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It is well known that, at a macroscopic level, the boundary condition for a viscous fluid at a solid wall is one of "no-slip". The liquid velocity field vanishes at a fixed solid boundary. In this paper, we consider the special case of a liquid that partially wets the solid, i.e. a drop of liquid in equilibrium with its vapor on the solid substrate has a finite contact angle. Using extensive Non-Equilibrium Molecular Dynamics (NEMD) simulations, we show that when the contact angle is large enough, the boundary condition can drastically differ (at a microscopic level) from a "no-slip" condition. Slipping lengths exceeding 30 molecular diameters are obtained for a contact angle of 140 degrees, characteristic of Mercury on glass. On the basis of a Kubo expression for $\delta$, we derive an expression for the slipping length in terms of equilibrium quantities of the system. The predicted behaviour is in very good agreement with the numerical results for the slipping length obtained in the NEMD simulations. The existence of large slipping lentgh may have important implications for the transport properties in nanoporous media under such "nonwetting" conditions., Comment: Paper presented at the 112th Faraday discussion "Physical Chemistry in the mesoscopic regime", Chester, April 1999

We discuss the relaxation dynamics of a simple structural glass which has been quenched below its glass transition temperature. We demonstrate that time correlation functions show strong aging effects and investigate in what way the fluctuation dissipation theorem is violated., Comment: 9 pages of Latex, 4 figures; Invited talk for STATPHYS 20, Paris

By using extensive Molecular Dynamics simulations, we have determined the violation of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem in a Lennard-Jones liquid quenched to low temperatures. For this we have calculated $X(C)$, the ratio between a one particle time-correlation function $C$ and the associated response function. Our results are best fitted by assuming that $X(C)$ is a discontinuous, piecewise constant function. This is similar to what is found in spin systems with one step replica symmetry breaking. This strengthen the conjecture of a similarity between the phase space structure of structural glasses and such spin systems., Comment: improved data and method

This is a Reply to the Comment of Muessel and Rieger cond-mat/9804063 to out paper on ``Aging Effects in a Lennerd-Jones Glass''. We show that the scaling function proposed by Muessel and Rieger does not lead to a satisfactory scaling of our aging data., Comment: 1 page of Revtex, 1 eps figure

It has recently been shown that amorphization and melting of ice were intimately linked. In this letter, we infer from molecular dynamics simulations on the SiO2 system that the extension of the quartz melting line in the metastable pressure-temperature domain is the pressure-induced amorphization line. It seems therefore likely that melting is the physical phenomenon responsible for pressure induced amorphization. Moreover, we show that the structure of a "pressure glass" is similar to that of a very rapidly (1e+13 to 1e+14 kelvins per second) quenched thermal glass., Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures, LaTeX2e

Using molecular dynamics simulations we study the out of equilibrium dynamic correlations in a model glass-forming liquid. The system is quenched from a high temperature to a temperature below its glass transition temperature and the decay of the two-time intermediate scattering function C(t_w,t+t_w) is monitored for several values of the waiting time t_w after the quench. We find that C(t_w,t+t_w) shows a strong dependence on the waiting time, i.e. aging, depends on the temperature before the quench and, similar to the case of spin glasses, can be scaled onto a master curve., Comment: 9 pages of RevTex, 5 postscript figures

We present a Molecular Dynamics study of large Lennard-Jones clusters evolving on a crystalline surface. The static and the dynamic properties of the cluster are described. We find that large clusters can diffuse rapidly, as experimentally observed. The role of the mismatch between the lattice parameters of the cluster and the substrate is emphasized to explain the diffusion of the cluster. This diffusion can be described as a Brownian motion induced by the vibrationnal coupling to the substrate, a mechanism that has not been previously considered for cluster diffusion., Comment: latex, 5 pages with figures

