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In the context of environmental pollution, it is of prime importance to study the organism’s overall response to harmful environments. This could be carried out if there were suitable dynamic variables, describing the state of a living system. In this respect, a new approach to life phenomena is needed because in phenomenological aspect, the biological objects in their entirety could be not adequately described in the terms of other science fields.

Underwater images are susceptible to various distortions compared to images taken on land, due to the nature of the water environment. These images often suffer from diffraction, polarisation, absorption, scattering, colour loss and attenuation of light. Each part of the ocean will have its own sources of distortions, due to flickers caused by direct sunlight, marine snow, the fluorescence of biological objects, the presence of macroscopical organisms, loss of stability in divers, loss of light, artificial lighting and floating dust particles present in the water. There are numerous techniques and algorithms that may be used to restore these underwater images. This study reviews different algorithms and methods, developed in the past two decades, to give clearer ideas on the techniques present in the image restoration process, specifically for underwater images.

Електромагнітні поля (ЕМП) можуть виникати як природно, так і внаслідок людської діяльності. У сучасних умовах стрімкого поширення набувають нові джерела штучних ЕМП через інноваційні технології зв’язку. Тому виникає потреба у дослідженні техногенних ЕМП і механізмів їх впливу на біосистеми. У роботі розглядається питання впливу штучних ЕМП на здоров’я людини, дов­кілля та біологічні об’єкти. Проаналізовано експериментальні та теоретичні роботи стосовно дії ЕМП. Наведено опис принципів нормування рівнів неспецифічних ЕМП і захисту від впливу техногенних ЕМП. Обговорюються можливі механізми дії ЕМП та електромагнітних випромінювань (ЕМВ) на біологічні об’єкти, в тому числі через накопичення біогенних магнітних наночастинок в організмі. Метою дослідження є огляд сучасних способів виявлення біологічних ефектів нетеплових неіонізуючих ЕМП і ЕМВ та визначення перспектив використання біологічних тест-систем для оцінки ефектів ЕМП. Найбільшу увагу приділено сенсорам ЕМП на основі культур мікроорганізмів. Запропоновано класифікацію існуючих тест-систем за критеріями: 1) життєздатності клітин; 2) рухової активності клітин; 3) біолюмінесценції та змін кольору під впливом ЕМП. Аргументовано потребу в розробці простих і надійних біологічних індикаторів різних видів ЕМП, насамперед надвисокочастотного випромінювання, у зв’язку з впровадженням технології 5G-зв’язку. Наголошено на необхідності стандартизованих протоколів випробувань для порівняння результатів досліджень. Показано, що опис відповідних експериментів доцільно супроводжувати такими ознаками: 1) назва культури клітин; нативні клітини або модифіковані; 2) фізичні характеристики ЕМП або ЕМВ (частота, потужність, модуляція, вид джерела); 3) тривалість впливу; 4) перелік досліджуваних параметрів; 5) методи дослідження; 6) абсолютні виміри і результати та відносна величина ефекту; 7) від чого залежить вплив (температура, вік культури клітин, склад живильного середовища); 8) успадковування змін у клітинах; 9) час релаксації ефекту. Electromagnetic fields (EMF) can occur both naturally and due to human activity. Nowadays, through the innovative communication technologies, the new sources of artificial EMFs are widely disseminated. Therefore, one needs to study the artificial EMFs and mechanisms of their influence on biosystems. The paper deals with the issues of the influence of artificial EMFs on human health, environment and biological objects. The experimental and theoretical investigations concerning an action of EMF are analyzed. The description of principles of standardization of non-specific EMFs and protection from the influence of man-made fields is presented. Possible mechanisms of EMF and electromagnetic radiation (EMR) action on biological objects, including those due to the accumulation of biogenic magnetic nanoparticles in an organism, are discussed. The aim of the research is to review state-of-the-art methods for detecting the biological effects of non-thermal non-ionizing EMF and EMR and to determine the prospects of using biological test-systems for evaluation of effects of EMFs. Hereby, the main attention is drawn to EMF sensors based on the cultures of microorganisms. The classification of existing test-systems is proposed according to criteria: 1) vitality of cells; 2) motor activity of cells; 3) bioluminescence and color changes under the influence of EMF. The need to develop simple and reliable biological indicators for various types of EMFs, especially for ultrahigh-frequency radiation in connection with the introduction of 5G communications technology, is substantiated. The necessity of standardized test-protocols for comparison of research results is emphasized. It is shown that the description of corresponding experiments should be accompanied by the following features: 1) name of the cell culture; native or modified cells; 2) physical characteristics of EMF or EMR (frequency, power, modulation, source type); 3) exposure duration of; 4) list of parameters to be investigated; 5) research methods; 6) absolute measurements, results and the relative magnitude of an effect; 7) what does the influence depend on (temperature, age of cell culture, composition of the nutrient medium); 8) inheritance of changes in cells; 9) relaxation time of the effect. Электромагнитные поля (ЭМП) имеют как естественное происхождение, так и являются результатом человеческой деятельности. В современных условиях стремительное распространение получили новые источники искусственных ЭМП из-за появления инновационных технологий связи. Поэтому возникает потребность в исследовании техногенных ЭМП и механизмов их воздействия на биосистемы. В работе раскрыты вопросы влияния искусственных ЭМП на здоровье человека, окружающую среду и биологические объекты. Проанализированы экспериментальные и теоретические работы, касающиеся действия ЭМП. Приведено описание принципов нормирования уровней неспецифическихЭМП и защиты от влияния техногенных ЭМП. Обсуждаются возможные механизмы действия ЭМП и электромагнитных излучений (ЭМИ) на биологические объекты, в том числе в результате накопления биогенных магнитных наночастиц в организме. Целью исследования является обзор современных способов выявления биологических эффектов нетепловых неионизирующих ЭМП и ЭМИ и обозначение перспектив использования биологических тест-систем для оценки эффектов ЭМП. Наибольшее внимание уделено сенсорам ЭМП на основе культур микроорганизмов. Предложена классификация существующих тест-систем по критериям: 1) жизнеспособности клеток; 2) двигательной активности клеток; 3) биолюминесценции и изменения цвета под влиянием ЭМП. Аргументирована потребность в разработке простых и надежных биологических индикаторов разных видов ЭМП, прежде всего сверхвысокочастотного излучения, в связи с внедрением технологии 5G-связи. Подчеркнута необходимость стандартизованных протоколов испытаний для сравнения результатов исследований. Показано, что описание соответствующих экспериментов целесообразно сопровождать такими признаками: 1) название культуры клеток; нативные клетки или модифицированные; 2) физические характеристики ЭМП или ЭМИ (частота, мощность, модуляция, вид источника); 3) длительность влияния; 4) перечень исследуемых параметров; 5) методы исследований; 6) абсолютные значения, результаты и относительная величина эффекта; 7) от чего зависит влияние (температура, возраст культуры клеток, состав питательной среды); 8) наследование изменений в клетках; 9) время релак­сации эффекта.

