119 results on '"Christodoulou, Kyproula"'
Search Results
102. PDXK mutations cause polyneuropathy responsive to pyridoxal 5′‐phosphate supplementation
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Chelban, Viorica, Wilson, Matthew P., Warman Chardon, Jodi, Vandrovcova, Jana, Zanetti, M. Natalia, Zamba‐Papanicolaou, Eleni, Efthymiou, Stephanie, Pope, Simon, Conte, Maria R., Abis, Giancarlo, Liu, Yo‐Tsen, Tribollet, Eloise, Haridy, Nourelhoda A., Botía, Juan A., Ryten, Mina, Nicolaou, Paschalis, Minaidou, Anna, Christodoulou, Kyproula, Kernohan, Kristin D., Eaton, Alison, Osmond, Matthew, Ito, Yoko, Bourque, Pierre, Jepson, James E. C., Bello, Oscar, Bremner, Fion, Cordivari, Carla, Reilly, Mary M., Foiani, Martha, Heslegrave, Amanda, Zetterberg, Henrik, Heales, Simon J. R., Wood, Nicholas W., Rothman, James E., Boycott, Kym M., Mills, Philippa B., Clayton, Peter T., Houlden, Henry, Kriouile, Yamna, Khorassani, Mohamed El, Aguennouz, Mhammed, Groppa, Stanislav, Marinova Karashova, Blagovesta, Van Maldergem, Lionel, Nachbauer, Wolfgang, Boesch, Sylvia, Arning, Larissa, Timmann, Dagmar, Cormand, Bru, Pérez‐Dueñas, Belen, Di Rosa, Gabriella, Goraya, Jatinder S., Sultan, Tipu, Mine, Jun, Avdjieva, Daniela, Kathom, Hadil, Tincheva, Radka, Banu, Selina, Pineda‐Marfa, Mercedes, Veggiotti, Pierangelo, Ferrari, Michel D., van den Maagdenberg, Arn M J M, Verrotti, Alberto, Marseglia, Giangluigi, Savasta, Salvatore, García‐Silva, Mayte, Ruiz, Alfons Macaya, Garavaglia, Barbara, Borgione, Eugenia, Portaro, Simona, Sanchez, Benigno Monteagudo, Boles, Richard, Papacostas, Savvas, Vikelis, Michail, Rothman, James, Giunti, Paola, Salpietro, Vincenzo, Oconnor, Emer, Kullmann, Dimitri, Kaiyrzhanov, Rauan, Sullivan, Roisin, Khan, Alaa Matooq, Yau, Wai Yan, Hostettler, Isabel, Papanicolaou, Eleni Zamba, Dardiotis, Efthymios, Maqbool, Shazia, Ibrahim, Shahnaz, Kirmani, Salman, Rana, Nuzhat Noureen, Atawneh, Osama, Lim, Shen‐Yang, Shaikh, Farooq, Koutsis, George, Breza, Marianthi, Mangano, Salvatore, Scuderi, Carmela, Morello, Giovanna, Stojkovic, Tanya, Torti, Erin, Zollo, Massimi, Heimer, Gali, Dauvilliers, Yves A., Striano, Pasquale, Al‐Khawaja, Issam, Al‐Mutairi, Fuad, Alkuraya, Fowzan S, Sherifa, Hamed, Rizig, Mie, Okubadejo, Njideka U., Ojo, Oluwadamilola O., Oshinaike, Olajumoke O., Wahab, Kolawole, Bello, Abiodun H., Abubakar, Sanni, Obiabo, Yahaya, Nwazor, Ernest, Ekenze, Oluchi, Williams, Uduak, Iyagba, Alagoma, Taiwo, Lolade, Komolafe, Morenikeji, Oguntunde, Olapeju, Pchelina, Sofya, Senkevich, Konstantin, Haridy, Nourelhoda, Shashkin, Chingiz, Zharkynbekova, Nazira, Koneyev, Kairgali, Manizha, Ganieva, Isrofilov, Maksud, Guliyeva, Ulviyya, Salayev, Kamran, Khachatryan, Samson, Rossi, Salvatore, Silvestri, Gabriella, Bourinaris, Thomas, Xiromerisiou, Georgia, Fidani, Liana, Spanaki, Cleanthe, Tucci, Arianna, University College London Hospitals (UCLH), Université d'Ottawa [Ontario] (uOttawa), King‘s College London, University College of London [London] (UCL), University of Cyprus [Nicosia], UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, National Yang Ming University (NYMU), Department of Information and Communications Engineering [Murcia], Universidad de Murcia, Guy's Hospital [London], Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, University of Ottawa [Ottawa], The Ottawa Hospital, University of British Columbia (UBC), Ottawa Hospital Research Institute [Ottawa] (OHRI), Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Biochemistry, Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, Institute of Child Health, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr University Bochum (RUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Department of Medical and Surgical Pediatrics, University Hospital, Fondazione, Departments of Human Genetics & Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), University of Laquila, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico 'Carlo Besta', Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Università degli studi di Catania [Catania], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Gene Dx, Partenaires INRAE, Tel Aviv University Sackler School of Medicine [Tel Aviv, Israël], Neuropsychiatrie : recherche épidémiologique et clinique (PSNREC), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Universita degli studi di Genova, Fondazione 'Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli' [Rome], UCL Institute of neurology, UCL Institute of Neurology, Chelban V., Wilson M.P., Warman Chardon J., Vandrovcova J., Zanetti M.N., Zamba-Papanicolaou E., Efthymiou S., Pope S., Conte M.R., Abis G., Liu Y.