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The Edisto River Basin, with a tidal reach of 38 miles, extends northward from the coast at St. Helena Sound and lies entirely within the State of South Carolina, between the Savannah River and Santee River basins. The greatest length and width of the basin are about 135 and 35 miles, respectively. The basin drainage area is about 2,983 square miles. Pertinent river data are shown in Table 1 and a map of the basin is shown on Plate 1. Profiles of the Edisto River and its principal tributaries are shown in Appendix 1. The District Engineer finds that there is a need for flood control, water supply, water quality control, outdoor recreation, and hydroelectric power in the Edisto River Basin, South CArolina. the District Engineer further finds that no economically feasible basin wide plan of improvement from the Federal standpoint has evolved from these studies. The District Engineer recommends no plan of improvement as a result of this report. He further recommends that local water resources problems be solved as they arise., Original contains color plates: All DTIC and NTIS reproductions will be in black and white.

The purpose of this report is to consoidate readily available data on beach erosion at Edisto Beach and to make a preliminary evaluation of these data to determine whether further study is warranted. Also discussed are the various remedial measures considered in resolution of the problem of arresting erosion and stabilizing the beach at the study area. A more thorough analysis will be made of each measure in the detailed report.

The objectives of the management program are to increase the value of all reservoir lands for recreation and wildlife and to promote the growth of timber through silvicultural and accepted conservation practices. This requires the management and development of the project forest lands to their fullest potential, insofar as their resources for recreation forest and vegetative cover are concerned. This necessarily involves management for development of wildlife and scenic values, control of soil moisture, precipitation runoff and control of erosion. This will provide forests which will be impressive and beautiful and which will produce and retail of the land a healthy forest stand at its maximum capacity. The first step will be to eliminate undesirable and deformed trees by selective cutting. Ultimately, a healthy forest will be maintained by development thinning. Forest management will not be dictated by requirements for sustained yield. These objectives will apply to all forest lands of the project whether or not developed or licensed.

The scope of this report is confined to an analysis of the hydrologic, hydraulic, economic, environmental and social aspects of flooding and to an evaluation of engineering and administrative alternatives for the reduction of flood damages in the vicinity of Laurens, South Carolina. The report includes summaries of the alternative flood control techniques evaluated. Studies included potential development of reservoir areas on Little River and Reedy Fork Creek, channel improvements with and without reservoirs and nonstructural solutions.

The purpose of this report is to present the basic data collected on the storm of 17-22 June 1972 and the subsequent flooding which continued through % July 1972 along the Yadkin-Pee Dee River, North and South Carolina. This report summarizes hydrologic, economic and other data which were considered of significance and were readily available. A reconnaissance of affected areas was made after the flood waters subsided for the purpose of conducting a flood damage survey. Subsequent office studies included an evaluation of flood damages and a brief hydrologic analysis. Flood damage surveys were supplemented and compared with the stage damage conducting a flood damage curves prepared for the 'Report on Development of Water Resources in Appalachia' and information developed for the general Design Memorandum on Reddies River Reservoir. Includes is a summary of the operation and effect of the Corps' W. Kerr Scott Dam and Reservior multipurpose project on flood conditions along the upper Yadkin River.

Local interests expressed the desire for a shallow draft navigation channel from Charleston to Columbia, South Carolina, a distance of approximately 170 miles. Shallow draft navigation presently exists for approximately 120 miles of this distance. This was made possible by construction of the Santee-Cooper hydroelectric project which constructed dams across the Santee River and Cooper River and formed large fresh-water lakes. Also constructed in the dam on Cooper River was a 60' x 180' navigation lock at Pinopolis, South Carolina. The most practical plan of improvement consists of canalization of the Congaree River to Columbia by a series of 3 locks and dams. Consideration was given in the design of the structures to the prevention of flooding of the extensive forested areas along the river and to the unimpeded, upstream migration of the striped bass population during the spawning season and the downstream transport of the maturing eggs. Plan A considered lock sizes of 84' x 600' for the Congaree River and would include a new lock of the same dimension to replace the existing lock at Pinopolis. Plan B considered lock sizes of 84' x 400' for the Congaree River and extension of the Pinopolis lock by 58 feet. Commercial navigation on the Charleston to Columbia waterway has been practically nil for the past 15 years. Prospective traffic which could be generated was found to be insufficient to justify the construction of the project.

