197 results on '"Bonamia"'
Search Results
102. Present knowledge on the molecular basis of cytotoxicity, antibacterial activity and stress response in marine bivalves
- Author
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Thierry Noël, Florence Hubert, Philippe Roch, and Wil van der Knaap
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Oyster ,animal structures ,biology ,Ecology ,fungi ,Ostrea ,biology.organism_classification ,Biochemistry ,Perkinsus marinus ,biology.animal ,Hemolymph ,Crassostrea ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Bonamia ,Antibacterial activity ,Bacteria - Abstract
Mussel hemolymph possessed naturally occurring cytotoxic activity. Vertebrate erythrocytes, mouse tumor cell line and parasite Bonamia were killed, but not bacteria. Two step chromatography revealed a complex multimeric protein of 320 kDa, acting through a polymerization process on the target cell membrane. Of naive animals from the two oyster species Crassostrea gigas and Ostrea eclulis, a low proportion of plasmas and hemocyte lysates presented naturally occurring antibacterial activity. Induction assays by injection of saline solution or bacterial suspensions resulted in increased activity in virtually all oysters. Identification of active polypeptides included acidic solubility followed by reverse phase chroma‐tographies. Oyster hemocytes responded to heat‐shock by the synthesis of particular proteins. Treated in the same way, the protozoan parasite Perkinsus marinus also synthesised long‐lasting 70 to 30 kDa proteins which are different from the oyster ones. The question arises of the biolog... more...
- Published
- 1996
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103. The functional cytology of Bonamia sp. (Haplosporidia) infecting oysters Tiostrea chilensis:an ultracytochemical study
- Author
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B. Wesney and P. M. Hine
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Myxozoa ,biology ,Ecology ,Zoology ,Aquatic Science ,biology.organism_classification ,Bivalvia ,Tiostrea chilensis ,Cytology ,Parasite hosting ,Protozoa ,Bonamia ,Mollusca ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Published
- 1995
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104. Interaction of phagocytosed Bonamia sp. (Haplosporidia) with haemocytes of oysters Tiostrea chilensis
- Author
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P. M. Hine and B. Wesney
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Bonamia sp ,biology ,Tiostrea chilensis ,Hemocyte ,Parasite hosting ,Protozoa ,Bonamia ,Aquatic Science ,Bivalvia ,biology.organism_classification ,Mollusca ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Microbiology - Published
- 1995
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105. Evaluation of the progeny of the fourth-generation Sydney rock oyster Saccostrea glomerata (Gould, 1850) breeding lines for resistance to QX disease (Marteilia sydneyi) and winter mortality (Bonamia roughleyi)
- Author
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Wayne A. O'Connor, John A. Nell, and Michael Dove
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geography ,Oyster ,Veterinary medicine ,Sydney rock oyster ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,biology ,Resistance (ecology) ,Breeding program ,Estuary ,Aquatic Science ,Plant disease resistance ,Selective breeding ,biology.organism_classification ,Fishery ,biology.animal ,Bonamia - Abstract
A breeding program for Sydney rock oysters Saccostrea glomerata (Gould, 1850) has been selecting oysters for resistance to QX disease (Marteilia sydneyi) and winter mortality (Bonamia roughleyi) for three generations at three sites in Georges River, New South Wales, Australia. The experimental sites are located at the upper, middle and lower reaches of oyster growing areas in the estuary. QX disease mainly occurs in the middle and upper reaches and is most severe at the latter. Winter mortality on the other hand occurs mainly at the lower and middle reaches and is most severe at the former. Progeny of third-generation Sydney rock oyster breeding lines were evaluated for resistance to both QX disease and winter mortality against a non-selected control. Line 1, selected for QX disease resistance at the upper estuary site, had excellent resistance to one season of exposure to disease, but suffered high mortality during the second season of exposure. However, these oysters had already reached market size of 50 g whole weight, with low mortality at 2 years of age, before the second episode of QX disease. Line 2 showed good improvement in resistance to both diseases, whereas Line 3, was the most resistant to winter mortality. Selection for resistance to QX disease did not appear to confer resistance to winter mortality and the converse also applied. more...
- Published
- 2012
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106. Bonamia exitiosa (Haplosporidia) observed infecting the European flat oyster Ostrea edulis cultured on the Spanish Mediterranean coast
- Author
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Andrea Ramilo, Beatriz Lacuesta, Antonio Villalba, Noèlia Carrasco, M.D. Furones, Marc Y. Engelsma, Ignasi Gairin, and Karl B. Andree
- Subjects
Oyster ,pacific oyster ,Hemocytes ,crassostrea-gigas ,Epidemiology ,Bioinformatica & Diermodellen ,diagnosis ,Haplosporida ,Food Contamination ,marteilia-refringens ,mytilus-galloprovincialis ,Bonamia ostreae ,Mediterranean sea ,biology.animal ,Bio-informatics & Animal models ,Ostrea ,Mediterranean Sea ,spain ,Parasite hosting ,Animals ,Epidemiology, Bio-informatics & Animal models ,Ostrea edulis ,Protozoan Infections, Animal ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,In Situ Hybridization ,Phylogeny ,protozoan parasite ,Epidemiologie ,biology ,Ecology ,Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ,paramyxea ,food and beverages ,dynamics ,Pacific oyster ,DNA, Protozoan ,sequence ,biology.organism_classification ,Spain ,Epidemiologie, Bioinformatica & Diermodellen ,Bonamia ,Bay ,Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
Bonamia exitiosa and Bonamia ostreae are parasites that reproduce within the haemocytes of several oyster species. In Europe, the host species is the flat oyster Ostrea edulis. The parasite B. ostreae has been responsible for mortalities since the late 1970s throughout the European Atlantic coast. B. exitiosa was first detected, in 2007, on this continent in flat oysters cultured in Galicia (NW Spain). Since then, the parasite has also been detected in France, Italy and the United Kingdom. The bays of the Ebro Delta in the south of Catalonia represent the main bivalve culture area in the Mediterranean coast of Spain. Previous information from the area includes reports of several flat oyster pathogens, including the notifiable parasite Marteilia refringens. However, the status with regard to Bonamia parasites was uncertain. In the present study, a Bonamia parasite was observed in flat oysters cultured in the Alfacs Bay of the Ebro Delta by histology and real-time PCR. PCR-RFLP and sequencing suggested the presence of B. exitiosa. Finally, phylogenetic analyses of the studied Bonamia isolates corroborated B. exitiosa infection. M. refringens was also observed in the same oyster batch, and co-infection with both parasites was also detected. This is the first detection of B. exitiosa, in Catalonia and the Spanish Mediterranean coast. The impact of the parasite on the Mediterranean flat oyster activity needs to be urgently addressed. more...
- Published
- 2012
107. Bonamiaand other aquatic parasites of importance to New Zealand
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P. M. Hine and J.B. Jones
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animal structures ,biology ,business.industry ,Jasus edwardsii ,Fish farming ,biology.organism_classification ,Anisakis ,Fishery ,Aquaculture ,Tiostrea chilensis ,Wild fisheries ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Bonamia ,business ,Shellfish - Abstract
The degree to which the parasites and diseases of New Zealand fish and shellfish have been studied reflects the commercial importance of the host concerned and the severity of infection. As New Zealand aquaculture is largely based on farmed bivalve molluscs and salmonids, most attention has been given to these groups. However, by far the most serious parasitic disease of bivalves, Bonamia sp. in flat oysters (Tiostrea chilensis), is primarily a problem in wild fisheries. The importance of Bonamia sp. is such that this review will deal largely with bonamiasis but will also mention other parasites of New Zealand fish and shellfish. Crustaceans have received very little attention, because only rock lobsters (Jasus edwardsii) support a substantial fishery, and there are no known parasitic diseases of this species. Marine fishes have been poorly surveyed for parasites, but the presence of Anisakis spp. larvae and cestode plerocercae in fillets are of increasing public health concern. more...
- Published
- 1994
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108. A Possible Life Cycle for Bonamia ostreae on the Basis of Electron Microscopy Studies
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Carlos Azevedo, R. Anadón, and Jaime Montes
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Oyster ,biology ,Ecology ,Bivalvia ,biology.organism_classification ,Microbiology ,Bonamia ostreae ,biology.animal ,Ultrastructure ,Parasite hosting ,Protozoa ,Bonamia ,Ostrea edulis ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Bonamia ostreae is a protozoan parasite of the flat oyster Ostrea edulis which has caused important losses throughout the world over the last decade. With the aim of studying its life cycle, host-parasite relationships, and infection processes, we carried out an electron microscopic study of branchial epithelium and hemocytes of infected oysters from Galicia (NW Spain). Parasites apparently undergoing mitosis were observed both in cells of the branchial epithelium and in hemocytes, with microtubule-containing nuclei in both cases being visible in longitudinal and transverse sections. On the basis of our observations we propose a life cycle for this parasite which includes both intraepithelial and hemocytic phases of proliferation by binary fission and eventual destruction of the cells releasing Bonamia to reinitiate infection of new cells or individuals. more...