-T., Tribollet E., Haridy N.A., Botia J.A., Ryten M., Nicolaou P., Minaidou A., Christodoulou K., Kernohan K.D., Eaton A., Osmond M., Ito Y., Bourque P., Jepson J.E.C., Bello O., Bremner F., Cordivari C., Reilly M.M., Foiani M., Heslegrave A., Zetterberg H., Heales S.J.R., Wood N.W., Rothman J.E., Boycott K.M., Mills P.B., Clayton P.T., Houlden H., Kriouile Y., Khorassani M.E., Aguennouz M., Groppa S., Marinova Karashova B., Van Maldergem L., Nachbauer W., Boesch S., Arning L., Timmann D., Cormand B., Perez-Duenas B., Di Rosa G., Goraya J.S., Sultan T., Mine J., Avdjieva D., Kathom H., Tincheva R., Banu S., Pineda-Marfa M., Veggiotti P., Ferrari M.D., van den Maagdenberg A.M.J.M., Verrotti A., Marseglia G., Savasta S., Garcia-Silva M., Ruiz A.M., Garavaglia B., Borgione E., Portaro S., Sanchez B.M., Boles R., Papacostas S., Vikelis M., Rothman J., Giunti P., Salpietro V., Oconnor E., Kullmann D., Kaiyrzhanov R., Sullivan R., Khan A.M., Yau W.Y., Hostettler I., Papanicolaou E.Z., Dardiotis E., Maqbool S., Ibrahim S., Kirmani S., Rana N.N., Atawneh O., Lim S.-Y., Shaikh F., Koutsis G., Breza M., Mangano S., Scuderi C., Morello G., Stojkovic T., Torti E., Zollo M., Heimer G., Dauvilliers Y.A., Striano P., Al-Khawaja I., Al-Mutairi F., Alkuraya F.S., Sherifa H., Rizig M., Okubadejo N.U., Ojo O.O., Oshinaike O.O., Wahab K., Bello A.H., Abubakar S., Obiabo Y., Nwazor E., Ekenze O., Williams U., Iyagba A., Taiwo L., Komolafe M., Oguntunde O., Pchelina S., Senkevich K., Haridy N., Shashkin C., Zharkynbekova N., Koneyev K., Manizha G., Isrofilov M., Guliyeva U., Salayev K., Khachatryan S., Rossi S., Silvestri G., Bourinaris T., Xiromerisiou G., Fidani L., Spanaki C., and Tucci A.
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0301 basic medicine ,Male ,[SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology ,LOCAL TRANSLATION ,Medizin ,medicine.disease_cause ,DISEASE ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,polineuropathy ,Cinètica enzimàtica ,Gene Regulatory Networks ,Pyridoxal phosphate ,Child ,Pyridoxal Kinase ,Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ,Research Articles ,Aged, 80 and over ,Mutation ,Gene Regulatory Network ,PLASMA ,Autosomal recessive axonal polyneuropathy ,Disease gene identification ,Pyridoxal kinase ,3. Good health ,Settore MED/26 - NEUROLOGIA ,Neuropaties perifèriques ,Treatment Outcome ,Polyneuropathie ,Neurology ,Child, Preschool ,Pyridoxal Phosphate ,RELIABILITY ,Vitamin B Complex ,Female ,Life Sciences & Biomedicine ,Polyneuropathy ,Human ,Research Article ,Adult ,Adolescent ,PDXK ,Clinical Neurology ,CHARCOT-MARIE-TOOTH ,CHARCOT-MARIE-TOOTH, CMT NEUROPATHY SCORE, LOCAL TRANSLATION, DISEASE, RELIABILITY ,MECHANISMS, DISCOVERY, FRAMEWORK, KINASE, PLASMA ,MECHANISMS ,03 medical and health sciences ,Polyneuropathies ,Atrophy ,[SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN] ,KINASE ,medicine ,Humans ,CMT NEUROPATHY SCORE ,PDXK mutations ,Pyridoxal ,Dietary Supplement ,Aged ,Peripheral neuropathies ,Science & Technology ,[SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience ,Enzyme kinetics ,Neurosciences ,FRAMEWORK ,medicine.disease ,Molecular biology ,030104 developmental biology ,chemistry ,DISCOVERY ,Dietary Supplements ,Neurosciences & Neurology ,Neurology (clinical) ,Adenosine triphosphate ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To identify disease-causing variants in autosomal recessive axonal polyneuropathy with optic atrophy and provide targeted replacement therapy. METHODS: We performed genome-wide sequencing, homozygosity mapping, and segregation analysis for novel disease-causing gene discovery. We used circular dichroism to show secondary structure changes and isothermal titration calorimetry to investigate the impact of variants on adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding. Pathogenicity was further supported by enzymatic assays and