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101. The park never born: Outcome of a quarter of a century of inaction on the sea‐floor integrity of a proposed but not established Marine Protected Area.

Author

Bianchi, Carlo Nike, Cocito, Silvia, Diviacco, Giovanni, Dondi, Nicolò, Fratangeli, Francesca, Montefalcone, Monica, Parravicini, Valeriano, Rovere, Alessio, Sgorbini, Sergio, Vacchi, Matteo, and Morri, Carla

Subjects
MARINE parks & reserves, MARINE ecology, TOURISTS, BIODIVERSITY, NATURE reserves
Abstract

Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are a major tool to conserve marine ecosystems but are also strongly attractive to tourists, the increased numbers of which can cause environmental issues if not properly managed.Proposing an MPA and then failing to establish it risks advertising the beauty of a marine area without managing the unavoidable increase in tourism. This is what happened at Gallinara Island (Ligurian Sea, north‐western Mediterranean), where an MPA was proposed in 1990 but has not yet been established.Benthic data collected soon after the proposal (1990–92) have been compared with similar information obtained in subsequent periods (2009 and 2016): change has been assessed both visually and statistically, using multivariate and univariate techniques.The Gallinara sea floor supported five epibenthic communities in 1991, four of which corresponded to European Nature Information System (EUNIS) habitats; the fifth epibenthic community, characterized by the erect sponge Axinella polypoides, should be included in the next revision of EUNIS.In the 25 years since the original MPA proposal, all epibenthic communities have exhibited a reduction in their three‐dimensional structure and biotic homogenization, and severe decreases in species diversity, and the sea floor has been littered with derelict fishing gear and other waste from boats.In absence of the MPA, proposals to develop a management plan for a marine Site of Community Importance (SCI) have been provided, to reduce sea‐based human pressures. The dramatic alteration of Gallinara sea floor after 25 years of negligence and inaction is a sad warning for other unmanaged yet beautiful natural areas within urbanized regions of the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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102. Seawater warming at the northern reach for southern species: Gulf of Genoa, NW Mediterranean.

Author

Bianchi, Carlo Nike, Caroli, Francesco, Guidetti, Paolo, and Morri, Carla

Abstract

Global warming is facilitating the poleward range expansion of plant and animal species. In the Mediterranean Sea, the concurrent temperature increase and abundance of (sub)tropical non-indigenous species (NIS) is leading to the so-called ‘tropicalization’ of the Mediterranean Sea, which is dramatically evident in the south-eastern sectors of the basin. At the same time, the colder north-western sectors of the basin have been said to undergo a process of ‘meridionalization’, that is the establishment of warm-water native species (WWN) previously restricted to the southern sectors. The Gulf of Genoa (Ligurian Sea) is the north-western reach for southern species of whatever origin in the Mediterranean. Recent (up to 2015) observations of NIS and WWN by diving have been collated to update previous similar inventories. In addition, the relative occurrences of both groups of southern species have been monitored by snorkelling between 2009 and 2015 in shallow rocky reefs at Genoa, and compared with the trend in air and sea surface temperatures. A total of 20 southern species (11 NIS and 9 WWN) was found. Two WWN (the zebra seabream Diplodus cervinus and the parrotfish Sparisoma cretense) and three NIS (the SW Atlantic sponge Paraleucilla magna, the Red Sea polychaete Branchiomma luctuosum, and the amphi-American and amphi-Atlantic crab Percnon gibbesi) are new records for the Ligurian Sea, whereas juveniles of the Indo-Pacific bluespotted cornetfish Fistularia commersonii have been found for the first time. While temperature has kept on increasing for the whole period, with 2014 and 2015 being the warmest years since at least 1950, the number of WWN increased linearly, that of NIS increased exponentially, contradicting the idea of meridionalization and supporting that of tropicalization even in the northern sectors of the Mediterranean basin. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
2018
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103. Mediterranean seagrass meadows : resilience and contribution to climate change mitigation. A short summary

