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The highly sluggish kinetics of oxygen reduction/evolution reactions (ORR/OER) at air cathodes lead to problems such as low power density and unsatisfactory cycling life with rechargeable Zn–air batteries (RZABs). To engineer the reaction kinetics at the air cathodes, a hydrophobic–aerophilic strategy is developed to fabricate a self‐supported air cathode based on CoS/Fe3S4 nanoparticles encapsulated in S, N co‐doped carbon plate arrays (CoS/Fe3S4@SNCP). It is experimentally shown that the in situ growth of bimetallic sulfides nanoparticles on the carbon plate arrays improves the intrinsic electrocatalytic activity and electron conduction of the air cathode. Meanwhile, the ab initio molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the hydrophobic–aerophilic surface can repel water molecules to create abundant solid–liquid–gas three‐phase reaction interfaces as well as to expose Fe‐sites, which consequently promote the diffusion of reactive molecules/ions across the interface and the oxygen adsorption. As a result, the CoS/Fe3S4@SNCP electrode exhibits excellent OER and ORR activities with a smaller potential gap of 0.65 V. For the engineered hydrophobicity of the catalyst, the RZAB demonstrates a high power density of 272 mW cm−2, a narrow discharge/charge gap of 0.75 V at 10 mA cm−2, and long‐term cycling stability over 1400 h, outperforming its hydrophilic CoS@SNCP counterparts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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MnS has been explored as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries due to its high theoretical capacity, but low electronic conductivity and severe volume change induce low reversible capacity and poor cycling performance. In this work, the nanocapsule consisting of MnS nanopolyhedrons confined in independent, closed and conductive hollow polyhedral nanospheres is prepared by embedding MnCO3 nanopolyhedrons into ZIF-67, followed by coating of RF resin and gaseous sulfurization/carbonization. Benefiting from the unique nanocapsule structure, especially inner CoS/C shell and outer pure C shell, the MnS@CoS/C@C composite as anode material presents excellent cycling performance (674 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 after 300 cycles; 481 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1 after 300 cycles) and superior rate capability (1133.3 and 650.6 mAh g−1 at 0.1 and 4 A g−1), compared to the control materials (MnS and MnS@CoS/C) and other MnS composites. Kinetics measurements further reveal a high proportion of the capacitive effect and low reaction impedance of MnS@CoS/C@C. SEM and TEM observation on the cycled electrode confirms superior structural stability of MnS@CoS/C@C during long-term cycles. Excellent lithium storage performance and the convenient synthesis strategy demonstrates that the MnS@CoS/C@C nanocapsule is a promising high-performance anode material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The approaches used for assessment and instruction are powerful indicators of learning that is valued in the field of education. They are the fundamental activities in the educational process, specifically when related to designing and science. A few educational cycles, such as workforce progress, understudy scores, position, and deep insight, are impacted by ordinary content delivery and subpar evaluation. The Specific Outcomes of the Program (PSOs) and Course Outcomes are primarily managed by these two difficulties (COs). Examining the effects of movement-based learning and assessment methodologies to complete the assigned PSOs and COs through group or individual learning is the focus of the current work. The impact size of Hattie, which affects the success of the programme and course, has been examined. Two courses that were offered to a small group of college students studying electrical engineering showed the cycle. The measurements have been made based on the impact that each impact, element, and issue have on the size of the impact. The conversation also discusses the possibility of integrating action-based learning into Indian design education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxidative stress (OS) has been considered as the main mediator of male infertility by causing abnormal sperm production and function, and, therefore, exploration of natural antioxidant has attracted a great deal of attention in human reproduction. Chitosan and its derivatives exhibit great antioxidant potential in various diseases, whereas the protective functions are not defined in spermatogenesis. Here, we show that chitosan oligosaccharide (COS), a degradation product of chitosan with a degree of polymerization of less than 10, is a strong antioxidant in spermatogonia