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Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have exhibited potential for treating multiple inflammation- related diseases (IRDs) due to their easy acquisition, unique immunomodulatory and tissue repair properties, and immune-privileged characteristics. It is worth mentioning that MSCs release a wide array of soluble bioactive components in the secretome that modulate host innate and adaptive immune responses and promote the resolution of inflammation. As the first line of defense, macrophages exist throughout the entire inflammation process. They continuously switch their molecular phenotypes accompanied by complementary functional regulation ranging from classically activated pro-inflammatory M1-type (M1) to alternatively activated anti-inflammatory M2-type macrophages (M2). Recent studies have shown that the active intercommunication between MSCs and macrophages is indispensable for the immunomodulatory and regenerative behavior of MSCs in pharmacological cell therapy products. In this review, we systematically summarized the emerging capacities and detailed the molecular mechanisms of the MSC-derived secretome (MSC-SE) in immunomodulating macrophage polarization and preventing excessive inflammation, providing novel insights into the clinical applications of MSC-based therapy in IRD management., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

Introduction: Falls from height (FFH) accidents can devastate families and individuals. Currently, the best way to prevent falls from heights is to wear personal protective equipment (PPE). However, traditional manual checking methods for safety hazards are inefficient and difficult to detect and eliminate potential risks., Methods: To better detect whether a person working at height is wearing PPE or not, this paper first applies field research and Python crawling techniques to create a dataset of people working at height, extends the dataset to 10,000 images through data enhancement (brightness, rotation, blurring, and Moica), and categorizes the dataset into a training set, a validation set, and a test set according to the ratio of 7:2:1. In this study, three improved YOLOv5s models are proposed for detecting PPE in construction sites with many open-air operations, complex construction scenarios, and frequent personnel changes. Among them, YOLOv5s-gnconv is wholly based on the convolutional structure, which achieves effective modeling of higher-order spatial interactions through gated convolution (gnConv) and cyclic design, improves the performance of the algorithm, and increases the expressiveness of the model while reducing the network parameters., Results: Experimental results show that YOLOv5s-gnconv outperforms the official model YOLOv5s by 5.01%, 4.72%, and 4.26% in precision, recall, and mAP_0.5, respectively. It better ensures the safety of workers working at height., Discussion: To deploy the YOLOv5s-gnConv model in a construction site environment and to effectively monitor and manage the safety of workers at height, we also discuss the impacts and potential limitations of lighting conditions, camera angles, and worker movement patterns., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Chen, Li, Wen and Hu.)

Background: Keratinocyte growth factor-2 (KGF-2) has been testified to be a multifunctional growth factor, which can stimulate the regeneration and reconstruction of epidermis, corium and mucosa. Its effect on Crohn's disease has hitherto not been evaluated. Here, we investigated the preventive and therapeutic actions of STEA, a mutant of human KGF-2 with high activity, on trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced rat model of Crohn's disease., Methods: Rats with TNBS-induced colitis were treated with STEA and clinical scores were evaluated. Body weight, mortality, macroscopic and microscopic damage of the colonic tissue were examined. The levels of inflammatory cytokines in serum were detected by ELISA, the T cell subpopulations and the cell cycle of intestinal epithelial cells were analyzed by flow cytometry., Results: Both preventive and therapeutic administration of STEA significantly ameliorated body weight loss, diarrhea, and intestinal inflammation, reduced the high mortality and histopathologic damage of rats with TNBS-induced colitis. The serum level of inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-γ and IL-6 were markedly decreased in colitis rats treated with STEA. The CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in peripheral blood were reduced with STEA administration at early stage of colitis. In addition, STEA treatment could promote the growth of intestinal epithelial cells by increasing the cell proportion in S phase of cell cycle and inhibiting cell apoptosis., Conclusions: Both preventive and therapeutic administration of STEA could ameliorate the colonic damages in rats with TNBS-induced colitis. STEA might be a promising option for the treatment of Crohn's disease.