A new method of forming substrates (devices) with periodic micron surface grids for statistical analysis and visual characterization of ultra-small biological objects and microorganisms is suggested. For this aim an implantation by Ar+ of silicate glasses through surface masks as wire meshes is used to form surface periodic structures in the form of grating with cell sizes of 25 μm and a depth of 100 nm. Testing of novel types of devices was carried out applying scanning electron and atomic force microscopy, as well as EDX analysis using substrates with deposited bacteria as Bacillus subtilis.

Fluorescence change systems that can respond to biological objects have attracted attention for use as biological probes and sensors. In this study, we report emission enhancement in a fluorescent aggregate composed of amphiphilic donor-acceptor dye molecules. The emission efficiency of the aggregate was reduced upon introducing a hydrophilic galactopyranose moiety, because of the decrease in the aggregate stability, which in turn was due to disruption of the hydrophilicity-hydrophobicity balance. In contrast, emission enhancement could be achieved by treatment with β-galactosidase, as a result of the removal of the galactopyranose moiety. The change in aggregate stabilization based on the hydrophilicity-hydrophobicity balance leads to the emission enhancement into detectable β-galactosidase activity.

Formalized approach to the analysis of biomedical signals and images with locally concentrated features is developed on the basis of matched morphological filtering taking into account the useful signal models that allowed generalizing the existing methods of digital processing and analysis of biomedical signals and images with locally concentrated features. The proposed matched morphological filter has been adapted to solve such problems as localization of the searched structural elements on biomedical signals with locally concentrated features, estimation of the irregular background aimed at the visualization quality improving of biological objects on X-ray biomedical images, pathologic structures selection on mammogram. The efficiency of the proposed methods of matched morphological filtration of biomedical signals and images with locally concentrated features is proved by experiments.

