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Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Orientations and landmarks of zhang forked blade for the geometric morphometric analysis. Fig. S2. The typical zhang forked blade for comparison. A Sanxingdui Type 1B; B Sanxingdui Type 1C; C Sanxingdui Type 1D; D Sanxingdui Type 2B; E SanxingduiType 2C; F Sanxingdui pit K1-2 ge blade; G Yanshi-Shangluo, Henan; H Shimao, Shaanxi; I Simatai, Shandong; J Southeast coast; K Vietnam. Table S1. Jade zhang forked blade and ge blade fromSanxingdui pit K1-2[1] involved in geometric morphometrics analysis. Table S2. Jade zhang forked blade from other localitions involved in geometric morphometrics analysis.

This dissertation focuses on developing tools to study the robust forward invariance of sets for systems with unknown disturbances and hybrid dynamics. In particular, the notions of robust forward invariance properties are proposed for hybrid dynamical systems modeled by differential and difference inclusions with state-depending conditions enabling flows and jumps. A set is said to enjoy robust forward invariance for a system when its solutions start within the set always stay in the set regardless of disturbances. These proposed notions allow for a diverse type of solutions (with and without disturbances), including solutions that have persistent flow and jumps, that are Zeno, and that stop to exist after finite amount of (hybrid) time. Moreover, sufficient conditions for sets to enjoy such properties are presented. The proposed conditions involve the system data and the set to be rendered robust forward invariant.Furthermore, such conditions are exploited to derive conditions guaranteeing that sublevel sets of Lyapunov-like functions are robust forward invariant and, in turn, inspired a constructive way to design invariance-based control algorithms for a class of hybrid systems with control inputs and disturbances. More precisely, when a hybrid system have a Lyapunov-like function V satisfying a set of specific conditions, existence of feedback laws that render sublevel sets of V robustly forward invariant for the closed-loop hybrid systems are presented. In addition, two selection theorems are proposed to design invariance-based controllers for the class of hybrid systems considered.Applications and academic examples are given to illustrate the results. In particular, the presented forward invariance analysis and design tools are applied to the design and validate of hybrid controllers for power conversion systems, specifically, a single-phase DC/AC inverter and a DC/DC boost converter. Moreover, results are applied to the estimation of weakly forward invariant sets, which is an invariance property of interest when employing invariance principles to study convergence properties of solutions. Finally, the developed algorithms are tested on the control of a constrained bouncing ball system.

The actual incidence of carbon dioxide embolism during transanal total mesorectal excision (taTME) is unknown, but the reported incidence in the existing literature is reassuring. However, the incidence of CO2 embolism, which can be life-threatening, is severely underestimated. By reviewing the available data on carbon dioxide embolism during taTME and synthesizing other reports on CO2 embolism in laparoscopic procedures, we provide the first comprehensive account of the etiology, pathophysiology, and recommend tools to monitor carbon dioxide embolism during taTME. Additionally, we provide guidance and recommendations on preventive and therapeutic measures to minimize the adverse consequences of this potentially severe complication, knowledge about which we hope will improve patients’ safety.

The discharge in a full flow regime represents the discharge capacity of a vertical pipe, and the Darcy–Weisbach friction factor () is an important variable to calculate discharge. Since all existing equations for contain the Reynolds number (Re), it is problematic if the velocity is unknown. In this study, the performance of existing equations collected from studies on vertical pipes is assessed, and an approximation for the of vertical pipes in the full flow regime, without Re, is proposed. The performance of the Brkić and Praks equation is the best, with a maximum relative error (MRE) of 0.003% (extremely accurate). The MRE of the new approximation is 0.43%, and its assessment level is very accurate. This work is expected to provide a reference for the design and investigation of the drainage of vertical pipes.

Numerous studies and monitoring data indicate that fine particle (PM2.5) pollution in China is still comparatively severe. Given the sparse and uneven distribution of air quality monitoring base stations established in China and the limitation of geographical conditions, inversion of aerosol optical depth by satellite remote sensing can achieve low-cost air quality monitoring in global areas. In this study, we use the machine learning algorithm XGBoost to build a prediction model to achieve nationwide average PM2.5 concentration prediction. Meanwhile, we used aerosol data from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) in a specific band, combined with a land use regression (LUR) model as predictors of surface PM2.5 concentrations in China, for the period Dec. 2019-Nov. 2021. In order to provide more accurate PM2.5 concentration prediction, the correspondence between PM2.5 and aerosol optical depth (AOD) under different seasons was studied. The coefficients of determination (R2) for different seasons are 0.86 (spring), 0.80 (summer), 0.90 (autumn), and 0.88 (winter), indicating that the fit is best for autumn and worse for summer. The study shows the potential usefulness of using the LUR model with the XGBoost algorithm for predictive assessment of PM2.5 spatial distribution.

Studied the optimum extraction process of polysaccharide from Phaeoporus obliquus and the effect of Phaeoporus obliquus polysaccharide on carbon tetrachloride (CCl