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Second-hand clothing market is considered a good consumption practice where social links hare more important than the goods in themselves. Second-hand apparel markets are places where people meet and places of diversity. The way clothes arrive to second-hand markets is complex and not alwais clear. But good innovation experiences and the attention to traditional practices, such as barter of donation, are becoming more and more relevant, in particular on Internet exchange markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1973, Italian photographer Tony D’Urso met Eugenio Barba’s Odin Teatret and photographed the performance Min Fars Hus from above, lurking in a hidden place. The following year, D’Urso took part in the organization of the first barters in Carpignano Salentino, which he photographed mixing documentary, stage, and anthropological photography. Two books, one from 1977 and one from 1990 (reissued 2000), collect the traces of the years that followed, during which D’Urso experimented with theatre as a place of experience and relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Until recently, silence has shrouded the experience of sexual abuse of and sexual barter by Jewish adolescent boys during the Holocaust. Nate Leipciger's memoir, The Weight of Freedom, published by the Azrieli Foundation in 2015, offers a rare window onto a phenomenon singularly absent from young Jewish males' narratives and scholarship about their lives. This paper investigates Leipciger's memoir closely, exploring the at once abusive and beneficial sexual relationships that Nate describes. And it reflects upon the silence — survivors' silence and scholars' silence — around these interactions, examining the prompts for it and shifting interpretations over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This analysis explores the nature of Anglo-Israeli intelligence relations between 1967 and 1974, focusing in particular on how the legacy of the British mandate in Palestine, the influence of senior British diplomats, as well as wider commercial interests shaped attempts by intelligence officials on both sides to move this relationship beyond the purely functional. Whilst Israel looked to barter access to recently captured Soviet equipment for greater collaboration with the British in weapons development and arms sales, London demurred. Despite the urging of some in Whitehall, the Foreign and Commonwealth Office limited any collaboration to functional exchanges and kept them firmly in the shadows. The aftermath of the October 1973 war revealed the price paid by Britain. With Israel now dependent on Washington for the bulk of its military equipment, London's ability to exercise any influence over Tel Aviv in reaching an accommodation with its Arab neighbours diminished greatly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the impacts of COVID-19 is that communities have looked for alternative means of survival as the market economy went into a major crisis and people lost their jobs. For many communities in the Pacific Islands, who have relied largely on the market economy over the years, this means falling back on their communal way of life which has provided resilience for centuries. The revival of various forms of communal capital such as kinship exchange, subsistence farming and strengthening of social solidarity have become features of this bourgeoning moral economy. In the post-COVID era, there needs to be a major rethinking of how community-based moral economies can be mainstreamed as assurance for resilience and as a responsive mechanism against future economic calamities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to understand the biunivocal relationship from the binomial national security-regionalization we chose the special case of the geo-historical space Argeş-Muscel, with the tragic consequence of the disappearance from history of Muscel County, thinking that in order to understand the present we must first find and decipher the past from the multitude of unpublished facts that are insufficiently known or even overlooked, due to various political calculations of the time, it was deliberately left to lie in oblivion. The history of the administrative-territorial delimitations of Romania is a living, inexhaustible magazine, which from closed circuit or eminently secret archives reveals documents and events that decided the fate of the Romanian nation and major conflicts starting from petty pride, wars and long processions of catastrophes, their responsibility or the cynical division of areas of influence around the globe. The biunivocal aspect is concerning the meaning of the interinfluence between the components of the relationship thus we will focus on such an important phenomenon for Romanians in the present study. We do not want to be prophetic or pessimistic, but in our past, looking through the older or more recent history of Romania, it is difficult, if not impossible, to find a period of time in which we were a truly independent state and sovereign. Was it the fault of our geographical position, in contact with the great players of history? Is it because of our national spirit inclined to obedience and servility? Or is it due to the fact that for centuries we have not had leaders with respect for the nation and love of country? By surrendering piece by piece, for vain promises, in an infamous barter in which we have always been the deceived ones, the basic components of the nation's sovereignty, state security is at an extremely dangerous level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bartin University Journal of Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences / Bartın Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Bartin University, Faculty of Economics & Administrative Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper considers the effects of income terms of trade (ToT) on GDP per capita in Latin American economies and examines whether improvement in the income ToT contributes to the stochastic convergence between respective economies and the US. It is shown that in the majority of the economies, income ToT had positive effects on the level of GDP per capita. The stochastic convergence was documented in Dominican Republic, and Uruguay. The positive effects of income ToT increase on GDP per capita convergence were documented only in Uruguay. The growth of the volume of exports played a key role in the process, while the effects on the part of net barter ToT were insignificant. In both economies, the improvement in the income ToT relative to the US level played a positive role in convergence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cumhuriyet Ilahiyat Dergisi / Cumhuriyet Theology Journal is the property of Cumhuriyet Universitesi, Ilahiyat Fakultesi / Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Theology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Problems arising from the intermediary role of fat money and confrmation mechanisms in the exchange of goods and services and the crises in the fat money-based fnancial system have led to the search for alternatives. It has revealed the organized barter system at the end of these searches. However, the fact that there are some problems in the organized barter system in general and in Turkey prevents the system from spreading and using it effectively throughout Turkey. The age of digitalization and the newly developing blockchain technology have required a level up in the barter system. The aim of this study is to reveal how a new barter system can solve the problems, taking into account the latest developments. In this way, it is to ensure that the barter system is used more effectively and widely in Turkey. In this context, the Blockchain Barter (BB) system, which has not intermediary but is much safer confrmation mechanism and allows trading without using fat money, is offered as a suggestion. The method of the study is literature review. Using the information obtained here, the BB system for problem solving was developed and demonstrated on a sample application. In addition, the relative advantages and disadvantages of fat money, barter and BB systems were compared. As a result, it has been understood that the proposed BB system solves many problems and is quite superior to other systems. It is believed that the study will shed light on new BB system research to be developed in terms of software. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to provide a historical overview of the notion of a network and its effects in the realm of management. Originally deriving from the technical sphere with graph theory in mathematics, the concept of a network has progressively been extended to the social sphere where its ramifications have been the sharing of social capital. As technology has developed in terms of transportation and communication, social networks have gradually structured the economy more and more by increasing trust and thus reducing the uncertainty involved in trade. Today, these social networks have taken on a new dimension through social media, based in internet platforms that bring together billions of anonymous people in the collaborative economy. Despite all these developments over the centuries, networks still have the same universal function: they are sustainable structures for collaboration with intermediaries that guarantee trust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structure of the algorithm for building a system of payment interaction of enterprises of the fuel and energy complex has been off red. The necessity to include such intangible components as trust, business reputation, transparency of economic relations in the assessment of the value of assets of the fuel and energy complex enterprises has been highlighted. The possibility of wider application of mechanisms of non-monetary trade in the conditions of economy of “distrust” and political and economic crisis has been designated. The peculiartities of cooperation between the enterprises of the fuel and energy complex in the conditions of sanctions pressure, turning into a trade war have been revealed. The possibilities of activation and development of resource trade as one of the main factors of increasing the security of the fuel and energy complex and the Russian economy as a whole have been discovered.

The resettlement of Kuban Cossacks and the exploration of new territories in the late 18th and early 19th centuries were fraught with difficulties. While the Cossacks’ main function was the establishment of a cordon line and the protection of the Russian Empire’s borders, they were also given the opportunity to build new and mutually beneficial trade relations with the population groups of the near-by Caucasus. The establishment of exchange trade yards on the border required regulations and documentation. The article discusses the functioning of the exchange trade yards in the Kuban region in the 19th century, as well as the main measures taken by the government of the Russian Empire and the administration of the Black Sea Cossack Host for developing trade between the Cossacks and the Caucasian population. The author analyzes the history of the trade yards from their foundation in the early 19th century to their abolition in the 1850s; equally discussed are the problems which the Cossacks and Caucasians faced in the process of exchanging goods, and the measures taken by officials to solve these problems. The focus is on a number of archival documents which regulated the process of trading, in particular tariffs on basic goods and rules for bartering with highlanders.