cells. COS treatment reduces t-BHP-induced reactive oxygen species overproduction and programmed necrosis in GC-1 spg cells, and improves mitochondrial functions and cell viability by inhibiting excessive endoplasmic reticulum stress. Our findings provide novel insight into the protective role of COS in germ cell damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines, from a feminist perspective, the construction of subjectivity of the female main characters in three novels by Chilean women writers of the Generation of 1950 and the role that silence plays therein. It will explore, in particular, La brecha (1961) by Mercedes Valdivieso, Chilena, casada, sin profesión (1963) by Elisa Serrana, and La derrota (1965) by Maria Elena Gertner. The analysis begins by addressing two main questions: How are the female subjects of the novels constituted and what are the tensions and conflicts that define them? Indeed, it will ultimately try to identify what undedies said tensions and conflicts, [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Constructing core-shell heterostuctures with rationally designed nanoarchitectures and components is a promising strategy to pursuit high-efficiency energy storage and conversion in supercapacitors (SCs) and direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). Herein, a multi-dimensional MnMoO 4 @CoS core-shell heterostructure is designed and synthesized by stringing metal-organic framework-derived hollow CoS nanocages with MnMoO 4 nanorods. Such heterostructure provides more electroactive sites and enhanced structural stability. Theory calculations unveil that the work function difference between MnMoO 4 and CoS induces the charge redistribution and modulate interfacial electronic configuration in the MnMoO 4 /CoS heterojunction. Meanwhile, a interfacial built-in electrical field is established, enhancing interfacial charge transfer efficiency and promoting the surface adsorption of electrolyte ions. By integrating all these advantages, the MnMoO 4 @CoS electrode demonstrates enhanced rate capacities (933 C g−1 at 1 A g−1 and 623 C g−1 at 10 A g−1) and cycling durability (90.3 % capacity retention after 10,000 cycles) compared to bare MnMoO 4 and CoS electrodes. Moreover, the MnMoO 4 @CoS electrode exhibits an appreciable electrocatalytic performance for methanol oxidation, with a current density of 294.8 mA cm−2 at 10 mV s−1 and 96.6 % current retention after 10,000 s. Our work offers a fundamental guideline for designing and engineering core-shell heterostructures with desirable electrochemical performance for SCs and DMFCs. [Display omitted] • MnMoO 4 @CoS core-shell heterostructure is established. • ZIF-67 derived hollow CoS nanocages are strung with MnMoO 4 nanorods. • The W F difference between MnMoO 4 and CoS induces charge redistribution. • An interfacial built-in E-field accelerates interfacial charge transfer. • MnMoO 4 @CoS electrode demonstrates enhanced electrochemical performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Lanthanum loading promoted the formation of basic sites, improved lattice oxygen reaction activity, and enhanced –OH adsorption & COS activation. • La/Al 2 O 3 was able to completely convert 150 ppm of COS at 160 °C while the total H 2 S yield exceeded 99 %. • The presence of O 2 inhibited the adsorption of COS, attenuated the dissociation of H 2 O, and further oxidized the reaction intermediate HSO 3 − to SO 4 2−, resulting in catalyst deactivation. • An electron-metal-support interaction (EMSI) exists between the La and Al 2 O 3. The introduction of surface basic sites to COS hydrolysis catalysts can improve H 2 O activation and COS adsorption, leading to enhanced catalytic performance. However, maximizing the concentration of basic sites remains a challenge due to the limited exposed surface area of these catalysts. Herein, a La/Al 2 O 3 catalyst with abundant alkaline sites to catalyze the hydrolysis of COS was prepared by a simple ammonia-assisted hydrothermal method. This synthesized La/Al 2 O 3 catalyst exhibits a thin rod-like structure formed by the random accumulation of nanoparticles. Lanthanum, one of the most abundant rare earth metals, is an ideal doping aid to further promote the COS-catalyzed hydrolysis performance of Al 2 O 3. Characterization studies show that the proper lanthanum loading effectively enhances the formation of basic sites, leading to improved lattice oxygen reactivity and –OH adsorption capacity. As a result, the prepared La-loaded Al 2 O 3 nanorod sample with abundant basic sites exhibits nearly 100 % COS conversion and total H 2 S yield at 160 °C. In addition, the reaction pathways and deactivation mechanisms for selective catalytic hydrolysis of COS on the La-doped Al 2 O 3 catalyst were revealed by using in situ DRIFTS to evaluate