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Present paper studies the rarefied flow of binary Neon–Argon mixture in plane channel induced by pressure gradient and counteracting drag by moving walls. The problem is studied numerically using Direct Simulation Monte Carlo method. It is demonstrated that drag force induced by motion of channel walls leads to the effect of enhanced mixture separation. Stronger separation effects are unexpectedly observed for denser gases and thorough explanation for such behavior is provided. It was also shown that gas flow rate in the channel decreases non-monotonically with increasing speed of the walls, having local minimum at wall speeds close to mean thermal speed of molecules. The influence of other parameters, such as channel length and accommodation coefficient on the walls, was also examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study contributes to research on some thermophysical properties of ternary aqueous mixtures containing glycerol with 1,2-ethanediol, 1,2-propanediol, or 1,3-butanediol and their corresponding binary mixtures. Experimental measurements concerned density and refractive index at various temperature and under atmospheric pressure. PC-SAFT was applied successfully for predicting liquid density for the mixtures and different mixing rules of refractive index were used for modeling the experimental values of refractive index. The experimental data were also used to calculate the excess molar volumes, V 123 E , and refractive index changes on mixing, Δ n D , 123 , for the ternary systems. These were subsequently compared to results obtained with a variety of semi-empirical methods using binary system results. On the other hand, the following derived properties were computed for each binary mixture, based on temperature and glycerol concentration: excess molar volumes, V E , partial molar volumes, V ¯ i , apparent molar volumes, V θ i , partial molar volumes at infinite dilution, V ¯ i ∞ , excess partial molar volume at infinite dilution, V i E ∞ , isobaric thermal expansions, α , excess thermal expansions, α E , and refractive index deviations, Δ n D . Infrared spectroscopy analysis was also carried out at atmospheric temperature and pressure. Infrared spectroscopy analysis was also carried out at ambient temperature and pressure. All the measured and calculated properties demonstrate a significant impact of molecular structure, including the size, shape, and length of the carbon chain. As expected, the infrared spectra of these mixtures show a strong potential for hydrogen bonding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper manufacturing process produces liquid and gaseous alternative fuels, as well as solid wastes. These can be subsequently treated through chemical processing, oxidation, and thermal activation, resulting in adsorbent materials with CO2 adsorption capacities. The valorisation of black liquor waste resulting from paper manufacturing was achieved through a catalytic pyrolysis process using two catalysts previously prepared in house (Cu-Zn-MCM-41 and Ni-SBA-16). The HCl-treated adsorbent material, resulting from Ni-SBA-16-catalysed pyrolysis, was selected for use in CO2 adsorption tests as it had the highest specific surface area (224.06 m2/g) and pore volume (0.28 cm3/g). The adsorption experimental setup was linked to a gas chromatograph in order to evaluate CO2 adsorption efficiency using a binary gas mixture consisting of 81% CO2 and 19% N2. With a CO2 adsorption capacity of 1.61 mmol/g, a separation efficiency of 99.78%, and a CO2 recovery yield of 90.02%, it can be concluded that the developed adsorbent material resulting from Ni-SBA16-catalysed pyrolysis and HCl treatment represents a viable solution for black liquor pyrolytic solid waste removal and reduction in greenhouse gases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: This study evaluated how the relative proportion of chitosan (CS) to the polyanions alginate (ALG) and hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose phthalate (HP) affects the colloidal properties of mesalazine (MSZ) nanosuspensions as a strategy to produce particles with specific characteristics. Methods: Nanosuspensions were prepared using a bottom–up approach based on acid–base reactions and were modified with CS in a binary mixture with ALG or a ternary mixture with ALG and HP. The particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, morphology, and drug association efficiency were analyzed. Results: Higher proportions of CS relative to the polyanions resulted in smaller, less polydisperse particles. The zeta potential inversion was influenced by the relative proportion of CS in the system. These results were consistent over 30 days and pH exerted an influence on the magnitude of the observed effect. The optimized NS modified with binary CS/ALG blends had the following properties at pH 6.0: an average particle size of 324.9 nm, PDI of 0.5, and zeta potential of +40.8 mV; at pH 4.0, it had an average particle size of 310.4 nm, PDI of 0.4, and zeta potential of +43.6 mV. The optimized NS modified with ternary CS/ALG/HP had the following properties at pH 6.0: an average particle size of 316.7 nm, PDI of 0.5, and zeta potential of +33.9 mV; at pH 4.0, it had an average particle size of 363.5 nm, PDI of 0.6, and zeta potential of +33.9 mV. Conclusions: CS-based polyelectrolyte complexes with ALG and ALG/HP offer an approach to modulating the properties of MSZ nanosuspensions, enabling the production of particles with tailored characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a renewable energy source and potential substitute for fossil fuels, biodiesel plays an increasingly important role in both energy security and environmental protection. Accurate thermal conductivity data of biodiesels and their mixture with diesel are critical to engine design to achieve high combustion efficiency. This study measured the thermal conductivity of binary mixtures of heptane and biodiesel components, specifically methyl myristate, methyl laurate, and methyl caprate, over a temperature range of 298.15–328.15 K, using the two-wire 3ω method. Based on the experimental data, the effect of mass fraction, temperature, and carbon chain length of the fatty acid ester on the thermal conductivity was analyzed. The second-order Scheffé polynomial model, Flippov equation, Jamieson equation, and Chen equation were used to correlate the experimental data and compare to find a better one. The Flippov equation shows the lowest absolute average relative deviation of 0.80% for the binary mixtures of heptane with methyl myristate, methyl laurate, and methyl caprate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mixtures of two phospholipids (PLs) with different main phase transition temperatures were investigated. Host PLs (HPLs) were represented by DMPC, DPPC, DSPC, and DMPE. The admixed PL was the spin-labeled phosphatidylcholine 5-PC(1-palmitoyl-2-(5-doxylstearoyl)phosphatidylcholine), with a unique opportunity to monitor the properties and the local environments of all admixed PL molecules using saturation recovery EPR methods. Below the HPL phase transition temperatures, 5-PC mixes with HPL to form two distinct pools with different rotational diffusion rates. The fluidity of the local environment in these two pools is very different, being more fluid for molecules with greater rotational diffusion rates. Above the HPL phase transition temperature, 5-PC mixes with HPL uniformly. This is independent of the HPL, observed for 5-PC concentrations from 0.25 mol% up to 20 mol% and for the wide temperature range. Assuminga very low concentration of 5-PC is an ideal probe molecule, we can conclude that small fluid phase domains made of HPL molecules are formed below the phase transition temperature of the HPL bilayers. In binary mixtures of HPLs with 5-PC, below the phase transition of HPL bilayers, fluid phase domains are created within the bulk gel phase of HPL lipids by the admixed second PL, namely 5-PC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have designed a separation process of isobutyl alcohol (52.0 mol%) and isobutyl acetate (48.0 mol%) mixture using conventional extractive distillation (ED) and extractive dividing‐wall column (E‐DWC) with the solvent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The binary mixture exhibits a minimum boiling azeotrope that is sensitive to pressure. Thermodynamic analyses have shown that the vacuum pressures work