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In recent years, companies have had to change their approach to the production and consumption of goods in order to meet the requirements of sustainable development. These companies, by changing the way products are manufactured, strive to increase its efficiency, while reducing the consumption of raw materials, reducing costs and reducing their impact on the environment. An inherent element supporting such activities is the implementation of an appropriate maintenance processes. Maintenance as a business function is a crucial part in achieving the status of a sustainable company. Keeping in view the importance of maintenance, in this study the concept of sustainable maintenance criteria assessment is presented. The development of the criteria assessment method requires consideration of two aspects. First, one should determine the way data will be obtained and the method of their evaluation (e.g. index, descriptive, point). Secondly, the way in which aggregations of partial assessment should be defined within each criterion. To solve this problem the maturity matrix was used.

The primary purpose of a business firm is to produce and distribute goods and services to the society in which it exist. The efficiency of production, personnel and marketing, operations are directly influenced by the manner in which the finance function is performed by the industry. The success of the business depends on how best all these functions can be Co-ordinated. The present study deals with business function and revival. With has increased in popularity. So there is a high need to provide a better understanding of the issues and challenge faced by the industries in the context of managing it. This paper describes the general considerations and relevant machineries.

У статті комплексно розглянуто методологічні підходи до організації та проектування бізнес-процесів сучасного підприємства. Бізнес-процес представлено як набір функцій, які перетворять вхідні дані процесу у вихідні, використовуючи при тому певні ресурси. Особливістю методології функціонального моделювання є чітке розмежування між функціями, які обробляють дані, і самими даними. Бізнес-функцію визначено як особливий вид роботи (дій, операцій), яка виконується над продуктами і послугами в ході їх руху в бізнес-процесі. Проаналізовано основні області застосування BPM: удосконалення бізнес-процесів, управління та безперервна оптимізація. Визначено, що ARIS, UML і стандарти сімейства IDEF є методологіями, які найбільше використовуються при моделювання бізнес-процесів. Виділені переваги та недоліки використання структурних, об’єктно-орієнтованих та інтегрованих методів. Проаналізовано статичну і просту модель процесу проектування бізнес-процесів. Надані рекомендації щодо вибору підходу до моделювання бізнес-процесів, що значною мірою залежить від таких факторів, як ступінь динамічності структури підприємства, ступінь стійкості процесів, цілі моделювання і т.п.

The adoption of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) could offer significant benefits in terms of managing the resources and support business function. However, the traditional ERP systems are quite expensive and have complex procedures for the adoption especially for SMEs. With the introduction of cloud-based ERP systems that have similar functionalities with traditional ERP, SMEs are now able to adopt this system. However, the adoption of cloud ERP remains low and question arise on how to encourage SMEs to adopt this system. Drawing from management and Information Systems literature, this study proposes and conceptual framework for cloud ERP adoption among SMEs. Using archival analysis approach and technology-push and demand-pull as the theoretical background, this research has come out with six main themes namely: firm qualities, internal pressure, external pressure, technology features, organizational readiness and external support. This paper will give significant benefits to ERP vendors to understand their potential buyer’s behaviour towards the adoption of cloud ERP.

Business owners of control systems have to ensure their system operations are protected from various security threats. Especially for control systems in critical infrastructures, business owners should deploy security countermeasures that fulfill mission assurance to continue their business function. The purpose of this paper is to introduce security measures that enable business continuation along with satisfying mission assurance. The proposed security introduction framework in this paper enables business owners of control systems to obtain exhaustive security measures from the viewpoint of technical, operational, and management aspects with reasonable effort. The proposed security introduction framework can be applied to a wide variety of control systems.