COS adsorption and hydrolysis. Density functional theory calculations showed that La loading enhances the electron transfer between the La and Al atoms, improves the formation of basic sites, and enhances the adsorption of –OH. This study provides new insights into the design of efficient alumina-based catalysts for the catalytic hydrolysis of COS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Developed a solvent-thermal method for quasi-FeCo-MOF/CoS amorphous composites. • Enhanced electrocatalytic activity by adjusting the d-band center. • FeCo-MOF/CoS-2/FF showed low overpotentials in OER, HER, and MOR. Quasi-metal organic frameworks (quasi-MOFs) are intermediate materials between pristine MOFs and metal compounds, possessing unusual structures and properties, which makes them promising porous materials. However, their synthesis remains challenging due to the absence of reliable design strategies. Here, we propose a novel solvent-thermal synthesis strategy for preparing quasi-FeCo-MOF/CoS amorphous nanosheet composites. The strategy involves the use of high-coordination metal ions and simple organic ligands, followed by a simple solvent-thermal treatment to induce quasi-MOF formation. The formation of CoS not only transforms the original crystal structure of FeCo-MOF into amorphous nanosheets but also imparts structural stability to the composite material. Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal the catalytic mechanism, demonstrating that the introduction of CoS can adjust the d-band center of the composite material, optimizing adsorption free energy and reducing its overpotential. This method significantly enhances the electrocatalytic activity of the composite material in alkaline and neutral solutions. Notably, the optimized composite material (FeCo-MOF/CoS-2/FF) exhibits low overpotentials of 142 mV and 55 mV (at 10 mA cm−2) for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), respectively, and achieved a current density of 10 mA cm−2 with a low overpotential of 1.391 V for HER and monosaccharide oxidation (MOR) using FeCo-MOF/CoS-2/FF. This method provides new insights and perspectives for developing highly active and stable catalysts and is expected to advance the development of electrocatalytic water splitting technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Tissue-agnostic drug development provides a paradigm shift in precision medicine and requires innovative trial designs. However, outcome selection for such trials can prove challenging. The objectives of this review were to: (i) Identify and map core outcome sets (COS), across 11 immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) in order to facilitate the selection of relevant outcomes across the conditions for innovative trials of tissue-agnostic drug therapies. (ii) Compare outcomes or endpoints recommended by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA) to identify and highlight similarities and differences. Methods The Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials (COMET), International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement (ICHOM), FDA and EMA databases were searched from inception to 28th December 2019. Two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts of retrieved entries and conducted the subsequent full text screening. Hand searching of the reference lists and citation searching of the selected publications was conducted. The methodological quality of the included peer-reviewed articles was independently assessed by the reviewers based on the items of the COS–Standards for Development recommendations (COS–STAD) checklist. Core outcomes from the included publications were extracted and mapped across studies and conditions. Regulatory guidance from FDA and EMA, where available for clinical trials for the IMIDs, were obtained from their databases and recommendations on outcomes to measure directly compared. Results Forty-four COS publications were included in the final analysis. Outcomes such as disease activity, pain, fatigue, quality of life, physical function, work limitation/productivity, steroid use and biomarkers were recommended across majority of the conditions. There were significant similarities and differences in FDA and EMA recommendations. The only instance where either regulatory body directly referenced a COS was for jSLE—both referenced the Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organization (PRINTO) COS. Conclusions The findings from this systematic review provide valuable information to inform outcome selection in tissue-agnostic trials for IMIDs. There is a need for increased collaboration between regulators and COS developers and inclusion of regulators as key stakeholders in COS development to enhance the quality of COS. Trial registration Not registered.