- Published
- 1994
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109. Flora da Usina São José, Igarassu, Pernambuco: Convolvulaceae
- Author
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Maria Teresa Buril and Marccus Alves
- Subjects
Atlantic rainforest ,Identification key ,taxonomia ,Plant Science ,Horticulture ,Ipomoea ,Floristics ,taxonomy ,lcsh:Botany ,Mata Atlântica ,Botany ,florística ,Jacquemontia ,Endemism ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,liana ,biology ,trepadeira ,biology.organism_classification ,lcsh:QK1-989 ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,Tiliacea ,Bonamia ,vine ,Convolvulaceae ,floristics - Abstract
Resumo Convolvulaceae e uma familia predominantemente tropical e compreende entre 1600 e 1700 especies. O Brasil e um importante centro de endemismo do grupo, mas sua diversidade ainda e pouco conhecida e subestimada no pais. A flora de Convolvulaceae da Usina Sao Jose, aqui apresentada, portanto, incrementa o conhecimento sobre a diversidade da familia no Nordeste. Foram registradas doze especies e cinco generos de Convolvulaceae na regiao: Bonamia maripoides, Evolvulus nummularius, Ipomoea bahiensis, I. hederifolia, I. nil, I. philomega, I. quamoclit, I. tiliacea, Jacquemontia glaucescens, J. sphaerostigma, Merremia macrocalyx e M. umbellata. O tratamento conta com chave de identificacao, descricoes, ilustracoes e comentarios para os taxons. Palavras-chave: floristica, liana, Mata Atlântica, taxonomia, trepadeira. Abstract Convolvulaceae is a predominantly tropical family and comprises between 1600 and 1700 species. Brazil is an important center of endemism of the group, but its diversity is still poorly understood and underestimated in the country. Therefore, the flora of Convolvulaceae from the Usina Sao Jose, presented here, increases the knowledge about the diversity of the family in the Northeast Brazil. Twelve species and five genera of Convolvulaceae is reported in the region: Bonamia maripoides, Evolvulus nummularius, Ipomoea bahiensis, I. hederifolia, I. nil, I. philomega, I. quamoclit, I. tiliacea, Jacquemontia glaucescens, J. sphaerostigma, Merremia macrocalyx, and M. umbellata. The treatment includes identification key, descriptions, illustrations, and comments for the taxa. Key words: Atlantic rainforest, floristics, liana, taxonomy, vine. more...
- Published
- 2011
110. Electrochemical genosensors for the detection of Bonamia parasite. Selection of single strand-DNA (ssDNA) probes by simulation of the secondary structure folding
- Author
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German Perez, Marcello Mascini, Dario Compagnone, Pietro Giorgio Tiscar, Valeria Narcisi, Hideko Yamanaka, and Michele Del Carlo
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Models, Molecular ,Haplosporida ,Molecular Sequence Data ,DNA, Single-Stranded ,Sequence (biology) ,Biosensing Techniques ,Computational biology ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,01 natural sciences ,Analytical Chemistry ,03 medical and health sciences ,Electrochemistry ,Parasite hosting ,Protein secondary structure ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,Base Sequence ,biology ,Chemistry ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Nucleic Acid Hybridization ,Hydrogen Bonding ,Amplicon ,biology.organism_classification ,Molecular biology ,0104 chemical sciences ,Folding (chemistry) ,Biotinylation ,Nucleic acid ,Nucleic Acid Conformation ,Thermodynamics ,Bonamia ,DNA Probes - Abstract
A post-PCR nucleic acid work by comparing experimental data, from electrochemical genosensors, and bioinformatics data, derived from the simulation of the secondary structure folding and prediction of hybridisation reaction, was carried out in order to rationalize the selection of ssDNA probes for the detection of two Bonamia species, B. exitiosa and B. ostreae, parasites of Ostrea edulis. Six ssDNA probes (from 11 to 25 bases in length, 2 thiolated and 4 biotinylated) were selected within different regions of B. ostreae and B. exitiosa PCR amplicons (300 and 304 bases, respectively) with the aim to discriminate between these parasite species. ssDNA amplicons and probes were analyzed separately using the “Mfold Web Server” simulating the secondary structure folding behaviour. The hybridisation of amplicon–probe was predicted by means of “Dinamelt Web Server”. The results were evaluated considering the number of hydrogen bonds broken and formed in the simulated folding and hybridisation process, variance in gaps for each sequence and number of available bases. In the experimental part, thermally denatured PCR products were captured at the sensor interface via sandwich hybridisation with surface-tethered probes (thiolated probes) and biotinylated signalling probes. A convergence between analytical signals and simulated results was observed, indicating the possibility to use bioinformatic data for ssDNA probes selection to be incorporated in genosensors. more...
- Published
- 2011
111. Bonamia maripoides Hallier
- Author
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Araújo, Diogo and Alves, Marccus
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Tracheophyta ,Magnoliopsida ,Bonamia maripoides ,Solanales ,Biodiversity ,Plantae ,Convolvulaceae ,Taxonomy ,Bonamia - Abstract
20. Bonamia maripoides Hallier f. Panama, Venezuela, Suriname, Brazil (Pernambuco, Bahia). Selected Voucher:—Zambana, Albuquerque 493 (IPA, ULM)., Published as part of Araújo, Diogo & Alves, Marccus, 2010, Climbing plants of a fragmented area of lowland Atlantic Forest, Igarassu, Pernambuco (northeastern Brazil), pp. 1-24 in Phytotaxa 8 on page 17, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.8.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4893863 more...
- Published
- 2010
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112. Ultrastructural and ultracytochemical observations on Bonamia sp. in oysters (Tiostrea chilensis), with a consideration of organelle function
- Author
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P.M. Hine
- Subjects
biology ,Endoplasmic reticulum ,Aquatic Science ,Golgi apparatus ,biology.organism_classification ,Cell biology ,symbols.namesake ,Cytoplasm ,Tiostrea chilensis ,Botany ,Organelle ,Cytochemistry ,Ultrastructure ,symbols ,Bonamia - Abstract
Samples of oysters (Tiostrea chilensis) collected from February to August, when Bonamia is most abundant, were used in a morphological and ultracytothemical study on the inter-relationships of organelles in this pathogen. Early samples contained intermediate density forms (IDF), but plasmodial forms were present and increased from May onwards. In IDF Golgi was membrane-bound, close to, and in contact with, cup-like indentations of the nuclear surface containing material similar in appearance to nuclear material. In some IDF the Golgi/ nuclear material complex was detached in the cytoplasm. In plasmodia, the Golgi/nuclear material complexes were indistinguishable from Golgi/multi-vesicular body (MVB) complexes at which haplosporogenesis was evident. Loops of Golgi with dense material on the concave surfaces enclosed nuclear material to form haplosporosomes. Peripheral arrays of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, also thought to be Golgi, were associated with the formation of silky-textured ovoid granules, possibly acid phosphatase containing lysosomes. The formation of haplosporosomes from Golgi/nuclear material complexes, and evidence from other studies, indicate that haplosporosomes are composed of DNA, protein and/or glycoprotein. In composition and structure they are similar to viruses, and it is hypothesised they represent an early viral element in eukaryotic cells. more...