As more and more industries begin to apply big data technology, we begin to see big data frequently in our lives. McKinsey said: "data has penetrated into every industry and business function field, and become an important production factor." This paper mainly describes the current situation and some possible problems of university information management in the era of big data, and puts forward corresponding solutions. I hope that the university can make better use of big data technology in information management in the wave of rapid development of big data

The purpose of this paper is to explore the business advantages of a company engaged in the field of food through its core competency. This paper provides results of core competency analysis of PT. Japfa Comfeed Indonesia, Tbk (JPFA). The research method used a case study that serves to express information in factual, structure, and accurate about the object study. This paper used the information and data obtained from Annual Report of JPFA and related records. This paper identifies a number of core competency factors based on finance performance analysis, business function analysis, and internal analysis & external factor summary (IFAS and EFAS). The based concept of the core competency refers to model that consists of capability, competence, and resource. The results of this paper show the core competency of JPFA in the capability of the company is able to produce products with good quality. In competence, the company is a market leader in its field by being able to dominate the market for animal feed products and DOC, synergy and efficiency in marketing product supported by the distribution network spread throughout Indonesia, and biosecurity such as isolation, fumigation, and farm management to guarantee quality of the product. In the resource, the company has professional and competent human resources. This paper provided managerial impact to company to maintain and develop business profits through its core competency.

Information systems (IS) have become an integral part of many organizations as they depend on it to execute their critical business function. The purpose of this research was to explore the enablers and inhibitors of information systems disaster recovery planning in organizations in the Ghanaian banking sector. In order to achieve this purpose, the protection motivation theory and the theory of planned behavior was used as the theoretical lens for this study. Eight hypotheses were developed to test the research conceptualization. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 20.0. Using a survey of 207 managers in the Ghanaian banking sector, this article shows the factors such as perceived vulnerability, perceived severity, response efficacy, self-efficacy, attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control positively influences motivation and intention to develop an information systems disaster recovery plan in Ghanaian banking industries.

This paper investigates the relationship between the value capture of multinational subsidiaries and functional upgrading, which is defined as a diversification of employment from primary business functions to higher value adding activities such as ICT, R&D, marketing or logistics. By combining survey-based business function indicators with longitudinal accounting data for a representative sample of multinational subsidiaries located in six Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs), we assess the impact of functional upgrading on foreign subsidiaries' value capture. The results provide robust evidence that the breadth as well as the scope of functional upgrading induces an upward shift of subsidiaries' value added. The effect of functional upgrading is stronger in the earlier phases after entry of the foreign investor, while the long-term growth trend remains unaffected.

The aim of this study is to discuss and clarify the important features and characteristics of effective approaches in order to perform maintenance management. For this purpose, the relevant literature is examined, classified and analyzed to carry out a comparative study between many methods of the maintenance used in the industry. Deficient maintenance management can severely affect competitiveness of an organization by reducing throughput, increasing inventory and leading to poor performance, Maintenance management of industrial equipment is an important but still relatively neglected by business function In order to achieve world-class performance, more and more companies are replacing their reactive, strategies for maintenance with proactive strategies like preventive and predictive maintenance and progressive strategies like total productive maintenance. While these new maintenance strategies require increased commitments to training, resources and integration. They also tend to improve performance. This article discusses a research project to identify the strong points, weak points between the techniques of maintenance and the relationship between the approaches of maintenance and production methods. A survey was conducted to determine the relationship between the two approaches.

Data has become an indispendable part of every subject in the world such as in economy, industry, business function, individual and also organization in education such as in university. Data mining software is one of a number of analytical tools for analyzing data. One of techniques in data mining is Association Rules. This paper aim is to known the association between student attendance record and 3 variable which are course, time, and credit semester. Student attendance record need to be analyzed due to see the effectiveness of student attendance record. The result of this paper, association rules is the best method for this case. Courses is not significant for association rules because didn’t present in output. There are 9 rules that has lift ration beyond 1.0000000.