Background. At the beginning of 2019, the use of a new representative of synthetic cannabimimetics of the methylbutanoate indazole carboxamides group, MDMB(N)-073F, was recorded in a number of regions in the Russian Federation. Characteristic features of the pharmacological effect, the clinical picture of MDMB(N)-073F poisoning have not been studied, the psychoactive effects produced by MDMB(N)-073F remain unexplored. In this regard, the study of the new cannabimimetic metabolism is an important aspect in establishing the fact of taking MDMB(N)-073F during expert studies of biological objects.The aim of the research is identifying metabolites of synthetic MDMB(N)-73F cannabimimetics in real urine samples using solid-phase extraction (SPE) and gas chromatography (GC) with mass spectrometric detection (GC-MS).Materials and methods. 10 urine samples were collected from March 15 to March 29, 2019. 8 urine samples were taken from the medical examination offices of the city of Yekaterinburg and the Sverdlovsk region from the persons examined for intoxication; 2 urine samples were obtained from the patients of the Sverdlovsk regional center of acute poisoning upon enrolment to the toxic-intensive care unit with a preliminary diagnosis of “acute poisoning by synthetic cannabimimetics”. In the research, SampliQ EVIDEX-200 mg – 3 ml (Agilent, USA) cartridges were used for the sample preparation; β-glucuronidase Type HP-2, From Helix Pomatia, 100000 U/ml (Sigma-ALDRICH CHEMI, Germany) was used for enzymatic hydrolysis. Gas chromatography – mass spectrometry with the use of Agilent 7820 gas chromatograph with Agilent 5975 mass selective detector (Agilent, USA) was used as an instrumental method of the analysis.Results. The metabolites that make it possible to establish the fact of taking MDMB(N)-073F cannabimimetics via urine screening procedure to detect the presence of narcotic and medicinal substances with the use of solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography methods with mass spectrometry, have been described. The major metabolites MDMB(N)-073F in the urine of smoking mixtures consumers have been identified. The metabolism of MDMB(N)-073F has been found to be mainly due to hydrolysis of the ester group, hydroxylation, oxidative defluorination and N-dealkylation. Most of the resulting metabolites are excreted in the urine in the conjugated form.Conclusion. Gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric characteristics of some derivatives of the main metabolites of the new synthetic MDMB(N)-073F cannabimimetic have been obtained. This data can be used in the practice of forensic chemical and chemical toxicological analysis.

Актуальность исследования определяется необходимостью выявления индикаторных свойств химического состава компонентов природной среды, локальных и региональных особенностей их состава с учетом природных и антропогенных факторов воздействия в целях проведения экологической оценки и районирования на территориях, испытывающих специфическое воздействие объектов ядерного техногенеза. Экологическое районирование исследуемых территорий ранее проводилось только с учетом дозовых нагрузок населения, полученного в результате деятельности бывшего Семипалатинского испытательного полигона. В этой связи необходимо изучение природной геохимической специфики, что позволило бы более точно подходить к вопросу экологической оценки изучаемых территорий с учетом комплексного воздействия природных и техногенных факторов. Цель: комплексное изучение элементного состава компонентов природной среды на территории, прилегающей к бывшему Семипалатинскому испытательному полигону. Объекты: компоненты природной среды (почва, солевые отложения питьевой воды, продукты питания, биологические объекты). Методы. Комплекс компонентов природной среды отбирался в жилых дворах – максимально сближено во времени и пространстве. Главным критерием при выборе исследуемых жилых дворов был факт проживания респондентов в них не менее 10 лет. После соответствующей подготовки образцы отобранных компонентов исследовались с помощью инструментального нейтронно-активационного анализа. Результаты. Показаны результаты комплексного изучения элементного состава компонентов природной среды (почва, солевые отложения питьевой воды), биологических объектов и продуктов питания на территориях, испытывающих воздействие бывшего Семипалатинского испытательного полигона. В исследуемых компонентах природной среды установлены элементы-индикаторы воздействия ядерного техногенеза, а также региональная специфика химического состава природной среды исследуемой территории в целом, проявляющаяся в накоплении U и Zn.

We present a new optimization method for permanent magnet systems for magnetic targeted drug delivery. On the example of a human eye, special attention is paid to the challenging situation, where the placement of magnets in close vicinity of the targeted area is impossible. In this paper, we demonstrate how a system of magnets can be optimized to provide the maximal magnitude of the magnetic field gradient with a prescribed orientation in an extended area (vitreous body). The presented methodology is applicable for all tasks involving a magnetic targeted drug delivery to biological objects.

