Search

SOBERANA 02 has been evaluated in phase I and IIa studies comparing homologous versus heterologous schedule (this one, including SOBERANA Plus). Here, we report results of immunogenicity, safety, and reactogenicity of SOBERANA 02 in a two- or three-dose heterologous scheme in adults.

In some areas of Vietnam, stigmatisation of HIV-infected children by parents in the community represents a major barrier to integration of such youth into public schools. To investigate parental perceptions of integration, researchers interviewed a total of 60 parents from one rural and one urban school district within Hanoi, Vietnam. Resistance to integration stemmed largely from misinformation about disease transmission and worry about protecting HIV-negative children. Educational campaigns targeted at parents, combined with higher levels of trust in the preparedness of teachers to handle situations involving HIV-positive children, could decrease current stigma and opposition to integration into public primary schools.

This unit describes a rodent model of binge eating based on cyclic restriction, refeeding, footshock, and intermittent access to palatable food. These conditions mimic dieting, stress, and “junk” food indulgence, respectively, all common etiological and maintenance factors in human binge eating. Four groups of rats are used: one subjected to cyclic food restriction, another to acute footshock stress, another to both of these (R + S), and a control. Neither cyclic restriction nor stress alone produces binge eating, but the R + S rats, despite satiety, double their intake of palatable food in a discrete period of time (i.e., binge) when stressed. This protocol recapitulates critical properties of human binge eating, namely preference for palatable food, dieting‐ and stress‐induced vulnerability to binging, and eating for reward versus metabolic need. This protocol permits study of the psychobiological underpinnings of binge eating and possibly also of addiction, impulsivity, and depression, which are co‐morbid with binge eating.

Mixture‐based peptide synthetic combinatorial libraries (SCLs) represent a valuable source for the development of novel agents to control infectious diseases. Indeed, a number of studies have now proven the ability of identifying active peptides from libraries composed of thousands to millions of peptides in cell‐based biosystems of varying complexity. Furthermore, progressing knowledge on the importance of endogenous peptides in various immune responses lead to a regain in importance for peptides as potential therapeutic agents. This article is aimed at providing recent studies in our laboratory for the development of antimicrobial or antiviral peptides derived from mixture‐based SCLs using cell‐based assays, as well as a short review of the importance of such peptides in the control of infectious diseases. Furthermore, the use of positional scanning (PS) SCL‐based biometrical analyses for the identification of native optimal epitopes specific to HIV‐1 proteins is also presented. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 71: 103–116, 2003

“Dry” synthesis conditionsleading to the controlled formation of a hybrid interface are used in preparing tailored mesotextured hybrid materials comprising covalently bonded dendrimers (see picture) and [Ti16O16(OEt)32] clusters. Thus, the formation of a continuous inorganic phase is hindered. The shape of the organic blocks dictates a local symmetry, which is repeated to form a longer range ordered texture. The versatility of the dendrimer tips permits the formation of these tailored phases. R=CH2OH, CH2CH=CHCOOH.

The definition of epitopes for human B and T cells is fundamental for the understanding of the immune response mechanism and its role in the prevention and cause of human disease. This understanding can be applied to the design of diagnostics and synthetic vaccines. In recent years, the understanding of the specificity of B and T cells has been advanced significantly by the development and use of combinatorial libraries made up of thousands to millions of synthetic peptides. The use of this approach has had four major effects: first, the definition of high affinity ligands both for T cells and antibodies; second, the application of alternative means for identifying immunologically relevant peptides for use as potential preventive and therapeutic vaccines; third, a new appreciation of the requirements for TCR interactions with peptide-MHC complexes in immunogenicity; fourth, the establishment of new principles regarding the level of cross-reactivity in immunological recognition.

Hepatits C (HCV) infection is frequent among hemophilic patients treated with non‐inactivated factor‐concentrates. Both HCV genotype and viral load have been suggested to be important prognostic markers of disease progression and treatment outcome. In addition, co‐infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been associated with increased level of HCV replication and higher risk of developing liver failure. Thus, HCV genotype, viral load, and HIV co‐infection are important factors in HCV infection.