better compared to the atmospheric pressure when DMSO is the solvent. Based on the separation with a purity of 99.9 mol%, the E‐DWC process has resulted in 9.6 % and 4.8 % reductions in the total annual cost and CO2 emission rates, respectively, in comparison to the conventional method. After further intensification using the heat pump technique, the E‐DWC process with the solvent DMSO has provided more than 40.0 % reduction in energy consumption compared to the ED systems studied in the literature using the solvents butyl propionate and dimethylformamide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the thermophysical, acoustical, and spectral properties of binary mixtures of a-terpineol with fluorobenzene, chlorobenzene, and bromobenzene under standard atmospheric pressure at 303.15 K, 308.15 K and 313.15 K. Molar volume (vm) excess molar volume (vme) partial molar volume (Vomi excess partial molar volume VoEm,i, apparent molar volume (Vm,Q,i) deviation in speed of sound (Δu), isentropic compressibility (ks) deviation in isentropic compressibility (Δks) acoustical impedance (z), deviation in acoustical impedances (Δz) intermolecular free length (lf), partial molar isentropic compression (KoEs,m,i) excess partial molar isentropic compression and apparent molar isentropic compression have been measured. Parameters such as infinite dilution apparent molar volume, infinite dilution apparent molar isentropic compression have also been determined. The Redlich-Rosenberg-Mayer equation for empirical coefficients and applied theoretical models to analyze speed of sound and deviation properties have been used. FT-IR spectral analysis has been performed on binary mixtures at 298.15 K, while computational investigations include gas phase optimization, Mulliken charges, vibrational frequencies, NCI, ELF, LOL, and NBO analyses using DFT. These studies elucidate intermolecular interactions, their strengths, and variations with temperature and halobenzene concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are anthropogenic organofluorine compounds that persist indefinitely in the environment and bioaccumulate throughout all trophic levels. Biomonitoring efforts have detected multiple PFAS in the serum of most people. Immune suppression has been among the most consistent effects of exposure to PFAS. PFAS often co-occur as mixtures in the environment, however, few studies have examined immunosuppression of PFAS mixtures or determined whether PFAS exposure affects immune function in the context of infection. In this study, mixtures containing two or four different PFAS and a mouse model of infection with influenza A virus (IAV) were used to assess immunotoxicity of PFAS mixtures. PFAS were administered via the drinking water as either a binary mixture of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) or quaternary mixture of PFOS, PFOA, perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA). The results indicated that the binary mixture affected the T-cell response, while the quaternary mixture affected the B-cell response to infection. These findings indicate that the immunomodulatory effects of PFAS mixtures are not simply additive, and that the sensitivity of immune responses to PFAS varies by cell type and mixture. The study also demonstrates the importance of studying adverse health effects of PFAS mixtures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Separation of equally sized particles distinguished solely by material properties remains still a very challenging task. Here a simple separation of differently charged, thermo‐responsive polymeric particles (for example microgels) but equal in size, via the combination of pressure‐driven microfluidic flow and precise temperature control is proposed. The separation principle relies on forcing thermo‐responsive microgels to undergo the volume phase transition during heating and therefore changing its size and correspondingly the change in drift along a pressure driven shear flow. Different thermo‐responsive particle types such as different grades of ionizable groups inside the polymer matrix have different temperature regions of volume phase transition temperature (VPTT). This enables selective control of collapsed versus swollen microgels, and accordingly, this physical principle provides a simple method for fractioning a binary mixture with at least one thermo‐responsive particle, which is achieved by elution times in the sense of particle chromatography. The concepts are visualized in experimental studies, with an intend to improve the purification strategy of the broad distribution of charged microgels into fractioning to more narrow distribution microgels distinguished solely by slight differences in net charge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work is devoted to the study of preferential solvation of dimethyl sulfoxide in binary solvents by IR spectroscopy. The absorption frequencies of stretching vibrations of S=O group of dimethyl sulfoxide in mixtures of carbon tetrachloride with acetone, acetonitrile and nitromethane at different ratios of components were determined. Shifts of absorption frequencies of stretching vibrations of the S=O group of dimethyl sulfoxide (Δνpref. solv) in binary solvents as a measure of preferential solvation were calculated. Solvation shells (x*) in binary solvents for the S=O group of dimethyl sulfoxide have been determined using absorption frequencies. The role of the second component of the binary mixture on the effects of preferential solvation and changes in solvation shell composition (x*) was discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To function effectively, pulmonary surfactant must adsorb rapidly to the alveolar air/water interface but avoid collapse from the surface when compressed to high interfacial densities. Prior studies show that phospholipids in the cylindrical monolayers of the inverse hexagonal (HII) phase adsorb quickly. The monolayers have negative curvature, defined by the concave shape of the hydrophilic face. Formation of the HII structures, however, involves significant disruption of chain-packing. Samples with significant spontaneous curvature, formed in the absence of applied force, may nonetheless have lamellar structures that optimize chain-packing. The experiments here tested whether planar lamellar bilayers formed by phospholipids with negative spontaneous curvature might adsorb rapidly but collapse slowly. Prior studies have shown that binary mixtures of dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine-dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (DOPC-DOPE) with higher mol fractions of DOPE (XPE) have more negative spontaneous curvature. Samples of DOPC-DOPE with higher XPE studied here adsorbed more rapidly but also collapsed more quickly. Over that range of XPE, small-angle X-ray scattering showed only lamellar structures. The HII phase was undetectable. The results suggest that the innate tendency of the phospholipids to form curvature has primary importance for adsorption rather than the presence of the HII phase. Planar structures are insufficient to minimize the tendency of spontaneous curvature to promote collapse. These findings are consistent with adsorption and collapse that occur via rate-limiting transient structures with significant negative curvature. NEW & NOTEWORTHY: Pulmonary surfactant must adsorb rapidly to the surface of the alveolar liquid but collapse slowly when compressed. Prior studies show that cylindrical monolayers of the inverse hexagonal phase adsorb rapidly. These structures have negative curvature; the hydrophilic face of the phospholipid leaflet is concave. Our studies tested whether planar lamellar structures with a greater tendency to form negative curvature would adsorb rapidly but collapse slowly. Compositional change accelerated adsorption but also yielded faster collapse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study focuses on investigating the selective evaporation and vapor shielding characteristics of paired unary and binary mixture droplets, composed of deionized (DI) water and an ethanol-DI-water mixture, respectively. Extensive experiments were conducted with two sessile droplets deposited on the surface at varying drop-to-drop distances. We focused primarily on the influence of drop-to-drop distance on the vapor shielding effect, which can delay drying time, and quantitatively analyzed vapor accumulation phenomena. This study utilized the novel visualization method, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) imaging with high vertical resolution, was employed to directly measure the local ethanol concentration during the evaporation of binary mixture droplets (BMD). Specifically, temporal concentration distributions and local evaporation flux were estimated through three-dimensional CFD simulations. It was found that the paired droplets evaporated faster as the distance between paired droplets increased, which attributed to reduced vapor accumulation effects. Also, local ethanol concentration in the adjacent regions of the BMD became slightly lower during the early stages of evaporation due to local accumulation of vapor molecules escaping from the liquid-air interface. The CFD predictions also showed that water and ethanol vapor concentrations became relatively high in the adjacent regions and decreased as distance between the droplets increased. Moreover, the predicted evaporation fluxes for both water and ethanol components decreased in adjacent regions due to vapor accumulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study a binary mixture of disk-shaped active run and tumble particles (RTPs) and passive particles on a two-dimensional substrate. Both types of particles are athermal. The particles interact through the soft repulsive potential. The activity of RTPs is controlled by tuning their tumbling rate. The system is studied for various sizes of passive particles keeping size of RTPs fixed. Hence the variables are, size ratio (S) of passive particles and RTPs, and the activity of RTPs, v. The characteristic dynamics of both RTPs and passive particles show a crossover from early-time superdiffusive to later-time diffusive. Furthermore, we observed that passive particles dynamics changes from diffusive to subdiffusive with respect to their size. Moreover, late time effective diffusivity D eff of passive particles decreases with increasing their size as in the corresponding equilibrium Stokes systems. We calculated the effective temperatures, using D eff , T a , e f f (Δ) and also using speed distribution T a , e f f (v) and compared them. The both T a , e f f (Δ) and T a , e f f (v) increases linearly with activity and are in agreement with each other. Hence we can say that an effective equilibrium can be established in such a binary mixture. Our study can be useful to study the various biological systems like; dynamics of passive organelles in cytoplasm, colloids etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A polemic is given regarding several of the volumetric properties that Touazi and coworkers reported in their published paper. A critical analysis of the published excess molar volumes for binary decalin + tridecane and decalin + tetradecane mixtures revealed that the values determined at low decalin mole fraction compositions were not consistent with values measured at higher decalin compositions. The analysis further showed that the excess molar volumes for the decalin + tridecane and decalin + tetradecane systems differ significantly from published data reported by independent research groups for binary decalin mixtures containing both smaller (C5 to C12) and larger (C16) linear alkane molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The density and viscosity of the pseudo-binary mixtures of eutectic solvent (ES) composed of choline chloride and ethylene glycol ([ChCl/EG]) with dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) were measured. In order to understand the effect of the mole ratio of ChCl:EG, two ChCl/EG ESs with the mole ratio of 1:3 and 1:4 (abbreviated as [ChCl/EG](1:3) and [ChCl/EG](1:4) in this work) were prepared. The measurements were carried out by digital vibrating U-tube density meter and Ubbelohde capillary viscometer from 303.15 to 323.15 K at atmospheric pressure (98.5 kPa). The Jouyban–Acree model was applied to correlate the experimental density and viscosity data of DMSO/[ChCl/EG](1:3) and DMSO/[ChCl/EG](1:4) mixtures. In addition, based on the experimental data, the derived properties of the mixtures, such as excess molar volume and viscosity deviation, were calculated. The comparison and analysis of excess molar volume and viscosity deviation for DMSO/[ChCl/EG](1:2) reported in literature and the results obtained in this work were carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cinnamomum verum (Cinnamomum zeylanicum or Ceylon cinnamon) is an aromatic medicinal plant, popularly used as a culinary spice and in various herbal commodities. The increasing demand and high economic value make C. verum a vulnerable target of substitution by its allied plant species. The present study is aimed at developing highly specific qualitative PCR and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) methods to authenticate and quantify C. verum in cinnamon-containing food products. The method targeted the ITS2-26S rRNA region of C. verum, demonstrating acceptable performance criteria and a sensitivity down to 1.24 ng. Moreover, the qPCR method was developed employing binary sample mixtures, spanning the linear dynamic range (100 to 1%, w/w) of C. verum in an adulterant species (C. cassia). The trueness (− 8.67 to − 20.69%) of the quantitative approach was effectively evaluated using blind sample mixtures. The developed method was applied to analyze 10 commercial cinnamon products, which reflected the practice of both complete and partial substitution of the higher-cost C. verum with its related, lower-cost plant species. In conclusion, the established method with specificity could not only detect but also quantify C. verum products, thus providing an accurate and powerful tool for the authentication of cinnamon-containing foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After the successful synthesis of graphene, the search area for 2D-nanomaterials became even larger. Currently, studies have been expanded from graphene to transition metal dichalcogenides such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), molybdenum diselenide (MoSe2), tungsten disulfide (WS2), and layered transition metal oxides. In this study, MoS2-nanoflakes were prepared by the liquid phase exfoliation technique. Binary mixtures of ethanol and deionized water in different percentages (100%, 80%, 60%, 40%, 20%, and 0%) were used as the solvent to synthesize the MoS2-nanoflakes in a large scale. The quality of the solvents for exfoliation was determined using the Hansen solubility parameters. The analysis revealed that 60% ethanol-to-water mixture worked better than all the other mixtures. This study explored the structural, morphological, and optical properties of the produced nanoflakes. The UV–Vis spectroscopy showed a rise in absorption intensity with increasing sonication time, indicating thickness reduction of the nanoflakes. In addition, the yield percentage increases up to 20% with increasing sonication time. From the atomic force microscope images, the average thickness of the MoS2-nanoflakes has been found to be ∼10 nm. However, it has been found that the thickness of the nanoflakes decreases with increasing sonication time. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy has confirmed that there was no contamination. The lateral size of the nanoflakes has been determined using dynamic light scattering. For 60% ethanol solvent, the lateral size of the nanoflakes has been found to be 168.6 nm. The dispersion remained stable for ∼28 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study focuses on the physicochemical and acoustical properties of binary mixtures to understand molecular interactions within the mixtures. We measured the viscosity and refractive index of benzaldehyde (BZ) and methanol (MeOH) mixtures over a temperature range of 293.15 K to 323.15 K at 10 K intervals, covering various concentrations. Density and ultrasonic velocity values of mixtures in a given concentration and temperature range were sourced from the literature. The experimental data were used to evaluate excess parameters, including excess refractive index ( ​), excess molar volume (), excess viscosity (ηE), and excess ultrasonic velocity (uE). These excess parameters were fitted to the Redlich-Kister polynomial equation. The analysis of these parameters provided a deeper understanding of the molecular interactions within the mixtures, thereby enhancing our knowledge of their physicochemical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of refractive index for binary mixtures offers valuable insights