We collected data on the sophistication of technologies used at the business function level for a representative sample of firms in Vietnam, Senegal, and the Brazilian state of Ceara. Our analysis finds a large variance in technology sophistication across the business functions of a firm. Specifically, the within-firm variance in technology sophistication is greater than the variance in sophistication across firms, which in turn is greater than the variance in sophistication across regions or countries. We document a stable cross-firm relationship between technology at the business function and firm levels that we name the technology curve. We uncover significant heterogeneity in the slopes of the technology curves across business functions, a finding that is consistent with non-homotheticities in firm-level technology aggregators. Firm productivity is positively associated with the within-firm variance and the average level of technology sophistication. Development accounting exercises show that cross-firm variation in technology accounts for one-third of cross-firm differences in productivity and one-fifth of the agricultural versus non-agricultural gap in cross-country differences in firm productivity.

Green supply chain management is concerned with the integration of environmental criteria and sustainability issues in the management of the supply chain. Within this framework, firms applying internally green strategy have, naturally, the interest to pressure purchases of goods and services from suppliers that are themselves green, at least to a certain extent. Thus, Supplier Evaluation and Selection is crucial due to its big impact on business function. The prospect of applying green principles has consequently become an important feature of a supplier’s overall performance. Hence, green supplier selection and evaluation, although a relatively new research subject, has grown quite rapidly. It develops and studies the decision and evaluation models based on environmental criteria. Its main tools are based on multi-criteria decision making approaches. Our objective, in this paper, is to review journal articles published in the period 2012–2019 on this topic, in order to identify the most widely applied approaches for green supplier evaluation and selection and the most cited green criteria.

Supply chain analytics, especially in the field of food supply has become a strategic business function. Monthly executive sales and operation planning meetings utilize supply chain analytics to inform strategic business decisions. Having identified gaps in the strategic management of food supply chains, a multi perspective supply chain analytics framework is developed incorporating process and data attributes to support decision making. Using Design Science as the research methodology, a novel framework with a supporting IT artefact is built and presented with early evaluation results.

EnglishThis article discusses the implementation of digital curation to be achieved by an Institution. It evidences the purposes of digital preservation and digital curation for the benefit of an institution. It characterizes the digital object and discusses digital curation in the context of changes that occur in its environment. It identifies documents that are references in the context of the implementation of digital curation and it presents the digital curation environment from the perspective of its business activities, in order to support the planning of digital curation in a memory institution. It recommends implementing digital curation as a business function of the memory institution, by specifying and developing the business activities which are necessary for its functioning, to be carried out gradually, observing OAIS (ISO 14721), ACTDR (ISO 16363) and maturity models. In support of this strategy, it presents a set of digital curation activities, aligned with ACTDR and OAIS. portuguesGestores de Instituicoes sao fiados a avaliar e medir os recursos, os beneficios e os riscos a fim de assumirem com responsabilidade empreendimentos efetivos de curadoria digital. Esse artigo aborda a implantacao da curadoria digital na perspectiva de um empreendimento a ser implementado. Para tal, evidencia as finalidades da preservacao e da curadoria digital em beneficio de uma instituicao; caracteriza o objeto digital e discute a curadoria digital no contexto de seu ambiente; identifica e posiciona documentos que sao referencias na implantacao da curadoria digital; e apresenta o ambiente de curadoria digital na perspectiva das atividades de negocio. Recomenda implementar a curadoria digital como uma funcao de negocio da instituicao de memoria, a partir da especificacao e do desenvolvimento das atividades necessarias ao seu funcionamento, a serem realizadas seguindo OAIS (ISO 14721), ACTDR (ISO 16363) e Ciclo de Vida da Curadoria Digital, de forma gradual com apoio de modelos de maturidade. Em apoio a esta estrategia, apresenta um conjunto de atividades de curadoria digital alinhadas com ACTDR e OAIS.

