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Human lymphocytes from lymph node, peripheral blood, spleen, and tumor specimens have been fused with the LICR-LON-HMy2 (LICR-2) or SKO-007 human cell lines or the NS-1 mouse myeloma line. Over 75 fusions with the three myeloma-lymphoblastoid lines have been performed. Several factors appeared to improve the fusion outcome, including maintenance of the myeloma-lymphoblastoid lines in logarithmic phase growth at greater than or equal to 95% viability, a delay of 24 hr in the introduction of aminopterin to the fused cells, and preselection of the fetal calf serum used in the medium. For a given number of lymphocytes, fusions with NS-1 produced 5-20 times more clones than fusions with LICR-2 or SKO-007, and LICR-2 produced 4 times as many clones as SKO-007. The percentage of clones secreting human immunoglobulin, the range of immunoglobulin production, and the proportion of IgM, IgA, and IgG secretors were comparable for clones derived from the three myeloma-lymphoblastoid lines. Stable Ig-secreting clones were isolated with approximately equal frequency from LICR-2 and NS-1 fusions. A number of stable clones producing human monoclonal antibodies reacting with cell-surface, cytoplasmic, or nuclear antigens have been isolated from tumor-bearing patients and normal individuals. A surface antigenic system present on normal and malignant cells has been defined with a human monoclonal antibody derived from a patient with breast cancer. Techniques for producing human monoclonal antibody now appear to be sufficiently advanced to initiate a serological dissection of the humoral immune response to cancer.

ABSTRACT: As part of a study of long‐term institutional care of the elderly, this report presents salient data concerning 193 elderly applicants. Physicians play an important role in decisions to apply for such care. More than half of the applicants and about 80 percent of their family members approved of the proposed move. The number applying to homes for the aged vs. other institutions seemed much greater than appropriate; many of these applicants appeared more eligible for placement in foster homes and specialized facilities for the demented, or for remaining in their own homes. About a fifth of the applicants could have continued living independently if they had received a reasonable amount of community assistance. Action implications include: 1) expansion and more informed use of community services, 2) more programs of supervised foster homes for the elderly, 3) construction of specialized institutions for the demented, and 4) a greater effort by institutions to satisfy the desire of many new residents to be involved there in useful tasks.

ABSTRACT: As part of a study of long‐term institutional care of the elderly, this report presents a comparison of the characteristics, health problems, and state of mind of 193 elderly applicants for such care (Group A) with those of 141 elderly persons living independently in the community (Group I). Group A members were older, living with a spouse less often, and had low incomes. They showed much more cerebrovascular disease, incontinence, recent loss of independence in the activities of daily living, dementia, recent hospitalization, loneliness, and depression. They had had much less recent involvement in social and recreational activities, although most had not been socially isolated. They had received more extensive help from relatives and friends, and it seemed unlikely that additional help from these sources would keep many more of these elderly persons out of institutions. Community agencies and services had been used by a relatively low proportion of Group A, and hardly at all by Group I.

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

Replantation of extremities has been followed in a number of cases by profound clinical shock.1,2 Similarly, in World War II, patients with "crush syndrome" were well immediately after the release of the compression but developed shock within hours.3-10 Our study is concerned with various features of this syndrome and describes a possible way to avert a fatal outcome.We attempted to answer the following questions: How many hours of limb ischemia can the dog tolerate? How can survival time be improved and what limits successful treatment? METHODS After light sodium pentobarbital anesthesia (30 mg per kilogram) 60 healthy mongrel dogs, averaging 14 kg in weight, were subjected to a simulated amputation. This consisted of a complete transection of the right midthigh except for femoral vessels, femoral and sciatic nerves, and the femur. Through a femoral window, marrow was removed and the cavity packed tightly with bone wax. The

The feasibility of whole-organ transplants has received a great deal of impetus by the successful homotransplantation of the kidney in the human.1 Ever since Carrell2 described in 1908 the technical feasibility and biological aspects of such transplants, many investigators have tried to produce successful transplants.The replacement of a whole lung would be beneficial in many disease entities. The first attempt of lung transplantation using pulmonary lobes was made by Standacher and associates.3 In 1951, Juvenelle et al.4 reported the successful autologous transplantation of the right rung in the dog. After this, Neptune et al.5 Hardin et al.6 and Davis et al.7 independently reported successful homotransplantation of the left lung in the dog. Hardin and Kittle9 reported 2 survivals following left lung homotransplantation in the dog with contralateral pneumonectomy. The actual function of the homotransplant was not discussed by any of these

Since the use of synthetic vascular grafts there has been the general impression that synthetic grafts do not develop atheromatous changes. This general impression was supported by the experimental work of Creech and associates1 in 1955 with nylon and Orion grafts in dogs, and of Rustad3 in 1958 with nylon-Teflon grafts in rabbits. They concluded that synthetic vascular grafts do not develop atherosclerosis. In 1958 Jordan2 described atheromatous changes in the pseudointima of a nylon and Orlon graft in 2 of 6 hypothyroid dogs with hypercholesterolemia for more than 1 year.The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether synthetic vascular grafts composed of Dacron, Teflon, nylon, and a combination of Dacron-Teflon and nylon-Teflon, would develop atherosclerosis.The adult albino rabbit was selected as the experimental animal because of the relative ease in producing atherosclerosis by hypercholesterolemia. The dog would technically be ideal for vascular grafting,