To substantiate the quantitative values of the process of destruction of weeds by means of electric impulse and to elucidate the mechanism of damage and the sequence of disturbances that occur in the internal structure of the processed plants, it is necessary to know not only the design of the electrical circuit of the plant tissue substitution but also to have information on the nature of the change in the parameters of the elements of this scheme during electric damage. The presented technique allows (with the help of inexpensive and accessible technical means) to control the damage to the tissues of a weed plant and to calculate quantitative values using developed mathematical apparatus. The analysis shows that the damage to weed plant tissues can be characterized, first of all, by the loss of cell membranes in their semipermeable functions and an increase in the active conductivity of the processed areas of plants. Such changes in the internal structure of plant tissue lead to loss of cell viability in the areas subjected to the electric impulse treatment. The presented analysis fits the current thinking of biophysicists on the electrical damage to the internal structure of biological objects. The technological studies of the process of the electric impulse irreversible damage to plant tissues conducted, based on the analysis presented in the article, allow us to limit the supplied electric energy that makes it possible to make electric impulse weeding an energy-saving means of combating weeds.

The proposed correction allows to refine the surface temperature determined by a standard noninvasive thermographic method based on IR images for the human skin with a nonuniform in depth temperature distribution. The nonuniformity is due to the biophysical necessity of normal functioning of the organism, as well as to a possible presence of pathological processes in certain areas of the body. The measured brightness can be spectral or polychromatic. The value of the correction is analyzed depending on the size, shape, and thermal power of the source of pathology, as well as the depth of its location, thermophysical and optical characteristics of the biological environment.

The biological activity of laser radiation (wavelength, 632.8 nm) when it interacts with human serum albumin is demonstrated. The most noticeable effect of exposure to laser radiation is observed when the energy density is 28.8 J cm−2. It is assumed that three-photon absorption is the main mechanism of biological stimulation.

Detection systems with deferred registration of luminescence signals are promising for performing complex tasks of imaging of biological objects due to their simplicity and low cost. In the present work, β‑NaYF4:Tm3+Yb3+/NaYF4 nanocrystals with anti-Stokes photoluminescence have been used in deferred registration systems. It has been shown that there is a significant time delay between the exciting laser pulse and luminescence signal, which makes it possible to use this class of nanoparticles in the creation of wide-field imaging systems with deferred registration. The possibility of using nanoparticles for detecting a photoluminescence signal in the second transparency window of biotissue has been demonstrated. This system can be based on the resonance excitation and detection of the photoluminescence signal of Yb3+ ions.

The distribution of free water and water associated with molecules of biological matter determines its state. The electrophysical properties of free and bound water are significantly different, and the relaxation frequency of molecules lies in the microwave range. Therefore, microwave methods of measurement are effective. The microwave sensor circuit is analyzed, for which it is possible to create a rigorous analytical model. The results of calculations of the electromagnetic field components and the transfer function of the sensor are discussed, and the dimensions of its working area are estimated.

An instrument has been developed for measuring the force of affine interactions, in particular, in biological systems. The structure of the instrument is described. It includes a replaceable cartridge with a quartz resonator for analyzing various biosystems by measuring the signal of detachment of molecules from the resonator surface. The instrument is a sensor device with which it is possible to analyze various biological objects, including viruses and bacteria, as well as to carry out DNA identification. Software has been developed to automate the processing of results and the identification of objects. The instrument can be used to carry out express analysis in medical institutions and research laboratories.

Classification of methods and means of laser polarimetry of biological tissues (liquids) is described, methods and means of imaging mueller-matrix polarimetry for reproduction of anisotropic characteristics of biological layers are analyzed. According to the results of the analysis factors of possible increase of reliability of diagnostics of pathological changes of biological objects in application of polarization technologies are determined.

This article discusses the possibility of applying the principles of Fourier polarimetry to the study of optically anisotropic networks of biological objects. The possibility of using statistical analysis to study the coordinate distributions of polarization states in the Fourier plane, the field of scattered laser radiation by virtual polycrystalline networks is demonstrated. The polarization-inhomogeneous structure of the Fourier transform of laser images of ensembles of optical-anisotropic biproenescent crystals has been revealed.

The paper reviews the current studies on the recorded effects of non-thermal factors of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) on humans and experimental animals. The non-thermal effects of EMR impact various systems of a biological organism, which leads to changes in biological processes. They disrupt the normal functioning of the body and its systems: sexual, nervous, endocrine, immune. The study presents the registered changes in a biological object caused by the influence of EMR, starting from the intracellular level and ending with the effect on the body as a whole. The results of EMR exposure are shown and include stimulating negative and positive processes in biological objects. In particular, the relationship between the EMR impact on the initiation and development of cancer processes is traced. There is also a negative effect on spermatogenesis and the activity of male germ cells, which ultimately leads to a decrease in sexual function. The positive effect of EMR is observed in a decrease in neurodegenerative changes in the brain of experimental animals.