In this article we apply the conceptual framework of affect theory to an analysis of the poems in L'animal que parla by Josep-Anton Fernàndez. Therefore, we will focus on the description of the representation of the affects and on the consequences of these representations. We explore the profile of the poetic self by investigating the literary construction of its body through its passions and feelings. As we will see, the body of L'animal que parla is located outside the law that governs permeability, passions overflow its surface, and language dominates it: «it moves it like an automaton». Through his poetic voice, Fernàndez explores the anchorings and the attachments and how the body relates to them through viscosity, a quality that, for Sarah Ahmed, also implies a transfer of affection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sensitive and accurate detection of tumor markers is significant for early diagnosis and cancer treatment, but it remains challenging. A promising solution is to integrate different detection strategies into the same sensing platform. Herein, a BiOBr0.8I0.2/CoSx nanocomposite with high photoelectrochemical (PEC) and electrochemical (EC) activity is prepared by a hydrothermal method and afterward in situ visible light irradiation. The light irradiation makes BiOBr0.8I0.2/CoS turn into BiOBr0.8I0.2/CoSx (x = 1–2), and the photocurrent thus increases by 5 times. Compared with the BiOBr0.8I0.2, the photocurrent of the composite increased by 74 times due to the formation of a heterojunction and the enhanced sensitization of CoSx. Furthermore, the nanocomposite can exhibit a high cathodic signal. Therefore, it is used to construct a PEC and EC dual-mode sensing platform for the detection of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2), by combining with the aptamer of HER2. Due to the steric hindrance of HER2, the PEC and EC signals change with HER2 concentration. Under the optimized conditions, the sensing platform shows quite low detection limits (0.31 and 1.06 pg/mL) and large linear ranges (0.001–10 and 0.005–15 ng/mL, for PEC and EC mode, respectively). It also demonstrates high selectivity, excellent stability, and good applicability. The sensing platform can also be applied to detect other markers by replacing the recognition element. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

P-CoS 1-x with S vancancy was obtained by one-step hydrothermal sulfurization and further phosphating and reduction treatment. The electrode shows a high electronic conductivity and excellent electrochemical performance and OER performance. [Display omitted] Cobalt sulfide (CoS) is a promising battery-type material for electrochemical energy storage. However, the poor conductivity and slow charge transfer kinetics as well as the deficiency of electrochemically active sites seriously limit their applications. Herein, a class of the P-doping induced hexagonal CoS nanosheets with S defects (P-CoS 1-x) derived from Co-based metal organic frameworks (MOFs) supported on carbon nanotube film (CNT) is designed and prepared. The density functional theory (DFT) simulations show the higher conductivity of the P-CoS 1-x electrode than CoS. Taking advantage of the synergistic effects of the high conductive P-CoS nanosheets with rich S defects and the flexible CNT, the P-CoS 1-x /CNT electrode exhibits a high reversible capacity of 4.3F cm−2, remarkable rate capability, and outstanding long-term cyclability. Impressively, the flexible asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) based on P-CoS 1-x //CoS@PPy achieves a satisfying energy density of 0.18 mWh cm−2 and high bending stability. The electrocatalytic result suggests that the P-CoS 1-x possesses the lowest overpotential and the smallest Tafel slope. This vacancy engineering strategy also provides a new insight into active materials and should be beneficial for the design of the next generation of energy storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is some evidence in the literature to suggest that pre‐operative counselling improves pain scores postoperatively. However, it is unclear whether pre‐operative counselling of the donor improves immediate and short‐term outcomes after living liver donation. Objectives: This systematic review aimed to investigate the available quality of evidence (QOE) of pre‐operative counselling for living donors on short term outcomes, provide expert opinion, grade recommendations and identify relevant components for Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) protocols. Data Sources: Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Central. Methods: Systematic review following PRISMA guidelines and recommendations using the GRADE approach derived from an international expert panel. Endpoints were defined by the WHOQOL‐BREF scale: physical health, psychological, social relationships, and environment. PROSPERO ID: CRD42021260677. Results: Screening of 452 records and full texts