mass spectroscopy on recombinant protein, patient-derived fibroblasts, plasma, and erythrocytes. Response to supplementation was measured with clinical validated rating scales, electrophysiology, and biochemical quantification. RESULTS: We identified biallelic mutations in PDXK in 5 individuals from 2 unrelated families with primary axonal polyneuropathy and optic atrophy. The natural history of this disorder suggests that untreated, affected individuals become wheelchair-bound and blind. We identified conformational rearrangement in the mutant enzyme around the ATP-binding pocket. Low PDXK ATP binding resulted in decreased erythrocyte PDXK activity and low pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) concentrations. We rescued the clinical and biochemical profile with PLP supplementation in 1 family, improvement in power, pain, and fatigue contributing to patients regaining their ability to walk independently during the first year of PLP normalization. INTERPRETATION: We show that mutations in PDXK cause autosomal recessive axonal peripheral polyneuropathy leading to disease via reduced PDXK enzymatic activity and low PLP. We show that the biochemical profile can be rescued with PLP supplementation associated with clinical improvement. As B6 is a cofactor in diverse essential biological pathways, our findings may have direct implications for neuropathies of unknown etiology characterized by reduced PLP levels. ANN NEUROL 2019;86:225-240. ispartof: ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY vol:86 issue:2 pages:225-240 ispartof: location:United States status: published
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103. 15.09 Inherited peripheral neuropathies: analysis of PDXK gene identifies a new treatable disorder
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Chelban, Viorica, Wilson, Matthew P, Chardon, Jodi Warman, Vandrovcova, Jana, Natalia Zanetti, M, Zamba-Papanicolaou, Eleni, Efthymiou, Stephanie, Pope, Simon, Conte, Maria R, Abis, Giancarlo, Liu, Yo-Tsen, Tribollet, Eloise, Haridy, Nourelhoda A, Botía, Juan A, Ryten, Mina, Nicolaou, Paschalis, Minaidou, Anna, Christodoulou, Kyproula, Kernohan, Kristin D, Eaton, Alison, Osmond, Matthew, Ito, Yoko, Bourque, Pierre, Jepson, James EC, Bello, Oscar, Bremner, Fion, Cordivari, Carla, Reilly, Mary M, Foiani, Martha, Heslegrave, Amanda, Zetterberg, Henrik, Heales, Simon JR, Wood, Nicholas W, Rothman, James E, Boycott, Kym M, Mills, Philippa B, Clayton, Peter T, and Houlden, Henry
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Polyneuropathies are amongst the most common neurological conditions worldwide affecting over 20 million people. However, 40% of patients with primary polyneuropathies have no disease-causing mutation identified.We investigated patients with gene-negative primary polyneuropathies using a combination of whole genome sequencing, homozygosity mapping and segregation analysis. Pathogenicity was confirmed via enzymatic assays and mass spectroscopy on recombinant protein and patient-derived fibroblasts, plasma and erythrocytes. We used circular dichroism to show secondary structure changes and isothermal titration calorimetry to investigate the ATP binding.We report that biallelic mutations in human PDXK are associated with primary axonal polyneuropathy and optic atrophy. Pyridoxal kinase (PDXK) is involved in converting vitamin B6 to its active form, pyridoxal 5’-phosphate (PLP). We show that PDXK mutations lead to disease via decreased plasma PLP concentrations. Our functional studies revealed conformational rearrangement in the mutant enzyme around the kinase ATP-binding pocket with impaired PDXK ability to bind ATP and leading to reduced erythrocyte PDXK activity. We show that both the human clinical picture and biochemical profile in PDXK mutations are rescued by PLP supplementation. Patients regained their ability to walk independently. Furthermore, treatment-led normalisation of plasma PLP levels, correlated with reduction of neurofilament light chain concentrations, a biomarker of axonal breakdown.In conclusion, biallelic mutations in human PDXK are associated with a novel disorder leading to treatable primary axonal polyneuropathy and optic atrophy and identifies PLP as therapeutic target.
