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The purpose of the dummy high-speed airdrop test is to evaluate the maximum overload on the human body during the process of opening the parachute. Due to the poor repeatability and high cost of the test, it is necessary to establish a calculation model to provide theoretical basis for the system design. Based on impulse theorem, the maximum dummy overload calculation model is established to calculate the maximum dummy overlord quickly under a certain airdrop condition. The typical high-speed airdrop system is selected as the instance to conduct the system simulation based on multi-body dynamics. The key parameters of the calculation model are determined by simulation results, and the mathematical expressions of the maximum dummy overlord calculation model are given. The results show that the calculation model can quickly and effectively determine the maximum dummy overlord, evaluate the safety of the life-saving parachute system, and has high engineering application value.

Objective To investigate the application value of umbilical cord blood inflammatory markers in neonatal pulmonary infectious diseases. Methods Samples of umbilical cord blood from the women with gestational age between 34 weeks and 42 weeks during delivery in our hospital were enrolled from Jane 2018 to September 2019. Thirty-nine samples were assigned into case group, with the neonates with high risk signs of maternal infection, respiratory distress and respiratory support within 24 h after birth, and another 40 samples from normal neonates without any signs of maternal infection and being healthy after birth were assigned into control group (40 cases). All blood samples were tested for the levels of neutrophils CD64 and inflammatory factors, including IL-2R, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α and IL-6. The case group was further divided into pulmonary edema subgroup and non-pulmonary edema subgroup, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) subgroup and non-ARDS subgroup. The levels of inflammatory markers were analyzed and compared between the groups and subgroups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and the area under the curve (AUC) were used to assess their values. Results The levels of IL-2R, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly higher in the case group than the control group (P < 0.05), but no obvious difference was seen in the level of CD64 between them (P > 0.05). The levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in the pulmonary edema subgroup were notably higher than those in the non-pulmonary edema subgroup (P < 0.05). The ARDS subgroup had statistically higher TNF-α and IL-2R levels when compared with the non-ARDS subgroup (P < 0.05). Conclusion For the near-term and full-term neonates with high risk of intrauterine infection, inflammatory markers in the umbilical cord blood are expected to be early warning markers of neonatal pulmonary infectious diseases. TNF-α and IL-6 have clinical value in the early estimation of pulmonary edema, and TNF-α and IL-2R have the potential for ARDS.

Considering at the robotic management for tomato plants in the greenhouse, it is necessary to identify the stem, leaf and fruit with the similar color from the broad-band visible image. In order to highlight the difference between the target and background, and improve the identification efficiency, the multiple narrow-band image fusion method for identifying the tomato’s three similar-colored organs, including stem, leaf, and green fruit, was proposed, based on the spectral features of these organs. According to the 300-1000 nm spectral data of three organs, the regularized logistic regression model with Lasso for distinguishing their spectral characteristic was built. Based on the sparse solution of the model’s weight coefficients, the wavelengths 450, 600 and 900 nm with the maximum coefficients were determined as the optimal imaging band. The multi-spectral image capturing system was designed, which could output three images of optimal bands from the same view-field. The relationship between the organs’ image gray and their spectral feature was analyzed, and the optimal images could accurately show the organs’ reflection character at the various band. In order to obtain more significant distinctions, the weighted-fusion method based NSGA-II was proposed, which was supposed to combine the organ’s difference in the optimal band image. The algorithm’s objective function was defined to maximize the target-background difference and minimize the background-background difference. The coefficients obtained were adopted as the linear fusion factors for the optimal band images.Finally, the fusion method was evaluated based on intuitional and quantitative indexes, respectively considering the one among stem, leaf and green fruit as target, and the other two as the backgrounds. As the result showed, compared with the single optimal band image, the fused image greatly intensified the difference between the similar-colored target and background, and restrained the difference among the background. Specifically, the sum of absolute difference (SAD) was used to describe the grey value difference between the various organs, and the fusion result images’ SAD between the target and the background raised to 2.02, 8.63 and 7.89 times than the single band images. The Otsu automatic segmentation algorithm could respectively obtain the recognition accuracy of 71.14%, 60.32% and 98.32% for identifying the stem, leaf and fruit on the fusion result image. The research was supposed as a reference for the identification on similar-colored plant organs under agricultural condition.