led to 12 articles matching inclusion criteria, of which one was a randomized controlled trial (RCT), and 11 were observational retrospective cohort studies. A total of 933 individuals undergoing donor hepatectomy were included, of whom only 90 received dedicated perioperative ERAS protocols. Donors that received pre‐operative counselling had fewer physical symptoms post donation, lower rates of fatigue, lower rates of pain, shorter recovery times and fewer unexpected medical problems, and less anxiety post donation. Female donors had higher affective and adverse effects scores, and 50% of donors reported adverse effects to analgesia that interfered with functional activity. Receiving information about analgesic options increased perception of care among donors. Conclusions: Providing comprehensive pre‐operative counselling to living liver donors is associated with improved short‐term outcomes after donation (QOE; moderate to low I Grade of Recommendation; Strong). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A collaborative COS conversion of Hg 0 in natural gas on the nitrogen-doped and copper oxide-supported carbon aerogel (0.9PPD-Cu/CA), which is synthesized by the p -phenylenediamine sources and carbon source of sodium alginate, was proposed to overcome the easy deactivation of the catalyst, high reaction temperature, and limited lifespan. At 40 °C, the 0.9PPD-Cu/CA presented a 100% COS conversion efficiency in the presence of H 2 O; meanwhile, the N doping realized the enhancement of basic density, leading to an improved COS conversion, and the intermediates H 2 S in the reaction were wholly adsorbed, implying that 0.9PPD-Cu/CA was a bifunctional carbon material. Furthermore, the Hg 0 addition achieved a synergistic performance as well as higher COS yield and a significant lifetime period, in which the sulfur immediate could have a high reactive activity for Hg 0 and the sulfate proportion would be alleviated as well. Subsequently, the catalyst poisoning would be alleviated after the protection of the collaborative process by strengthening the electron transfer, consuming the sulfur-based products, and accelerating the cleavage of the H-S bond. Finally, the synergetic mechanism on COS and Hg 0 on 0.9PPD-Cu/CA was concluded according to the experimental results and sample analysis. Additionally, the effects of space velocity and the regeneration performance were explored.

Chitooligosaccharides (COS) have attracted attention from industry and academia in various fields due to their diverse bioactivities. However, their conventional chemical production is environmentally unfriendly and in addition, defined and pure molecules are both scarce and expensive. A promising alternative is the in vivo synthesis of desired COS in microbial platforms with specific chitin synthases enabling a more sustainable production. Hence, we examined the whole cell factory approach with two well-established microorganisms—Escherichia coli and Corynebacterium glutamicum—to produce defined COS with the chitin synthase NodC from Rhizobium sp. GRH2. Moreover, based on an in silico model of the synthase, two amino acids potentially relevant for COS length were identified and mutated to direct the production. Experimental validation showed the influence of the expression system, the mutations, and their combination on COS length, steering the production from originally pentamers towards tetramers or hexamers, the latter virtually pure. Possible explanations are given by molecular dynamics simulations. These findings pave the way for a better understanding of chitin synthases, thus allowing a more targeted production of defined COS. This will, in turn, at first allow better research of COS’ bioactivities, and subsequently enable sustainable large-scale production of oligomers.

Aquest article pretén analitzar la representació del cos en el llibre de poesia L’animal que parla (2021) de Josep-Anton Fernàndez. El tema central del poemari és l’experiència de la parla, i els efectes de la paraula en el cos i en les emocions així com l’exploració dels límits del llenguatge. Per a l’anàlisi partim del marc conceptual de les teories afectives i de la idea de cos entès com un límit variable i permeable regulat culturalment (Butler, 1999). Els orificis i superfícies, es revelen als poemes de Fernàndez com a mitjà per relacionar-se amb l’alteritat i aquest desdibuixament dels límits, aquesta permeabilitat no regulada, esdevé un espai de gaudi però també un lloc de contaminació i perill. També proposem, des d’un punt de vista metodològic, incorporar el cos com a eina de recerca acadèmica i com a part del procés d’investigació hem elaborat mapes corporals com a eina per a la recollida de dades (Peluso, 2020). Com veurem, en els poemes de L’animal que parla, “la passió desborda les paraules/ i raja oberta contaminada de cos”, i aquesta mateixa passió “reclama/ un tall” per on s’escriu el mateix text poètic, un “document/ amb llenguatge de carn”.