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Current guidelines for obesity treatment recommend reducing daily caloric intake for weight loss. However, long-term weight loss continues to be an issue in obesity management. Alternative weight loss strategies have increased in popularity, such as intermittent energy restriction (IER), a type of eating pattern with periods of fasting alternating with unrestricted eating. The effects of IER on weight loss, cardiovascular risk factors, inflammation, and appetite are not clear. The purpose of this systematic review was to analyze short- (2 were included in this review. A total of 42 articles (reporting on 27 different RCTs) were included. In short-term studies, IER showed pre-to-post treatment improvements in eight of nine studies that assessed weight. Weight outcomes were sustained in the long-term. However, no significant long-term between group differences were observed in fat mass, other anthropometric, cardiometabolic, inflammatory, or appetite outcomes. Compared to continuous energy restriction (CER), IER showed no significant long-term differences in anthropometric, cardiometabolic, inflammatory, or appetite outcomes in included studies. More long-term studies are needed to assess the benefits of IER on health outcomes.

Hypothesis: In our clinical study, the stages of pregnancy were independent variables, and the measured change of sensitivity in selected skin areas was the dependent variable. The research hypothesis that the threshold electric skin sensitivity (TESS) fluctuates was based on our previously published research, where the null hypothesis was rejected in similar conditions. Methods: TESS was measured repeatedly in short intervals on the abdomen and right forearm of pregnant and not pregnant women. Results: A statistically very significant change of TESS fluctuation was found between not pregnant and pregnant women in different stages of pregnancy, labor, and postpartum. In the midline above the navel, the TESS fluctuates with similar frequency like intestinal peristalsis and that may reflect on the functional state of the bowels. In both lateral areas of the lower abdomen in not pregnant women and in early pregnancy, we found only minimal TESS fluctuations. They gradually increased until the beginning of labor and then decreased postpartum. In midline above the pubic symphysis, moderate TESS fluctuation in not pregnant women gradually increased during pregnancy, until the beginning of labor and decreased postpartum. TESS fluctuation during labor was not synchronous with recorded uterine contractions. Only minimal TESS fluctuation on the right forearm never changed significantly. Conclusion: TESS fluctuation in midline abdomen may be related to bowel peristaltic motility. In the lateral abdomen and above symphysis, it may be related to uterus activity. TESS measurement in referral pain skin area could be used for functional monitoring of internal organ in the corresponding viscerotome. The measurement of TESS in skin areas and recording fluctuations graphically as an electrosensitogram, could have diagnostic value. As a new noninvasive diagnostic method, electrosensitography could help us better understand the gastrointestinal organ function.

Supplemental Material, sj-pdf-1-brn-10.1177_10998004221078079 for Intermittent Energy Restriction for Weight Loss: A Systematic Review of Cardiometabolic, Inflammatory and Appetite Outcomes by Xueting Wei, Ashley Cooper, Irene Lee, Christine A. Cernoch, Ginny Huntoon, Brandi Hodek, Hanna Christian and Ariana M. Chao in Biological Research For Nursing