Obesity is often accompanied by hypertension. Although a large number of studies have confirmed that NLRP3 inhibitors can improve cardiac remodeling in mice with a normal diet, it is still unclear whether NLRP3 inhibitors can improve heart failure (HF) induced by pressure overload in obese mice. The purpose of this study was to explore the role of MCC950, a selective NLRP3 inhibitor, on HF in obese mice and its metabolic mechanism. Obese mice induced with a 10-week high-fat diet (HFD) were used in this study. After 4 weeks of HFD, transverse aortic constriction (TAC) surgery was performed to induce a HF model. MCC950 (10 mg/kg, once/day) was injected intraperitoneally from 2 weeks after TAC and continued for 4 weeks. After echocardiography examination, we harvested left ventricle tissues and performed molecular experiments. The results suggest that in obese mice, MCC950 can significantly improve cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis caused by pressure overload. MCC950 ameliorated cardiac inflammation after TAC surgery and promoted M2 macrophage infiltration in the cardiac tissue. MCC950 not only restored fatty acid uptake and utilization by regulating the expression of CD36 and CPT1β but also reduced glucose uptake and oxidation via regulating the expression of GLUT4 and p-PDH. In addition, MCC950 affected the phosphorylation of AKT and AMPK in obese mice with HF. In summary, MCC950 can alleviate HF induced by pressure overload in obese mice via improving cardiac metabolism, providing a basis for the clinical application of NLRP3 inhibitors in obese patients with HF.

Genome walking is a method used to retrieve unknown flanking DNA. Here, we reported wristwatch (WW) PCR, an efficient genome walking technique mediated by WW primers (WWPs). WWPs feature 5′- and 3′-overlap and a heterologous interval. Therefore, a wristwatch-like structure can be formed between WWPs under relatively low temperatures. Each WW-PCR set is composed of three nested (primary, secondary, and tertiary) PCRs individually performed by three WWPs. The WWP is arbitrarily annealed somewhere on the genome in the one low-stringency cycle of the primary PCR, or directionally to the previous WWP site in one reduced-stringency cycle of the secondary/tertiary PCR, producing a pool of single-stranded DNAs (ssDNAs). A target ssDNA incorporates a gene-specific primer (GSP) complementary at the 3′-end and the WWP at the 5′-end and thus can be exponentially amplified in the next high-stringency cycles. Nevertheless, a non-target ssDNA cannot be amplified as it lacks a perfect binding site for any primers. The practicability of the WW-PCR was validated by successfully accessing unknown regions flanking Lactobacillus brevis CD0817 glutamate decarboxylase gene and the hygromycin gene of rice. The WW-PCR is an attractive alternative to the existing genome walking techniques.

BackgroundAlkB homolog 5 (ALKBH5) is a N6-methyladenosine (m6A) demethylase associated with the development, growth, and progression of multiple cancer types. However, the biological role of ALKBH5 has not been investigated in pan-cancer datasets. Therefore, in this study, comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of pan-cancer datasets was performed to determine the mechanisms through which ALKBH5 regulates tumorigenesis.MethodsOnline websites and databases such as NCBI, UCSC, CCLE, HPA, TIMER2, GEPIA2, cBioPortal, UALCAN, STRING, SangerBox, ImmuCellAl, xCell, and GenePattern were used to extract data of ALKBH5 in multiple cancers. The pan-cancer patient datasets were analyzed to determine the relationship between ALKBH5 expression, genetic alterations, methylation status, and tumor immunity. Targetscan, miRWalk, miRDB, miRabel, LncBase databases and Cytoscape tool were used to identify microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that regulate expression of ALKBH5 and construct the lncRNA-miRNA-ALKBH5 network. In vitro CCK-8, wound healing, Transwell and M2 macrophage infiltration assays as well as in vivo xenograft animal experiments were performed to determine the biological functions of ALKBH5 in glioma cells.ResultsThe pan-cancer analysis showed that ALKBH5 was upregulated in several solid tumors. ALKBH5 expression significantly correlated with the prognosis of cancer patients. Genetic alterations including duplications and deep mutations of the ALKBH5 gene were identified in several cancer types. Alterations in the ALKBH5 gene correlated with tumor prognosis. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses showed that ALKBH5-related genes were enriched in the inflammatory, metabolic, and immune signaling pathways in glioma. ALKBH5 expression correlated with the expression of immune checkpoint (ICP) genes, and influenced sensitivity to immunotherapy. We constructed a lncRNA-miRNA network that regulates ALKBH5 expression in tumor development and progression. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that ALKBH5 promoted proliferation, migration, and invasion of glioma cells and recruited the M2 macrophage to glioma cells.ConclusionsALKBH5 was overexpressed in multiple cancer types and promoted the development and progression of cancers through several mechanisms including regulation of the tumor-infiltration of immune cells. Our study shows that ALKBH5 is a promising prognostic and immunotherapeutic biomarker in some malignant tumors.