- Published
- 1992
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113. Interrelationships of cytoplasmic structures in Bonamia sp. (Haplosporidia) infecting oysters Tiostrea chilensis: an interpretation
- Author
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P. M. Hine and B. Wesney
- Subjects
Bonamia sp ,biology ,Tiostrea chilensis ,Ecology ,Protozoa ,Zoology ,Bonamia ,Aquatic Science ,biology.organism_classification ,Bivalvia ,Mollusca ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Cytoplasmic Structure - Published
- 1992
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114. Observation of a Bonamia sp. infecting the oyster Ostrea stentina in Tunisia, and a consideration of its phylogenetic affinities
- Author
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Refka El Gharsalli, Kristina M. Hill, Nancy A. Stokes, Delonna M. White, Ryan B. Carnegie, Eugene M. Burreson, and Nejla Aloui-Bejaoui
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Oyster ,Hemocytes ,Tunisia ,biology ,Ecology ,Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Haplosporida ,Zoology ,DNA, Protozoan ,biology.organism_classification ,Ostreidae ,Bonamia ostreae ,biology.animal ,Ostrea ,Mediterranean Sea ,Parasite hosting ,Animals ,Bonamia ,Ostrea edulis ,Ostrea stentina ,Clade ,Protozoan Infections, Animal ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,In Situ Hybridization ,Phylogeny - Abstract
The small non-commercial oyster Ostrea stentina co-occurs with commercially important Ostrea edulis in the Mediterranean Sea, yet its disposition with respect to the destructive pathogens Bonamia ostreae and Marteilia refringens is unknown. We began an evaluation of the Bonamia spp. infection status of O. stentina from Hammamet, Tunisia, in June 2007 using polymerase chain reaction diagnostics followed by histology and in situ hybridization. Of 85 O. stentina sampled, nine were PCR-positive for a Bonamia sp. using a Bonamia genus-specific assay; of these nine, one displayed the uninucleate microcells associated with oyster hemocytes characteristic of Bonamia spp. There was no associated pathology. DNA sequencing of the parasite from this one infected individual revealed it to be of a member of the Bonamia exitiosa/Bonamia roughleyi clade, an identification supported by positive in situ hybridization results with probes specific for members of this clade, and by the morphology of the parasite cells: nuclei were central, as in B. exitiosa, not eccentric, as in B. ostreae. There is no basis for identifying the Tunisian parasite as either B. exitiosa or B. roughleyi, however, as these species are genetically indistinguishable. Likewise, there is no basis for identifying any of the other Bonamia spp. with affinities to the B. exitiosa/B. roughleyi clade, from Argentina, Australia, Spain, and the eastern USA, as one or the other of these named species. Though they are clearly distinct from Bonamia perspora and B. ostreae, justification for drawing species boundaries among the primarily austral microcells with affinities to B. exitiosa and B. roughleyi remains elusive. more...
- Published
- 2009
115. Ultrastructure of Bonamia sp. in Ostrea chilensis in Chile
- Author
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K. B. Lohrmann, P. M. Hine, and M. Campalans
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Oyster ,biology ,Ecology ,Haplosporida ,Zoology ,Aquatic Science ,biology.organism_classification ,Bivalvia ,Ostreidae ,Species Specificity ,biology.animal ,Ostrea ,Ultrastructure ,Parasite hosting ,Animals ,Bonamia ,Chile ,Mollusca ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Shellfish ,New Zealand - Abstract
Oyster Ostrea chilensis samples were collected from Quihua Island, Chile, in December 2003 and February 2005, and examined in May 2004, and March, April and July 2005, for an ultra- structural comparison of the Chilean Bonamia sp. with other Bonamia spp. Only uni-nucleate stages were encountered, except in the July sample. The Chilean parasite differs from B. perspora in the apparent lack of a plasmodial stage and of sporulation. It resembles B. ostreae in size, the low num- ber of mitochondrial profiles, and the prevalence and mean number of lipid droplets. It differs from B. ostreae in the greater prevalence of nuclear membrane-bound Golgi (NM-BG), associated hap- losporogenesis, and smaller size of haplosporosomes. The Chilean Bonamia sp. resembles B. exitiosa in the number of haplosporosomes, prevalence of lipid droplets, anastomosing endoplasmic reticu- lum and NM-BG, presence of circles of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (sER), confronting cisternae (CC), and cylindrical CC (CCC). It also appears to have a similar developmental cycle to B. exitiosa with larger forms occurring in winter (August). The circles of sER, CC, and CCC have only been reported from B. exitiosa, and it appears that Chilean Bonamia sp. and B. exitiosa are more closely related than they are to B. perspora or B. ostreae. Similarities in ultrastructure and developmental stages between New Zealand and Chilean parasites suggest that the 2 species are related, and that the Chilean Bonamia sp. is either B. exitiosa, a sub-species of B. exitiosa, or a separate species closely related to B. exitiosa. more...
- Published
- 2009
116. Inter-relationships of haplosporidians deduced from ultrastructural studies
- Author
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Ryan B. Carnegie, P. M. Hine, Eugene M. Burreson, and Marc Y. Engelsma
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Paraphyly ,Haplosporida ,tiostrea-chilensis ,Zoology ,n. sp haplosporidia ,Aquatic Science ,Biology ,Host-Parasite Interactions ,spore ornamentation ,Phylogenetics ,bonamia sp ,Animals ,Parasite hosting ,Phylogeny ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Ecology ,Haplosporidium nelsoni ,fungi ,minchinia sp haplosporida ,fine-structure ,oyster ostrea-edulis ,biology.organism_classification ,Invertebrates ,Ultrastructure ,european flat oyster ,CVI - Divisie Bacteriologie en TSE's ,Bonamia ,Taxonomy (biology) ,north-western australia ,Cercozoa ,pinctada-maxima jameson - Abstract
We reviewed papers reporting haplosporidian ultrastructure to compare inter-relationships based on ultrastructure with those based on molecular data, to identify features that may be important in haplosporidian taxonomy, and to consider parasite taxonomy in relation to host taxonomy. There were links between the following: (1) the plasmodia of an abalone parasite, Haplosporidium nelsoni and Urosporidium crescens in the release of haplosporosomes; (2) H. costale and H. armoricanum in haplosporosome shape and presence and shape of Golgi in spores; (3) basal asporous crustacean haplosporidians which form haplosporosomes from formative bodies (FBs) in vegetative stages - H. nelsoni, which forms haplosporosomes from FBs in plasmodial cytoplasm, and H. louisiana, Minchinia spp. and Bonamia perspora, which form haplosporosomes from FBs in spores; (4) crustacean haplosporidians, Bonamia spp. and M. occulta in the predominance of uni- and binucleate stages; and (5) lipid-like vesicles in sporoplasms of H. costale, H. armoricanum, H. lusitanicum, H. pickfordi, H. montforti, and B. perspora. In general, these relationships reflect phylogenies based on molecular studies. As well as spore form and ornamentation, haplosporogenesis in spores appears to be taxonomically important. Parasite and host taxonomy were linked in the infection of lower invertebrates by Urosporidium spp., the infection of oysters by Bonamia spp., and of molluscs by Minchinia spp. Haplosporidium spp. are patently an artificial, paraphyletic group probably comprising many taxa. Consequently, the taxonomy of haplosporidians needs a thorough revision. more...
- Published
- 2009
117. The detection of Bonamia ostreae (Pichot et al. 1980) in frozen oysters (Ostrea edulis L. ) and the effect of the parasite on condition
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Sarah C. Culloty, M. F. Mulcahy, Thomas F. Cross, and Emer Rogan
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Veterinary medicine ,animal structures ,biology ,fungi ,food and beverages ,Aquatic Science ,equipment and supplies ,biology.organism_classification ,Bivalvia ,Fishery ,Bonamia ostreae ,bacteria ,Parasite hosting ,Bonamia ,Ostrea edulis ,Mollusca - Abstract
Two year classes of frozen flat oysters, Ostrea edulis L., from four different beds in Cork Harbour (southern Ireland) were analysed. Bonamia ostreae, a parasitic protozoan, was detected from frozen heart tissue. Freezing did not appear to affect the ability to diagnose the infection. The detection of Bonamia from oysters frozen in 1986 pre-dates by nine months the initial diagnosis of the disease from fresh oysters in Ireland. The effect of the endoparasite on condition was also examined. Overall, oysters with heavy Bonamia infections were in poorer condition than uninfected oysters. more...
- Published
- 1991
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118. Influence of Crassostrea gigas mixed with Ostrea edulis on the incidence of Bonamia disease
- Author
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Joseph Mazurie, Y. Le Coguic, Nathalie Cochennec, and C. le Bec
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Fishery ,biology ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Crassostrea ,Zoology ,Bonamia ,Aquatic Science ,Ostrea edulis ,Bivalvia ,biology.organism_classification ,Mollusca - Abstract
The effect of mixing Japanese oysters (Crassostrea gigas) with flat oysters (Ostrea edulis) in bags on the incidence of bonamiasis was tested with four proportions of C. gigas (0%, 25%, 50% and 75%) and two total densities (200 and 400 oysters per bag). At density 200, the survival rates of flat oysters, in 15 months, increased significantly from 20% without C. gigas to 35% with 75% C. gigas; with 400 oysters per bag, survivals were lower. This apparent effect of C. gigas might be the result of correlative variations in the number of O. edulis per bag. more...