One of the main directions in the development of modern electroanalytical chemistry is the development of new effective methods for research and analysis of biological objects, particularly, human blood serum. The creation of new electrochemical sensors is a promising approach, which has determined several main directions in applied voltammetry in the field of chemical analytical control. In this work, the dynamics and parameters of total antioxidant activity of human serum blood of patients with chronic cerebral ischemia, during treatment with pharmaceutical drugs Mexidol, Cavinton Comfort, and Cytoflavin was tested by cathode voltammetry with a model process of oxygen electroreduction, using a new electrochemical sensor.

The radiophysical installation designed to study the effect of microwave radiation on biological objects, with an operating frequency of 915 MHz, was used to influence mice with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma. The laboratory animals were exposed to microwave EM radiation of different intensity. The experimental results obtained revealed the dependence of the tumor growth on the intensity of the microwave radiation exposure.

The study of the effects of naturally low temperatures on the human and animal body is of interest to clinicians who provide medical care to persons who have hypothermia. At present, deaths from general cooling in naturally low temperatures (below -40°C) have not been studied in the world. The possibility of returning to life after freezing has not only not been studied, but is not even expected, although there is very valuable scientific evidence on the return to life of individual organs after deep hypothermia, including the brain. Thermometry of twelve people who were exposed to low temperatures of -40 ° C and below were carried out. Original thermocouples were manufactured and applied for measurement.

Raman spectroscopy provides a non-invasive, chemically-specific optical imaging of biological objects without relying on endogenous labels. Nonlinear Raman spectroscopy allows non-invasive imaging at much faster speed with an improved spatial resolution and axial sectioning capability. In this report we propose a novel use of nonlinear Raman spectroscopy as a sensor of local nano-environment. Time-resolved coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectrograms are found to be sensitive to small variations of local structural changes, which are not normally observed using conventional Raman spectroscopy.

In recent years, research has been intensively carried out on the applicability of magnetic beads (MBs) and magnetic nanoparticles coupled to biological objects such as red blood cells (RBCs). The magnetoresistance (MR) of a solution of RBCs and MBs (RBCs+MBs) was evaluated when MBs migrated in the presence or absence of an external magnetic field. The pattern of distribution of the MBs, which were homogeneously suspended in deionized distilled water, varied depending on the magnitude of the external magnetic field applied between the Cu electrodes connected to the two terminals. As the magnitude of the external magnetic field is increased or decreased, MBs are split on both sides and evenly mixed, respectively. The ratios (ΔMR/MR) versus an external magnetic field for the solutions of only MBs and a mixed RBCs+MBs were −33.4% and −27.4% at ±30 Oe and ±46 Oe of coercive fields, respectively. These results show that a solution of RBCs+MBs can act like a high-resolution biosensor that detects the oxygenation state of RBCs.

Parametric curve models are convenient to describe and quantitatively characterize the contour of objects in bioimages. Unfortunately, designing algorithms to fit smoothly such models onto image data classically requires significant domain expertise. Here, we propose a convolutional neural network-based approach to predict a continuous parametric representation of the outline of biological objects. We successfully apply our method on the Kaggle 2018 Data Science Bowl dataset composed of a varied collection of images of cell nuclei. This work is a first step towards user-friendly bioimage analysis tools that extract continuously-defined representations of objects.

Back in the middle of the last century, information began to appear about the existence of a certain electromagnetic field, called a biofield, which is emitted by biological objects - animals and plants. A scientist from China, Jiang Kanzhen Yu. V., suggested that if you concentrate this radiation from several plants or animals, this field will affect other biological objects. Further research proved this phenomenon. Jian Kanzhen designed the device that concentrated radiation from many biological objects using spherical copper mirrors. He called this device a BIOTRON. Another Russian scientist, E. V. Komrakov, developed and patented a modified Biotron device, more powerful, in 58 countries of the world, and called it BIOTRON-EKOM. Plant seedlings are placed in front of mirrors, and the radiation from them is focused on biological objects. It was found that when irradiated in a Biotron with seedlings of cereal plants, the average life span of C57Bl mice increased to 24.5%, and the nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans increased to 30.1% (the maximum life span was up to 23.2 and 25%, respectively) compared to the control groups. The acceleration of the growth of animal cells in the culture, an increase in the saturating density, an increase in the "total" and "stationary" life span of culture by 23 and 22%, respectively, and an increase in the germination energy of barley seeds by 7.5% were revealed.