Due to advancements in information and communication technologies as well as reductions in transportation costs, cross-border economic interactions have intensified. This resulted in the formation of global value chains (GVCs). GVCs capture the phenomenon whereby production process is unbundled across national borders. The focus in the economic literature on GVCs has been to measure and analyze domestic value added in exports. While insightful, they do not inform on the functions that are undertaken, such as assembly, design, and marketing. This thesis studies offshoring, functional specialization, and their relation with economic performance. I use a variety of quantitative approaches and data, including unique business function data, to conduct three studies at different levels of analysis, namely at the country-industry, region, and firm level. The country-industry study reveals that distinguishing between intermediate stage and final stage offshoring is important since the two relate differently with onshore functional labor demand. The regional study suggests that the functional composition of the Dutch labor force is altering away from fabrication and administrative activities towards knowledge-intensive activities, such as R&D and marketing. The firm level study suggests that firms specialized in R&D and marketing are more productive compared to firms specialized in fabrication.

International audience; Companies can be affected by climate change in many ways. Effective adaptation to climate change will only be possible if the associated risks and opportunities as well as their own strengths and weaknesses are sufficiently known. Following the conceptual framework of a SWOT analysis, this article outlines the self-perception of companies from the Upper Rhine region regarding their climate change vulnerability. Based on 26 qualitative semi-structured company interviews, managers’ statements on climate change-related strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats are divided into three categories based on the business function concerned. The resulting 4×3 matrix is used to analyse which aspects companies do not pay much attention to. We also highlight typical, frequently cited strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. It appears that the majority of companies perceive climate change as an external threat but see themselves in a position to counter this threat with the help of internal qualities.

In this article1 the author views the periods of formation of business function in Samara, features of the development in each historical period and emergence of new types of buildings - business centers. The article deals the middle area of the city as the most promising for the formation of Samara city business functions. The middle area of the city concentrates the various functions - commercial, administrative, social, business, hotel and has great potential for future development. In connection with the beginning of the implementation of major federal projects: transport hub of Kurumoch airport, the design of the technopark and Сentral highway, preparations for the FIFA World Cup 2018, the role of the middle zone of the urban environment structure increases.

Domestic CM market has continued to grow since the enactment of CM policies in 1996. In addition, future CM market is forecasted to have potential high growth. Therefore, it is necessary to apply various CM business models reflecting the owner’s requirements and characteristics in order to improve in the CM industry and to strengthen the competitiveness in the overseas construction market. In this context, the purpose of this study is to suggest strategies of various CM applications based on comparison of 4 cases analyzed by ‘business weight’ and ‘business depth’ in terms of business function as well as by the types of ‘CM market’ and ‘CM practice’. Result of this comparative analysis shows that each case presents differences in terms of type, business weight, and business depth of CM practice. However, domestic public CM services are currently being challenged to strengthen capability throughout the project life-cycle against the limitation of government’s CM policies focused on the construction supervision. In order to address this problem, this study proposes the strategies of various CM applications from several different perspectives.

In this paper, according to the current research status of credit banking platform at home and abroad, this paper analyzes the existing problems of credit banking platform construction, designs the overall structure of business function module and information platform of credit banking system, breaks down the functional modules of credit banking platform into microservices, Service architecture technology, analysis of microservices, construction of regional credit bank platform, and finally using Spring Cloud microservices development framework, validated the effectiveness of building regional credit bank platform based on microservices.

Business intelligence system (BIS) has gained a high momentum and played a significant role in enhancing the business environment especially with the help of cloud. The BIS with cloud computing is the solution to overcome complex problems where large amounts of data (market analysis, customer’s view, feedback and organization response time) are required to be processed. The objective of this paper is to show the realistic perspective of the possibilities for maximizing benefits and minimizing risks in Indian business. The authors have highlighted the importance of cloud computing in business and tried to develop a framework for integrating BIS with cloud computing, and an attempt has also been made to analyse the efficiency of the proposed model which improves performance over the cloud. Some of the challenging issues as well as the future research directions have also been discussed.

Service procurement is a business function of increasing importance and is highly suitable for integration of electronic support, but it suffers from severe research deficits. As yet, implementation prerequisites for electronic procurement of services are obscure and not quantifiable. In this research project, organization, formalization, and specialization of procurement and standardization and strategic importance of the procured services are identified as relevant implementation prerequisites. Measurement models for these prerequisites are established and proven through quantitative empirical research. As such, this article is a major step towards a more rigorous investigation of electronic procurement of services.