into molecular interactions such as H-bonding or dipole-dipole interactions. These informations are beneficial in the fields of physical chemistry and chemical engineering. The experimental refractive index for binary mixtures of 3-bromoanisole (3-BA) and methanol (MeOH) at four distinct temperatures (293.15, 303.15, 313.15 and 323.15 K) were determined. Various mixing rules were utilized to predict the refractive index of a mixture, taking into account the refractive indices of the individual components and their respective volume fractions. Additionally, experimental values of the refractive index were used to derive the excess refractive index () and electronic polarization (αe) of the mixtures. The excess refractive index was then modelled using a Redlich-Kister (RK) type polynomial equation. The refractive index exhibits non-linear behaviour in response to changes in concentration, which is attributed to molecular interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the European (F-gas) regulation, all refrigerants with a global warming potential (GWP) above 150 will be out by 2030. Searching for alternative refrigerants that are environmentally friendly has become an urgent challenge for the refrigeration and air-conditioning sector. Based on their environmental advantages and good thermo-physical properties, azeotropic mixtures have recently gained special interest as substitutes for conventional refrigerants. This study aims to compare the performance of three eco-friendly azeotropic mixtures with the common refrigerant R134a in three refrigeration cycles: the basic cycle (BC), the ejector-expansion refrigeration cycle, and the ejector sub-cooled cycle. The mixtures under study are R1234ze+R600a, R1234yf+R600a, and R1234yf+R290. These mixtures have global warming potential (GWP) of 5.668, 3.8688, and 3.2865 respectively, whereas R134a has a GWP of 1430. To reach this objective a numerical program was developed using MATLAB software to evaluate the coefficient of performance (COP), and the cooling capacity of the three refrigeration cycles using the studied eco-friendly mixtures and were compared with those of the commonly used R134a refrigerant. The entrainment ratio was also compared for the two ejector cycles using these refrigerants. The simulation was realized for condensing temperatures (Tc) selected between 30 and 55°C and evaporation temperatures (Te) ranging between -10 and 10°C. The results have shown that the eco-friendly azeotropic mixture R1234yf+R290 (GWP=3.51) has the best performances compared to the two other mixtures and they are close to those of R134a. On the other hand, the ejector expansion refrigeration cycle has exhibited a high coefficient of performance compared to the basic cycle and ejector sub-cooled cycle, and a high entrainment ratio compared to the ejector sub-cooled cycle for all used refrigerants. However, the ejector sub-cooled cycle gave a better cooling capacity than the other cycles. According to the obtained results, the azeotropic mixture R1234yf+R290 apart from its excellent environmental properties yields better performances in most of cases, this confirms that it could be a suitable substitute for conventional working fluid R134a which has a great global warming potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with the study of the influence of additives of unsaturated rubbers and low-molecular reactive compounds (LMRCs) on the structure and properties of modified ethylene propylene rubbers (EPRs). Synthesis methods involve the introduction of those components into the vulcanization process in order to improve the key characteristics of polymer materials. The results of the analysis of rheological, thermal, and mechanical properties of modified EPRs are presented. During the experiments, it was established that the introduction of unsaturated rubbers and low-molecular reactive compounds leads to significant changes in the structure of the polymer matrix. The resulting composites exhibit improved mechanical properties, including increased strength and elasticity. The rheological analysis revealed changes in the viscoelastic properties of the material, indicating modification of the internal polymer network. The presented results expand the understanding of elastomer modification processes and also highlight the potential of those additives to create polymer materials with optimized properties. The practical significance of the obtained results may shed light on new ways to develop advanced polymer composites with improved performance and durability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is the first study to assess the physicochemical and biological compatibility of herbicides used in corn crops with entomopathogenic fungi used in the management of Dalbulus maidis in Brazil. The biological index was employed to ascertain the in vitro compatibility of the herbicides with pure spores (not formulated) of tested fungal isolates (Esalq-1296 of Cordyceps javanica and IBCB66 and Simbi BB15 of Beauveria bassiana). The results indicated a significant interaction between herbicides and fungal isolates when colony diameter and colony-forming units (CFU) were considered. Furthermore, changes in physicochemical characteristics were observed in some mixtures of herbicides and mycoinsecticides tested. The number of CFU was significantly reduced as the exposure time increased in the mixtures containing all the herbicides tested. In general, the Esalq-1296 isolate of C. javanica, formulated in a suspension concentrate (Octane®), proved to be more sensitive to the herbicides studied. In vivo bioassays demonstrated that, despite the synergistic effect of the binary mixtures of herbicides and mycoinsecticides on D. maidis mortality, the presence of the herbicide in the mixtures prevented the extrusion of entomopathogens from cadavers; therefore, caution is recommended when combining mycoinsecticides and post-emergent herbicides in tank mixtures aiming to manage D. maidis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the collision dynamics of two Bose–Einstein condensates, with their dynamical wave functions modeled by a set of coupled, time-dependent Gross–Pitaevskii equations. In an effective one-dimensional system, we identify regimes characterized by the relationship between inter- and intra-atomic interactions and the initial configuration of the system, akin to the equilibrium phase diagram of two interacting Bose condensates. We consider a dynamical setup in which two wave packets are initially at rest, with a small separation about the center of an anisotropic harmonic trap. Upon release, we observe a rapid approach to dynamical equilibrium in the limits of very large and very small inter-particle repulsion, characterized by periodic transmission or reflection of the condensates as distinguishable units, whereas the intermediate, critical regime is characterized by extended transient dynamics, density fracturing, and dynamical mixing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experiments, as well as numerical simulations, were conducted to study discharge behavior of Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC) in a flat-bottom silo. The three different types of openings, viz. concentric orifice, off-center orifice and two orifices were used. In the case of a concentric orifice, the mass flow rate is higher than the off-center orifice and two orifices. When the diameter of the orifice remains constant, an inverse relationship is observed between particle size and recorded flow rates, indicating that larger particles result in lower flow rates. The percentage decrease in mass flow rate (MFR) in off-center and double orifices has been compared with concentric orifices. We observed 8.5 % decrease in MFR for MCC 350 using a double orifice where as a 11 % decrease for MCC 700 (MCC 700 particle size is twice that of MCC 350) and 24 % decrease for MCC 1000 (MCC 1000 particle size is 2.8 times that of MCC 350). With an increase in particle size, the percentage decrease in MFR in double orifice increases, while in the case of off-center orifices, it decreases. Segregation is taking place due to percolation in binary mixtures through all discharge orifices. The extent of segregation in the case of the double orifice is more compared to concentric and off-center orifices. We observed the excess fine flow using double orifice for sample A and B up to 40 % discharge of mass and for sample C and D up to 50 % discharge of