Author

Pergent, Gérard, Bazairi, Hocein, Bianchi, Carlo Nike, BOUDOURESQUE, Charles-Francois, Buia, Maria Christina, Clabaut, Philippe, HARMELIN, Mireille, Mateo, Miguel Angel, Montefalcone, Monica, Morri, Carla, Orfanidis, Sotiris, Pergent-Martini, Christine, Semroud, Rachid, Serrano, Oscar, VERLAQUE, Marc, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience; not available

Published
2012

106. An ecosystem-based approach to evaluate the ecological quality of Mediterranean undersea caves

Author

Rastorgueff, Pierre-Alexandre, primary, Bellan-Santini, Denise, additional, Bianchi, Carlo Nike, additional, Bussotti, Simona, additional, Chevaldonné, Pierre, additional, Guidetti, Paolo, additional, Harmelin, Jean-Georges, additional, Montefalcone, Monica, additional, Morri, Carla, additional, Perez, Thierry, additional, Ruitton, Sandrine, additional, Vacelet, Jean, additional, and Personnic, Sébastien, additional

Published
2015
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116. The Biodiversity of the Mediterranean Sea: Estimates, Patterns, and Threats

Author

Zoología y biología celular animal, Zoologia eta animalia zelulen biologia, Coll, Marta, Piroddi, Chiara, Steenbeek, Jeroen, Kaschner, Kristin, Lasram, Frida Ben Rais, Aguzzi, Jacopo, Ballesteros, Enric, Bianchi, Carlo Nike, Corbera, Jordi, Dailianis, Thanos, Danovaro, Roberto, Estrada, Marta, Froglia, Carlo, Galil, Bella S., Gasol, Josep M., Gertwagen, Ruthy, Gil, João, Guilhaumon, François, Kesner-Reyes, Kathleen, Kitsos, Miltiadis-Spyridon, Koukouras, Athanasios, Lampadariou, Nikolaos, Laxamana, Elijah, López-Fé de la Cuadra, Carlos M., Lotze, Heike K., Martín, Daniel, Mouillot, David, Oro, Daniel, Raicevich, Sasa, Rius-Barile, Josephine, Saiz Salinas, José Ignacio, San Vicente, Carles, Somot, Samuel, Templado, José, Turon, Xavier, Vafidis, Dimitris, Villanueva, Roger, Voultsiadou, Eleni, Zoología y biología celular animal, Zoologia eta animalia zelulen biologia, Coll, Marta, Piroddi, Chiara, Steenbeek, Jeroen, Kaschner, Kristin, Lasram, Frida Ben Rais, Aguzzi, Jacopo, Ballesteros, Enric, Bianchi, Carlo Nike, Corbera, Jordi, Dailianis, Thanos, Danovaro, Roberto, Estrada, Marta, Froglia, Carlo, Galil, Bella S., Gasol, Josep M., Gertwagen, Ruthy, Gil, João, Guilhaumon, François, Kesner-Reyes, Kathleen, Kitsos, Miltiadis-Spyridon, Koukouras, Athanasios, Lampadariou, Nikolaos, Laxamana, Elijah, López-Fé de la Cuadra, Carlos M., Lotze, Heike K., Martín, Daniel, Mouillot, David, Oro, Daniel, Raicevich, Sasa, Rius-Barile, Josephine, Saiz Salinas, José Ignacio, San Vicente, Carles, Somot, Samuel, Templado, José, Turon, Xavier, Vafidis, Dimitris, Villanueva, Roger, and Voultsiadou, Eleni

Abstract

36 p., The Mediterranean Sea is a marine biodiversity hot spot. Here we combined an extensive literature analysis with expert opinions to update publicly available estimates of major taxa in this marine ecosystem and to revise and update several species lists. We also assessed overall spatial and temporal patterns of species diversity and identified major changes and threats. Our results listed approximately 17,000 marine species occurring in the Mediterranean Sea. However, our estimates of marine diversity are still incomplete as yet-undescribed species will be added in the future. Diversity for microbes is substantially underestimated, and the deep-sea areas and portions of the southern and eastern region are still poorly known. In addition, the invasion of alien species is a crucial factor that will continue to change the biodiversity of the Mediterranean, mainly in its eastern basin that can spread rapidly northwards and westwards due to the warming of the Mediterranean Sea. Spatial patterns showed a general decrease in biodiversity from northwestern to southeastern regions following a gradient of production, with some exceptions and caution due to gaps in our knowledge of the biota along the southern and eastern rims. Biodiversity was also generally higher in coastal areas and continental shelves, and decreases with depth. Temporal trends indicated that overexploitation and habitat loss have been the main human drivers of historical changes in biodiversity. At present, habitat loss and degradation, followed by fishing impacts, pollution, climate change, eutrophication, and the establishment of alien species are the most important threats and affect the greatest number of taxonomic groups. All these impacts are expected to grow in importance in the future, especially climate change and habitat degradation. The spatial identification of hot spots highlighted the ecological importance of most of the western Mediterranean shelves (and in particular, the Strait of Gibralta