Old Field Swamp is located in Robeson County, North Carolina, and flows along the eastern town limits of Fairmont. Mill Branch is a tributary of Old Field Swamp and flows through Fairmont. Old Field Swamp outlets into Hog Swamp about 1.5 miles southeast of Fairmont. The project will reduce flooding in the Old Field Swamp and Mill Branch area, resulting in improvements in agricultural conditions and decreases in damages to business establishments, residential property, and roads. It will not eliminate flooding and this fact should be published annually in order that the public will be appropriately informed. However, it does provide an adequate outlet for drainage works to be accomplished by local interests and lands that were formerly unusable may be put to some use.

The purpose of this study is to describe the effects of hurricanes on the five South Carolina coastal areas, which the remainder of the South Carolina seaboard not covered in previous hurricane reports, and to determine whether means for preventing loss of human lives and tidal damages to property should be provided at this time.

This report presents the results of investigations made to determine the engineering and economic feasibility of providing a shallow draft navigation project for Adams Creek, Charleston Country. South Carolina. The investigations include hydrographic surveys of the area and materials sampling form the shoals and proposed spoil areas, evaluations of historical changes in creek depth, estimates of shoaling rates, evaluation of commerce records, and estimates and comparison of cost of improvements for the selection and appointment of the best project plan. The District Engineer finds that shoaling conditions in Adams Creek, South CArolina, are causing annual damages as much as 8.9 times greater than the annual cost of providing a safe stable navigable channel. He recommends a Federal project for the creek which provides a channel 10 feet deep dredged to a 2-foot overdepth, and 80 feet wide from that depth in Bohicket Creek to a turning basin at Rockland, a distance of 1.45 miles. Initial dredging would be around 85,000 cubic yards. Local interests would provide a usable disposal area in the near vicinity constructed on a plot containing approximately 12 acres.

The purpose of this report is to present the effects of hurricanes on the area in the vicinity of Surfside and Garden City Beaches, South Carolina, and, if advisable, to recommend means of preventing loss of human lives and damages to property.

Little River Channel does not have the capacity to carry flood waters. It frequently overflows, damaging homes, businesses, and public properties. Some lands are not being utilized to their highest potential due to the flood threat. The problem is becoming more acute as the City of Laurens develops. The proposed plan of improvement is clearing and snagging that portion of Little River extending from South Carolina Route 37 upstream to S.C. Route 127. Channel enlargement would extend from S.C. Route 127 upstream a distance of 2.38 miles on Little River to a point 1,640 feet above confluence with Reedy Fork Creek. Channel enlargement on Reedy Fork creek would extend from its confluence with Little River upstream a distance of 5,410 feet. The improvement ends 100 feet downstream from the dike at the Laurens municipal emergency water supply pumphouse. Right-of-way requirements will vary from 250 feet in the lower reach to 230 feet in the upper reach of Little River and 200 feet on Reedy Fork Creek. There are favorable sites for a flood control structure in the upper reach of Little River. A flood control structure did not appear to be feasible during this study but will be re-evaluated in the detailed study. Local sponsors have requested that water supply be evaluated in connection with any flood control structure.

Contents: Study Authorization and Prior Reports; Digest of Public Meetings; Economic Base Study; Commerce Studies; Vessel Studies; Subsurface Investigations; Engineering Design and Cost Data; Estimated Benefits and Project Formulation., Appendices to AD-A954 659. Original contains color plates: All DTIC and NTIS reproductions will be in black and white.

The purpose of the report is to evaluate the problems of Garden City Beach with respect to beach erosion and its vulnerability to storm damage, to evaluate various alternative measures to protect against these effects, and to select and recommend the best course of action to remedy the problems., Original contains color plates: All DTIC and NTIS reproductions will be in black and white.