mass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the phase and interphase behavior at equilibrium and during the mass transfer between two adjacent fluid phases is relevant for optimizing and designing efficient separation processes. This study experimentally investigates the interfacial and transport behavior of systems comprising tri-ethylene glycol (TEG) and methane (CH4) under conditions relevant to the gas dehydration process. A comprehensive review of the interfacial tension (IFT) and diffusivity of systems involving non-polar and polar compounds at elevated pressures was studied. However, a research gap exists, particularly concerning the interfacial tension of systems involving TEG, TEG + water, and different types of gases as well as the diffusivity of CH4 in TEG. To address this gap, this study presents new data on mixture densities, interfacial tension, and drop volumes of TEG and TEG + water in CH4 and CH4 + CO2 mixtures at temperatures ranging from 20 to 50 °C and pressures up to 250 bar using the oscillating U-tube and pendant drop methods, respectively. Additionally, time-dependent fluid mixture densities and TEG droplet volumetric expansion, coupled with an analytical approach for the binary diffusion were applied to determine the CH4 solubility and diffusivity in TEG. The results show that IFT and drop volume of TEG and TEG + water in CH4 and CH4 + CO2 mixtures decrease with increasing pressure. The presence of water increases the IFT of TEG-CH4 up to ∼ 5mN/m, while CO2 reduces it by ∼ 2mN/m. Interestingly, the IFT and drop volume of TEG-CH4 show no significant change at elevated pressures when temperatures rise from 20 to 50 °C. IFT remains relatively constant over time at moderate pressures but decreases by ∼ 3mN/m at an elevated pressure of 150 bar, suggesting methane solubilization into TEG to have a significant influence which is confirmed by TEG drop volume expansion. The diffusivity of CH4 in TEG at 150 bar and 50 °C is determined to be in the range of 10–10 m2/s, which is in agreement with the diffusivity of CH4 in liquids of similar viscosity, i.e. according correlations may be applied as good engineering practice. To the best of our knowledge, there is no such comprehensive work on the properties of fluid mixtures relevant in gas dehydration processes published up to date. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Refractive index (n) and density (ρ) are important physical parameters which are highly susceptible to the solution chemistry of liquids and their binary mixtures. The refractive index (n) and density (ρ) data of pure liquids are readily available in the literature, but the mixture data are often scarce. Therefore, in the present study, measurements of the refractive index (n) and density (ρ) of binary mixtures of n-hexanol (n-HxOH) with N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) were performed over the composition range of 0–1 at a fixed temperature of 313.15 K. The volumetric and refractive parameters of binary mixtures were calculated using experimentally measured values of the density and refractive index. The excess parameters were evaluated and fitted to the Redlich–Kister (RK) polynomial to estimate the binary coefficients and the standard deviations. The variations in these parameters are discussed in light of molecular interactions in the mixture species. Their conformational study is supported by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The refractive index (n) of the binary mixtures is predicted using the Lorentz–Lorentz (L–L), Weiner (Wi), Eyring–John (E–J), Gladstone–Dale (G–D), Arago–Biot (A–B), Newton (Nw), Oster (Ost), and Eykman (Eyk) mixture models. A comparison of various mixture models with experimental values of refractive indices is conducted, expressed in terms of average percentage deviation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The highland barley, Hordeum vulgare L., is a staple food crop with superior nutritional functions in Xizang, China. It is often damaged by the black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel), which is an underground pest and difficult to effectively manage. To introduce a novel insecticide with unique mode of action, broflanilide (BFL) and its binary mixtures with chlorantraniliprole (CAP), fluxametamide, β‐cypermethrin or imidacloprid were screened out as seed treatment to control black cutworm in highland barley in the present study. RESULTS: In the laboratory bioassays, BFL had outstanding insecticidal activity to black cutworm with a median lethal dose (LD50) of 0.07 mg kg−1. The mixture of BFL × CAP at the concentration ratio of 7:40 exhibited the highest synergistic effect with a co‐toxicity coefficient of 280.48. In the greenhouse pot experiments, BFL and BFL × CAP seed treatments at 8 g a.i. kg−1 seed could effectively control black cutworm, with a low percentage of injured seedlings <20% and high control efficacies of 93.33–100% during a period of 3–12 days after seed emergence. Moreover, BFL and BFL × CAP seed treatments could promote the seed germination and seedling growth of highland barley at the tested temperatures of 15, 20 and 25 °C. CONCLUSION: Our results indicated that BFL and BFL × CAP were effective and promising insecticides as seed treatment to control black cutworm in highland barley. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diffusion of hydrocarbon species in an MFI‐type zeolite was investigated using a coarse‐grained approach combined with Kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulations. The model was employed to capture and isolate the essential characteristics of hydrocarbon diffusion such as molecular pushing, passing, and blocking. A modified Lennard‐Jones type forcefield was used to approximate interactions between molecules, and molecules with the oxygen in the zeolite lattice. The basis for the rate expressions is configurational diffusion theory, which has been adjusted to account for an accurate representation of the motions of hydrocarbon molecules trapped in the zeolite. Diffusion coefficients were estimated for low and high loading of single hydrocarbons as well as binary mixtures. In all cases studied, reasonable agreement was achieved with reported experimental data and molecular dynamics simulations. The model is conceptualized as an analytical tool that may be used to address key engineering topics such as applications of zeolites as size‐selective barriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aims to investigate the kinetic and thermodynamic characteristics of single and binary pyrolysis of biomass (date pits: DP) and single-use-plastics (polypropylene: PP, and polystyrene: PS), and the effect of adding natural catalysts—seashell (SS) and cuttlebone (CB) for ternary co-pyrolysis of the feeds. The activation energy (Ea) was calculated using different model-free kinetic methods, including Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS), Ozawa–Flynn–Wall (FWO), and Starink, utilizing information from the degradation at three heating rates from room temperature to 1173 K. The results showed that all three methods produced relatively similar Ea values with a high coefficient of correlation (R2), indicating a good fit for the data. The Ea values for single feeds of DP, PP, and PS using the FWO method were found to be in the range of 196–223 kJ/mol, while for binary feeds—DPPP and DPPPS—the values were found to be lower than for the individual plastics. The high Ea values of the binary plastic mixture are also reduced by ~ 40 kJ/mol in the ternary mixture due to biomass co-pyrolysis. Additionally, the study revealed that the addition of SS and CB catalysts positively affected the ternary co-pyrolysis by reducing activation energy by 28.5 and 5.8%, respectively, due to the catalytic activity of 20 wt% of CaCO3 decomposition from the seashell and cuttlebone added in situ to the feeds. The research contribution of this study lies in its comprehensive investigation of the kinetic and thermodynamic characteristics of biomass and plastic pyrolysis, including single and binary systems, as well as the introduction of natural catalysts for ternary co-pyrolysis. The findings highlight the effectiveness of the studied catalysts in reducing activation energy and provide valuable insights for the development of efficient biomass and plastic waste conversion processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT A two‐way coupling numerical framework based on smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is developed in this study to model binary granular mixtures consisting of coarse and fine grains. The framework employs updated Lagrangian SPH to simulate fine grains, with particle configurations updated at each time step, and total Lagrangian SPH to efficiently model coarse grains without updated particle configurations. A Riemann solver is utilized to introduce numerical dissipation in fine grains and facilitate their coupling with coarse grains. To enhance computational efficiency, a multiple time‐stepping scheme is initially applied to manage the time integration coupling between coarse and fine grains. Several numerical experiments, including granular column collapse, low‐speed impact craters, and granular flow impacting blocks, are conducted to validate the stability and accuracy of the proposed algorithm. Subsequently, two more complex scenarios involving a soil–rock mixture slope considering irregular coarse particle shapes, and bouldery debris flows on natural terrain, are simulated to showcase the potential engineering applications. Finally, a detailed analysis is performed to evaluate the computational efficiency advantages of the present approach. The findings of this study are consistent with previous experimental and numerical results, and the implementation of a multiple time‐stepping scheme can improve computational efficiency by up to 600%, thereby providing significant advantages for large‐scale engineering simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the thermodynamic and transport properties of binary mixtures of 3-pentanol with methyl salicylate, ethyl salicylate, and benzyl salicylate at selected compositions and temperatures from 303.15 K to 313.15 K. The excess molar volume, excess isentropic compressibility, deviation in viscosity, and excess Gibbs free energy of activation of viscous flow were determined from measured values of densities, viscosities, and speeds of sound. The results reveal the strength of hydrogen bonding interactions between the 3-pentanol molecules hydroxyl group and the salicylate derivative molecules’ -OH groups. Furthermore, the Prigogine-Flory-Patterson (PFP) theory is applied to identify the most predominant molecular interaction, and the Jouyban-Acree model results are discussed in terms of mean relative deviation (MRDs) and individual relative deviation (IRD) between calculated and experimental densities, speeds of sound and viscosities as an accuracy criterion [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the thermodynamic characteristics, equilibrium solubility, and solvation dynamics of sildenafil citrate within binary solvent systems composed of propylene glycol and 1-propanol. Utilizing both determination and computational approaches, the solubility patterns of sildenafil citrate were quantitatively assessed, revealing direct proportionality with increments in temperature and the concentration of propylene glycol. A comparative analysis using three distinct mathematical models to represent the solid–liquid phase equilibrium was conducted. Among these, the Jouyban-Acree-van’t Hoff model yielded the most comprehensive correlation by covering the effects of both temperature and solvent composition variations on the solubility, with a mean relative deviation (MRD%) of 6.4%, suggesting a robust alignment between the modelled and experimental solubility data. Previously trained models were tested to predict the solubility of the drug in mono- and mixed-solvents at various temperatures where accurate predictions were obtained with the MRD% of 19.1% (for mono-solvents), 8.1 and 14.4% (for mixed solvent systems). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study, magnetic basic resin (MBR) was synthesized by radical polymerization and modification. Its functional groups, surface morphology, elemental composition, and magnetic value were determined by ATR‐FTIR FE‐ESEM, EDX, and VSM techniques. Subsequently, the usability of MBR as an adsorbent in the simultaneous adsorption of Tartrazine (Tart) and Reactive Blue‐4 (RB4) dye binary mixtures were examined. Maximum adsorption for both dyes, (170 mg/g for Tart and 184 mg/g for RB4), was observed under acidic conditions at a pH range of 1.5–2. It was determined that the adsorption of both dyes onto MBR occurred in a monolayer, and the saturation time was 90 min for Tart and 60 min for RB4. The adsorption of both dyes fitted the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model. It was also concluded that intra‐particle diffusion was effective. Based on the thermodynamic parameters, it was concluded that the adsorption proceeded spontaneously and endothermically, additionally, the calculated E values led to the conclusion that electrostatic interactions dominated the adsorption of Tart and RB4. The MBR exhibited a notable affinity for Tart and RB4, even within a dense matrix containing both anions and cations. Furthermore, it maintained this high removal affinity across four consecutive uses, involving adsorption and desorption processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dielectric, thermodynamic and volumetric measurements of neat 2-ethoxyethanol, neat ethanol and their binary mixtures have been carried out using time domain technique at 10°C–25°C with a variation of 5°C. Various dielectric parameters are calculated from complex dielectric spectra and are used to compute Kirkwood correlation factor, Bruggeman factor and activation thermodynamic parameters. These parameters are used to predict heteromolecular hydrogen bonding between associating molecules. The classical and non-classical type H-bonding interactions among the molecules are predicted using FT-IR spectroscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sulfamerazine (SMR) is a drug used as an antibacterial agent in the treatment of some pathologies, such as bronchitis, prostatitis and urinary tract infections. Although this drug was developed in 1945 and, due to its toxicity, was partially displaced by penicillin, due to the current problem of bacterial resistance, compounds such as SMR have regained validity. In this context, the thermodynamic study of SMR in cosolvent mixtures of acetonitrile (MeCN) + ethanol (EtOH) at nine temperatures (278.15–318.15 K) is presented. The solubility of SMR was determined by UV–Vis spectrophotometry, following the guidelines of the shake-flask method. The solubility process was endothermic in all cases; thus, the minimum solubility was reached in pure EtOH at 278.15 K, and the maximum solubility was reached in pure MeCN at 318.15 K. Both the solution process and the mixing process were entropy-driven. On the other hand, the solubility data were modeled by using the van't Hoff–Yalkowsky–Roseman model, obtaining an overall average relative deviation of 3.9%. In general terms, it can be concluded that the solution process of SMR in {MeCN (1) + EtOH (2)} mixtures is thermodependent, favored by the entropy of the solution and mixture; additionally, the van't Hoff–Yalkowsky–Roseman model allows very good approximations to be obtained and is a simple model that starts from only four experimental data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Loose granular materials may also exhibit instability behaviors similar to liquefaction under drained conditions, commonly referred to as diffuse instability, which can be studied through constant shear drained (CSD) tests. So far, the research on CSD in binary mixtures is still insufficient. Therefore, a series of numerical tests using the discrete element method (DEM) were conducted on binary mixtures under CSD path. The possible model of instability is categorized into type I and type II, type I instability occurs prior to reaching the critical state line (CSL), whereas type II instability occurs after exceeding the CSL. The study analyzes the macroscopic instability behavior and the impact of fine content (FC) on macroscopic instability behavior. The numerical results show that as FC increases, the slope of the instability line (IL) increases initially and then falls in the p‐q plane. In the e‐p plane, the IL decreases initially and then ascends. The instability type of the binary mixtures is influenced not only by relative density but also by FC. The stability index increased first and then decreased with the increase of FC. The microscopic origin of binary mixtures instability is explored by investigating the fabric‐stress relationship. The collapse of the weak contact sub‐network