Every firm experiences power struggles involving various actors over power, resources, strategy, and direction (Fligstein, 1987). This struggle for influence is often determined by the individual’s authority within the firm and by their ability to define and provide solutions for important problems. On the surface, the stories that capture firm priorities and those that mandate and maintain critical-resource precedence correspond closely to functional backgrounds of the top management team (Hambrick & Mason 1984). However, there are circumstances when the backgrounds of chief executives may fade in comparison to the situation at hand. For instance, in times when access to capital is greatly reduced or federal legislation restricts certain practices, the chief executive officer’s (CEO) background matters less than their ability to hire or promote the right individual (Zorn, 2004). Moreover, the degree to which a business function (marketing, finance, accounting, etc.) is perceived as holding the skills necessary (core competencies) for firm success, that subunit will gain power to direct the firm (Fligstein, 1987). In critical times, the competition for narrative dominance may be particularly acute and generate influence that comes to bear on key decision makers, regardless of functional background.

In a contemporary manufacturing environment, the concern against the level of manufacturing responsiveness is vital in sustaining the growth of the manufacturing firms for a longer period of time. From this point of view, manufacturers do not only can improve their performance in fulfilling the volatility of demands, but also allow them to develop a better plan to become more competitive in the global market. From reviews, 28 performance indicators were identified to drive the implementation of responsive manufacturing. These performance indicators appear to be influenced by three responsiveness mediators, namely suppliers, manufacturers, and customers. From the discussion, seven dimensions of responsiveness, i.e., market trends, management information’s system, environmental management, financial management, manufacturing capability, innovation, and the management of material and resources must be considered by manufacturers in coordinating, and streamlining the desired actions in establishing the responsive manufacturing practices. This information is useful as basis guidelines in formulating the strategy in strengthening the business function in achieving an exceptional responsiveness performance in manufacturing practices.

One of the goals of our business school is to provide a culminating/integrative experience to our students. We believe that we can achieve that goal by using SAP software in our curriculum in the same manner it is used in the industry. Using SAP software, students can see the impact of an action or a decision within one business function as it affects other functions. In 2013, our school applied for and was accepted into the SAP University Alliance program, hosted by the SAP University Competence Center (UCC) of California State University, Chico. We began deploying the software and training materials soon after. This study was conducted in the fall semester of 2013 in four undergraduate sections of the Management Information System (MIS) course taught by three different faculty members. This resulted in 115 valid paired cases for analysis. We conducted a pre- and post-treatment survey to compare students’ perception on the value of the SAP ERP software before and after they received training and used the software. Findings indicate that participants have positive perceptions on the usefulness, ease of use, and intention to use the software. Also, the findings indicate that overall the training material and exercises they used helped them appreciate the functionality of the system, its usefulness, and its ease of use. Participants seemed to have a positive perception on their likelihood of using the system as part of the activities they would perform in their professional job. This represents an important finding given the widespread use of ERP systems in the business world and the need of employers to recruit newly graduates with the necessary skills to fulfil current and future needs.

DRP is considered as a business function for the continuity of business, which can be used to build a suitable IT infrastructure. Using DRP, a company's data is easily secured, maintained or resumed. Therefore, this article provides an overview of DRP and performs it for an organization with three branches.

Manufacturers recognize that production systems have no value if the production equipment is unreliable. Nowadays industrial maintenance, strategic business function is evolving. It is inter-related to the development of knowledge and technology, the development of new business methods well as the need to reduce costs. It should not only ensure the proper functioning of equipment but also to continually improve their performance, and enhance their lives. All these factors play havoc not only the modes of organization of the maintenance function but also the activities of actors who operate in this area. Our article focuses on "the management systems and processes" main pillar of Total Quality Management, whose base rests on the multi-agent modeling.