- Published
- 1991
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119. The annual pattern of infection by Bonamia sp. in New Zealand flat oysters, Tiostrea chilensis
- Author
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P.M. Hine
- Subjects
Gill ,endocrine system ,Oyster ,Gonad ,biology ,urogenital system ,Ecology ,Zoology ,Aquatic Science ,biology.organism_classification ,Bivalvia ,Bonamia ostreae ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Tiostrea chilensis ,biology.animal ,medicine ,Bonamia ,Mollusca - Abstract
Detailed examination was carried out on 1745 oysters (Tiostrea chilensis syn. T. lutaria) sampled from two pairs of stations, 15 km apart, in Foveaux Strait between September 1986 and May 1989. Occurrence, intensity of infection and parasite stages were recorded in the gills/mantle, kidney, subepithelium, gonad, Leydig tissue and digestive system of each oyster, to determine the annual pattern of infection. A consistent pattern was apparent at both station pairs over the 3 years. Infections were lowest in spring (October/November) when basophilic dense forms occurred primarily in haemocytes around the gut. Rapid proliferation occurred in early summer (December/January) when infected haemocytes entered the gonad to phagocytose, mainly male, reproductive products. Gonad infections with larger dense forms persisted through the mainly female cycle, with heavy gonad infections and highest prevalence of infection in autumn (April). In early winter (May/June) infection rates declined, but a second peak in prevalence occurred in winter (August) with a subsequent decline to low prevalence and light infections in spring. Egress from the host was effected primarily through the gonad (December–August), kidney (April–August), digestive diverticulae and gill (January–August), and presumably on the death of the host. Parasite tissue distribution was related to crowding except in the male gonad where it coincided with haemocyte phagocytosis of gonad products. more...
- Published
- 1991
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120. The current status of Bonamia disease in Ireland
- Author
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John F. McArdle, Helen Foley, David Hugh Jones, and Frank McKiernan
- Subjects
Bonamia ostreae ,biology ,Ecology ,Ostrea ,Zoology ,Bonamia ,Disease ,Aquatic Science ,biology.organism_classification - Abstract
Bonamia disease was first detected in Ireland in 1987 in Cork Harbour where heavy mortalities occurred. Subsequent to the initial diagnosis the disease was diagnosed in two other locations in the west of Ireland. In one case this was again associated with serious mortalities whereas in the other no abnormalities were observed. The paper describes the investigations carried out on the disease in Ireland and discusses their significance. more...
- Published
- 1991
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121. Bonamia status and its effects in cultured flat oysters in the Ria de Vigo, Galicia (N.W. Spain)
- Author
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Antonio Figueras
- Subjects
Fishery ,Oyster ,animal structures ,biology ,biology.animal ,Bonamia ,Aquatic Science ,biology.organism_classification - Abstract
9 páginas, 6 figuras, 2 tablas, Hatchery-reared spat obtained from native oyster stocks was cultured. The spat was placed in baskets on rafts at 12 months of age. Bimonthly samples were taken and the presence of Bonamia, other pathological conditions and mortality were estimated. more...
- Published
- 1991
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122. Observations on bonamiasis in the stock of the European flat oyster, Ostrea edulis, in the Netherlands, with special reference to the recent developments in Lake Grevelingen
- Author
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P. Van Banning
- Subjects
Oyster ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,biology ,food and beverages ,Estuary ,Aquatic Science ,Bivalvia ,biology.organism_classification ,Fishery ,Bonamia ostreae ,Stocking ,biology.animal ,Bonamia ,Ostrea edulis ,Mollusca - Abstract
The stock of the oyster Ostrea edulis in the Netherlands is located in an estuary on two sites, Yerseke Bank and Grevelingen. The Yerseke Bank became infected with the protozoan oyster pathogen Bonamia ostreae in 1980, as a result of importations of infected oysters from France. Due to bonamiasis, the oyster production of the Yerseke Bank suffered increasing losses and finally ceased because of lack of commercial possibilities. The oyster stock of the Grevelingen has been checked since 1980 and was found to be free of bonamiasis until 1988. In the summer of that year the first presence of bonamiasis was observed. A rapid spread, with increasing prevalences, followed, both in wild stock and in commercial stocks. In 1989 maximum prevalence levels of 48% and maximum prevalences of dead oysters up to 80% were reached. The bonamiasis situation is considered serious for Dutch Ostrea edulis production in the coming years. A 5-year research programme has been started to monitor the spread of bonamiasis in the wild stock of the Grevelingen and to select the best management strategy for commercial production of O. edulis despite bonamiasis. From the first results it was concluded that bonamiasis was introduced into the Grevelingen by transport of infectious material, probably by ships. Further, it was concluded that the level of prevalence and development of bonamiasis is related in some way to (fishery) stress factors of the oysters and to environmental factors, but stocking density does not appear to affect the prevalence of bonamiasis. more...
- Published
- 1991
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
123. Ultrastructural observations on the annual Infection pattern of Bonamia sp. in flat oysters Tiostrea chilensis
- Author
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P. M. Hine
- Subjects
biology ,Ecology ,Tiostrea chilensis ,Ultrastructure ,Parasite hosting ,Protozoa ,Bonamia ,Aquatic Science ,Bivalvia ,biology.organism_classification ,Mollusca ,Population density ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Published
- 1991
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
124. Effects of Salinity on Bonamia sp. Survival in the Asian Oyster Crassostrea ariakensis
- Author
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Charles H. Peterson, Nancy A. Stokes, Ryan B. Carnegie, Melanie J. Bishop, Corinne Audemard, and Eugene M. Burreson
- Subjects
Bonamia sp ,Oyster ,biology ,Ecology ,fungi ,food and beverages ,Zoology ,Aquatic Science ,biology.organism_classification ,Marine Biology & Hydrobiology ,Salinity ,biology.animal ,Crassostrea ariakensis ,Parasite hosting ,Bonamia - Abstract
A novel Bonamia sp. discovered in Bogue Sound, NC, has recently emerged as a parasitic threat to the Asian oyster Crassostrea ariakensis. Because this oyster is being considered for introduction to the mid-Atlantic region, more data are needed to better evaluate the risks associated with this parasite. Field observations collected from North Carolina and information on other Bonamia spp. suggest an affinity for higher salinities, and direct transmissibility; in the absence of explicit experimental tests, however, this is largely hypothetical. Consequently, we used laboratory trials to test the direct transmissibility and the persistence of Bonamia sp. in infected triploid C. ariakensis transferred to and maintained at three salinities, 10, 20, and 30 psu for at least 15 wk. Under these experimental conditions, there was no evidence of direct Bonamia sp. transmission. Average parasite intensity in infected oysters transferred to and maintained at 10 and 20 psu decreased compared with oysters placed at 30 psu. At the same time, host mortality was significantly reduced at salinities below 30 psu. These experimental results suggest that the survival of Bonamia sp. in C. ariakensis may be limited in mesohaline areas. The persistence, pathogenicity, and transmission of Bonamia sp. under polyhaline conditions will need to be further evaluated to better describe the geographic areas at risk in the event of C. ariakensis introduction. more...
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
125. Interacting effects of temperature and salinity on Bonamia sp. parasitism in the Asian oyster Crassostrea ariakensis
- Author
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Corinne Audemard, Melanie J. Bishop, Ryan B. Carnegie, Charles H. Peterson, and Eugene M. Burreson
- Subjects
Oyster ,Salinity ,Haplosporida ,Parasitic Diseases, Animal ,Temperature salinity diagrams ,Zoology ,Aquaculture ,Sodium Chloride ,Host-Parasite Interactions ,Heating ,biology.animal ,Animals ,Crassostrea ,Mortality ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Overwintering ,Ecosystem ,biology ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,Ecology ,Bivalvia ,biology.organism_classification ,Ostreidae ,Crassostrea ariakensis ,Bonamia - Abstract
The proposition to introduce the Asian oyster Crassostrea ariakensis to the mid-Atlantic region of the USA is being considered with caution, particularly after the discovery of a novel microcell haplosporidian parasite, Bonamia sp., in North Carolina. Although this parasite was found to be pathogenic in C. ariakensis under warm euhaline conditions, its persistence in C. ariakensis exposed to various temperature and salinity combinations remained unresolved. In this laboratory experiment, we tested the influence of temperature in combination with a wide range of salinities (10, 20 and 30 psu) on Bonamia sp. Temperature was either changed from warm (20 degrees C) to cold (6 degrees C for 6 weeks) and back to warm or maintained constant and warm. Warm temperature was associated with higher host mortality than cold temperature, suggesting that temperature influenced Bonamia sp. pathogenicity. The effect of salinity was revealed under warm temperature with highest mortality levels observed in infected C. ariakensis exposed to 30 psu. When temperature was increased following low-temperature exposure, Bonamia sp. was not detected; however sub-optimal experimental conditions may have contributed to this result, making it difficult to draw conclusions regarding the reemergence of the parasite after low-temperature exposure. Although the overwintering of Bonamia sp. in C. ariakensis will need to be further investigated, the results presented here suggest that Bonamia sp. may be able to persist in C. ariakensis under a combination of low temperature and meso- to euhaline salinities. more...