triggers the specimen instability, while the strong contact sub‐network dictates the difficulty of achieving instability. FC influences the evolution of fabric anisotropy of the strong and weak contact networks, thereby controlling the macroscopic instability behavior of binary mixtures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermogels that exhibit a sol‐gel transition at body temperature represent a promising class of injectable biomaterials for biomedical applications. Thermogels reported thus far are generally composed of amphiphilic block copolymer micelles with an isotropic thermosensitive surface that induces intermicellar aggregation upon heating. Despite the promise, these hydrogels exhibit low mechanical strengths due to their uncontrollable aggregation resulting in void formation. To gain better control over intermicellar assembly, herein a novel thermogel design concept is presented based on patchy polymeric micelles bearing multiple thermosensitive surface domains. These domains serve as “patches” to bridge the micelles to form a percolated network structure. Patchy micelles are prepared from a binary mixture of amphiphilic block copolymers: Poly(N‐acryloylmorpholine)‐b‐poly(N‐benzylacrylamide) (PAM‐PBzAM) and poly (N‐isopropyl acrylamide)‐b‐poly(N‐benzylacrylamide) (PNIPAM‐PBzAM), where PBzAM, PAM and PNIPAM are the hydrophobic, hydrophilic and thermosensitive blocks, respectively. At 25 °C, the polymers self‐assembled into mixed shell micelles having a phase‐separated shell with PAM‐ and PNIPAM‐rich domains. At 37 °C, the PNIPAM domains undergo a hydrophilic‐to‐hydrophobic transition to induce intermicellar assembly into entangled worm‐like structures resulting in hydrogel formation. Patchy micelles form a homogeneous network structure without voids. The micelle design significantly affects the inter‐micellar assembly, the thermogelling behavior, and the mechanical properties of the hydrogels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Methods Results Conclusions The aim of this work was to investigate the solubility and co‐solubilization of fragrance raw materials (FRMs) in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and polysorbate 20 (P20) surfactant micellar systems, which can advance our knowledge of multi‐solute micellar solubilization and fragrance olfactory performance from product matrices containing the surfactants.The transfer of individual FRMs and binary FRM mixtures into micellar phases was quantified by UV–VIS differential spectroscopy and evaluated in terms of the standard Gibbs free energy change and micelle‐water partition coefficient. Co‐solubilization effects were further evaluated by the deviation ratio.Anionic SDS was found overall to be a more efficient solubilizer than nonionic P20. On an individual basis, micellar solubilization generally increased with solute lipophilicity but was additionally impacted by solute rigidity and steric effects. Micellar solubilization was favoured for more rigid structures and less favoured for FRMs that exhibited larger molecular rotation and steric hindrance. For multi‐solute systems, three co‐solubilization effects were observed: (i) inhibitive effect in which micellar partitioning of both solutes decreased, (ii) an inverse effect where partitioning of one solute increased while the other decreased and (iii) synergistic effect in which partitioning of both solutes increased. During co‐solubilization in P20 micelles, many FRMs competed for solubilization between the polyoxyethylene chains in the outer layer of the micelle, thereby resulting in an inhibitory effect for both solutes. Co‐solubilization of FRM binary mixtures in SDS micelles often resulted in a synergistic increase in micellar solubility, possibly due to micellar swelling, thereby facilitating partitioning of additional solutes into the micelle. An inverse effect in which the micellar solubility of one solute increased, while the other decreased was observed in both surfactant systems with varying degrees of partitioning depending on the composition of the FRM mixture.The results of this study provide valuable insights into the impact of FRM composition on multi‐solute partitioning behaviour and the impact of surfactant type on co‐solubilization in micellar solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purification of C2H4 from the ternary C2 hydrocarbon mixture in one step is of critical significance but still extremely challenging according to its intermediate physical properties between C2H6 and C2H2. Hydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) stabilized by supramolecular interactions are emerging as a new kind of adsorbents that facilitate green separation. However, it remains a problem to efficiently realize the one‐step C2H4 purification from C2H6/C2H4/C2H2 mixture because of the low C2H2/C2H4 selectivity. We herein report a robust microporous HOF (termed as HOF‐TDCPB) with dense O atoms and aromatic rings distributed on the pore surface which provide C2H6 and C2H2 preferred environment simultaneously. Dynamic breakthrough experiments indicate that HOF‐TDCPB can not only obtain high‐purity C2H4 from binary C2 mixture, but also firstly realize one‐step C2H4 purification from ternary C2H6/C2H4/C2H2 mixture, with the C2H4 productivity of 3.2 L/kg (>99.999 %) for one breakthrough cycle. Furthermore, HOF‐TDCPB displays outstanding stability in air, organic solvents and water, which endow it excellent cycle performance even under high‐humidity conditions. Theoretical calculations indicate that multiple O sites on pore channels can create synergistic binding sites for C2H2, thus affording overall stronger multipoint interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dyeing natural fabrics using supercritical carbon dioxide is challenging, especially without essential color hues. This work demonstrated that two newly developed reactive disperse dyes with distinct colors and shades were generated, one of which featured from the anthraquinone family and the other yellow, containing a pyrazole moiety. These new dyes and their combinations were used to dye cotton fabric using supercritical carbon dioxide and the highest K/S values were achieved at 8.73 for the mixture of (blue dye: yellow dye 80:20), however the lowest K/S was observed at 7.71 for (blue dye: yellow dye 20:80). The new dyes' chemical compositions were identified using elemental and spectroscopic analyses. The effectiveness of these dyes and their mixtures for cotton dyeing was discussed. The dyed samples were tested for color fastness, and the results indicated that they had excellent color retention and were highly durable in washing. The increasing patterns in both dyeing rate and build-up curves show good compatibility. Furthermore, desirable shades of green can be achieved by mixing blue and yellow dyes at various ratios in supercritical CO2. The compatibility test involves calculating color difference index values for dyed cotton fabrics by utilizing various ratios of a binary mixture of dyes. Furthermore, the dyes under study and dyed samples displayed superior antibacterial properties against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria compared to certain antibiotics used as a control. These results aligned with the quality and eco-friendly standards required by the industry without the use of water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractStudies of binary packing mixtures provide beneficial insight into the effects of fines content on the void ratio of multi-sized granular materials. There are some mathematical models that predict the limit void ratios, however, the results obtained through these models have shown some discrepancies with the experimentally measured limit void ratios. To overcome this issue, the target of this study was to extend the mathematical model previously proposed by the authors for estimating minimum void ratios of soil mixtures to predict the maximum void ratios of soil mixtures. The extended model is verified by data from 37 soil mixtures with various soil samples. The predictions fitted well with the experimental results with various fines content for both coarse- and fine-dominant regions with the root mean square error equal to 0.043. Moreover, 44 tests were conducted on 22 different mixed graded soil samples from the Nakdong river soil in Busan to obtain the minimum and maximum void ratios. The predictions of the test results for the minimum and maximum void ratios via the model