Channel improvement would involve the snagging and bank clearing of 44 miles of the Wateree River including the reach from the mouth to mile 40 and 4 miles of river between planned cut-offs in the general vicinity of Boykin, S.C., from river mile 40 to river mile 67.5, and dredging not less than 9,400,000 cubic yards of silt, sand, and clay from the cut-offs. Federal and non-Federal first costs and annual carrying charges are tabulated.

This memorandum is submitted for the purpose of obtaining approval of the design for the dam, spillway and river diversion works for the Wilkesboro Reservoir project so that preparation of construction plans and specifications may be initiated. The scope of the memorandum is therefore limited to (a) presenting basic data on the dam, spillway and closure, including information on foundation conditions, (b) describing the adopted project plan and giving basis of design therefore, and (c) submitting a construction schedule and detailed estimate of costs based on current prices.

This report provides appropriate discussion, estimates, drawings and a recommendation regarding a proposed change in project office building accommodations from previously recommended relocated houses (converted for office use) to commercially built prefabricatied mobile office facilities. Also proposed is a change in the location of construction facilities area and the contractor's work area, and the addition of fencing to the construction contract for the Access Roads., See also Supplement 1, AD-A954 632.

This interim report presents the engineering, economic, and environmental studies conducted to determine the advisability of modifying the existing project in partial compliance to seven congressional resolutions. Various solutions to the problems and needs of continued harbor development were analyzed. Based on the results of this analysis and demonstrated interest by private industry and local authorities, it is concluded that the most feasible plan for satisfying future harbor needs consists of deepening the existing Charleston Harbor and Shipyard River channels. Minor channel widening and improving the anchorage and turning basins to commensurate depths with the channels will be provided. Therefore, it is recommended that the existing projects for Charleston Harbor and Shipyard River, South Carolina, be modified to provide for the construction and maintenance of a 40-foot and 38-foot Federal navigation project in Charleston Harbor (Cooper River) and Shipyard River, respectively, conditional to implementation of the Cooper River Rediversion Project. If the Cooper River Rediversion Project is delayed, it is recommended that the plan of improvement be reduced to 38 feet and 35 feet, respectively, for Charleston Harbor and Shipyard river during the interim period., See also Appendices, AD-A954 660. Original contains color plates: All DTIC and NTIS reproductions will be in black and white.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the problems wtih respect to beach erosion and its vulnerability to storm damage, to evaluate various alternative measures to protect against these effects, to determine cost sharing between the Federal Government and local interest, and to select and recommend the best course of action to remedy the problems. The study area wtih which this report is concerned is Hilton Head Island and all adjacent shores.

Beresford Creek is a shallow tidal stream in the proximity fo Charleston Harbor, South Carolina. At the time the authorization was sought, Detyens Shipyard Incorporated was operating exclusively from facilities on Beresford Creek approximately 4 miles above the creek's confluence with Wando River. Numerous delays were being encountered in moving vessels to and from the shipyard awaiting a favorable tidal stage to obtain required depth. There is no other navigation on the creek experiencing difficulty. The major activity of the shipyard has since been moved to new facilities on Wando River, and the Beresford Creek yard is now used for work performed on smaller vessels. Currently only two shoals interfere with the passage of the vessels, and they will soon be removed by the corporation at a cost estimated to be just under $5,000. Since the improvement for which this study was authorized is no longer desired by local interests, it is recommended that no further study be prosecuted under this authorization. Under the circumstances described herein, there is no basis for project analysis of the type called for by Senate Resolution 148.

Shoaling in Charleston Harbor iss expected to continue resulting in maintenance dredging at the rate of 10,148,000 cubic yards annually if the average annual discharge at the Pinopolis Hydroelectric Power Plant is 15,600 cubic feet per second. Maintenance dredging costs are estimated to average $3,646,700 during the next 60-year period, 1965 to the year 2024. Sufficient prospective disposal sites appear available to accommodate this spoil material but cost will increase as the nearby disposal areas are depleted and the more distant areas are placed into use. Cutterhead pipeline dredges will remain the most efficient means of maintaining projects upstream of Shutes Folly Island and hopper dredges for those downstream from this point. Shoaling rates are related to the fresh-water inflow. A reduction of the average annual discharge at the Pinopolis Hydroelectric Power Plant to 3,000 cfs will result in a decrease in the maintenance dredging rate to 2,968,000 cubic yards annually and in the average cost over a 50-year period (1975-2024) to $1,217,300.