It was hypothesized that rewards made contingent on performance quality would enhance intrinsic motivation, since this type of contingency would provide information about task competence. Children received rewards for successfully (performance-contingent) or simply (task-contingent) completing a series of maze puzzles under conditions that made the reward contingency more or less salient. Subsequent to this manipulation, children were given the opportunity to play with additional maze puzzles or alternative activities during a 5-minute free-choice session, in which they were observed unobtrusively. In general, performance-contingent rewards enhanced children's interest relative to task-contingent rewards and a no-reward control, and these effects were more pronounced when the contingencies were made salient. Sex differences emerged, indicating that performance-contingent rewards were more effective in enhancing the intrinsic motivation of boys. The pattern of data obtained suggests ways in which reward can either facilitate or hinder intrinsic motivation, depending on the reward contingency employed.

Free recall of emotionally positive, neutral, and negative adjectives was used as an indirect assessment of the effects of reward on expectations about intrinsic interest. Reward for performing later activities described as interesting (a ““bonus”” orientation) produced recall of a greater number of emotionally positive adjectives, whereas reward for the same activities described as boring (a ““bribe”” orientation) produced recall of a larger number of negative adjectives. A cued-expectancy analysis suggests that reward serves to polarize initial attitude about forthcoming tasks; these polarized attitudes, like moods, influence the nature of words retrieved from memory.

Two studies examined age-related changes in children's orientations toward strategic peer interaction in middle childhood. In Study 1, first graders did to some extent recognize the pragmatic value of ingratiation in eliciting desired outcomes from a target peer. However, they were less likely than older children (third and fifth graders) and adults both to spontaneously infer an ulterior motive, and to negatively evaluate ingratiation, when ulterior motivation was relatively likely. Study 2 extended work by Feldman and Ruble (1988) by providing additional evidence that the activity partner choices of younger children were based primarily on affective reactions to potential partners, while those of older children were based more on strategic factors. Together these studies provide convergent evidence that younger children focus more on affective properties of peer behavior. The contribution of parallel age-related changes in a number of psychological processes and mechanisms to the development of children's strategic peer orientations are discussed.

The present research examined the hypothesis that subjects prefer controlling strategies, such as reward contingencies, to motivate children over strategies that are less likely to foster an extrinsic motivational orientation. Beliefs about the achievement-related behaviors and personality characteristics of extrinsically and intrinsically oriented children were also investigated to understand the reasons for the adults' apparent preference for extrinsics. To examine these issues, a college-aged and a parent sample were asked to read scenarios describing two elementary schoolchildren who exhibited either an extrinsic orientation toward learning (working to please the teacher) or an intrinsic orientation (approaching learning as an end in itself). The results revealed that, in general, both samples preferred strategies that are more likely to promote an extrinsic orientation than those that are less likely to do so. The data also indicated that the subjects believed that teachers prefer extrinsics to intrinsics and that extrinsics derive more benefit from evaluative feedback. Possible reasons for the perpetuation of such erroneous beliefs and preferences for strategies that have the potential to undermine achievement are discussed.

This study examined the hypothesis that task mastery is a critical determinant of the effect of reward on intrinsic interest. Because the negative side effects of reward on interest were assumed to result from a shift away from desire for mastery over a challenge toward simple attainment of a reward, reward was expected to undermine interest if offered to perform a challenging but not an unchallenging activity. Moreover, the beneficial effect of competence information on interest was predicted to depend on whether the target activity evoked feelings of mastery. To test the mastery hypothesis, fourth-grade children performed an interesting activity that varied in levels of complexity. Half of the children were provided with competence information, while the other half were not provided with this information. In addition, half of the children were offered a reward for task engagement. The pattern of results provided overall support for predictions based on mastery.

The effect of hydrochloric acid at pH 1.2–3.2 on erythromycin stearate and commercial dosage forms of erythromycin stearate was studied. Under all conditions examined, erythromycin was readily dissolved from the stearate as hydrochloride, and rapidly lost its biological activity in solution. The inclusion of pepsin in the test systems did not affect the results. Although formulation differences somewhat affected the rate of destruction, acid lability was exhibited by all products examined, except enteric‐coated tablets. Amounts of acid considered to be normal in the fasting stomach contents of adults during the time likely for a dose to remain in the stomach caused 70–90% destruction within 15 min after the shells started to rupture. Amounts of hydrochloric acid appreciably less than 1 mEq, representing abnormally small quantities even in the fasting state, caused destruction ranging from 30 to 70% of the doses in 15 min. These results are not reconcilable with published statements that the sensitivity of erythromycin to gastric acid is overcome by providing the antibiotic in the form of stearate salt.