Published
2010

117. The Biodiversity of the Mediterranean Sea: Estimates, Patterns, and Threats

Author

Coll, Marta, Piroddi, Chiara, Steenbeek, Jeroen, Kaschner, Kristin, Ben Rais Lasram, Frida, Aguzzi, Jacopo, Ballesteros, Enric, Bianchi, Carlo Nike, Corbera, Jordi, Dailianis, Thanos, Danovaro, Roberto, Estrada, Marta, Froglia, C., Galil, Bella S., Gasol, Josep M., Gertwagen, Ruthy, Gil, João, Guilhaumon, François, Kesner-Reyes, Kathleen, Kitsos, Miltiadis-Spyridon, Koukoras, Athanasios, Lampadariou, N., Laxamana, Elijah, López-Fé de la Cuadra, Carlos María, Lotze, Heike K., Martin, Daniel, Mouillot, David, Oro, Daniel, Raicevich, Sasa, Rius-Barile, Josephine, Saiz-Salinas, Jose Ignacio, San Vicente, Carles, Somot, Samuel, Templado, José, Turon, Xavier, Vafidis, Dimitris, Villanueva, Roger, Voultsiadou, Eleni, Coll, Marta, Piroddi, Chiara, Steenbeek, Jeroen, Kaschner, Kristin, Ben Rais Lasram, Frida, Aguzzi, Jacopo, Ballesteros, Enric, Bianchi, Carlo Nike, Corbera, Jordi, Dailianis, Thanos, Danovaro, Roberto, Estrada, Marta, Froglia, C., Galil, Bella S., Gasol, Josep M., Gertwagen, Ruthy, Gil, João, Guilhaumon, François, Kesner-Reyes, Kathleen, Kitsos, Miltiadis-Spyridon, Koukoras, Athanasios, Lampadariou, N., Laxamana, Elijah, López-Fé de la Cuadra, Carlos María, Lotze, Heike K., Martin, Daniel, Mouillot, David, Oro, Daniel, Raicevich, Sasa, Rius-Barile, Josephine, Saiz-Salinas, Jose Ignacio, San Vicente, Carles, Somot, Samuel, Templado, José, Turon, Xavier, Vafidis, Dimitris, Villanueva, Roger, and Voultsiadou, Eleni

Abstract

The Mediterranean Sea is a marine biodiversity hot spot. Here we combined an extensive literature analysis with expert opinions to update publicly available estimates of major taxa in this marine ecosystem and to revise and update several species lists. We also assessed overall spatial and temporal patterns of species diversity and identified major changes and threats. Our results listed approximately 17,000 marine species occurring in the Mediterranean Sea. However, our estimates of marine diversity are still incomplete as yet—undescribed species will be added in the future. Diversity for microbes is substantially underestimated, and the deep-sea areas and portions of the southern and eastern region are still poorly known. In addition, the invasion of alien species is a crucial factor that will continue to change the biodiversity of the Mediterranean, mainly in its eastern basin that can spread rapidly northwards and westwards due to the warming of the Mediterranean Sea. Spatial patterns showed a general decrease in biodiversity from northwestern to southeastern regions following a gradient of production, with some exceptions and caution due to gaps in our knowledge of the biota along the southern and eastern rims. Biodiversity was also generally higher in coastal areas and continental shelves, and decreases with depth. Temporal trends indicated that overexploitation and habitat loss have been the main human drivers of historical changes in biodiversity. At present, habitat loss and degradation, followed by fishing impacts, pollution, climate change, eutrophication, and the establishment of alien species are the most important threats and affect the greatest number of taxonomic groups. All these impacts are expected to grow in importance in the future, especially climate change and habitat degradation. The spatial identification of hot spots highlighted the ecological importance of most of the western Mediterranean shelves (and in particular, the Strait of Gibralta

