pt(II), azidyl radical, and molecular oxygen. The strategically fabricated PDT-chemotherapy produced a strong antitumor response in vitro using oral squamous cell carcinoma and in vivo in oral cancer-xenografted mouse models, revealing its significant potential in chemo-photodynamic combination therapy with the benefit of reversing hypoxia. [Display omitted] • Hypoxia is an important pathological hallmark of the tumor microenvironment, associated with metabolic alterations, cell proliferation, aggressiveness, metastasis, and therapy resistance in cancers. • Herein, a NIR light degradable nanomicellar PDT-chemotherapy system decorated with photosensitizer Ce6 and chemotherapeutic moiety Pt(IV) was synthesized as a combination chemo-photodynamic therapy with the ability to generate molecular oxygen. • The in vivo study corroborated the in vitro results and successfully suppressed the tumor growth, elevated/down-regulated apoptotic markers/anti-apoptotic proteins, reduced GSH level, and reversed hypoxia towards a more oxidative environment. Therefore, the established hypoxia-reversing chemo-photodynamic therapy could be a powerful treatment strategy for oropharyngeal carcinoma or other superficial solid tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]