- Published
- 2007
126. Strong seasonality of Bonamia sp. infection and induced Crassostrea ariakensis mortality in Bogue and Masonboro Sounds, North Carolina, USA
- Author
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Ryan B. Carnegie, Melanie J. Bishop, Ami E. Wilbur, Nancy A. Stokes, Charles H. Peterson, Corinne Audemard, Martin H. Posey, Eugene M. Burreson, and Troy D. Alphin
- Subjects
Oyster ,Haplosporida ,Parasitic Diseases, Animal ,Aquaculture ,Host-Parasite Interactions ,biology.animal ,medicine ,North Carolina ,Prevalence ,Animals ,Crassostrea ,Atlantic Ocean ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Sound (geography) ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,biology ,business.industry ,Temperature ,Seasonality ,Bivalvia ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Fishery ,Survival Rate ,Crassostrea ariakensis ,Bonamia ,Seasons ,business - Abstract
Asian oyster Crassostrea ariakensis is being considered for introduction to Atlantic coastal waters of the USA. Successful aquaculture of this species will depend partly on mitigating impacts by Bonamia sp., a parasite that has caused high C. ariakensis mortality south of Virginia. To better understand the biology of this parasite and identify strategies for management, we evaluated its seasonal pattern of infection in C. ariakensis at two North Carolina, USA, locations in 2005. Small ( more...
- Published
- 2007
127. Characterization of a rediscovered haplosporidian parasite from cultured Penaeus vannamei
- Author
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Kimberly S. Reece, Donald V. Lightner, Linda M. Nunan, Nancy A. Stokes, and Carlos R. Pantoja
- Subjects
biology ,Base Sequence ,Ecology ,Hybridization probe ,Haplosporida ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Zoology ,Hepatopancreas ,Genes, rRNA ,Aquatic Science ,Ribosomal RNA ,biology.organism_classification ,Shrimp ,Penaeidae ,Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ,Molecular phylogenetics ,Protozoa ,Parasite hosting ,Animals ,Bonamia ,Penaeus ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,In Situ Hybridization ,Phylogeny - Abstract
Mortalities of Penaeus vannamei, cultured in ponds in Belize, Central America, began during the last part of the grow-out cycle during the cold weather months from September 2004 through February 2005. Tissue squashes of infected hepatopancreata and histological examination of infected shrimp revealed that the mortalities might have been caused by an endoparasite. To confirm the diagnosis, DNA was extracted from ethanol preserved hepatopancreata and the small-subunit rRNA gene was sequenced. The 1838 bp sequence was novel and phylogenetic analysis placed the P. vannamei parasite within the phylum Haplosporidia as a sister taxon to a clade that includes Bonamia and Minchinia species. In situ hybridization was performed using anti-sense DNA probes that were designed to hybridize specifically with the parasite's nucleic acid. This organism presents similar characteristics to those of a haplosporidian that infected cultured P. vannamei imported from Nicaragua into Cuba, as described by Dykova et al. (1988; Fish Dis 11:15-22). more...
- Published
- 2007
128. Spore ornamentation of Haplosporidium nelsoni and Haplosporidium costale (Haplosporidia), and incongruence of molecular phylogeny and spore ornamentation in the Haplosporidia
- Author
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Kimberly S. Reece and Eugene M. Burreson
- Subjects
Paraphyly ,biology ,Haplosporidium nelsoni ,Haplosporida ,fungi ,Spores, Protozoan ,Zoology ,Anatomy ,biology.organism_classification ,Ostreidae ,Spore ,Monophyly ,Phylogenetics ,RNA, Ribosomal ,Molecular phylogenetics ,Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ,Animals ,Parasitology ,Bonamia ,Sequence Alignment ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Phylogeny ,RNA, Protozoan - Abstract
Spore ornamentation of Haplosporidium nelsoni and Haplosporidium costale was determined by scanning electron microscopy. For H. nelsoni, the spore surface was covered with individual ribbons that were tightly bound together and occurred as a single sheet. In some spores, this layer was overlaid with a network of branching fibers, about 0.05 microm in diameter, which often was dislodged from the spore at the aboral pole. For H. costale, ornamentation consisted of a sparse network of branching fibers on the spore surface. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of the phylum Haplosporidia revealed that Urosporidium, Bonamia, and Minchinia were monophyletic but that Haplosporidium was paraphyletic. All species of Minchinia have ornamentation composed of epispore cytoplasm, supporting the monophyly of this genus. The presence of spores with a hinged operculum and spore wall-derived ornamentation in Bonamia perspora confounds the distinction between Bonamia and Haplosporidium. Species with ornamentation composed of outer spore wall material and attached to the spore wall do not form a monophyletic group in the molecular phylogenetic analysis. These results suggest that the widely accepted practice of assigning all species with spore wall-derived ornamentation to Haplospordium cannot be supported and that additional genera are needed in which to place some species presently assigned to Haplosporidium. more...
- Published
- 2007
129. Ultrastructure of sporulation in Haplosporidium armoricanum
- Author
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P. M. Hine, Marc Y. Engelsma, and St. J. Wakefield
- Subjects
Haplosporida ,Spores, Protozoan ,saccostrea-cuccullata ,electron-microscope ,Aquatic Science ,Matrix (biology) ,taxonomic implications ,flat oyster ,molecular characterization ,symbols.namesake ,Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ,Sporogenesis ,Ostrea ,Animals ,lusitanicum haplosporida ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,biology ,Operculum (botany) ,sp-n haplosporida ,fungi ,Anatomy ,fine-structure ,oyster ostrea-edulis ,Golgi apparatus ,biology.organism_classification ,Spore ,Cell biology ,Cytoplasm ,symbols ,Ultrastructure ,CVI - Divisie Bacteriologie en TSE's ,Bonamia ,north-western australia - Abstract
An ultrastructural study was carried out on the tissues of an oyster (Ostrea edulis), heavily infected with Haplosporidium armoricanum (van Banning, 1977), that had been fixed in Carson's fixative. The well-fixed tissues revealed details of sporulation and of the spores, which had not been previously reported from H. armoricanum. These include the initial presence of sparse haplosporosomes after thickening of the plasma membrane in early sporonts, division of sporont nuclei by multiple fission, cup-like indentations in the nuclear surface associated with putative nuclear material in both the sporonts and spores, and cytoplasmic multi-vesicular bodies in the cytoplasm of sporonts and spores. The spore wall and operculum were formed from a light matrix that occurred in short cisternae of smooth en- doplasmic reticulum in the episporoplasm, and parallel bundles of microfibrils were present in some spores. Spores were rarely bi-nucleate with the nuclei occurring as a diplokaryon, with putative nuclear material at the junction of the 2 nuclei. Nuclear membrane-bound Golgi (NM-BG) cisternae were com- mon in spores, and they appeared to synthesise a light granular material into lysosome-like granules. Dense bodies similar to those reported from H. lusitanicum, H. pickfordi and H. monforti occurred in, or outside, the peripheral endosporoplasm, which was closely apposed to the spore wall. Spore haplosporo- somes were frequently axehead-shaped, more like those of H. costale than those previously reported from H. armoricanum, and in some haplosporosomes there was a small round lucent patch with a dark point near the centre of the lucent patch. Overall, H. armoricanum appears to be closely related to H. costale and Bonamia spp. Although the endosporoplasm of H. armoricanum has NM-BG and it resembles the uni-nucleate stage, it appears to be unlikely that they are the same, as the axehead-shaped haplosporo- somes of the spore differ considerably from the spherical haplosporosomes of vegetative stages. more...
- Published
- 2007
130. Complications of a non-native oyster introduction: Facilitation of a local parasite
- Author
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Charles H. Peterson, Melanie J. Bishop, Eugene M. Burreson, Nancy A. Stokes, and Ryan B. Carnegie
- Subjects
Oyster ,Ecology ,biology ,Aquatic animal ,Introduced species ,Aquatic Science ,Bivalvia ,biology.organism_classification ,Marine Biology & Hydrobiology ,Ostreidae ,Fishery ,biology.animal ,Enzootic ,Bonamia ,Mollusca ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Among the risks of introducing non-native species to novel environments is the possibility that the non-native might serve as a reservoir for enzootic pathogens formerly at low abundance. The recent identification of Bonamia sp. in previously uninfected non-native Suminoe oysters deployed to Bogue Sound, Morehead City, North Carolina, USA, raises serious concerns about the oyster's ability to act as a reservoir for the parasite, not formerly known along the east coast of the USA. To assess the current distribution of the Bonamia sp. parasite and its environmental tolerances, non-reproductive triploid Suminoe oysters, certified as uninfected, were deployed at 5 high salinity sites across North Carolina, chosen because of their similarity to the Bogue Sound site, and along a salinity gradient radiating from Morehead City Port, at which the parasite is known to occur. Screening of 2 oyster cohorts failed to detect the Bonamia sp. parasite beyond the immediate vicinity of Morehead City port. At the port, infection was almost entirely confined to small ( more...