Maxine Park explains how the emergence of co-sourcing, where a business function is performed by both internal staff and external resources, is revolutionising business

This study aims to examine the factors that could influence the estimated costs of a building based on the function of the building itself. The building functions reviewed in this study are business function, socio-cultural function, and residential function. The independent variables consist of building area, building height, floors number, and project implementation time. On the other hand, the dependent variable is the total costs of the project. The data used as samples are as many as 155 and have been taken by using a probability sampling. Subsequently, the analysis of this study is performed by using a multiple linear regression method. The result shows that there is a difference in the estimated costs in each function, either business function, socio-cultural function, or residential function. When referring to the number of business function costs estimation, there is a difference by 32.01% for residential function and 21.9% for socio-cultural function. This means that both costs estimation for residential function and socio-cultural function are smaller than business function. This paper proposes a novel concept in the context of building cost estimation in Indonesia as currently the estimation merely depends on the size of the building without considering its various function. That way, the proposed view in this study will potentially change the way building cost is estimated in Indonesia.

This study aims to examine problems of retail business operated by primary fisheries cooperatives and provide some suggestions for enhancing their retail business function . It reveals that although sales business function of fisheries cooperatives is very important for the members of Korean fisheries cooperatives , their performance and efficiency outcomes have been disappointing . The research offers six suggestions in two categories to resolve the issues . In the first category as a marketing plan for retail business of primary fisheries cooperatives , first , enhance of marine products business using local specialty goods . second , expanded of on －line shopping mall and third , joint marketings among primary cooperatives are necessary . In second category as an assistance plan of National Federation of Fisheries Cooperatives (NFFC ) for primary fisheries cooperatives , First , we needed to making logistics system for fisheries . Second , conducting retail business consulting for primary fisheries cooperatives . Finally , human resource development programs are needed . Primary fisheries cooperatives have to discipline faithfully as a cooperatives for NFFC roles as a cooperatives . So making marine products sales business as a core of a economy business of primary fisheries cooperatives in Korea is very important .

The reconfigurability of Manufacturing Execution System (MES) means that it can adapt to different manufacturing environment and application requirements rapidly and easily. A Reconfigurable MES Model (RMM) is discussed with a hierarchical architecture including Production Object Level, Business Activity Level, Business Function Level and Organization Level. The elements of each level are defined, and the implementation mechanisms of reconfigurations are analyzed in detail. Finally, an example is presented to prove the validation of RMM.

U robnoj proizvodnji proizvodi se za tržište. Roba ili usluga traži kupca kao drugu stranu koja je neophodna za proces razmjene, a prodaja se pojavljuje kao infrastruktura razmjene. Razmjena se mora promatrati više kao proces nego kao događaj. U procesu razmjene prodaja je važna za obavljanje transakcije kao razmjene vrijednosti između dviju ili više strana. O prodaji se može govoriti iz više aspekata. Prednost procesnog pristupa je osiguravanje trajnog upravljanja vezama između pojedinačnih procesa unutar sustava procesa te njihova kombinacija i međusobno djelovanje. U ovom diplomskom radu su objašnjeni procesi prodaje i sam proces prodaje. Također, u ovom radu govori se o vidovima prodaje kao poslovnom te pozicioniranjem prodaje u organizacijskoj strukturi tvrtke. The production of goods produces for the market. Goods or services are searching for the customer as the other side which is necessary for the trade process, and sale process appears as infrastructure of the trade. Trade should be viewed more as a process than the event. In the trade process sales is important for the transactions as exchange of values between two or more sides. Sale process can be viewed from multiple viewpoints. Advantage of process approach is ensuring permanent relations managing between individual processes and their combination and interaction. This final paper is explaining sale process and other processes in it. Paper also discusses aspects of selling as business and positioning sales in the organizational structure of the company.