Contents: Basic Data; Climatology; Streamflow; Frequency Analysis; unit Hydrograph Studies; Flood Routing Procedures; Design Storms and Floods; Design Storms and Floods; Design Data for Lake, Dam and Outlet Works; Project Performance; Reservoir Regulation.

The purpose of this report is to present the basic data which have been collected concerning the flood of 9-12 August 1970 along the Yadkin River in North Carolina. This report summarizes hydrologic and other data that were readily available. Field investigations consisted of a reconnaissance of affected areas during the flood by representatives of the Charleston District Office and a flood damage survey conducted as flood waters subsided. Office studies included an evaluation of flood damages and a brief hydrologic analysis.

The purpose of this memorandum is to present the criteria used and the results of studies which provide the basis for determining channel, reservoir, spillway and outlet capacities, flowage requirements, and plan for reservoir regulation. Contents: Description of drainage area; Temperature; Wind; Humidity; Evaporation; Snowfall; Rainfall; Stream flow records; Storms; Flood flows; Flood frequency; Low flow frequency; Area-capacity curve; Unit hydrograph study; Method of analysis; Minimum loss and infiltration index; Unit hydrograph of reservoir inflow from sub-areas; Spillway design flood; Criteria for routing spillway design flood; Standard project flood; Reservoir design flood; Five-year flood routing; Easement taking line; Reservoir allocation; Selection of spillway length & surcharge elevation; Outlet; Reservoir regulation; Freeboard; Tailwater rating curve; Channel capacity; Silting of reservoir.

Soules Swamp does not have a definable channel in its lower reaches. During periods of heavy rainfall, flooding occurs due to the dense growth of timber and underbrush in the flood plain. Flooding also occurs from the backwater effect of White Marsh Swamp. The drainage area of White Marsh at its confluence with Soules Swamp is about 209 square miles. When Soules Swamp overflows, flood waters damage homes, businesses, and public properties. Frequent flooding precludes the optimum utilization of some lands. The problem is becoming more acute as Whiteville continues to develop and low lands become more attractive for development because of their proximity to the business district of Whiteville. The proposed plan of improvement consists of constructing a perimeter dike with a length of 2.35 miles and a maximum height of 8.5 feet around the southern portion of Whiteville. The eastern end of the dike adjoins the Seaboard-Coastline Railroad embankment approximately 500 feet east of the town limits. The dike forms a perimeter along the southern town limits of Whiteville and adjoins the Seaboard-Coastline Railroad embankment on the western town limit adjacent to Mollie Branch and the property of Georgia-Pacific Lumber Corporation.

This report, one of a series on damages caused by tidal flooding directly from hurricanes entering or along the coast of South Carolina, covers the Edisto and Hunting Island Beaches.

Field and Laboratory Operations; Shoal Sampling; River Bed and Bank Sampling; Erosion Studies; Shoal Studies; Shoal Surveys; Daily Tailrace Canal Sampling; Suspended Sediment and Salinity Sampling; Gaging Program; Observation of Dredging Methods; Salinity Test; Total Sediment Test; Removal of Dissolved Salts; Density (Unit Weight); Mechanical Analysis; Atterberg Limits; Specific Gravity; Flocculation Studies; Chemical Tests., Appendix A, Supplement 1 to AD-A954 655.

The topography of the island is generally flat with elevations ranging from 5 to 25 feet above mean sea level. Abbapoola, Bohicket, and Simons Creeks furnish the principal drainage outlets for the island. The capacities of existing outlets are entirely inadequate due to silting and accumulation of debris and vegetation in the channels. The proposed plan of improvement for Johns Island consist of enlargement and realignment of the existing channels. The total length of channels is paproximately 70 miles and consists of 19 individual systems. This type drainage plan is necessary because of the random type drainage pattern on the island which was brought about by the forming of various beach lines as the sea reded in recent geological times. The fact that both uraban and agricultural areas are affected was taken into the consideration when selecting design criteria. Design depth of channels would permit discharge into tidal creeks at mean low water elevation in order to provide added channel depth and grade.