- Published
- 2006
131. Development of a TaqMan PCR assay for the detection of Bonamia species
- Author
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Bruno Chollet, Mark St. J. Crane, Isabelle Arzul, Serge Corbeil, Mike Heasman, Ben K. Diggles, and Franck Berthe
- Subjects
Oyster ,Haplosporida ,Oyster farming ,Aquatic Science ,Ostrea angasi ,Parasite load ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Microbiology ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,law ,biology.animal ,Ostrea ,TaqMan ,RNA, Ribosomal, 18S ,Animals ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Polymerase chain reaction ,030304 developmental biology ,DNA Primers ,0303 health sciences ,biology ,Reproducibility of Results ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,DNA, Protozoan ,biology.organism_classification ,Virology ,Bonamia spp ,Ostreidae ,Real time TaqMan PCR assay ,040102 fisheries ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Bonamia - Abstract
The development of molecular diagnostic assays with increased sensitivity compared with conventional histological techniques is highly desirable for effective management of bonamiosis in cultured oyster stocks and wild populations. A real-time TaqMan PCR assay was developed for the specific detection of Bonamia species in infected oyster tissues. The TaqMan assay was shown to be significantly more sensitive than histopathology. Although a real-time TaqMan PCR assay is comparable with conventional PCR in terms of sensitivity, it offers the advantages that it is a rapid test and has a very low risk of sample cross-contamination. Furthermore, it can be optimised to quantify the parasite load in samples. The assay detected Bonamia isolates from Australia, New Zealand, Europe, Canada, Chile and the USA and therefore demonstrated genus specificity as tested in this study. more...
- Published
- 2006
132. Bonamia perspora n. sp. (Haplosporidia), a parasite of the oyster Ostreola equestris, is the first Bonamia species known to produce spores
- Author
-
Charles H. Peterson, Nancy A. Stokes, Eugene M. Burreson, P. Mike Hine, Ryan B. Carnegie, Melanie J. Bishop, and Corinne Audemard
- Subjects
Oyster ,Ecology ,Haplosporida ,fungi ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Spores, Protozoan ,Zoology ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Microbiology ,DNA, Ribosomal ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Spore ,Bonamia ostreae ,biology.animal ,Crassostrea ariakensis ,Ostrea ,Ultrastructure ,North Carolina ,Parasite hosting ,Animals ,Bonamia ,Ribosomal DNA ,In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ,Phylogeny - Abstract
Examination of the oyster Ostreola equestris as a potential reservoir host for a species of Bonamia discovered in Crassostrea ariakensis in North Carolina (NC), USA, revealed a second novel Bonamia sp. Histopathology, electron microscopy, and molecular phylogenetic analysis support the designation of a new parasite species, Bonamia perspora n. sp., which is the first Bonamia species shown to produce a typical haplosporidian spore with an orifice and hinged operculum. Spores were confirmed to be from B. perspora by fluorescent in situ hybridization. Bonamia perspora was found at Morehead City and Wilmington, NC, with an overall prevalence of 1.4% (31/2,144). Uninucleate, plasmodial, and sporogonic stages occurred almost exclusively in connective tissues; uninucleate stages (2-6 microm) were rarely observed in hemocytes. Spores were 4.3-6.4 microm in length. Ultrastructurally, uninucleate, diplokaryotic, and plasmodial stages resembled those of other spore-forming haplosporidians, but few haplosporosomes were present, and plasmodia were small. Spore ornamentation consisted of spore wall-derived, thin, flat ribbons that emerged haphazardly around the spore, and which terminated in what appeared to be four-pronged caps. Number of ribbons per spore ranged from 15 to 30, and their length ranged from 1.0 to 3.4 microm. Parsimony analysis identified B. perspora as a sister species to Bonamia ostreae. more...
- Published
- 2006
133. Microcell parasites of oysters: Recent insights and future trends
- Author
-
Ryan B. Carnegie and Nathalie Cochennec-Laureau
- Subjects
0303 health sciences ,Oyster ,Mikrocytos ,biology ,Phylogenetic tree ,Zoology ,Protist ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Aquatic Science ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease_cause ,Bonamia ,03 medical and health sciences ,Bonamia ostreae ,Phylogenetics ,biology.animal ,040102 fisheries ,medicine ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,14. Life underwater ,Ostrea edulis ,Clade ,Microcell ,030304 developmental biology - Abstract
Our understanding of the microcell oyster parasites of the genera Bonamia and Mikrocytos has expanded in recent years with the application of ultrastructural and especially molecular biological research approaches. Molec- ular phylogenetic analyses of SSU rRNA genes have united three species, Bonamia ostreae, Bonamia exitiosa ,a nd Mikrocytos (now Bonamia) roughleyi, in a microcell clade within the Haplosporidia, supporting both early and recent ultrastructural observations. Ultrastructural and molecular phylogenetic evidence has emerged that Mikrocytos mackini, on the other hand, is a unique protist with unusual adaptations for a parasitic existence. DNA probes and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays promise new insights into the life cycles, transmission, and diversity of these organisms. The development of Ostrea edulis lines selected for B. ostreae resistance will increase the viability of aquaculture in- dustries for this species and, combined with rapidly developing biotechnological approaches for studying host defenses and host-parasite interactions, will allow greater insight into the nature of phenomena such as resistance and tolerance to disease in oysters. more...
- Published
- 2004
134. Comparison of diagnosis techniques for the protozoan parasite Bonamia ostreae in flat oyster Ostrea edulis
- Author
-
Balseiro, P., Fernández Conchas, Ramón, Montes, Jaime, Gómez-León, Javier, Novoa, Beatriz, Figueras Huerta, Antonio, Balseiro, P., Fernández Conchas, Ramón, Montes, Jaime, Gómez-León, Javier, Novoa, Beatriz, and Figueras Huerta, Antonio more...
- Abstract
In recent years, the cultured production of the flat oyster Ostrea edulis has suffered a dramatic decrease in Europe partially attributed to the protozoan parasite Bonamia ostreae, the causative agent of the Bonamiosis. In this paper the results of a PCR assay for the diagnosis of B. ostreae were compared with those obtained using two classical methods of diagnosis recommended by the OIE (Office International des Epizooties) and the European Union, histology and cytology. The same samples were analyzed by two different laboratories, showing that the results obtained with the PCR method have high sensitivity and good correlation between laboratories. This method is cheaper and faster than histopathology and cytology, with no need of specifically trained personnel to perform the diagnoses. It is appropriate for fast screening of stocks of great numbers of oysters. more...
- Published
- 2006
135. Range Extension of Bonamia evolvuloides (Choisy) Raiz. in Tamil Nadu
- Author
-
R. Kottaimuthu R. Kottaimuthu and N. Vasudevan N. Vasudevan
- Subjects
Fishery ,Geography ,Traditional medicine ,biology ,Range (biology) ,Tamil ,language ,Bonamia ,biology.organism_classification ,Nomenclature ,language.human_language - Abstract
Bonamia evolvuloides (Choisy) Raiz. (Convolvulaceae), an overlooked endemic hitherto known to occur only in the coastal areas of Gulf of Mannar has been newly collected from the scrub forests of Sivagangai district, Tamil Nadu. Detailed nomenclature, description and relevant notes are also provided for better understanding and identification of this little known species. more...
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
136. Range extension of Bonamia ostreae to Maine, U.S.A
- Author
-
Carolyn S. Friedman and Frank O. Perkins
- Subjects
Fishery ,Oyster ,Bonamia ostreae ,biology ,Range (biology) ,biology.animal ,Bonamia ,Ostrea edulis ,Bivalvia ,biology.organism_classification ,Bay ,Mollusca ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Flat oysters, Ostrea edulis L., were collected from the Damariscotta River, Maine, in September of 1991 and 1992 and from Tomales Bay, California, in October of 1991 and 1992. Histological examination revealed infections with Bonamia ostreae in 34 and 45% of the flat oysters from Maine and in 31 and 12% of those from California. The history of oyster movements between geographic locations suggested that the source of bonaniasis in flat oysters in Maine was infected flat oysters from California. more...
- Published
- 1994
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
137. Presenza di Bonamia ostreae in ostriche piatte (Ostrea edulis) del Nord Adriatico
- Author
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Tiscar, P. G., Quaglio, Francesco, DELLA SALDA, L., Ceschia, G., Delgado, M. L., and Restani, R.