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- 2019
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104. Epidemiology of ATTRV30M neuropathy in Cyprus and the modifier effect of complement C1q on the age of disease onset
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Andreou, Savanna, Panayiotou, Elena, Michailidou, Kyriaki, Pirpa, Panayiota, Hadjisavvas, Andreas, El Salloukh, Adonis, Barnes, Daniel, Antoniou, Antonis, Agathangelou, Petros, Papastavrou, Katia, Christodoulou, Kyproula, Tanteles, George A, and Kyriakides, Theodoros
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Epidemiology ,Cyprus ,complement ,neuropathy ,C1q ,3. Good health ,ATTRV30M - Abstract
BACKGROUND: ATTRV30M amyloidosis is a lethal autosomal dominant sensorimotor and autonomic neuropathy caused by amyloid deposition composed of aggregated misfolded TTR monomers with the V30M mutation. The age of onset in patients with ATTRV30M varies in different foci and the mechanism behind it is still unknown. METHODS: The tertiary neurology center following all ATTRV30M patients in Cyprus was used to collect demographic data to estimate; prevalence, incidence, penetrance, anticipation, time from disease onset to diagnosis and transplantation. Ocular, cardiac and leptomeningeal involvement in transplanted patients was explored. Correlation of C1q tagging SNPs with age of disease onset was carried out. RESULTS: Prevalence and incidence for ATTRV30M neuropathy in Cyprus are 5.4/100,000 and 0.3/100,000 respectively. Mean age of onset is 40.6 years and anticipation is 8.3 years. Penetrance reaches 51% and 75% by the ages of 50 and 80 years respectively. In liver transplanted patients rates of ocular, cardiac and leptomeningeal involvement were estimated to be 60%, 20% and 16%, respectively. C1q polymorphisms correlated with age of disease onset. CONCLUSIONS: ATTRV30M neuropathy has a rising prevalence in Cyprus due to improved survival of patients. Late onset complications are becoming a major problem. Complement C1q appears to be a modifier in this disease.
105. LRSAM1 Depletion Affects Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cell Growth and Morphology: The LRSAM1 c.2047-1G>A Loss-of-Function Variant Fails to Rescue The Phenotype.
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Minaidou, Anna, Nicolaou, Paschalis, and Christodoulou, Kyproula
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UBIQUITIN ligases , *CHARCOT-Marie-Tooth disease , *CELL growth , *CELL morphology , *NEUROBLASTOMA , *SMALL interfering RNA , *CELL proliferation - Abstract
Objective: Deleterious variants in LRSAM1, a RING finger ubiquitin ligase which is also known as TSG101-associated ligase (TAL), have recently been associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2P (CMT2P). The mechanism by which mutant LRSAM1 contributes to the development of neuropathy is currently unclear. The aim of this study was to induce LRSAM1 deficiency in a neuronal cell model, observe its effect on cell growth and morphology and attempt to rescue the phenotype with ancestral and mutant LRSAM1 transfections. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, we investigated the effect of LRSAM1 downregulation on neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells by siRNA technology where cells were transfected with siRNA against LRSAM1. The effects on the expression levels of TSG101, the only currently known LRSAM1 interacting molecule, were also examined. An equal dosage of ancestral or mutant LRSAM1 construct was transfected in LRSAM1-downregulated cells to investigate its effect on the phenotype of the cells and whether cell proliferation and morphology could be rescued. Results: A significant reduction in TSG101 levels was observed with the downregulation of LRSAM1. In addition, LRSAM1 knockdown significantly decreased the growth rate of SH-SY5Y cells which is caused by a decrease in cell proliferation. An effect on cell morphology was also observed. Furthermore, we overexpressed the ancestral and the c.2047-1G>A mutant LRSAM1 in knocked down cells. Ancestral LRSAM1 recovered cell proliferation and partly the morphology, however, the c.2047-1G>A mutant did not recover cell proliferation and further aggravated the observed changes in cell morphology. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that depletion of LRSAM1 affects neuroblastoma cells growth and morphology and that overexpression of the c.2047-1G>A mutant form, unlike the ancestral LRSAM1, fails to rescue the phenotype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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106. Μεταγραφικού παράγοντα MyoD προωθεί την μυογένεση μέσω της αναστολής Twist – 1, μέσω του miR - 206