Improved drainage is needed over a large part of the watershed, The flat topography pockets water and the solid become waterlogged creating acute problems to the urban developments. The present Sawmill Branch channel is not deep enough to provide adequate internal drainage. Flood water from the tributaries backs up existing drainage ditches reducing their efficiency. The proposed plan of improvement provides for channel enlargement from the outlet end at the Ashley River to Highway 17A. The enlarged channel will have a total length of approximately 9.7 miles with bottom widths varying from 60 feet to 18 feet. A cleared right-of-way will be required varying from 120 feet in the lower reach to 60 feet in the upper reach. Culverts and bridges will be modified or reconstructed to provide sufficient capacity for proper functioning of the designed channel.

Local interests request the existing 30-foot project for Shipyard River, S.C., be modified to provide for a 35-foot project and that the entrance reach be widened from 200 to 300 feet. The District Engineer finds that the existing authorized project depth is adequate for present and prospective traffic and that present navigation problems caused by insufficient depths are the result of inadequate maintenance of the existing project. He further finds that in the interests of safe and efficient navigation, widening of the access reach of the river from 200 to 300 feet is needed and justified. He recommends that no modification be made to the existing project depth, but in the interests of safe and efficient navigation the project width be increased to 300 feet in the access reach of the river, at an estimated federal first cost fo $61,300 with an increase of $6,000 annually for operation and maintenance, provided that local interests furnish all necessary rights-of-way, and assuraces that they will hold and save the United States free from damages which may results from improvement or maintenance of the project.

Shot Pouch Creek watershed is located in the upper coastal plain of South Carolina, in and near the City of Sumter in Sumter County. The drainage area is 7.7 square miles with a total length of 4.5 miles. Shot Pouch Creek is a tributary of Green Swamp and of Swan Lake. The project will reduce flooding in the Shot Pouch Creek area and decrease damages to business establishments, residential property, roads, and bridges. It will not eliminate flooding and this fact should be published annually inorder that the public will be appropriately informed. However, it does provide an adequate outlet for drainage works to be accomplished by local interests and lands that were formerly unusable may be put to some use.

The purpose of this report is to present the basic data whcih have been collected concerning the flood of 17-23 March 1966 along the Waccamaw River in Horry County, South Carolina. This report summarizes hydrologic and other dara that were readily available. Field investigations that were made consisted of a reconnaissance of critical areas during the flood by representatives of the Charleston District Office and a flood damage survey conducted after the flood subsided. Office studies included an evaluation of the flood damages and a brief hydrologic analysis.

The various plans of the government considers as possible solutions to the navigation hazards existing in Village Creek are: (1) Plan I: A channel 8 feet deep and 80 feet wide from the mouth of Village Creek, station 0 + 000, upstream to the Porpoise Fish Company terminal, station 117+50, and closure of the cutoff. The channel would be dredged to a 2-foot overdepth for advanced maintenance, would have side slopes of 4 horizontal to 1 vertical, and would follow the general alignment of the natural channel; (2) Plan I-a: The same as Plan I excluding closure of the cutoff; (3) Plan II: A channel 8 feet deep and 80 feet wide from the Porpoise Fish Company terminal, station 117+50, upstream to the Cedar Grove Fish Company, station 275+00. The channel would be dredged to a 2-foot overdepth for advanced maintenance, would have side slopes of 4 horizontal to 1 vertical, and would follow the general alignment of the natural channel; (4) Plan III: This plan, combining Plans I and II, consists of an improved channel 8 feet deep and 80 feet wide, dredged to a 2-foot overdepth for advanced maintenance, from the mouth of Village Creek, station 0+00 upstream to the Cedar Grove Fish Company terminal, station 275+00, and would include closure of the cutoff; (5) Plan III-a: The same as Plan III excluding closure of the cutoff.