Published
2010

121. Climate change and warm-water species at the northwestern boundary of the Mediterranean Sea.

Author

Parravicini, Valeriano, Mangialajo, Luisa, Mousseau, Laure, Peirano, Andrea, Morri, Carla, Montefalcone, Monica, Francour, Patrice, Kulbicki, Michel, and Bianchi, Carlo Nike

Subjects
CLIMATE change research, CLIMATOLOGY, INTRODUCED species, ORGANISMS, GLOBAL warming
Abstract

The effects of global change are particularly serious in areas where range shifts of species are physically constrained such as the Ligurian Sea, which is one of the coldest sectors of the Mediterranean. In this basin, historical information on water temperature (from the sea surface down to 75 m depth) dates back to the 1950s. Early studies also recorded warm-water species occurrence. Thanks to these data we provide the first detailed characterization of water temperature variation from 1958 up to 2010 in the layer 0-75 m depth. We coupled this analysis with the available information on rocky reef epibenthic communities (literature review from 1955 to 1964 and field data from 1980 to 2010). The analysis of water temperature revealed several patterns of variation: a cooling phase from 1958 to 1980, a phase of rapid warming from 1980 to 1990 and a phase of slower warming from 1990 to 2010. Inter-annual variation in temperature increased over the entire period for the water layer down to 20 m. Warm-water native and alien species richness increased during the warming phases. Literature estimates suggest a decrease in warm-water native species richness during the cooling phase. The analysis of quantitative data collected in the early 1990s and late 2000s indicated a decrease in the cover of warm-water native species on shallow rocky reefs and an increase in deeper waters. We argue that increased inter-annual variation in water temperature may disadvantage native warm-water species in shallow waters. Our results indicate that the effect of temperature rises in cold, constrained basins may be more complex than the simple prediction of species changing their geographical range according to their thermal limits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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124. Phenology of the Mediterranean seagrass Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile: Medium and long-term cycles and climate inferences

Author

Peirano, Andrea, primary, Cocito, Silvia, additional, Banfi, Valeria, additional, Cupido, Roberta, additional, Damasso, Valentina, additional, Farina, Gianfranco, additional, Lombardi, Chiara, additional, Mauro, Roberta, additional, Morri, Carla, additional, Roncarolo, Ingrid, additional, Saldaña, Sarahi, additional, Savini, Dario, additional, Sgorbini, Sergio, additional, Silvestri, Cecilia, additional, Stoppelli, Nicola, additional, Torricelli, Leonardo, additional, and Bianchi, Carlo Nike, additional

Published
2011
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128. The Biodiversity of the Mediterranean Sea: Estimates, Patterns, and Threats

Author

Coll, Marta, primary, Piroddi, Chiara, additional, Steenbeek, Jeroen, additional, Kaschner, Kristin, additional, Ben Rais Lasram, Frida, additional, Aguzzi, Jacopo, additional, Ballesteros, Enric, additional, Bianchi, Carlo Nike, additional, Corbera, Jordi, additional, Dailianis, Thanos, additional, Danovaro, Roberto, additional, Estrada, Marta, additional, Froglia, Carlo, additional, Galil, Bella S., additional, Gasol, Josep M., additional, Gertwagen, Ruthy, additional, Gil, João, additional, Guilhaumon, François, additional, Kesner-Reyes, Kathleen, additional, Kitsos, Miltiadis-Spyridon, additional, Koukouras, Athanasios, additional, Lampadariou, Nikolaos, additional, Laxamana, Elijah, additional, López-Fé de la Cuadra, Carlos M., additional, Lotze, Heike K., additional, Martin, Daniel, additional, Mouillot, David, additional, Oro, Daniel, additional, Raicevich, Saša, additional, Rius-Barile, Josephine, additional, Saiz-Salinas, Jose Ignacio, additional, San Vicente, Carles, additional, Somot, Samuel, additional, Templado, José, additional, Turon, Xavier, additional, Vafidis, Dimitris, additional, Villanueva, Roger, additional, and Voultsiadou, Eleni, additional

Published
2010
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147. Measuring change of Mediterranean coastal biodiversity: diachronic mapping of the meadow of the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa (Ucria) Ascherson in the Gulf of Tigullio (Ligurian Sea, NW Mediterranean).