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Koutalianos, Demetris N., Φυλακτού, Λεωνίδας, Phylactou, Leonidas, Κωστρίκης, Λεόντιος, Χριστοδούλου, Κυπρούλα, Φελέκκης, Κυριάκος, Kostrikis, Leondios, Christodoulou, Kyproula, Felekkis, Kyriakos, Sosczak, Krzysztof, University of Cyprus, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, and Πανεπιστήμιο Κύπρου, Σχολή Θετικών και Εφαρμοσμένων Επιστημών, Τμήμα Βιολογικών Επιστημών
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MYOGENESIS ,Muscles ,miR-206 ,Muscle Development ,TWIST-1 ,MyoD ,ΜΥΟΓΕΝΕΣΗΣ - Abstract
Includes bibliographical references (p. 118-149). Number of sources in the bibliography: 408 Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Cyprus, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, 2015. The University of Cyprus Library holds the printed form of the thesis. Η Twist-1 εκφράζεται ως επί το πλείστον κατά την ανάπτυξη και έχει προηγουμένως συνδεθεί με τον έλεγχο της μυογένεσης. Δεδομένου ότι ο ρόλος της στη μυογένεση δεν έχει αξιοποιηθεί πλήρως, ο στόχος της μελέτης ήταν να προσδιορίσει miRNAs στο μυ που ρυθμίζουν τη Twist-1. Ένα από τα πιο σημαντικά myomiRs, το miR-206, είναι αναγνωρισμένο ως ένα πιθανό υποψήφιο για το Twist-1 mRNA. Προσδιορισμοί λουσιφεράσης και επιμολύνσεις σε εμβρυϊκούς ανθρώπινους μυοβλάστες, έδειξαν ότι η Twist-1 είναι ένας άμεσος στόχος για το miR-206 και μέσω αυτής της οδού προωθείται η διαφοροποίηση των μυϊκών κυττάρων. Επίσης διερευνήθηκε εάν το MyoD, ένας σημαντικός μεταγραφικός παράγοντας της μυογένεσης, ρυθμίζει τη Twist-1, αφού είναι γνωστό ότι επάγει την γονιδιακή έκφραση του miR-206. Βρήκαμε ότι η υπέρ-έκφραση του MyoD προκαλεί αύξηση του miR-206 και μείωση της έκφρασης της Twist-1, μέσω του miR-206 και προάγει την αύξηση της διαφοροποίησης των μυϊκών κυττάρων. Τέλος, τα πειράματα πραγματοποιήθηκαν σε μυϊκά κύτταρα από ασθενείς με μυοτονική δυστροφία τύπου 1, τα οποία αποτυγχάνουν να διαφοροποιηθούν προς μυοσωληνάρια. Η υπέρ-έκφραση του MyoD ανέστειλε την έκφραση της Twist-1 μέσω του miR-206, που επίσης ακολουθείται από μια αύξηση στη διαφοροποίηση των μυϊκών κυττάρων. Τα αποτελέσματα αυτά αποκαλύπτουν ένα νέο μηχανισμό που εμπλέκεται στη μυογένεση, που θα μπορούσε επίσης να διαδραματίσει σημαντικό ρόλο στη μυϊκή νόσο. Twist-1 is mostly expressed during development and has been previously shown to control myogenesis. Since its regulation in muscle has not been fully exploited, the aim of the project was to identify miRNAs in muscle which regulate Twist-1. miR-206, one of the most important myomiRs, was identified as a possible candidate for Twist-1 mRNA. Luciferase assays and transfections in human foetal myoblasts showed that Twist-1 is a direct target for miR-206 and through this pathway muscle cell differentiation is promoted. We next investigated whether MyoD, a major myogenic transcription factor regulates Twist-1, since it is known that MyoD induces miR-206 gene expression. We found that forced MyoD expression induces miR-206 up-regulation and Twist-1 down-regulation through miR-206 promoter binding, followed by increase in muscle cell differentiation. Finally, experiments were performed in muscle cells from patients with congenital Myotonic Dystrophy type 1 which fail to differentiate to myotubes. MyoD overexpression inhibited Twist-1 through miR-206 induction, followed by an increase in muscle cell differentiation. These results reveal a novel mechanism of myogenesis which might also play an important role in muscle disease.