For the first time we study the effects of deuterium for various alive and model biological systems on a wide scale of deuterium concentration including water depleted of deuterium. All the data have statistical significance better than 0.05. Mechanisms of the observed phenomena are discussed.

This paper describes the results of work on developing the mobile application for recognition of faces and other biological objects. The application is designed with a focus on loading external machine learning models over the Internet, which allows you to change the model without making any modifications to the application. With such realization, the application can be used in many cases. For example, at carrying out conferences: organizers just need to train a model and send out the link for its downloading to all participants of the conference without any changes in source code. Participants will be able to find out the information about other members they are interested in, as well as contact them directly from the application, both by phone and by e-mail. Instructions are given for teaching your own face recognition model using the Microsoft Custom Vision cloud service, which allows you to train regardless of the power of your local computer. As an example, a classification model was trained and the following assessments of recognition quality indicators were obtained precision: 97.8% and recall: 95.8%. In our future work we consider adding the functionality of emotion recognition based on the pattern recognition algorithm, described in this paper.

El estudio de los procesos de formación de los Derechos de Propiedad Intelectual (en adelante DPI) sobre objetos biológicos vegetales es un área en la que convergen múltiples disciplinas. La Historia de la Botánica ha comenzado a prestar mayor atención a la influencia de los “actores secundarios” en la historia de los conocimientos sobre el mundo vegetal. Sin embargo, el papel de estos actores en la historia de los DPI sobre objetos biológicos vegetales requiere de mayores precisiones. Por ello, en este artículo proponemos analizar la influencia del jardinero y horticultor de origen escocés John Tweedie (1775-1862) en el tendido de las redes de objetos biológicos vegetales que conectaron a la República Argentina con jardines y herbarios de otros lugares del mundo durante el siglo XIX. Los resultados obtenidos indican que tanto los acuerdos privados como las intervenciones de autoría científica que producían estas redes pueden aportar a la historia de los DPI sobre objetos biológicos vegetales. Concluimos en la necesidad de contrastar estos resultados con otros estudios de caso en espacios periféricos., There are multiple disciplines involved in the study of formation of Intellectual Property Rights (hereinafter IPR) on plant biological objects. The History of Botany has begun to pay more attention to the in- fluence of “secondary actors” in the history of knowledge about the plant world. However, the role of these actors in the history of IPRs on plant bio- logical objects requires greater precision. Therefore, we propose to analyze the influence of the Scottish gardener and horticulturist John Tweedie (1775-1862) in the laying of biological objects networks that connected Argentina with gardens and herbariums from other parts of the world during 19th century. The results obtained indicate that both private agreements and interventions of scientific authorship that were verified in these networks can contribute to a history of IPRs on plant biological objects. We conclude on the need to contrast these results with other case studies in peripheral spaces., O estudo dos processos de formação de Direitos de Propriedade Intelectual (DPI) sobre objetos biológicos vegetais é uma área para a qual convergem múltiplas disciplinas. A História da Botânica passou a dar mais atenção à influência dos “atores secundários” na história do conhecimento sobre o mundo vegetal. No entanto, o papel desses atores na história dos DPIs em objetos biológicos vegetais requer maiores esclarecimentos. Portanto, neste artigo nos propomos a analisar a influência do jardineiro e horticultor escocês John Tweedie (1775-1862) no assentamento das redes de objetos biológicos vegetais que conectavam a República Argentina com jardins e herbários de outras partes do mundo durante Século XIX. Os resultados obtidos indicam que tanto os acordos privados quanto as intervenções de autoria científica que essas redes produziram podem contribuir para a história dos DPIs em objetos vegetais biológicos. Concluímos sobre a necessidade de contrastar esses resultados com outros estudos de caso em espaços periféricos., Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales

A new nanobiotechnological approach for the detection of extraterrestrial Earth-like biological forms is proposed. The approach is based on the ability of microbial cells to reduce artificially added cations with the generation of crystalline nanoparticles (NPs) from zero-valent atoms. The method is named DBNG (Detection of Biogenic Nanoparticles Generation). The subglacial low-temperature oligotrophic Lake Untersee in Antarctica was used as a model of putative extraterrestrial water environments inhabited by Earth-like type microorganisms. The DBNG protocol for the comparative study of microbial communities of low-temperature oligotrophic environments was optimized on the base of experiments with the pure culture of psychroactive bacterium Cryobacterium sp. 1639 isolated earlier from Lake Untersee. The formation of silver nanoparticles (Ag°NPs) has been conducted in natural water samples of three horizons at low temperature (+5°C), which was in the temperature range registered in the Lake Untersee. The generation of biogenic Ag°NPs was detected only at the presence of indigenous microorganisms in all studied samples. No Ag°NPs generation was observed in the lake water samples artificially free of cells or exposed to pasteurization (two types of controls). The miniature microfluidic chip for an automated version of the device, based on using different analytical methods for recording in situ-formed biogenic nanoparticles, is proposed. The device allows the detection of the biological objects directly at the sampling site.

The article is devoted to the study of the possibilities of ultrasonic cavitation inactivation of microorganisms. The possibilities of constructing mobile processing equipment for implementing the technology of ultrasonic cavitation inactivation of harmful and dangerous microorganisms for human health are considered. Two possible ways of increasing the intensity of ultrasonic exposure to biological objects were presented due to the concentration of ultrasonic energy and cavitation treatment in a thin layer on the radiation surface. The results of microbiological analysis as well as recommendations to increase the efficiency of cavitation inactivation of microorganisms had given.

Purpose: Extension of the method of surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy to the case of polarized laser radiation.

At this paper biological effects of influence of electromagnetic radiation and moderately low temperature to biological object are investigated. Authors propose to define a contribution of isolated influences by electromagnetic field and low temperature to its combined effect and to establish the relationship between immunological parameters and other associated processes in the body.

The article describes the basics of microwave diagnostics from the point of view of creating a new method for obtaining data to detect pathologies in biological objects, as well as sensors and computational human phantoms for preliminary modeling of experimental equipment.

Light can be employed as a tool to alter and manipulate matter in many ways. An example has been the implementation of optical trapping, the so called optical tweezers, in which light can hold and move small objects with 3D control. Of interest for the Life Sciences and Biotechnology is the fact that biological objects in the size range from tens of nanometers to hundreds of microns can be precisely manipulated through this technology. In particular, it has been shown possible to optically trap and move genetic material (DNA and chromatin) using optical tweezers. Also, these biological entities can be severed, rearranged and reconstructed by the combined use of laser scissors and optical tweezers. In this review, the background, current state and future possibilities of optical tweezers and laser scissors to manipulate, rearrange and alter genetic material (DNA, chromatin and chromosomes) will be presented. Sources of undesirable effects by the optical procedure and measures to avoid them will be discussed. In addition, first tentative approaches at cellular-level genetic and organelle surgery, in which genetic material or DNA-carrying organelles are extracted out or introduced into cells, will be presented., Spanish Nuclear Security Council (CSN-UAM15112018).

From the start of digital video microscopy over 20 years ago, single particle tracking has been dominated by algorithmic approaches. These methods are successful at tracking well-defined particles in good imaging conditions but their performance degrades severely in more challenging conditions. To overcome the limitations of traditional algorithmic approaches, data-driven methods using deep learning have been introduced. They managed to successfully track colloidal particles as well as non-spherical biological objects, even in unsteady imaging conditions.

Research on the field of implantable electronic devices that can be directly applied in the body with various functionalities is increasingly intensifying due to its great potential for various therapeutic applications. While conventional implantable electronics generally include rigid and hard conductive materials, their surrounding biological objects are soft and dynamic. The mechanical mismatch between implanted devices and biological environments induces damages in the body especially for long-term applications. Stretchable electronics with outstanding mechanical compliance with biological objects effectively improve such limitations of existing rigid implantable electronics. In this article, the recent progress of implantable soft electronics based on various conductive nanocomposites is systematically described. In particular, representative fabrication approaches of conductive and stretchable nanocomposites for implantable soft electronics and various in vivo applications of implantable soft electronics are focused on. To conclude, challenges and perspectives of current implantable soft electronics that should be considered for further advances are discussed.