confirmed the applicability of the proposed model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Leidenfrost effect, a phenomenon where a droplet levitates on a heated surface due to rapid vaporization, has been extensively studied with various liquids. However, the behavior of binary mixtures, specifically those involving hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and water, remains relatively unexplored. This study investigates such mixtures, focusing on the ejection dynamics of secondary droplets under different temperatures and solution concentrations. High-speed imaging is used to capture the evolution of droplets upon impacting a hot surface. The results reveal a significant increase in droplet fragmentation and ejection with increasing temperature and hydrogen peroxide concentration. Droplet ejection volume increased by a factor of 2.5 when the temperature was 60 °C over the Leidenfrost point, while it increased by a factor of 1.7 when comparing a solution of 10% wt. H2O2 up to a concentration of 50%. A comprehensive analysis of the observed phenomena is proposed. The impact of hydrogen peroxide's thermal decomposition on systems such as H2O2 vapor decontamination enclosures is revealed. The main difficulty in obtaining highly concentrated H2O2 gas is attributed to the Leidenfrost effect ejecting secondary droplets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excess molar volume, excess isentropic compressibility, deviation in viscosity and excess Gibbs free energy for activation of viscous flow for binary mixtures of propargyl alcohol (J) with benzyl aldehyde (J1), benzylamine (J2) and benzyl alcohol (J3) components with selected compositions were determined from the measured values of densities (ρ), viscosities (η), and speeds of sound (u) of pure components and their mixtures from 303.15 K to 313.15 K. The effect of various functional groups on the excess properties has been discussed in terms of attractive forces between the components. The results of the Jouyban-Acree model are discussed in terms of the mean relative deviation and individual relative between the calculated and experimental densities, speed of sound, and viscosities as an accuracy criterion.FTIR studies have also been added to confirm the experimental findings of the investigated mixtures [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Densities (ρ), speeds of sound (u), and viscosities (η) were derived for three distinct binary mixtures comprising allyl alcohol in conjunction with chlorinated methanes. The Exploration ranged from 303.15 K to 313.15 K, at atmospheric pressure across all composition. The empirical data from the measurements formed the foundational basis for the determination of excess molar volume, excess isentropic compressibility, viscosity deviation and excess Gibbs free energy with the activation of viscous flow. We computed partial molar and infinite dilution properties for each binary system. The results are interpreted in the forming complexes, chemical forces and specific interactions with binary mixtures. The implication drawn from the application of the Jouyban-Acree model are expounded, taking into account the mean relative deviation (MRDs) and individual relative deviation (IRD) between the calculated and experimental densities, speed of sound, and viscosities as a criterion for accuracy criterion. FTIR studies validate experimental findings in investigated mixtures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Densities (ρ), speeds of sound (u), and viscosities (η) for three binary mixtures of 4-Hydroxy-4-methyl-pentan-2-one with 3-amino-propan-1-ol, 2-amino-2-methyl-propan-1-ol, and 1-amino propan-2-ol were calculated at temperatures ranging from 303.15 to 313.15 K and atmospheric pressure over the entire composition range. Experimental measurements were used to calculate the excess molar volume, excess isentropic compressibility, deviation in viscosity, and excess Gibbs free energy of the activation of viscous flow. Partial molar properties and infinite dilution molar partial properties are also calculated for each binary system. Heteroassociates molecules forming complexes and chemical forces with specific interactions can be discussed from the results. The Prigogine–Flory–Patterson theory is used to identify the most important interaction. The results of the Jouyban–Acree model are discussed in terms of the mean relative deviation and individual relative between the calculated and experimental densities, speed of sound, and viscosities as an accuracy criterion. FTIR studies confirm the experimental findings of the investigated mixtures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excess molar volume, excess isentropic compressibility, deviation in viscosity, and excess Gibbs free energy of activation of viscous flow for binary mixtures of Hexylene glycol (2-methyl-pentanediol-2,4 or MPD) with aliphatic ketones (4-hydroxy-4-methyl-pentan-2-one (J1), 4-methyl-pentan-2-one (J2), and pentan-2-one (J3)) components selected compositions were determined from the measured values of densities (ρ), viscosities (η), and speeds of sound (u) of pure components and their mixtures from 303.15 K to 313.15 K. The results were analysed in terms of intermolecular interactions or hydrogen bonding or hetero-association interactions in the binary mixtures. Finally, the Prigogine-Flory-Patterson (PFP) theory is applied to identify the most predominant molecular interaction. The results of the Jouyban-Acree model are discussed in terms of mean relative deviation (MRDs) and individual relative deviation (IRD) between calculated and experimental densities, speeds of sound, and viscosities as an accuracy criterion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The identification of minerals, particularly clay minerals, using visible, near-infrared, and short-wave infrared (VNIR-SWIR) spectroscopy has gained prominence due to its efficiency and the advancement of remote hyperspectral sensors. However, identifying minerals in polymineralic samples remains challenging due to overlapping absorption features. This study prepared systematic binary mixtures of two smectites (dioctahedral and trioctahedral) with common non-clay minerals (calcite, dolomite, gypsum, quartz, and feldspar). Spectra from these mixtures were obtained using the ASD FieldSpec 4 Hi-Res spectroradiometer and analyzed with continuum removal and second derivative preprocessing to define detection limits. These limits indicate the minimum percentage of each mineral required for clear identification in various smectite–non-clay combinations. After continuum removal, smectites are identified at ≥5%–10% in mixtures with carbonates, quartz, and feldspar, but ≥70% is needed for gypsum. Non-clay minerals have detection limits of ≥70% for calcite and 20% for gypsum in the presence of smectites, while dolomite remains undetectable. The second derivative improves these limits, enabling smectite identification at 5% in carbonate mixtures and 5%–15% in gypsum mixtures. Calcite detection limits are 65%, and dolomite can be identified at ≥65% and ≥85% with dioctahedral and trioctahedral smectites, respectively. Gypsum detection limits are reduced to 10%, while quartz and feldspar cannot be identified due to lacking absorption features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we use the Nehari manifold and the eigenvalue problem for the negative Laplacian with Dirichlet boundary condition to analytically study the minimizers for the de Gennes–Cahn–Hilliard energy with quartic double‐well potential and Dirichlet boundary condition on the bounded domain. Our analysis reveals a bifurcation phenomenon determined by the boundary value and a bifurcation parameter that describes the thickness of the transition layer that segregates the binary mixture's two phases. Specifically, when the boundary value aligns precisely with the average of the pure phases, and the bifurcation parameter surpasses or equals a critical threshold, the minimizer assumes a unique form, representing the homogeneous state. Conversely, when the bifurcation parameter falls below this critical value, two symmetric minimizers emerge. Should the boundary value be larger or smaller from the average of the pure phases, symmetry breaks, resulting in a unique minimizer. Furthermore, we derive bounds of these minimizers, incorporating boundary conditions and features of the de Gennes–Cahn–Hilliard energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]