This flood plain information report is based on a detailed information investigation of the flood characteristics of Jefferies Creek, Beaverdam Creek, Pye Branch, Gum Branch and Gulley Branch in the vicinity of Florence, SOuth Carolina, The major objectives of this report are: (a) to compile in a clear and useful form, information on floods and flood hazards, including areas subject to flooding; (b) to encourage optimum and prudent use of the river valley by providing state and local agencies with factual basis for reducing future flood damages and hazards through well-planned use of the flood plain; (c) to publicize available information for the guidance of private citizens and interests on the use and hazards of using the flood plain; and (d) to reduce future expenditures for the alleviation of flood problems arising from improper use of the flood plain. The findings of ths report serve only to indicate the relationship between various flood profiles and the degree of risk associated with them. The determination of the degree of rrisk allowable in development of the flood plains is the responsibility of local interests. This report contains maps, profiles and cross sections which indicate the extent of flooding that has been experienced and that which might occur in the future in the Florence area.

This 1965 report describes investigations which were made to determine the need and economic justification for flood control improvements along the entire reach of the Edisto River.

Buck Creek watershed is located along the southwestern border of Columbus County, North Carolina, and the northern boundary of Horry County, South Carolina, being about midway between the towns of Whiteville, North Carolina, and Conway, South Carolina, The drainage area comprises 54 square miles of which about 20 square miles are in North Carolina. Buck Creek, the main outlet channel, extends from about 4 miles southeast of Loris, South Carolina, to Bellamy's Landing on Waccamaw River at mile 84. The project will reduce flooding on presently cultivated lands, resulting in higher productivity of crops now grown in the basin. The reduced flooding will also decrease damages to public roads, business establishments, and timber logging operations. It will not eliminate flooding and this fact should be published annually in order that the public will be appropriately informed. However, it does provide an adequate outlet for drainage works tobe accomplished by local interests, and lands that were formerly usable may be put to some use.

Part I: Contents: Mortality of Oysters wtih references to Dredging Operations; Spawning and Setting of Oysters with reference to Dredging Operations; Observations on Weights of Oyster Meats with reference to Dredging Operations; Oyster Culture wtih reference to Spoil Disposal. One of the contractors engaged in maintenance dredging of the Intercoastal Waterway found it convenient to postpone operations in Bullyard Sound until towards the last of the work. The postponement of dredging from February to June was ideal from a standpoint of oyster investigation. The adjoining sections had been dredged and investigations made during the winter months, as have been shown previously in this report under the Dewees-Capers section. Since marine life generally shows a decided increased in activity when the water temperature increases, it was felt that during the summer months the oysters might realize a mortality from dredging not experienced during the winter months. Therefore, the opportunity to study the same oyster beds at two different seasons of the year was welcomed.

One phase of a comprehensive study being conducted by the U.S. Army Engineer District, Charleston, involves the determination of the amount of potential shoaling material being transported in suspension in the waters of the harbor and its tributaries. Parallel investigations reveal the fact that material in question is primarily composed of clay materials having colliodal characteristics. Although there are a number of test procedures in existence for determination of the concentration of suspended sediments, there is a paucity of data concerning the degree of accuracy and reproducibiliity of each. The testing program described herein was designed to produce more information in this respect. Each laboratory was instructed to test one set of replicates by the membrane filtration method described in reference 1, and to test the other set by any chosen method. The only restriction imposed was that if the chosen method involved filtration through asbestos or glass fibers, the suspended materila must first be flocculated with sodium chloride. Two of the laboratories chose to filter through glass fibers and the other two through asbestos mats ( so called Gooch crucible method). Results obtained were analysed by standard statistical procedures., See also Appendix A, Supplement 2, AD-A954 222.

The plan presented herein provides for the continued coordinated and comprehensive development and administration of the reservoir and its remaining shorelands for diversified public use and for the most beneficial land use through Fiscal Year 1976. Five public use areas have been developed with water-oriented recreational facilities. Four additional areas are scheduled for this type development. Two public service areas have been provided for, one of which has been leased to a concession-naire who has at his own expense constructed a marina offering needed servce. Additional berthing capacity as well as a restaurant, lodge and cabins are proposed for this area as needed. A second public service area has been reserved fgor future development when needed.