Background: Tumor metastasis is a multistep process with many genes involved in. A novel gene MAG-1, identified by suppression subtractive hybridization from lung cancer cells was found to be associated with tumor metastasis. The aims of this work are to investigate the metastasis related effects of MAG-1 on human lunggiant-cell line PLA801, and to compare the expression rate of MAG-1 in cancer tissue from lung cancer patients with different metastatic status., Methods: Sense and anti-sense expressing vectors of MAG-1 were constructed and transfected into PLA801C and PLA801D respectively. Colony forming, adherence assay, MTT assay and Transwell experiments were used to evaluate the alterations of clone forming, cell-matrix adherence, proliferating and invasion of the stable transfected cell strains. Western blot was employed to detect the proteins levels of CD44, and MMP-2 in cell strains and mRNA state of MAG-1 in lung cancer tissue from patients with or without pathological metastasis were also analyzed by RTPCR., Results: MAG-1 could increase cell-ECM (Extracellular Matrix) adhesive capacity, promote invasion, enhance cell proliferation and had no effects on clone forming ability of PLA801 cells in soft agar. MAG-1 was also found have positive effects on the protein level of CD44 and MMP-2 in PLA801 cells, and the detection rate of MAG-1 mRNA was much higher in cancer tissue from metastatic patients (7/12) than that in non-metastatic patients (2/12)., Conclusions: MAG-1 could promote lung cancer metastasis and might be a metastasis associated gene of lung cancer.

Background: Both tumor proliferation and metastasis are multistep processes with many genes involved. A novel gene MAG-2, which may have close correlation with lung cancer metastasis, was identified in our lab through approach of suppression subtractive hybridization using lung cancer cell strains with same origin but different metastatic potential as models. The objective of our works presented here is to investigate the proliferation related effects of MAG-2 on human lung-giant-cell line PLA801, and to explore the underlying molecular mechanism., Methods: Sense and anti-sense expressing vector of MAG-2 were constructed and transfected into PLA801C and D cell respectively and the change of expressing levels of target gene in stable transfected cell strains was assayed by RT-PCR. The alteration in terms of proliferation and cytoplasm Ca(2+) of the stable transfected cell strains and vector controls were tested by the methods of MTT and Fluo-3-Am staining. The proteins levels of p53 and mRNA levels of PCNA of different cell strains were analyzed by Western blot and RT-PCR., Results: The stable transfected cell strains of CMAG2+, DMAG2- and their vector controls Cvector and Dvector were obtained. The MAG-2 mRNA levels of CMAG2+ and DMPAG2- were 7 and 0.6 times higher or lower comparing those of vector controls. MAG-2 could increase the mRNA level of PCNA and down-regulated the p53 protein in PLA801C strain. In consistent with PCNA's mRNA elevating, the proportion of S-phase cell in the mass was also increased. But the significant difference was not observed on MTT assay between CMAG2+ and its control, the reason might be due to the mutated p53, which had strong proliferation promoting effects, was also down-regulated by MAG-2's over-expression in PLA801C, and the levels of cytoplasm calcium in CMAG2+ had 1.05 times more than that of vector control. As to the PLA801D strain, the decreased expression of MAG-2 result in lower level of cytoplasm calcium (0.64 time of control's) and the cell proliferation was also restrained by means of MTT assay., Conclusions: MAG-2 has taken part in the proliferation regulation of lung cancer cells PLA801, and the mechanism of its proliferation-related function maybe lie in its effects on cytoplasmic free calcium.

A method for multi-residue analysis of beta2-agonists, mabuterol, terbutaline, carbuterol, clenbuterol, cimaterol, salbutamol, clenpenterol, isoxsuprine, bambuterol and ractopamine in animal tissues using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, based on isotope dilution and solid phase extraction has been developed. The homogenized sample was spiked with isotope-labeled internal standards, D9-clenbuterol, D3-salbutamol and D5-ractopamine, extracted with anhydrous alcohol, defatted using hexane, and cleaned-up on an SLS cartridge, and derivatized with N, O-bis (trimethylsilyl) trifluoro acetamide (BSTFA) + 1% trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS). The experimental results indicated that the recoveries were 72.8%-110.3%, and the relative standard deviations were 1.2%-11.3% in blank samples spiked with the above mentioned agonists at 2.0-10.0 microg/kg, and the corresponding detection limits were 0.5-1.0 micro/kg.