This paper considers the Core of a competitive market economy with private commodities as well as (non-Samuelsonian) collective goods that are provided through an endogenous social division of labour. Our approach is founded on the hypothesis that every agent is a "consumer–producer"—producing private commodities as well as consuming collective and private goods. We develop the σ -Core concept, assuming that collective goods are scalable with community size. We show that the σ -Core can be founded on deviations of coalitions of arbitrary size, extending the seminal insights of Vind and Schmeidler for pure exchange economies. Our analysis also shows that self-organisation in a social division of labour can be incorporated into the Edgeworthian barter process directly. This is formulated as an equivalence of the σ -Core and a structured σ -Core concept based on blocking coalitions that use internal divisions of labour. Furthermore, Grodal's theorem is extended, allowing applications of metrics that express productive similarities between agents making up blocking coalitions. Finally, we consider the equivalence of the σ -Core and the set of cost share equilibrium allocations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past decade, there has been a surge of interest in using games derived from experimental economics to test decision-making behaviour across species. In most cases, researchers are using the games as a tool, for instance, to understand what factors influence decision-making, how decision-making differs across species or contexts, or to ask broader questions about species' propensities to cooperate or compete. These games have been quite successful in this regard. To what degree, however, do these games tap into species' economic decision-making? For the purpose of understanding the evolution of economic systems in humans, this is the key question. To study this, we can break economic decision-making down into smaller components, each of which is a potential step in the evolution of human economic behaviour. We can then use data from economic games, which are simplified, highly structured models of decision-making and therefore ideal for the comparative approach, to directly compare these components across species and contexts, as well as in relation to more naturalistic behaviours, to better understand the evolution of economic behaviour and the social and ecological contexts that influenced it. The comparative approach has successfully informed us about the evolution of other complex traits, such as language and morality, and should help us more deeply understand why and how human economic systems evolved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In analysing a forced relationship between two women, a German guard and a Jewish Czech prisoner in a Hamburg concentration camp, this article uses queer Holocaust history to explore sexual barter, sexual violence, victim agency, and the rules of prisoner society. It also makes a plea for a departure from normativity in thinking about the Holocaust and for the inclusion of marginalized voices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the files from the Righteous Among the Nations Department at Yad Vashem, this article explores how Jewish women in German-occupied Eastern Europe used sexual barter with Gentile men, both non-Germans and Germans, to try to survive. It proposes that sexual barter be recognized as an expression of agency. Yet sexual barter has been stigmatized and corresponding testimonies largely excluded from the archives. Indications that sexual barter had been a motivation for saving Jews were not included in submissions for the award of the status of Righteous because the criteria for that honour require that nothing can have been received in return for saving a Jew. This essay seeks to problematize this rule, which misunderstands what it was like to live in hiding for both the rescued and the rescuers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Barter is an ancient charter before the advent of the cash economy wherein individuals and businesses use cash as a medium of exchange. During the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, the barter system, driven by social media's inVluence, suddenly resurrected. The purpose of this qualitative case study is to explore on the success of the resurgence of bartering in Digos City during COVID-19 pandemic. The case focused on the Digos Barter, a popular group of Digoseños with a strong presence on Facebook through its page named "Digos Barter Trade." Five individuals, including the administrator of the Facebook Page, participated in the Key Informant Interview (KII). Secondary data, such as comments and reviews on Facebook page and reports, were other sources of data. Results showed the drivers of the success on the resurgence of the Digos Barter Trade are unemployment, lack of cash, and a sense of community. Based on the results, the Digos Barter Trade members were driven by the loss of income and their need for socialization. The resurgence of the ancient business model during this recent pandemic showed how this model could Vill in the people's physiological, social, and psychological needs in distress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Umsatzsteuer-Rundschau is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

"Home swapping" has become more accessible due to a global phenomenon, known as the sharing economy. Technological advancement has removed the barriers to international trade and members of home swapping programmes exchange rights to provide each other with accommodation in their homes both nationally and internationally. These exchanges can be facilitated through the exchange of an incorporeal non-cash benefit, constituting either points or rights and can essentially be seen as a short-term rental agreement. Incorporeal non-cash benefits fall within the ambit of a barter transaction and consequently within the scope of gross income. The main objective of this article is to determine the normal tax implications of a South African resident who owns a property in South Africa, upon receipt or accrual of the benefit of a successful home swap transaction. In order to meet this objective, South African and international literature was analysed to determine the recommended normal tax treatment of these home swap transactions. Home swap benefits were found to constitute gross income in terms of the Income Tax Act No. 58 of 1962. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]