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) has positive effects on many physiological processes. Lactic acid bacterial production of GABA is a future trend. This study aimed to produce a sodium-ion-free GABA fermentation process for Levilactobacillus brevis CD0817. In this fermentation, both the seed and fermentation media used L-glutamic acid instead of monosodium L-glutamate as the substrate. We optimized the key factors influencing GABA formation, adopting Erlenmeyer flask fermentation. The optimized values of the key factors of glucose, yeast extract, Tween 80, manganese ion, and fermentation temperature were 10 g/L, 35 g/L, 1.5 g/L, 0.2 mM, and 30 °C, respectively. Based on the optimized data, a sodium-ion-free GABA fermentation process was developed using a 10-L fermenter. During the fermentation, L-glutamic acid powder was continuously dissolved to supply substrate and to provide the acidic environment essential for GABA synthesis. The current bioprocess accumulated GABA at up to 331 ± 8.3 g/L after 48 h. The productivity of GABA was 6.9 g/L/h and the molar conversion rate of the substrate was 98.1%. These findings demonstrate that the proposed method is promising in the fermentative preparation of GABA by lactic acid bacteria.

Background: Bleeding events in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) are associated with poor outcomes. Risk factors and their associations with in-hospital events in older patients with ACS are not fully understood, because older patients with ACS are often excluded from randomized controlled studies. Methods: We enrolled 962 patients with ACS above 75 years of age treated at our center between January 2012 and December 2016. The incidence and risk factors for in-hospital bleeding events, as well as their associations with in-hospital adverse events were evaluated. Results: Bleeding complications were observed in 38 patients (4.1%). The most common bleeding site was the gastrointestinal tract (52.6%). Anemia (P=0.007), renal insufficiency (P=0.019), use of positive inotropic medicines (P=0.006) and elevated leukocyte count (P=0.046) were independent predictors of in-hospital bleeding after adjustment for age, sex, atrial fibrillation history and hypertension history. In-hospital mortality (28.9% vs. 2.4%, P

Communicable diseases are illnesses caused by pathogenic biological agents, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites, and protozoa. Such diseases spread among people through contact with contaminated surfaces, bodily fluids, or blood products, or through the air, insect bites, or consuming contaminated food and beverages. Although some communicable diseases can be treated or prevented by taking medication and vaccines, there has been an increase in awareness of adopting a healthy diet to aid in the prevention and reversal of these diseases. One popular diet is a plant-based diet. Plant-based diets generally consist of vegetables, grains, nuts, seeds, legumes, and fruits, without any animal-source foods or artificial ingredients. Over the years, this diet has continuously increased in popularity. Reasons for following a plant-based diet are varied but include health benefits, such as improving immunity, and reducing the risk of heart disease, diabetes, and some cancers. Scientific evidence even shows that just an increased vegetable intake can decrease the occurrence of chronic diseases caused by viruses, such as hepatitis viruses, and reduce the risk of severe coronavirus disease 2019. Therefore, this mini review discusses the effectiveness of adopting a plant-based diet in ameliorating diseases caused by selected viruses and its limitations.

This paper is devoted to suppressing the lumped disturbance, which is mainly composed of static and dynamic unbalanced disturbance, to ensure the imaging quality of the rotating payload satellite system with a five-degree-of-freedom active magnetic bearing. The dynamic model of lumped disturbance in imaging phase is established to design the balancing error index of payload unbalance, and the effect of bearing mechanical characteristics is analyzed. A novel fixed-time extended state observer is proposed to estimate unknown lumped disturbance and uncertainty. On this basis, a novel quaternion-based fixed-time nonsingular terminal sliding mode controller is presented to achieve high precision, high stability, and chattering-free attitude control. The complete proof on the faster convergence performance of the presented sliding mode surface compared to the existing sliding mode surfaces and the fixed-time convergence of the presented controller is provided. Numerical simulation results are carried out to verify the lumped disturbance modeling accuracy and the effectiveness of the proposed controller.