- Subjects
Bonamia ,ostreae ,Ostrea edulis ,Adriatic sea - Published
- 2002
138. Bonamia exitiosus n. sp (Haplosporidia) infecting flat oysters Ostrea chilensis in New Zealand
- Author
-
Nathalie Cochennec-Laureau, Franck Berthe, and P. M. Hine
- Subjects
Molecular Sequence Data ,Zoology ,Aquatic Science ,DNA, Ribosomal ,18S ribosomal RNA ,Host-Parasite Interactions ,Ostrea chilensis ,03 medical and health sciences ,Bonamia ostreae ,Animals ,Parasite hosting ,Bonamia exitiosus ,Ribosomal DNA ,Phylogeny ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,Polymorphism, Genetic ,Base Sequence ,biology ,18S rDNA ,Ecology ,Eukaryota ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Ribosomal RNA ,biology.organism_classification ,Bivalvia ,Ostreidae ,Ultrastructure ,040102 fisheries ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Protozoa ,Bonamia ,Sequence Alignment ,Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ,New Zealand - Abstract
Bonamia sp. is a pathogenic parasite that occurs in the haemocytes of dredge oysters Ostrea chilensis Philippi in New Zealand. Ultrastructurally it resembles other haplosporidians in the possession of haplosporosomes, haplosporogenesis, persistence of mitotic microtubules during interphase and of the nuclear envelope during mitosis, and occurrence of a diplokaryotic or multi-nucleate plasmodial stage. Another stage containing a large vacuole derived from enlargement of 1 or more mitochondria has not previously been described from other haplosporidians. It most closely resembles B. ostreae Pichot et al., 1979, which parasitises and is pathogenic in haemocytes of European flat oysters, O. edulis. However, B. ostreae is smaller and denser, and has fewer lipoid bodies and haplosporosomes. We have nearly completely sequenced the small ribosomal gene of the organism from O. chilensis. Initial comparisons of these sequences with those of other protozoans showed similarities to B. ostreae. Polymorphism within Bonamia sp. was confirmed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. On the basis of ultrastructural and molecular considerations it is proposed that this organism be named Bonamia exitiosus sp. nov. more...
- Published
- 2001
139. Microcell parasites of oysters: Recent insights and future trends
- Author
-
Carnegie, Ryan, Cochennec, Nathalie, Carnegie, Ryan, and Cochennec, Nathalie
- Abstract
Our understanding of the microcell oyster parasites of the genera Bonamia and Mikrocytos has expanded in recent years with the application of ultrastructural and especially molecular biological research approaches. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of SSU rRNA genes have united three species, Bonamia ostreae, Bonamia exitiosa, and Mikrocytos (now Bonamia) roughleyi, in a microcell clade within the Haplosporidia, supporting both early and recent ultrastructural observations. Ultrastructural and molecular phylogenetic evidence has emerged that Mikrocytos mackini, on the other hand, is a unique protist with unusual adaptations for a parasitic existence. DNA probes and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays promise new insights into the life cycles, transmission, and diversity of these organisms. The development of Ostrea edulis lines selected for B. ostreae resistance will increase the viability of aquaculture industries for this species and, combined with rapidly developing biotechnological approaches for studying host defenses and host-parasite interactions, will allow greater insight into the nature of phenomena such as resistance and tolerance to disease in oysters. more...
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
140. Detection of Bonamia ostreae based on small subunit ribosomal probe
- Author
-
F. Le Roux, Nathalie Cochennec, Franck Berthe, and Andre Gerard
- Subjects
Oyster ,biology ,Base Sequence ,Hybridization probe ,Haplosporidium nelsoni ,fungi ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,biology.organism_classification ,Virology ,Molecular biology ,DNA, Ribosomal ,Ostreidae ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Bonamia ostreae ,biology.animal ,Crassostrea ,Animals ,Bonamia ,Parasites ,Ostrea edulis ,DNA Probes ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,In Situ Hybridization - Abstract
Bonamia ostreae is a protozoan parasite of the flat oyster, Ostrea edulis, which has caused significant loss of oysters in Europe over the last decade. B. ostreae was purified from infected flat oysters and DNA was extracted. The nearly complete small subunit rDNA gene of B. ostreae was amplified using universal oligonucleotides and the PCR product was cloned and sequenced. BLAST research with this sequence revealed similarities to Haplosporidium nelsoni, Haplosporidium costale, and Minchinia teredinis. These data suggest that B. ostreae may be included in the genus Haplosporidium. Specific B. ostreae primers were designed for labeling, by PCR, a probe. This probe was successfully used by in situ hybridization to detect B. ostreae in infected flat oysters, thus confirming the accuracy of this SSU rDNA sequence. The probe lead also to the detection of Bonamia sp. in infected Tiostrea chilensis and H. nelsoni in infected Crassostrea virginica but not Mikrocytos mackini infected Crassostrea gigas. These primers were also used to detect B. ostreae from infected oyster tissues by PCR. This B. ostreae SSU rDNA gene sequence provides genetic information as a first step toward elucidation of the taxonomic boundaries among the microcell organisms. Moreover, the development of DNA detection assays will be valuable specific diagnostic tools. more...
- Published
- 2000
141. A preliminary genetic linkage map for the European flat oyster Ostrea edulis
- Author
-
Delphine Lallias, Andrew R. Beaumont, Chris Haley, Sylvie Lapegue, Serge Heurtebise, and Pierre Boudry
- Subjects
Oyster ,biology ,Breeding program ,Ecology ,business.industry ,Genetic linkage map ,Context (language use) ,Aquatic Science ,biology.organism_classification ,Fishery ,Bonamia ostreae ,Aquaculture ,biology.animal ,Bonamia ,Ostrea edulis ,business - Abstract
The flat oyster Ostrea edulis is the species endemic to European coasts, both Atlantic and Mediterranean. It has been exploited since Roman times, but its aquaculture production decreased from around 20000 tons in the 1950's to 1500 tons today because of two successive diseases due to the intracellular parasites Marteilia refringens and Bonamia ostreae. Since 1985, Ifremer has been undertaking a breeding program to produce families of oysters tolerant to Bonamia. In this context, a further step would be to identify QTLs for resistance to this parasite. Therefore, as a first step a genetic map is now being built. The establishment of a genetic linkage map will provide a foundation for the mapping of QTLs, with the ultimate objective to implement marker-assisted selection in O. edulis. more...
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
142. Assessment of Qx and Winter Mortality Disease Resistance of Mass Selected Sydney Rock Oysters, Saccostrea glomerata (Gould, 1850), in the Hawkesbury River and Merimbula Lake, NSW Australia
- Author
-
Michael Dove, John A. Nell, Wayne A. O'Connor, and Stephen Mcorrie
- Subjects
Sydney rock oyster ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,biology ,Breeding program ,Ecology ,Estuary ,Aquatic Science ,Plant disease resistance ,biology.organism_classification ,Marteilia sydneyi ,Selective breeding ,Fishery ,Bonamia - Abstract
The Sydney rock oyster, Saccostrea glomerata, mass selection breeding program was established in 1990 in the Georges River, New South Wales, and has successfully developed lines of oysters resistant to QX disease (Marteilia sydneyi) and winter mortality disease (WM; Bonamia roughleyi). Each new generation is assessed in the Georges River, but the performance of these oysters in other estuaries affected by these diseases is unknown. To investigate the potential for genotype and environment interactions, and to assure farmers, survival and growth of progeny of the fourth-generation breeding lines developed in Georges River were assessed in two other key farming areas; the Hawkesbury River and Merimbula Lake, NSW, Australia. Hawkesbury River is affected by QX and was used to assess the QX-resistant oysters (QXr). Merimbula Lake is affected by WM, and this estuary was used to assess the WM-resistant oysters (WMr) and the dual WM and QX resistant line (WM + QXr). Oysters that are QXr in the Hawkesbury... more...
- Published
- 2013
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143. Dinucleotide microsatellites isolated from the European flat oyster, Ostrea edulis.
- Author
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Sobolewska, H., Beaumont, A. R., and Hamilton, A.
- Abstract
Approximately 5000 clones from a partial genomic library of Ostrea edulis DNA were screened with (CA)
15 and (GA)15 probes. Fifty-six positive clones were sequenced, with 24 containing a microsatellite sequence. Primers were designed for 14 loci, and the five most reliably amplifying were developed further. Four of these showed high levels of variability and only one locus (HA21) showed a significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg expectations, with an excess of homozygotes. These microsatellite DNA markers will be powerful tools for the study of wild and hatchery stocks of this commercially important species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2001
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144. Southern hemisphere mollusc diseases and an overview of associated risk assessment problems
- Author
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Hine Pm
- Subjects
biology ,Abalone ,Transmission (medicine) ,Haplosporidium nelsoni ,Australia ,Marteilia ,Zoology ,Eukaryota ,General Medicine ,Ostrea angasi ,biology.organism_classification ,Ostreidae ,Host-Parasite Interactions ,Iridoviridae ,Tiostrea chilensis ,Environmental protection ,Mollusca ,Animals ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Bonamia ,Southern Hemisphere ,New Zealand - Abstract
In Australia and New Zealand, Bonamia sp. causes epizootics in flat oysters (Tiostrea chilensis, Ostrea angasi); Marteilia sydneyi and Mikrocytos roughleyi cause mortality in farmed rock oysters (Saccostrea commercialis); and Perkinsus olseni is pathogenic in abalone (Haliotis spp.). Marteilia lengehi, Marteilioides branchialis, other Marteilioides spp. and two species of Haplosporidium are regarded as potential pathogens. A review of the pathogens causing diseases listed in the Office International des Epizooties 'notifiable diseases' of molluscs shows major gaps in the information available. The life cycles and transmission of Haplosporidium nelsoni and Marteilia refringens are unknown, Bonamia spp. and Mikrocytos spp. cannot be diagnosed with certainty, monoclonal antibodies and molecular probes are not generally available, and little is known of survival parameters or treatment of the pathogens. The author concludes that stringent guidelines and protocols are needed to minimise the high risks involved in translocation of molluscs. more...