This chapter explores critical insights into the process of change in today’s fast-paced competitive environment. The chapter focuses on significant drivers of change and assesses their impact on the external environment of modern companies. How companies will react to all these changes imposed by a number of factors is a subject that is going to be discussed in the following lines. The market reaction to these changes is examined in an attempt to predict future implications and highlight the importance of planning for modern organizations in order to remain competitive in today’s globalized, highly competitive environment. The Structure-Conduct-Performance model, which is a road map for identifying the factors that determine the competitiveness of a market, is applied in order to analyze the behavior of firms and their reactions to changes. Furthermore, Porter’s five forces model is discussed. This model helps to define strategic segment boundaries and reveal insights into the key forces operating in the competitive marketplace. Finally, different market structures are analyzed in order to assess the impact of changes on these markets and the way that the markets are capable of correcting any failures or misallocations of resources available. In this respect, the strategies needed for driving organizational change require an essential set of skills and competencies at the core of the business function.

Marketing might be the business function which has the Re- in its genes: Dedicated to the battle for attention, marketing always has to think about re-evaluating established ways of customer relations and about re-designing new ways of communication. Marketing follows the logic of campaigns, and each new campaign means an approach to more customers, to more sales, to more profits.

Logistics is primarily concerned with the question by which functional, organization, personnel and material resources, the information, material and value flow of materials through the whole enterprise can be improved and optimized. By this the logistics gains the integrating business function. However, as many managerial fields and also this one does not work without problems. That is why we will try to describe the main problematic areas, to present some lean methods and the results the company will achieve due to them.

Enterprise Architecture (EA) is vital element for organisation to ensure the viability of the organisation functionality. However, many organisations facing problem in EA implementation due to complexity of the EA frameworks, rigidity of business function and the chaotic IT structure. Various suggestions for better EA implementation in previous studies are yet to be verified by the EA practitioners in real case scenario. Therefore, this paper aims to measure the influential factors in EA implementation process from both experts and practitioners perspectives. This EA implementation model was formulated based on 27 factors from six categories, (IP-Internal Process, LG-Learning and Growth, AS-Authority Support, CS-Cost, TC-Technology and TM-Talent Management) which are gathered from previous studies and case studies of Malaysian Public Sector organisations. To measure this model, survey questionnaire was conducted to both selected EA experts and practitioners with intention to identify any differences between the theoretical and practical aspects in EA implementation. Findings reveal that, there is no significance difference on the level of agreement between the EA experts and practitioners except for three factors which are IP6-Rules and Process, AS5-Political Influence and CS1-Financial Resources. Hence, it can be concluded that both experts and practitioner share the same opinion on the factors that influence the EA implementation process.

This paper elaborates the stages of ERP implementation in terms of critical success factors in small and medium-sized enterprises in Croatia. These stages and their associated success factors were evaluated by company executives, implementation managers and advanced users. The implementation is an extremely critical process especially in small companies which have limited resources, particularly human resources, where some people often have to perform more than one business function. The paper shows that the number of critical success factors of implementation significantly differs in six examined stages and the quantity of critical factors in the stage with the highest number of them is 100% higher than in the stage with the lowest number of them. If we sum up the factors obtained through the stages and compare the result to the global list of critical success factors of implementation — the results differ to a considerable extent.

Philip Delves Broughton is a journalist, management writer, and best-selling author of two books. Philip was a journalist with The Daily Telegraph for ten years, latterly as Paris Bureau Chief (2002–04) before he took an MBA at Harvard, which became the subject of his first book, the best-selling What They Teach You at Harvard Business School. Philip writes regularly for The Financial Times, The Wall Street Journal and The Spectator. From 2009–2010, he spent several months at Apple writing case studies for Apple University, its internal management program, and now works with The Kauffman Foundation for Entrepreneurship and Education. His most recent book The Art of the Sale: Learning from the Masters about the Business of Life is an ‘insightful scholarly treatise on sales’ with a global perspective on this critical business function.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-8077.2012v14n33p25 This article aims to analyze the dynamics of the learning networks operation of business and the differential of this methodological practice to other conventional models of teaching. The review of the epistemological theories of learning and educational psychology identified constructivism collective (LAROCHELLE et al., 1998) as the approach that most closely resembles conceptions of teaching in network format. To understand the way they are planned and organized networks and their distinctions for other types of courses targeted at executives use the methods of case study and thematic analysis. The study highlight the differences in entrepreneurial learning networks, still little diffusined in Brazil, for the traditional teaching methods taught in the open courses postgraduate to the public and in-company to complement and update the learning people in executive business function.