Background and Aim. Obesity has been linked to incomplete colonoscopy. In the present study, we aimed to determine whether an abdominal compression bandage could improve the complete colonoscopy rate (CCR) of obese patients. Methods. Eligible patients were randomly allocated into the abdominal bandage and conventional groups during a routine colonoscopy. The primary outcome was CCR. Results. A total of 250 eligible patients were randomly assigned to the abdominal bandage and conventional groups from January 2021 to April 2021. Eleven patients (five in the abdominal bandage group and six in the conventional group) were excluded due to schedule cancellation after randomization, and 239 patients were eventually included in the final analysis. There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding baseline characteristics (P > 0.05). Furthermore, no significant differences were observed in terms of advanced adenoma detection rate (AADR), polyp detection rate (PDR), bowel preparation scale (BBPS), bubble scale (BS), and withdrawal time between the two groups (P > 0.05). However, compared with the conventional group, the cecal insertion time (CIT) of the abdominal bandage group was significantly shortened (279.00 (234.50–305.75) vs. 421.00 (327.00–485.00), P

Natural ventilation is one of the vital means for passive energy-efficient design in green buildings. As a widely used building façade, the perforated plate is mostly utilized for appearance decoration, noise absorption, and sun shading, but its impact on the natural ventilation effect has rarely been paid attention to. In this study, the influence of the perforation rate, the perforation size, and the perforation shape on the flow coefficient of the perforated plate were simulated using the commercial CFD software Fluent, and the correlation between the flow coefficient and these geometric parameters was then regressed. The results show that the flow coefficient of perforated plate increases with the increase in perforation rate, which is slightly greater than that of ordinary building openings, and the corresponding flow coefficients of different holes rank as circle > square > triangle under the same conditions. The flow coefficient increases with the increase in the perforation size, and this effect is greater when the size is small. In addition, the flow coefficient is less affected by the size of round holes compared to triangular and square holes. The regression model indicates that both the perforation rate and the perforation size have a considerable positive influence on the flow coefficient, while the square and triangle holes have a negative influence on the flow coefficient compared with the circular hole. Moreover, the geometric parameters of perforated plates that have the greatest influence on flow coefficient are perforation rate, perforation shape, and size, in descending order.

Complex space missions require more space robotic extravehicular operations required to crawl on spacecraft surfaces with discontinuous features at the graspable point, greatly increasing the difficulty of space robot motion manipulation. Therefore, this paper proposes an autonomous planning method for space dobby robots based on dynamic potential fields. This method can realize the autonomous crawling of space dobby robots in discontinuous environments while considering the task objectives and the self-collision problem of robotic arms when crawling. In this method, a hybrid event–time trigger with event triggering as the main trigger is proposed by combining the working characteristics of space dobby robots and improving the gait timing trigger; the dynamic potential field function is designed to adjust the space robot robotic arm grasping point adaptively according to the space robot state. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed autonomous planning method.

The end-operation accuracy of the satellite-borne robotic arm is closely related to the satellite attitude control accuracy, and the influence of the vibration of the satellite’s flexural structure on the satellite attitude control is not negligible. Therefore, a stable and reliable vibration frequency identification method of the satellite flexural structure is needed. Different from the traditional non-contact measurement and identification methods of large flexible space structures based on marker points or edge corner points, the condition of non-marker points relying on texture features can identify more feature points, but there are problems such as low recognition and poor matching of features. Given this, the concept of ‘the comprehensive matching parameter’ of scenes is proposed to describe the scene characteristics of non-contact optical measurement from the two dimensions of recognition and matching. The basic connotation and evaluation index of the concept are also given in the paper. Guided by this theory, the recognition accuracy and matching uniqueness of features can be improved by means of equivalent spatial transformation and novel relative position relationship descriptor. The above problems in non-contact measurement technology can be solved only through algorithm improvement without adding hardware devices. On this basis, the Eigensystem Realization Algorithm (ERA) method is used to obtain the modal parameters of the large flexible space structure. Finally, the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method are verified by mathematical simulation and ground testing.