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- 2015
107. Διαγωνιδιακή αντικατάσταση της κοννεξίνης32 στα ολιγοδενδροκύτταρα του εγκεφάλου πετυχαίνει τη διάσωση του μοντέλου υπομυελινωτικής λευκoδυστροφίας
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Schiza, Natasa Ch., Kleopa, Kleopas, Κλεόπα, Κλεόπας, Γεωργιάδης, Παντελής, Χριστοδούλου, Κυπρούλα, Γρηγοριάδης, Νικόλαος, Καραγωγέως, Δόμνα, Georgiades, Pantelis, Christodoulou, Kyproula, Grigoriadis, Nikolaos, Karagogeos, Domna, Πανεπιστήμιο Κύπρου, Σχολή Θετικών και Εφαρμοσμένων Επιστημών, Τμήμα Βιολογικών Επιστημών, University of Cyprus, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, and Kleopa, Kleopas [0000-0002-4103-8094]
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Molecular neurobiology ,MYELIN ,Neuroglia Pathophysiology ,Gap junctions (Cell biology) ,ΟΛΙΓΟΔΕΝΤΡΟΚΥΤΤΑΡΑ ,Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease ,ASTROCYTES ,Connexins ,Myelin sheath ,INFLAMMATION ,Metabolism, Inborn errors of ,ΦΛΕΓΜΟΝΗ ,Neurogenetics ,Brain Diseases ,ΜΟΝΤΕΛΟ ΠΟΝΤΙΚΟΥ ,Mice as laboratory animals ,CHARCOT MARIE TOOTH X-LINKED ,Electrodiagnosis ,Nervous system Diseases Genetic aspects Animal models ,Neurochemistry ,ΚΟΝΝΕΞΙΝΕΣ ,MOUSE MODEL ,ΜΥΕΛΗΝΗ ,Genetic disorders Diagnosis ,OLIGODENDROCYTES ,Oligodendroglia ,PELIZAEUS-MERZBACHER LIKE DISEASE ,Globoid cell leukodystrophy - Abstract
Includes bibliographical references (p. 78-90). Number of sources in the bibliography: 145 Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Cyprus, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, 2015. The University of Cyprus Library holds the printed form of the thesis. At head of title: Πανεπιστήμιο Κύπρου, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics. Research Supervisor: Kleopas A. Kleopa. Abstract in Greek. Οι χασμοσυνδέσμοι στα ολιγοδενδροκύτταρα σχηματίζονται κυρίως από την κοννεξίνη 47 (Cx47) και κοννεξίνη 32 (Cx32). Υπολειπόμενες μεταλλάξεις στο γονίδιο GJC2, της Cx47 προκαλούν την ασθένεια Pelizaeus-Merzbacher, η οποία υπάγεται στην κατηγορία των υπομυελινωτικών λευκοδυστροφιών, ενώ μεταλλάξεις στο γονίδιο GJB1, της Cx32 προκαλούν περιφερική νευροπάθεια, χρόνια ή οξεία παροδική εγκεφαλοπάθεια. Τα ποντίκια στα οποία λείπουν και τα δύο γονίδια της Cx32 και Cx47 (Cx32/Cx47dKO) αναπτύσσουν σοβαρή απομυελίνωση του κεντρικού νευρικού συστήματος (ΚΝΣ) που αρχίζει σε ηλικία ενός μηνός και οδηγεί στο θάνατο μέσα σε λίγες εβδομάδες. Αυτό το μοντέλο λευκοδυστροφίας προσφέρεται για μελέτη των μηχανισμών αυτή της νόσου. Προκειμένου να διευκρινιστεί αν η απώλεια των χασμοσυνδέσμων στα ολιγοδενδροκυττάρα έχει αυτόνομες κυτταρικές επιδράσεις, δημιουργήσαμε διαγονιδιακά ποντίκια που εκφράζουν την άγριου-τύπου ανθρώπινη Cx32 υπό τον έλεγχο του υποκινητή της πρωτεολιπιδικής πρωτεΐνης ποντικού για την απόκτηση εξωγενούς έκφρασης hCx32 σε ολιγοδενδροκύτταρα. Με την αναπαραγωγή των ιδρυτών με Cx32KO ποντίκια, πήραμε την έκφραση της hCx32 σε Cx32KO ποντίκια, που επιβεβαιώθηκε με ανοσοϊστοχημεία και ανοσοαποτύπωση. Παρατηρήσαμε έντονη έκφραση της στα ολιγοδενδροκύτταρα του ΚΝΣ στα TG+Cx32KO ποντίκια όπως επίσης εντοπισμό και ο σχηματισμό χασμοσυνδέσμων σε αυτά κατά μήκος της μυελίνης. Με περαιτέρω διασταύρωση αυτών των ποντικιών με Cx47KO ποντίκια δημιουργηθήκαν τα TG+Cx32/Cx47dKO τα οποία έδειξαν ότι η διαγονιδιακή έκφραση της hCx32 έσωσε τη σοβαρή απομυελίνωση του ΚΝΣ σε ποντίκια Cx32/Cx47dKO, με αποτέλεσμα την σημαντική βελτίωση των ανωμαλιών συμπεριφοράς από τον 1ο μήνα της ηλικίας τους, και την πρόληψη της πρόωρης