This research aims to explore the entrepreneurial competences for starting a store. This study used the techniques of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to solicit opinions from 17 excellent franchisees that selected from Taiwan Family-Mart Chain Stores. The results show that the entrepreneurial skill is the most important factor for starting a store in the criteria level. The second is business function skills. This is different with authors’ former study. In the index level, the rank of entrepreneurial competences for starting a store by descending are the entrepreneurial traits/behaviors, communications skills, operations management, business foundations, entrepreneurial processes, human resource management, professional innovation ability, marketing management, risk management, financial management and digital skills. The first skill, same with former study, is entrepreneurial traits/behaviors. This weight is over three times higher than the second one. It means that entrepreneurs need to have some inherent traits with others.

Information systems permeate every business function, thereby requiring holistic Information Systems (IS) approaches. Much academic research is still discipline specific. More interdisciplinary research is needed to inform both industry and academe. Interdisciplinary research has been positively associated with increased levels of innovation, productivity and impact. IS research contributes to the knowledge creation and innovation within IS and other College of Business (COB) disciplines. This research defines the intellectual structures within IS and between IS and other COB disciplines. We use a large scale, diachronic bibliometric analysis of COB journals to assess reciprocal knowledge exchange and also to identify potential intra- and interdisciplinary publication outlets. Our findings show an increase in IS knowledge contributions to other COB disciplines, which supports the discussion that IS is a reference discipline. Our research also visually depicts the intellectual structures within IS and between IS and other COB disciplines. Anyone exploring research in IS and allied COB disciplines can peruse the proximity maps to identify groups of similar journals. The findings from this research inform decisions related to which journals to read, target as publication outlets, and include on promotion and tenure lists.

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to examine how organizations can support their leaders in taking on the challenges of their leadership roles, including how to effectively manage talent on a larger scale as they move up the ranks. The author aims to discuss the findings of a study by Corporate Executive Board (CEB) into the support required to move from being a business leader to a talent champion. This study built upon previous CEB research, which had shown that the way managers manage their teams can have a significant impact on key business outcomes. It aimed to explore practical ways for organizations to support executives in making the leap from managing an individual team to facing the challenge of leading a business unit or business function comprising a broad portfolio of talent effectively.Design/methodology/approachIn 2009, CEB undertook a 360‐degree survey of more than 8,000 business leaders based in North America, Europe, Asia, and South Africa exploring managers' skills, their knowledge, the proportion of time they spent on tasks related to their role and their attitude towards talent management. The survey was also opened up to their own managers and their direct reports. CEB followed this by interviewing hundreds of heads of HR globally, to determine how involved business leaders are in succession planning and their accountability for talent and business outcomes.FindingsThe research found that there are four distinct types of managers when it comes to talent management, ranging from those who are committed and effective talent managers to those who are neither. The data showed that while strong talent management can raise employee effort levels by 25 per cent above average, less than a fifth of senior executives have the required levels of commitment to talent management alongside the effectiveness in delivering talent management practices required to drive these outcomes.Practical implicationsThe research led to three key steps for organizations to take in order to encourage their business leaders to become effective talent managers. They are: forging a closer link between a strategic and business plan and its talent plan; supporting leaders to identify, develop and manage high‐potential employees; and establishing a culture of “soft” accountability practices for talent outcomes such as ranking and publicizing managers' effectiveness at retaining talent. The author concludes with two case studies of organizations supporting leaders in developing leadership skills.Originality/valueThis paper studies how organizations can support their leaders in taking on the challenges of their roles. The research identified four distinct types of managers when it comes to talent management and led to the formulation of three key steps for organizations to take to encourage their leaders to become effective talent managers.