The cooperative positioning problem of hypersonic vehicles regarding LEO constellations is the focus of this research study on space-based early warning systems. A hypersonic vehicle is highly maneuverable, and its trajectory is uncertain. New challenges are posed for the cooperative positioning capability of the constellation. In recent years, breakthroughs in artificial intelligence technology have provided new avenues for collaborative multi-satellite intelligent autonomous decision-making technology. This paper addresses the problem of multi-satellite cooperative geometric positioning for hypersonic glide vehicles (HGVs) by the LEO-constellation-tracking system. To exploit the inherent advantages of hierarchical reinforcement learning in intelligent decision making while satisfying the constraints of cooperative observations, an autonomous intelligent decision-making algorithm for satellites that incorporates a hierarchical proximal policy optimization with random hill climbing (MAPPO-RHC) is designed. On the one hand, hierarchical decision making is used to reduce the solution space; on the other hand, it is used to maximize the global reward and to uniformly distribute satellite resources. The single-satellite local search method improves the capability of the decision-making algorithm to search the solution space based on the decision-making results of the hierarchical proximal policy-optimization algorithm, combining both random hill climbing and heuristic methods. Finally, the MAPPO-RHC algorithm’s coverage and positioning accuracy performance is simulated and analyzed in two different scenarios and compared with four intelligent satellite decision-making algorithms that have been studied in recent years. From the simulation results, the decision-making results of the MAPPO-RHC algorithm can obtain more balanced resource allocations and higher geometric positioning accuracy. Thus, it is concluded that the MAPPO-RHC algorithm provides a feasible solution for the real-time decision-making problem of the LEO constellation early warning system.

Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the role of the neutrophil percentage (N%) at admission in predicting in-hospital major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients ≥75 years of age with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods: A total of 1189 patients above 75 years of age with ACS hospitalized at the Second Xiangya Hospital between January 2013 and December 2017 were enrolled in this retrospective study. Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis was performed to calculate the optimal N% cut-off value for patient grouping. The in-hospital MACE consisted of acute left heart failure, stroke and any cause of death. Multivariable logistic analyses were used to assess the role of N% in predicting MACE in older patients with ACS. Results: The patients were divided into a high N% group (N% ≥74.17%, n=396) and low N% group (N%

To study the regeneration of CF-100 type microcrystalline material after adsorbing carbon fluorides in SF6, an experimental device was built that can achieve both vacuum desorption of carbon fluorides and auxiliary heating to promote vacuum desorption of carbon fluorides. Thermogravimetric analyzer and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer were used to analyze the optimal treatment temperature and time of regeneration technology for promoting vacuum desorption of fluorocarbon by auxiliary heating. A comparative study was conducted on the two regeneration techniques mentioned above by analyzing the relationship between adsorption performance and the number of regenerations. The regeneration effects were also validated by using a specific surface area tester to examine the test data. The results demonstrate that desorption of fluorocarbons from CF-100 microcrystalline material is more efficient using a vacuum desorption method aided by auxiliary heating, as opposed to pure vacuum desorption. The CF-100 type of microcrystalline material achieves the best desorption effect when heated to 300°C with an auxiliary heating duration of 2 h, with an activation energy of 293.933 KJ/mol. After activation, CF-100 microcrystalline materials exhibit stable adsorption and desorption performance for decarbonization and possess excellent recyclability.

ObjectivesTo investigate the impact of ultrasound shear wave elastography (USWE) and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) in predicting a change in biopsy-assigned Gleason Score (GS) after radical surgery for localised prostate cancer (PCa).MethodA total of 212 men opting for laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) between September 2013 and June 2017 were recruited into this study. All the participants had 12-core transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) biopsies and imaging using USWE and mpMRI before radical surgery. The predictive accuracy for imaging modalities was assessed in relation to upgrading and downgrading of PCa GS between the biopsies and radical prostatectomy using Student’s t-test and multivariable logistic regression analyses. A decision analysis curve was constructed assessing the impact of nomogram on clinical situations using different thresholds of upgrading probabilities.ResultsMost GS 6 diseases on biopsies were upgraded on radical surgery (37/42, 88.1%). Major downgrading was seen in GS 8 category of disease (14/35; 37.1%), whereas no alteration was observed in GS 7 on biopsies in most men (55/75; 73.3%). In univariate analysis, higher preoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA) (p = 0.001), higher prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD) (p = 0.002), stiffer USWE lesions (p = 0.009), and higher prostate imaging–reporting and data system (PIRADS) (p = 0.002) on mpMRI were significant predictors of upgrading. In multivariate logistic regression analyses, only PSA (p = 0.016) and USWE-measured tissue stiffness (p = 0.029) showed statistical significance in predicting upgrading.ConclusionsMeasurement of tissue stiffness using USWE in clinically localised PCa can predict upgrading of GS and has the potential to improve patient management options.