Sprachliche Interferenzen sind sowohl im Berufsleben als auch während der Ausbildung von Dolmetschern und Dolmetscherinnen ein allgegenwärtiges Phänomen, mit dem sich Betroffene bei nahezu jedem Einsatz konfrontiert sehen. Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht sprachliche Interferenzen beim simultanen Konferenzdolmetschen aus einer sprachübergreifenden, vergleichenden Perspektive im Hinblick auf Unterschiede in Art und Häufigkeit zwischen den zwei unterschiedlichen Sprachenpaaren. Als Untersuchungsgegenstand dienen offizielle deutsche und tschechische Verdolmetschungen britischer und irischer Redebeiträge in englischer Sprache aus einer Plenarsitzung des Europäischen Parlaments. Zum ersten Mal werden dabei Verdolmetschungen derselben Ausgangstexte in zwei Zielsprachen unter-sucht. Im Rahmen einer Korpusanalyse unter Zuhilfenahme einer Bewertungsstudie und unter Anwendung einer eigens erarbeiteten Interferenztypologie werden Interferenzerscheinungen verschiedener Typen identifiziert, klassifiziert und ihre Auswirkung auf das Verständnis der Zieltexte ermittelt, wobei die Analyse stets sprachenvergleichend verläuft. Sprachspezifische Unterschiede zeigen sich vor allem in der Art der Auffälligkeiten. Sind es im deutschen Korpus überwiegend lexikalische Interferenzen, treten im tschechischen Korpus auch viele morphosyntaktische Interferenzen auf. Die Häufigkeit scheint kein unterscheidendes Merkmal zu sein. Zudem wird bei der Analyse deutlich, dass ein beträchtlicher Teil der ermittelten Auffälligkeiten in beiden Sprachen denselben Ursprung im Ausgangstext hat. Möglicherweise spielen neben der sprachenpaarspezifischen Interferenzanfälligkeit auch Faktoren wie die strukturelle Beschaffenheit, der Inhalt, die Schnelligkeit oder Güte der Darbietung des Ausgangstextes als Fehlerquelle eine wichtige Rolle. Aus den Ergebnissen sowohl der Korpusanalyse als auch der Befragung ist daneben herauszulesen, dass vergleichsweise wenige Stellen mit interferenzbedingter Auffälligkeit schwerwiegendere Verständnisprobleme zur Folge haben., Linguistic interference is a ubiquitous phenomenon both in professional life and throughout the interpreters' training, confronting those involved in almost every assignment. The pre-sent thesis examines linguistic interference in simultaneous conference interpreting from a cross-linguistic, comparative perspective with regard to differences in type and frequency across two language pairs. The objects of study are official German and Czech interpreta-tions of British and Irish speeches from a plenary session of the European Parliament. For the first time, interpreting of the same source texts into two target languages is investigat-ed. Within the framework of a corpus analysis supported by an evaluation study and by using a customized interference typology, different interference phenomena are identified, cate-gorized and their effect on the comprehension of the target texts is determined, with the analysis always being conducted on a language-comparative basis. Language-specific differences are primarily found in the type of interference phe-nomena. While in the German corpus lexical interference is predominant, the Czech corpus also contains many morphosyntactic interferences. Frequency does not seem to be a distin-guishing feature. Moreover, the analysis reveals that a considerable number of the interfer-ences identified in both languages have the same origin in the source text. Thus, it seems possible that, in addition to language pair-specific interference susceptibility, factors such as the structural nature, content, speed or quality of presentation of the source text play an important role as sources of error. From the results of both the corpus analysis and the sur-vey it can be seen that relatively few passages with interference-related conspicuity result in more serious comprehension problems.

While the long-term evolution of disease behavior in Crohn's disease has been well described in the pre-anti-TNF era, our knowledge thereon remains scarce after the introduction of anti-TNF.Our investigation examined the long-term evolution of disease concerning Montreal classification's B-stages over time in patients enrolled into the Swiss IBD Cohort Study between 2006 and 2017.We analyzed prospectively collected SIBDCS data using a Markov model and multivariate testing for effects of treatment and other confounders on B-stage migration over time. The primary outcome was a transition in disease behavior from B1 to either B2 or pB3, or from B2 to pB3, respectively.The 10- and 15-year probability of remaining in B1 was 0.61 and 0.48, as opposed to a probability to migrate to B2 or B3 of 0.25 or 0.14, and 0.32 or 0.2, after 10 and 15 years, respectively. In multivariate testing, the hazard ratio for migrating from B1 to pB3 (HR 0.27) and from B2 to pB3 (HR 0.12) was lower in patients 40 years compared to patients 17 years. We found that immunosuppression (HR 0.38) and treatment with anti-TNF for 1 year (HR 0.30) were associated with a decreased likelihood of transitioning from stage B1 to pB3.While in the anti-TNF era most patients with Crohn's disease will eventually develop stricturing and/or penetrating complications, our data indicate that immunosuppressive and anti-TNF treatment for more than 1 year reduce the risk of transitioning from stage B1 to pB3 in the long-term run.