- Published
- 1996
145. Presence of Bonamia and its relation to age, growth rates and gonadal development of the flat oyster, Ostrea edulis, in the Ría de Vigo, Galicia (NW Spain)
- Author
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Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), Xunta de Galicia, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (México), Cáceres-Martínez, J., Robledo, José A. F., Figueras Huerta, Antonio, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), Xunta de Galicia, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (México), Cáceres-Martínez, J., Robledo, José A. F., and Figueras Huerta, Antonio more...
- Abstract
Oyster spat coming from the same spawn were divided into three length groups and cultured on an oyster raft for 9 months in order to determine the relation of Bonamia presence to age, growth rates, gonadal development and mortality. The results suggest that the presence of Bonamia is better related to the size than to the age of the oyster. The parasite was first detected in the fast growing group than in the slow growing one. Statistical analysis showed that Bonamia infection level and gonadal development stage were independent. more...
- Published
- 1995
146. A New Bonamia (Convolvulaceae) from Nicaragua
- Author
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Daniel F. Austin
- Subjects
Bract ,biology ,Raceme ,Genus ,Botany ,Holotype ,Ovary (botany) ,Bonamia ,Plant Science ,biology.organism_classification ,Convolvulaceae ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Trichome - Abstract
A new species of Bonamia has been discovered in the Department of Chontales in Nicaragua. Bonamia douglasii is described and compared with other large-sepaled species in the world. This species differs from the other Central and North American members of the genus in being a woody climber with two cordate outer sepals larger than the inner three. RESUMEN. Una especie nueva de Bonamia se ha descubierto en el Departamento de Chontales de Nicaragua. Bonamia douglasii se describe y se contrasta con las otras mundiales del genero con sepalos grandes. Esta especie se difiere de las demas de la America Central y Norte en que es una trepadora leiiosa con los dos sepalos exteriores mayores que los interiores. Myint & Ward (1968) recognized 23 neotropical species in Bonamia A. Thouars. Revision of the genus based on the more abundant material now available indicates that 18 of the species they studied should be retained (Austin & Staples, unpublished data). However, exploration in the American tropics since the early 1970s has resulted in the addition of B. apurensis D. F. Austin (1982a), B. mexicana J. A. McDonald (1987), and B. leonii A. H. Gentry & D. F. Austin (1988). During study of specimens for the Flora de Nicaragua, I encountered yet another Bonamia that previously had not been recognized. Because the specimen represents a unique, locally endemic taxon, it is presented as new. The following, along with the three species recently described, brings the current neotropical generic total to 22. Bonamia has recently been delimited by Verdcourt (1963, 1974), Myint & Ward (1968), Austin (1975, 1982a, b), Austin & Ghazanfar (1979), Austin & Cavalcante (1982), Austin & Staples (1985), Goncalves (1987), and Breteler (1992). In these studies the genus was delimited as having free or partially free styles, non-accrescent sepals, dehiscent fruits, and ovate, obovate, or ovate-cordate cotyledons. Bonamia douglasii D. F. Austin, sp. nov. TYPE: Nicaragua. Dept. Chontales: Hacienda Veracruz, 12011'N, 85?22'W, elev. 120-140 m, pastures and gallery forest, 19 Dec. 1984 (fls & buds), W. Douglas Stevens 23522 (holotype, MO; isotype, FAU). Figure 1. Species B. sulphureae affinis, sed ab ea sepalis exterioribus amplis reniformibus, sepalis interioribus minoribus differt. Perennial climbers, woody, the stems twining, appressed brown-sericeous when young, glabrescent, older stems brown, lenticellate, striate. Leaves simple, petiolate; lamina coriaceous, elliptic to broadly ovate, 2.5-5.8 cm long, 1.8-5 cm wide, entire, the apex obtuse to mucronate, apiculate, the base obtuse to rounded, brown-sericeous, 4-6 veins conspicuous below, obscure above; petiole canaliculate, 2-5 mm long, 2 mm wide, brown-sericeous. Inflorescences racemose to flowers solitary, near the ends of terminal or on lateral branches, peduncles reduced to ca. 2 mm on solitary flowers, 3-4 mm long in racemes, brown-sericeous; pedicels 5-8 mm long, brown-sericeous; bracts scalelike, 1.5 mm long, triangular, brown-sericeous; sepals unequal, imbricate, the outer longer and broader than the inner, reniform, 8-9 mm long, 9-12 mm wide, coriaceous, basally obtuse, apically rounded, the margins entire, undulate, brown-sericeous, the inner 6-7 mm long, 3-5 mm wide, chartaceous, glabrous; corolla induplicate-valvate and convolute, funnel-shaped, 1618 mm long, white, brown-sericeous on the midpetaline bands with V-shaped trichomes, the cylindrical tube 6-7 mm long, glabrous; the limb almost entire; stamens equal, included, 4-5 mm long, the filaments fused to the corolla tube, glabrous at the base, the anthers 1-1.5 mm long; nectary 5-lobed; ovary ovoid, 2.5 mm wide and long, brown-sericeous throughout most of the length, the trichomes V-shaped, some areas near the bottom glabrous, the styles 2, unequal, 5-7 mm long, the stigmas capitate, 1 mm wide. Fruits not seen. The epithet is dedicated to W. Douglas Stevens, indefatigable student of Nicaraguan botany. NOVON 4: 319-321. 1994. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.211 on Mon, 08 Aug 2016 06:05:50 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms more...
- Published
- 1994
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- View/download PDF
147. Ostrea angasi acclimatization to French coasts
- Author
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Henri Grizel, Serge Bougrier, Gilbert Tige, and Evelyne Bachère
- Subjects
Oyster ,biology ,Marteilia ,Oyster farming ,Aquatic Science ,Ostrea angasi ,Bivalvia ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Fishery ,biology.animal ,medicine ,Bonamia ,Ostrea edulis ,Epizootic - Abstract
Following losses of the European flat oyster Ostrea edulis due to epizootic diseases in France, an acclimatization experiment was conducted with hatched juveniles of O. angasi . Major mortalities were rapidly noted in the cultures and attributed to a haplosporidian ( Haplosporidium sp.) to which O. angasi was very sensitive. This species also contracted Bonamia and Marteilia parasites of O. edulis . more...
- Published
- 1986
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
148. Occurrence and characteristics of the haemocyte parasite Bonamia sp. in the New Zealand dredge oyster Tiostrea lutaria
- Author
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J.B. Jones, P. Dinamani, and P. M. Hine
- Subjects
Oyster ,biology ,Ecology ,Aquatic animal ,Aquatic Science ,biology.organism_classification ,Bivalvia ,Bonamia ostreae ,biology.animal ,Parasite hosting ,Bonamia ,Mollusca ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Shellfish - Published
- 1987
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
149. Resistance of Ostrea edulis to Bonamia ostreae infection
- Author
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M.T. Wilkinson, Ralph A. Elston, and M.L. Kent
- Subjects
education.field_of_study ,animal structures ,biology ,Ecology ,fungi ,Population ,food and beverages ,Zoology ,Aquatic Science ,equipment and supplies ,biology.organism_classification ,Bivalvia ,Chronic infection ,Bonamia ostreae ,bacteria ,Enzootic ,Parasite hosting ,Bonamia ,Ostrea edulis ,education - Abstract
Preliminary studies showed that oysters from a population of Ostrea edulis infected with Bonamia ostreae since at least 1963 have a substantial degree of resistance to the infection in comparison with oysters from a population with no prior exposure history to the disease. Over a 46-week period and under identical environmental conditions, 99% of non-resistant oysters exposed to the disease died while only 26% of a population of resistant oysters died. The surviving resistant oysters had lesions which indicated a chronic infection and possible degradation of the parasite within the tissues. The resistant oysters may offer a management option for the reestablishment of Ostrea edulis culture in disease enzootic areas where the parasite has virtually eliminated non-resistant populations. more...
- Published
- 1987
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
150. Occurence and significance of bonamiasis in European flat oysters Ostrea edulis in North America
- Author
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CA Farley, ML Kent, and RA Elston
- Subjects
Bonamia ostreae ,biology ,Ecology ,Bonamia ,Aquatic Science ,Ostrea edulis ,biology.organism_classification ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Published
- 1986
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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