One of the essential tasks in connectomics is the morphology analysis of neurons and organelles like mitochondria to shed light on their biological properties. However, these biological objects often have tangled parts or complex branching patterns, which make it hard to abstract, categorize, and manipulate their morphology. In this paper, we develop a novel topological nomenclature system to name these objects like the appellation for chemical compounds to promote neuroscience analysis based on their skeletal structures. We first convert the volumetric representation into the topology-preserving reduced graph to untangle the objects. Next, we develop nomenclature rules for pyramidal neurons and mitochondria from the reduced graph and finally learn the feature embedding for shape manipulation. In ablation studies, we quantitatively show that graphs generated by our proposed method align with the perception of experts. On 3D shape retrieval and decomposition tasks, we qualitatively demonstrate that the encoded topological nomenclature features achieve better results than state-of-the-art shape descriptors. To advance neuroscience, we will release a 3D segmentation dataset of mitochondria and pyramidal neurons reconstructed from a 100um cube electron microscopy volume with their reduced graph and topological nomenclature annotations. Code is publicly available at https://github.com/donglaiw/ibexHelper., Technical report

Technoscientific objects are penetrating ever more profoundly into the socio-ecological systems that shape the contemporary lifeworld in ways that have brought about widely celebrated benefits, and also many kinds of risks for human health, the environment and society. There are many kinds of technoscientific objects, such as physical, chemical or biological objects that are outcomes of technical/experimental/instrumental interventions made in the course of research conducted in such areas as computer science, biotechnology, nanotechnology, neurosciences, geo-engineering, synthetic biology and artificial intelligence. Moreover, every technoscientific object is itself an object of many kinds, not only an object whose genesis, functioning and effective use are well understood in areas like these, but also a social, economic, ecological and cultural object; and, for each kind that the object is, there are associated specific causal mechanisms whose operations, when triggered in the course of using it in the lifeworld, may lead to effects on and risks for human lives, social arrangements and the environment (Section 1). I will illustrate these claims as they apply to the exemplary technoscientific objects, transgenics (GMOs) used in agriculture (Section 2). Then (Section 3), generalizing the discussion about transgenics, I will argue that appraising the value and legitimacy of introducing and using technoscientific objects adequately requires being informed by the results of scientific investigation that take into account all the kinds of things that they are, and (to the extent possible) all the causal mechanisms from which the effects and risks of using them may arise.Keywords: Technoscientific objects, transgenics, ecological and social responsibility.

The kinetics and mechanisms of the effect of some pesticides: PCNB, TCU, Rohor, PCPNa, chlorophos, heptachlor, and photodynamic herbicides on the AChE activity and mechanical resistance of erythrocytes to ultrasound were studied. A varying degree of the ability of the treated erythrocytes to ultrasound was detected. Data on the violation of the structural and functional properties of erythrocytes correlate with the results of the toxic effects of these drugs on various biological objects. The obtained data can be used for selective search of drugs with the lowest toxicity in their further use in economic activity.

Optical tweezers (OTs) are innovative instruments utilized for the manipulation of microscopic biological objects of interest. Rapid improvements in precision and degree of freedom of multichannel and multifunctional OTs have ushered in a new era of studies in basic physical and chemical properties of living tissues and unknown biomechanics in biological processes. Nowadays, OTs are used extensively for studying living cells and have initiated far-reaching influence in various fundamental studies in life sciences. There is also a high potential for using OTs in haemorheology, investigations of blood microcirculation and the mutual interplay of blood cells. In fact, in spite of their great promise in the application of OTs-based approaches for the study of blood, cell formation and maturation in erythropoiesis have not been fully explored. In this review, the background of OTs, their state-of-the-art applications in exploring single-cell level characteristics and bio-rheological properties of mature red blood cells (RBCs) as well as the OTs-assisted studies on erythropoiesis are summarized and presented. The advance developments and future perspectives of the OTs&rsquo, application in haemorheology both for fundamental and practical in-depth studies of RBCs formation, functional diagnostics and therapeutic needs are highlighted.

Data on the detection of joint presence of pregabalin and lorazepam in the biological objects and material evidence. Aim of this study is to develop a method of the detection of pregabalin and lorazepam in urine. The proposed approach to sample preparation of a biological object and the detection of lorazepam and pregabalin allows the detection of toxicants in cases of their joint presence. It can be used in the analysis of urine in cases of acute poisoning for detoxification therapy or chemical toxicological analysis as a preliminary and confirmatory study for the presence of abuse of these drugs.Приведены данные об определении в биологических объектах и вещественных доказательствах совместного присутствия прегабалина и лоразепама. Цель исследования - разработка способа обнаружения в моче присутствия прегабалина и лоразепама. Предложенный подход к пробоподготовке биообъекта и обнаружению лоразепама и прегабалина позволяет определять токсиканты при совместном присутствии. Он может быть использован при анализе мочи в случаях острых отравлений для проведения детоксикационной терапии или при химико-токсикологическом анализе в качестве предварительного и подтверждающего исследования на наличие злоупотребления указанными лекарственными средствами.