The aseptic technique is essential for minimizing contamination in cell and tissue culture. However, biomedical science undergraduates in Universiti Putra Malaysia face challenges in acquiring hands-on learning experience on proper aseptic techniques due to inadequate facilities, which decreases learning interest and efficiency. To address this, an in-house virtual reality (VR) mobile application, AsepticTech VR, was developed to simulate a cell and tissue culture facility for practicing aseptic techniques. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of AsepticTech VR as a teaching and learning tool. Forty-one biomedical undergraduates were randomly assigned into test and control groups. Both groups attended a pre-test to evaluate the pre-intervention learning performances. Then, only test group participants were given access to AsepticTech VR, while both groups attended traditional lectures and practical sessions for a week. After one week, all participants took a post-test to evaluate their post-intervention learning performances. Additionally, test group participants also completed the modified Differential Emotions Scale (mDES) questionnaire to assess their emotions associated with using AsepticTech VR, and Web-Based Learning Tool (WBLT) questionnaire to assess their learning experience. The results showed that the test group participants had better learning performance improvements in the cognitive (p < 0.05) and psychomotor domain (p < 0.01) compared to the control group but did not differ in their affective domain. Moreover, the test group demonstrated stronger positive emotions compared to negative emotions (p < 0.001) and had positive learning experience with AsepticTech VR. This indicates that AsepticTech VR is an effective teaching and learning tool for cell and tissue culture aseptic techniques.

Abstract Background There is growing evidence suggesting that multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) is a marker for prostate cancer (PCa) aggressiveness and could be used to plan treatment. Improving early detection of clinically significant PCa with pre-biopsy mpMRI would very likely have advantages including optimising the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and diminishing patient anxiety. Methods and materials This is a prospective multicentre study of pre-biopsy mpMRI diagnostic test accuracy with subgroup randomisation at a 1:1 ratio with respect to transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) and MRI/US fusion-guided biopsy or TRUS-only biopsy. It is designed as a single-gate study with a single set of inclusion criteria. The total duration of the recruitment phase was 48 months; however, this has now been extended to 66 months. A sample size of 600 participants is required. Discussion The primary objective is to determine whether mpMRI can improve PCa detection and characterisation. The key secondary objective is to determine whether MRI/US fusion-guided biopsy can reduce the number of false-negative biopsies. Ethical approval was obtained from the East of Scotland Research Ethics Committee 1 (14/ES/1070) on 20 November 2014. The results of this study will be used for publication and presentation in national and international journals and at scientific conferences. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02745496. Retrospectively registered on 20 April 2016.

Based on the "octahedral structure model" of three-dimensional reticulated porous materials, the mathematical deductions are introduced one by one for the mathematical relations of their basic physical and mechanical properties in this paper. The present review on these deductions covers the unidirectional tension and the multidirectional tension/compression of porous materials, as well as the conductivity and the fatigue property. Emphasis is placed on describing the equivalent circuit of the inner structure of porous materials, and the force action model both of quasi-rigid body and deformed body structure of porous materials under unidirectional tension. On this basis, the compressive strength is discussed, and the biaxial tension and triaxial tension/compression are mathematically deducted and analyzed. According to this octahedron model, the mathematical relations of mechanical properties can be also obtained from the deduction of unidirectional tension and compression, for porous materials under loading of non-direct tension and compression.

The "octahedral structure model" is introduced for three-dimensional reticulated porous materials, as well as the mathematical relations of their basic physical and mechanical properties. On this basis, the verification works about some performance relations, including the conductivity and tension, etc, are reviewed in this paper. A number of issues were discussed with the emphases on the practicality of these mathematical and physical relations, the rationality of the correction coefficients, the significant influence on the calculation results, and the allowable stress and the plastic index value of the corresponding dense body were also analyzed in details. According to this mathematical and physical relationship, the performance indexes such as the electrical resistivity of porous products can be calculated by the easily measurable basic parameters like the porosity. The experimental results prove this way feasible. Therefore, this method can be superior to the finite element and other complex computational methods.