Author

Martens, K., Relini, G., Ryland, J., Barsanti, Mattia, Delbono, Ivana, Ferretti, Ornella, Peirano, Andrea, Bianchi, Carlo Nike, and Morri, Carla

Abstract

Monitoring the extension of seagrass meadows over time is of primary importance for the surveillance of marine coastal biodiversity. Here, we analyse the evolution of the meadow of Cymodocea nodosa in the Gulf of Tigullio, a coastal tract of naturalistic interest but subjected to high anthropogenic pressure. Historical maps at a scale 1:25,000 of C. nodosa meadow drawn in 1986, 1991 and 2001 were processed with GIS (Geographical Information System), using overlay vector methods. Diachronic analyses allowed the measurements of temporal changes, in term of percentage gain or loss of meadow extension, through concordance and discordance maps. A general increase in the extension of the meadow from 1986 to 1991 was evidenced, but the disparity of mapping methods (SCUBA diving in 1986, Side Scan Sonar in 1991) in the two surveys imposes caution when interpreting this result. On the other hand, the comparison of 1991 and 2001 maps, both derived from Side Scan Sonar surveys, showed a regression of the meadow of about 60% in the northern area, and modifications in the upper and lower limits of the meadow due to the impact of coastal works. C. nodosa meadow showed the only enlargement in front of the mouth of the Entella River, due to the increase in nutrient contents for rainfall in the period 1988-1994. The overall analysis evidenced a net decrease in seagrass meadow extension, an early warning of risk for marine coastal biodiversity in the Gulf of Tigullio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2007
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148. Biodiversity issues for the forthcoming tropical Mediterranean Sea.

Author

Martens, K., Relini, G., Ryland, J., and Bianchi, Carlo Nike

Abstract

Present-day Mediterranean marine biodiversity is undergoing rapid alteration. Because of the increased occurrence of warm-water biota, it has been said that the Mediterranean is under a process of ‘tropicalization'. This paper analyses the main patterns of the Mediterranean Sea tropicalization and considers briefly its extent and consequences. As happened during previous interglacial phases of the Quaternary, Atlantic water, entering via the Straits of Gibraltar, carries into the Mediterranean species that are prevalently of (sub)tropical affinity. On the other side of the basin, Red Sea species penetrate through the Suez Canal, a phenomenon called lessepsian migration from the name of F. de Lesseps, the French engineer who promoted the cutting of the Canal. Also the many exotic species introduced by humans voluntarily or involuntarily are nearly always typical of warm waters. Climate change combines with Atlantic influx, lessepsian migration and the introduction of exotic species by humans to the establishment of tropical marine biota in the Mediterranean Sea. Present-day warming ultimately favours the spread of warm-water species through direct and indirect effects, and especially by changing water circulation. It is impossible at present to foresee to what extent the exuberance of warm-water species will affect the trophic web and the functioning of marine ecosystems in the Mediterranean Sea of tomorrow. While Mediterranean Sea communities are modifying their pattern of species composition, they do not seem to be acquiring a more marked tropical physiognomy: Mediterranean coastal marine ecosystems are still dominated by fron-dose algae (even if the species that are gaining ascendancy are of tropical origin) and not by corals as is normal in tropical seas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2007
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149. Can Rock Composition Affect Sublittoral Epibenthic Communities?

Author

Cattaneo-Vietti, Riccardo, primary, Albertelli, Giancarlo, additional, Bavestrello, Giorgio, additional, Bianchi, Carlo Nike, additional, Cerrano, Carlo, additional, Chiantore, Mariachiara, additional, Gaggero, Laura, additional, Morri, Carla, additional, and Schiaparelli, Stefano, additional

Published
2002
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