Previous research indicates that helplessness deficits following failure feedback do not occur in children less than about 10 years of age since younger children have not yet developed relatively stable concepts of ability. The present study examined the hypothesis that different processes and experiences will produce helplessness deficits in children even younger than 10 years of age. In our study, we predicted that for children of different ages, failure feedback about ability to complete an achievement-related task would produce helplessness for 11 year olds on a generalization task, but not 8 year olds, consistent with previous research. We also predicted that even 8 year olds would experience helplessness when an experience was presented in which they were unable to operate successfully a physical event (in this case, a slide projector). The pattern of data obtained confirms predictions and is discussed in terms of theories relevant to the formation of different processes affecting helplessness in children of different ages.Copyright 1993, 1999 Academic Press

Presents various recipes for picnic lunches. Ingredients needed to prepare lunches; Indepth look at the method in which to prepare each lunch; Details on the length of time needed to prepare lunches. INSETS: Cool it.;The deli dash picnic..

Presents the recipes for various kinds potatoes. Includes Crunchy Roast Potatoes; Blue Cheese and Soured Cream Jackets; Herb and Parmesan Mash.

Suggests five steps to help create quick, healthy and versatile vegetarian foods. Tossing the minor ingredients; Adding the vegetables; Adding the noodles and tofu; Adding the sauce; Adding the garnishes. INSET: Omelette curls..

Presents recipes for hot vegetarian dishes. Aubergine Casserole With Harissa Sauce and Couscous; Wild Rice Pilaf; Hot Lentil and Tomato Salad; Spicy Bread Spirals; Thai Spiced Noodles With Mushrooms and Spinach; Poppadom Baskets With Creamy Vegetable Korma; Cajun Spiced Potatoes.

Presents party food recipes. Includes Tortilla Rolls; Houmous Falafel; Mini Potato Bites; Artichoke and Pesto Mini Pizzas; Ciabatta Toasts With Garlic Mushrooms; Cheese Crisps. INSET: Bottoms up! (drinks to serve during parties)..

Presents several recipes. Includes Two-Cheese Pasta Bake; Courgette and Mushroom Bread; Pumpkin Casserole; Chocolate Brownie Cake; Pear and Ginger Muffins.

Features several stuffed vegetable recipes. Includes Squash With Rice, Sage and Goat's Cheese; Peppers Filled With Corn, Chillies and Smoked Cheese; Tomatoes Stuffed With Fruity Dhal.

Presents several recipes for a tasty lunch using a portion from supper. Red Lentil and Carrot Soup; Red Cabbage and Mangetout Noodles; Spinach, Feta and Parsley Omelette.

Presents various recipes for ice cream. Strawberry and Amaretti; Pecan, Fudge and Maple Syrup; Chocolate and Banana; Raspberry and Orange; White Chocolate and Passion Fruit; Coconut Cream and Pineapple.

Presents a number of recipes for salads. Includes Grilled Sweet Potato and Beetroot Salad; Rice Noodle Salad with Coconut Dressing; Roasted Potato and Red Onion Salad with Melting Camembert; Grilled Goat's Cheese and Pear Salad; Vegetarian Caesar Salad with Poached Egg and Lemon Dressing; Tips in salad-making.

Presents several recipes for making the Italian rice dish known as risotto. Risotto Alla Milanese; Courgette, Spinach and Pesto Risotto; Creamy Tomato Risotto; Leek and Goat's Cheese Risotto; Rich Mushroom Risotto.

Presents various tarts recipes. Caramelised Shallot Tatin; Beetroot and Dill Tatin With Horseradish Sauce; Honeyed Carrot and Parsnip Tatin; Pepper and Mozzarella Tatin; Fennel and Leek Tatin.

Presents pastry cookery. Fresh Greens, Red Onion and Egg Pie; Mushroom and Courgette Rice Pie; Curried Vegetable Pie; Artichoke Hearth, Spinach and Pine Nut Pie; Potato, Cheese and Onion Pie; Pizza Pie. INSET: Shortcrust pastry..

