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110. Vines of different capacity and water status alter the sensory perception of Cabernet Sauvignon wines

Author

Hickey, Cain Charles, Horticulture, Wolf, Tony K., Zoecklein, Bruce W., Seiler, John R., and Balota, Maria

Subjects
stem water potential, photosynthesis, water use efficiency, vegetative growth, vine capacity, food and beverages, phenols, grape, berry size, anthocyanins, cluster exposure, grapevine, sensory analysis, triangle difference test, fruit composition, crop load, wine
Abstract

Reducing disease and increasing fruit quality in vigorous vineyards with dense canopies is demanding of time and resources; unfortunately, vineyards of this nature are common in humid environments. This study investigated the effectiveness with which vine capacity and water status could be regulated as well as if they related to fruit quality and wine sensory perception. The treatments regulating vine size and water status were under-trellis groundcover, root manipulation, rootstocks, and irrigation. Treatments were arranged in a strip-split-split plot design before the introduction of the irrigation treatment resulted in incomplete replication in each block. Treatment levels were under-trellis cover crop (CC) compared to under-trellis herbicide (Herb); root restriction bags (RBG) compared to no root manipulation (NRM); three compared rootstocks (101-14, 420-A, riparia Gloire); low water stress (LOW) compared to high water stress (HIGH). Vines grown with RBG and CC regulated vegetative growth more so than conventional treatments, resulting in 56% and 23% greater cluster exposure flux availability (CEFA). High water stress (HIGH) and RBG reduced stem water potential and discriminated less against 13C. Vines grown with RBG and CC consistently reduced harvest berry weight by 17 and 6% compared to conventional treatments. Estimated phenolics were consistently increased by RBG and were correlated with berry weight, vine capacity and CEFA. Sensory attributes were significantly distinguishable between wines produced from vines that differed in both vine capacity and water status, amongst other responses. Treatments have been identified that can alter the sensory perception of wines, with the potential to improve wine quality. Master of Science

Published
2012

111. E-Commerce And The Filtration Industry

Author

Hallsby, Anders and Cain, Charles

Subjects
Forrester Research Inc. -- Reports -- Services -- Finance, Electronic commerce -- Finance -- Services, Online services -- Finance -- Services, Filtration -- Services -- Reports, Electronic commerce, Cable television/data services, Company financing, Online services, Business, Fashion, accessories and textiles industries
Abstract

A real work report on the challenges and opportunities for the filtration industry as it embraces e-commerce The only constant in the business world is change. The need to adapt [...]

Published
2001

118. Prostate Histotripsy in an Anticoagulated Canine Model

Author

Wheat, Jeffery C., Hall, Timothy L., Hempel, Christopher R., Cain, Charles A., Xu, Zhen, and Roberts, William W.

Subjects
Male, Dogs, Ultrasonic Therapy, Prostate, Animals, Anticoagulants, Hemorrhage, Warfarin, Article
Abstract

To further explore the phenomenon of minimal bleeding after histotripsy by performing extensive prostate histotripsy treatments in anticoagulated canines. Histotripsy is a noninvasive ultrasound technology which induces microbubble formation (cavitation) within tissues producing mechanical tissue fractionation. During initial in vivo feasibility canine studies of prostate ablation, minimal hematuria was observed.Histotripsy was performed on 9 canine subjects pretreated with 6 mg of oral warfarin for 3-5 days using an extracorporeal 750 kHz therapeutic ultrasound transducer delivering acoustic pulses to the prostatic urethra and periurethral parenchyma. After 7-28 days, the subjects were euthanized, transrectal prostate ultrasound was performed, and the prostate was harvested. Serum hemoglobin and International Normalization Ratio were measured immediately before histotripsy treatment and at euthanasia.Mean treatment International Normalization Ratio was 4.6 (median, 2.4; range, 1.2-11.3). There was no clinically significant change in hemoglobin concentration at euthanasia compared with baseline. At harvest, histologic sections of the prostate revealed a large cavity corresponding to the planned treatment volume incorporating the prostatic urethra and parenchyma in all subjects. Urine was clear within 2 days of treatment, and no blood clots were seen.Despite therapeutic and supratherapeutic anticoagulation, histotripsy resulted in minimal bleeding despite significant fractionation and tissue debulking of the prostate. These results have prompted further studies to understand the mechanism of nonthermal hemostasis underlying histotripsy.

Published
2009

140. Fiduciary duty of corporate insider.

Author

Cain, Charles Lee and Murray, James P.

Subjects
Insider trading in securities, Lazenby v. Godwin (253 S.E.2d 489 (N.C. 1979)), Stone v. McClam (257 S.E.2d 78 (N.C. 1979))
Published
1980

143. Contracts.

Author

Cain, Charles Lee and Murray, James P.

Subjects
Contracts, Unconscionable
Published
1980

150. MR-based detection of individual histotripsy bubble clouds formed in tissues and phantoms.

Author

Allen, Steven P., Hernandez‐Garcia, Luis, Cain, Charles A., and Hall, Timothy L.

Abstract

Purpose To demonstrate that MR sequences can detect individual histotripsy bubble clouds formed inside intact tissues. Methods A line-scan and an EPI sequence were sensitized to histotripsy by inserting a bipolar gradient whose lobes bracketed the lifespan of a histotripsy bubble cloud. Using a 7 Tesla, small-bore scanner, these sequences monitored histotripsy clouds formed in an agar phantom and in vitro porcine liver and brain. The bipolar gradients were adjusted to apply phase with k-space frequencies of 10, 300 or 400 cm−1. Acoustic pressure amplitude was also varied. Cavitation was simultaneously monitored using a passive cavitation detection system. Results Each image captured local signal loss specific to an individual bubble cloud. In the agar phantom, this signal loss appeared only when the transducer output exceeded the cavitation threshold pressure. In tissues, bubble clouds were immediately detected when the gradients created phase with k-space frequencies of 300 and 400 cm−1. When the gradients created phase with a k-space frequency of 10 cm−1, individual bubble clouds were not detectable until many acoustic pulses had been applied to the tissue. Conclusion Cavitation-sensitive MR-sequences can detect single histotripsy bubble clouds formed in biologic tissue. Detection is influenced by the sensitizing gradients and treatment history. Magn Reson Med 76:1486-1493, 2016. © 2015 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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