Three-dimensional reticulated porous materials are excellent engineering materials, and their application cover energy engineering, bioengineering, aerospace, environmental protection, transportation, etc. Author of this paper put forward a simplified structure model of octahedron based on the structural characteristics of these materials. On this basis, serial mathematical relations were obtained for their performance. This model and the related mathematical characterization of the basic physical and mechanical properties of this kind of materials,from unidirectional tension to multidirectional tension and compression,as well as conductivity and specific surface area were comprehensively introduced. The origin and characteristics of the simplified structural model were described comprehensively, and compared with other similar models; different property models and their relationships were explained one by one. Among them, the representative problems including the thin beams assumption of pore struts, the bending of pore struts and the restraint force of bearing units for the loaded porous body, and the correction coefficient and the plastic index value involved in the tension or/and compression relationship. The theoretical results were verified by the experiment of samples prepared in production line, which were well practicable.

Honeycomb sandwich plates are used widely in the aerospace industry. Building accurate finite element models of honeycomb sandwich plates is necessary for analyzing and optimizing the microvibration that occurs in spacecraft. A finite element dynamic model of a honeycomb plate was built, and then by using orthogonal design of experimental computation, the most important material parameters of honeycomb core equivalent model were identified. Through the global optimization based on adaptive sampling guided by response surface model, the parameters of honeycomb core were updated efficiently. The average error of first six modal frequencies of the updated finite element model against experimental result is reduced to less than 1%.

Over the last few years, a number of studies have quantified the role of radiomics, dynamic contrast enhancement and standard MRI (T2WI + DWI) in detecting prostate cancer; however, the aim of this paper was to assess the advantage of combining radiomics with other multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) (T2-DWI-DCE) in improving the detection of prostate cancer. This study used 10 prostate-cancer-tissue-mimicking phantoms to obtain preclinical data. We then focused on 46 patients who underwent mpMRI and Transrectal Ultrasound (TRUS) guided biopsy between September 2016 and December 2017. The texture analysis parameters combined with the mpMRI and compared with the histopathology of TRUS biopsy have been assessed statistically by principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant component analysis (DCA). The prediction model and goodness-of-fit were examined with the Akaike information criterion (AIC) and McFadden pseudo-R-squared. In the PCA, there was a higher separation between cancerous and noncancerous tissue in the preclinical compared with the clinical data. Both AIC and R2 showed an improvement in the model in cancer prediction by adding the radiomics to mpMRI. The discriminant analysis showed an accuracy of cancer prediction of 81% compared with 100% in the pre-clinical phantom data. Combining radiomics with mpMRI showed an improvement in prostate cancer prediction. The ex vivo experiments validated the findings of this study.

Tracking of hypersonic glide vehicles (HGVs) by a constellation tracking and observation system is an important part of the space-based early warning system. The uncertainty in the maneuver intentions of HGVs has a non-negligible impact on the tracking and observation process. The cooperative scheduling of multiple satellites in an environment of uncertainty in the maneuver intentions of HGVs is the main problem researched in this paper. For this problem, a satellite constellation tracking decision method that considers the HGVs’ maneuver intentions is proposed. This method is based on building an HGV maneuver intention model, developing a maneuver intention recognition and prediction algorithm, and designing a sensor-switching strategy to improve the local consensus-based bundle algorithm (LCBBA). Firstly, a recognizable maneuver intention model that can describe the maneuver types and directions of the HGVs in both the longitudinal and lateral directions was designed. Secondly, a maneuver intention recognition and prediction algorithm based on parallel, stacked long short-term memory neural networks (PSLSTM) was developed to obtain maneuver directions of the HGV. On the basis of that, a satellite constellation tracking decision method (referred to as SS-LCBBA in the following) considering the HGVs’ maneuver intentions was designed. Finally, the maneuver intention prediction capability of the PSLSTM network and two currently popular network structures: the multilayer LSTM (M-LSTM) and the dual-channel and bidirectional neural network (DCBNN) were tested for comparison. The simulation results show that the PSLSTM can recognize and predict the maneuver directions of HGVs with high accuracy. In the simulation of a satellite constellation tracking HGVs, the SS-LCBBA improved the cumulative tracking score compared to the LCBBA, the blackboard algorithm (BM), and the variable-center contract network algorithm (ICNP). Thus, it is concluded that SS-LCBBA has better adaptability to environments with uncertain intentions in solving multi-satellite collaborative scheduling problems.