We present a detailed molecular-dynamics study of the melting, freezing, and coalescence of gold nanoclusters within the framework of the embedded-atom method. Concerning melting, we find the process to first affect the surface (``premelting''), then to proceed inwards. The curve for the melting temperature vs cluster size is found to agree reasonably well with predictions of phenomenological models based on macroscopic concepts, in spite of the fact that the clusters exhibit polymorphism and structural transitions. Upon quenching, we observe a large hysterisis of the transition temperature, consistent with recent experiments on lead. In contrast, we find macroscopic sintering theories to be totally unable to describe the coalescing behaviour of two small clusters. We attribute this failure to the fact that the nanocrystals are facetted, while the sintering theories are formulated for macroscopically smooth crystallites. The time for coalescence from our calculations is predicted to be much longer than expected from the macroscopic theory. This has important consequences for the morphology of cluster-assembled materials., Comment: 12 pages in postscript form, 14 figures. See also http://www.centrcn.umontreal.ca/~lewis/ . Submitted to Phys. Rev. B

The transport properties of an ionic model for liquid silica at high temperatures and pressure are investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. With increasing pressure, a clear change from "strong" to "fragile" behaviour (according to Angell's classification of glass-forming liquids) is observed, albeit only on the small viscosity range that can be explored in MD simulations.. This change is related to structural changes, from an almost perfect four-fold coordination to an imperfect five or six-fold coordination. (submitted to "Molecular Simulation"), Comment: 5 pages, latex, 6 postscript figures

We present a numerical study of a two dimensional granular medium consisting of hard inelastic disks. The evolution of the medium throughout a cooling process is monitored. Two different types of instabilities (shearing and clustering instability) are found to develop in the system. The development of these instabilities is shown to be in qualitative and quantitative agreement with the predictions of linearized hydrodynamic theory., Comment: 14 pages, latex2e, 9 postscript figures, to be published in Journal de Physique I

We study the power input of a vibrating wall into a fluidized granular medium, using event driven simulations of a model granular system. The system consists of inelastic hard disks contained between a stationary and a vibrating elastic wall, in the absence of gravity. Two scaling relations for the power input are found, both involving the pressure. The transition between the two occurs when waves generated at the moving wall can propagate across the system. Choosing an appropriate waveform for the vibrating wall removes one of these scalings and renders the second very simple., Comment: 5 pages, revtex, 7 postscript figures

The behavior of $\alpha$-quartz under hydrostatic and non-hydrostatic high-pressure conditions has been investigated in Molecular Dynamics simulations of silica in order to clarify the role of non-hydrostatic stresses in the amorphization process. It is shown that the amorphization threshold is not modified if the stress along the {\bf c} direction is lowered, so that the mean amorphization pressure can effectively be lowered under non-hydrostatic conditions. On the other hand, the application of a positive uniaxial stress along the {\bf c} axis, results in the appearance of a new crystalline phase, where all silicon atoms are in five-fold coordination., Comment: Physical Review Letters, in press. 9 pages, uuencoded compressed postscript file

1. Introduction 2. Charged chains at infinite dilution - asymptotic properties 2.1 Definition of the model and Flory-like calculation 2.2 Variational approaches 2.3 Renormalization group calculations 2.4 Screening of electrostatic interactions 2.5 Annealed and quenched polyelectrolytes 3. Local aspects of screening 3.1 Counterion condensation 3.2 Poisson Boltzmann approach 3.3 Attractive electrostatic interactions 4. Electrostatic rigidity 4.1 The Odijk-Skolnick-Fixman theory 4.2 Alternative calculations for flexible chains 4.3 The case of poor solvents 5. Charged gels and brushes 5.1 Grafted polyelectrolyte layers 5.2 Polyelectrolyte gels 6. Semidilute solutions 6.1 Ordering transitions in polyelectrolyte solutions 6.2 Correlation length and osmotic pressure of semi-dilute polyelectrolyte solutions 6.3 Electrostatic rigidity in semidilute solutions 6.4 Concentrated solutions of flexible polyelectrolytes 6.5 Mesophase formation in poor solvents 7. Dynamical properties 7.1 Mobility and electrophoretic mobility of a single charged chain 7.2 Viscosity of polyelectrolyte solutions 8. Conclusions, Comment: 81 pages, plain TEX. Figures available on request (barrat@dpm.univ-lyon1.fr). To appear in "Advances in Chemical Physics" (Prigogine, Rice Editors)