Features recipes for vegetarian soups. Includes Home-Made Vegetable Stock; Chunky Vegetable Soup With Herb Dumplings; Spiced Lentil Soup; Tortellini and Pesto Soup; Mushroom and Onion Soup With Pastry Crust; Leek and Rice Soup; Noodle Soup; Corn Chowder With Garlic Croutons.

Presents a wrapped around recipes for Christmas. Couscous and Aubergine En Croute; Potato, Mushroom and Roasted Garlic; Rice and Fennel; Roasted Leek and Parsnip; Curried Lentil and Spinach.

Presents recipes filo pastries. Rice, Mushroom, Spinach and Goat's Cheese Pie; Leek, Gruyere and Ricotta Slice; Camembert and Caramelised Onion Parcels; Tomato and Basil Tart; Apricot and Frangipane Strudel; Fruit Filo Cups.

Presents quiche recipes. Basic Shortcrust Pastry; Greek-Style Quiche; Courgette and Potato Quiche With Smoked Cheese; Fiorentina Quiche; Mushroom, Artichoke and Blue Cheese Quiche; Leek and Mustard Quiche; Rhubarb and Ginger Tarts.

Presents several recipes for cooking lasagne. Includes vegetarian lasagne; Spinach and pesto; Leek and blue cheese.

Presents vegetarian recipes for steamed puddings. Orange Marmalade Steamed Pudding; Individual Chocolate and Hazelnut Puddings; Ginger, Lemon and Honey Steamed Sponge.

Presents one-pot vegetarian recipes. Vegetable Paella; Mixed Bean Casserole; Sweet Potato and Okra Stew; Quick Vegetable Couscous; Fennel and Potato Gratin; Pizza Pie; Cider and Root Vegetable Stew; Mushroom and Barley Casserole.

Reaction of streptokinase with 1 mole of 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl bromide results in a 50% loss of potency in the standard clot lysis assay. Reaction with a second mole of reagent results in only a slight additional loss in potency. However, the modification of the 2 residues of streptokinase does not inhibit the formation of the stoichiometric complex with plasminogen or the formation of the active enzymatic site in the complex as measured by the hydrolysis of α-N-toluene sulfonyl-l-arginine methyl ester.

Controlling the global COVID-19 pandemic depends, among other measures, on developing preventive vaccines at an unprecedented pace. Vaccines approved for use and those in development intend to elicit neutralizing antibodies to block viral sites binding to the host’s cellular receptors. Virus infection is mediated by the spike glycoprotein trimer on the virion surface via its receptor binding domain (RBD). Antibody response to this domain is an important outcome of immunization and correlates well with viral neutralization. Here, we show that macromolecular constructs with recombinant RBD conjugated to tetanus toxoid (TT) induce a potent immune response in laboratory animals. Some advantages of immunization with RBD-TT conjugates include a predominant IgG immune response due to affinity maturation and long-term specific B-memory cells. These result demonstrate the potential of the conjugate COVID-19 vaccine candidates and enable their advance to clinical evaluation under the name SOBERANA02, paving the way for other antiviral conjugate vaccines.

The article evaluates the FlexyTech Level 2 furnaces from Tenova Loi Italimpianti.

Prevalence of bacterial vaginosis in 242 women attending family planning clinics in Concepción, Chile was studied using the Nugent criteria. The syndrome was present in 33.1% of women. No statistical difference was found between the occurrence of bacterial vaginosis and the of oral contraceptives (31.9%) or intrauterine devices (33.1%). The sensitivity and specificity of the Nugent criteria compared with the Amsel criteria were 86.7% and 91.0%, respectively. Vaginal fluid pH and appearance had low specificity in this population. Microorganisms associated with bacterial vaginosis were Gardnerella vaginalis(96.3%), Prevotella/Porphyromonas(70%),Mobiluncusspp. (48.8%), Mycoplasma hominis(21.3%) and Ureaplasma urelyticum21.3). These results suggest that preventive actions and management of clinical infection to prevent complications are needed.

Presents various wrap `n' roll recipes. Includes Bake-in-the-Bag Mushroom Spaghetti; Vegetarian Wontons; Stuffed Vine Leaves with Feta and Mint; Coriander Pancakes with Corn and Black Bean Filling; Sushi Rice and Vegetable Cornets.

Features recipes for vegetarian Mexican food. Includes Filled Spicy Tortillas; Chilli Bean and Tomato Rice; Nachos Bites; Mango Sorbet.