θνησιμότητας. Επιπλέον, οι TG+Cx32/Cx47dKO ποντικοί έδειξαν σημαντική βελτίωση της απομυελίνωσης ενώ οι φλεγμονές και οι αστρογλιοτικές αλλαγές αντιστράφηκαν πλήρως σε σύγκριση με τους Cx32/Cx47dKO στον 1 μήνα ηλικίας. Η μελέτη μας επιβεβαιώνει ότι η απώλεια των χασμοσυνδέσμων στα ολιγοδενδροκυττάρα έχει αυτόνομες επιδράσεις και με την αντικατάσταση τουλάχιστον μιας κοννεξίνης επιτυγχάνεται η διόρθωση του φαινοτύπου της λευκοδυστροφίας και επανασύνδεση των χασμοδυνδέσμων. Oligodendrocytes are coupled by gap junctions (GJs) formed mainly by connexin47 (Cx47) and connexin32 (Cx32). Recessive GJC2/Cx47 mutations cause Pelizaeus–Merzbacher-like disease, a hypomyelinating leukodystrophy, while GJB1/Cx32 mutations cause peripheral neuropathy and chronic or acute-transient encephalopathy syndromes. Cx32/Cx47 double knockout (Cx32/Cx47dKO) mice develop severe CNS demyelination beginning at 1 month of age leading to death within weeks, offering a relevant model to study disease mechanisms. In order to clarify whether the loss of oligodendrocyte connexins has cell autonomous effects, we generated transgenic mice expressing the wild-type human Cx32 under the control of the mouse proteolipid protein (Plp) promoter, obtaining exogenous hCx32 expression in oligodendrocytes. By crossing these mice with Cx32KO mice, we obtained expression of hCx32 on Cx32KO background. Immunohistochemical and immunoblot analysis confirmed strong CNS expression of hCx32 specifically in oligodendrocytes and correct localization forming GJs at cell bodies and along the myelin sheath. TG+Cx32/Cx47dKO mice were generated by further crossing with Cx47KO mice. Transgenic expression of hCx32 rescued the severe early phenotype of CNS demyelination in Cx32/Cx47dKO mice, resulting in marked improvement of behavioral abnormalities at 1 month of age, and prevented the early mortality. Furthermore, TG+Cx32/Cx47dKO mice showed significant improvement of myelination compared with Cx32/Cx47dKO CNS at 1 month of age, while the inflammatory and astrogliotic changes were fully reversed. Our study confirms that loss of oligodendrocyte GJs has cell autonomous effects and that re-establishment of GJ connectivity by replacement of at least one GJ protein provides correction of the leukodystrophy phenotype.
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- 2015
108. Μεθυλίωση και μεταγραφή- προς μη επεμβατική προγεννητική διάγνωση
- Author
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Kyriakou, Skevi K., Πατσαλής, Φίλιππος, Patsalis, Philippos, Πιτσουλή, Χρυσούλα, Χριστοδούλου, Κυπρούλα, Λάμνησου, Κλεονίκη, Φελέκκης, Κυριάκος, Pitsouli, Chrysoula, Christodoulou, Kyproula, Lamnissou, Kleoniki, Felekkis, Kyriakos, University of Cyprus, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, and Πανεπιστήμιο Κύπρου, Σχολή Θετικών και Εφαρμοσμένων Επιστημών, Τμήμα Βιολογικών Επιστημών
- Subjects
ΜΕΤΑΓΡΑΦΗ ,ΕΜΒΡΥΙΚΟ ,Prenatal diagnosis ,ΜΕΘΥΛΙΩΣΗ ,METHYLATION ,Diagnosis, Noninvasive ,EMNBRYONIC ,TRANSCRIPTION ,NON-INVASIVE ,ΜΗ-ΕΠΕΜΒΑΤΙΚΗ - Abstract
Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-76). Number of sources in the bibliography: 121 Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Cyprus, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, 2015. The University of Cyprus Library holds the printed form of the thesis. Η μη-επεμβατική προγεννητική διάγνωση αποτέλεσε ένα από τους πιο απαιτητικούς ερευνητικούς τομείς των δύο τελευταίων δεκαετιών. Η ανακάλυψη της παρουσίας ελεύθερου εμβρυϊκού DNA στην μητρική κυκλοφορία αποτέλεσε κινητήριο μοχλό για πολλές ομάδες που στόχευαν στην ανίχνευση εμβρυοειδικών βιοδεικτών. Η ανίχνευση του εμβρυϊκού DNA (~10%) παρουσία μητρικού DNA (90%) απαιτεί την εφαρμογή μεθόδων εμπλουτισμού υψηλής ευαισθησίας και ακρίβειας. Μέσω της επιγενετικής, η ομάδα μας ταυτοποίησε διαφορετικά μεθυλιωμένες περιοχές (DMRs) του εμβρύου και της μητέρας στα χρωμοσώματα 21, 18, 13, X και Y, και ανέπτυξε μια μη επεμβατική προγεννητική μέθοδο για την ανίχνευση της τρισωμίας 21. Ο πρωταρχικός σκοπός της μελέτης αυτής αφορά στη διερεύνηση της πιθανότητας η μεταβλητότητα του εμβρυϊκού ποσοστού να επηρεάσει το σωστό προσδιορισμό της τρισωμίας 21, χρησιμοποιώντας την υπάρχουσα μέθοδο MeDIP. Με τη χρήση qPCR, πραγματοποιήθηκε ποσοτικοποίηση 224 μητρικών δειγμάτων αίματος και 124 μητρικών δειγμάτων πλάσματος, για την συσχέτιση των εμβρυϊκών ποσοστών και της διαγνωστικής αξίας της μεθοδολογίας. Τα αποτελέσματα έδειξαν ότι η μεταβλητότητα των εμβρυϊκών ποσοστών δεν επηρεάζει τον σωστό καθορισμό της τρισωμίας 21. Ο δεύτερος στόχος αποσκοπεί στην ανάπτυξη μιας μεθόδου εμβρυϊκού εμπλουτισμού, για την αύξηση του ποσοστού του εμβρυϊκού DNA που βρίσκεται στη μητρική κυκλοφορία κατά τη διάρκεια της εγκυμοσύνης και το σωστό προσδιορισμό των εμβρύων με τρισωμία 21. Χρησιμοποιώντας δείγματα χοριονικών λαχνών (CVS) και δείγματα πλάσματος από μη εγκυμονούσες γυναίκες, ετοιμάστηκαν δείγματα που μιμούνται τα ποσοστά DNA (μητρικό και εμβρυϊκό) όπως εντοπίζονται στο πλάσμα της μητέρας κατά την κύηση. Τα συγκεκριμένα δείγματα, χρησιμοποιήθηκαν για ανοσοκατακρήμνιση ακολουθούμενη από digital PCR, επιτυγχάνοντας τη σωστή ταξινόμηση των τρισωμικών δειγμάτων από τα φυσιολογικά, και καθιστώντας τη νέα μέθοδο έτοιμη για επικύρωση. Ο τρίτος σκοπός αυτής της μελέτης, αφορά στην επέκταση του πίνακα των εμβρυϊκών βιοδεικτών μελετώντας το εμβρυϊκό RNA. Αυτό θα προσδιορίσει, διαφορικά εκφραζόμενα γονίδια (DEGs) μεταξύ των φυσιολογικών εμβρύων και των εμβρύων με τρισωμία 21. Μικροσυστοιχίες έκφρασης που καλύπτουν όλο το RNA, εφαρμόστηκαν σε RNA δείγματα από φυσιολογικές και τρισωμικές χοριονικές λάχνες (CVS), και συγκρίθηκαν με τα αντίστοιχα RNA δείγματα από τη μητέρα. Πραγματοποιήθηκαν μελέτες συσχέτισης, των DEGs σε μεταγραφικό επίπεδο σε σχέση με το πρότυπο μεθυλίωσης και τον φαινότυπο του συνδρόμου Down. Ανιχνεύθηκαν πολλαπλά DEGs ειδικά για την τρισωμία 21, πολλά από τα οποία βρέθηκαν να σχετίζονται με το φαινότυπο του συνδρόμου Down. Τα μεθυλιωμένα πρότυπα των DEGs δεν έδειξαν να συσχετίζονται με το μεταγραφικό επίπεδο. Λόγω της μεταβλητότητας του μεταγραφικού επιπέδου που παρουσιάζεται μεταξύ διαφορετικών ατόμων, απαιτείται περαιτέρω διερεύνηση σε μεγαλύτερο αριθμό δειγμάτων προκειμένου να επικυρωθούν τα ευρήματα αυτής της μελέτης. Συμπερασματικά η μελέτη αυτή χρησιμοποιεί υπάρχουσες διαφορές μεταξύ της μητέρας και του εμβρύου, και πέτυχε την ανάπτυξη μιας μη επεμβατικής προγεννητικής μεθοδολογίας για τη διάκριση της τρισωμίας 21 από φυσιολογικά έμβρυα. Επιπλέον, επέκτεινε τον πίνακα των εμβρυϊκών βιοδεικτών με τον εντοπισμό νέων διαφορών ανάμεσα στη μητέρα και το έμβρυο που θα μπορούσαν στο μέλλον να χρησιμοποιηθούν για την μη επεμβατική προγεννητική διάγνωση. Non-invasive prenatal diagnosis has been one of the most challenging fields in the past two decades. The discovery of fetal nucleic acids in the maternal circulation encouraged several groups to work on the identification of fetal specific biomarkers. Recovery of fetal DNA fragments (~10%) in the presence of maternal DNA (90%) requires high sensitivity and specificity enrichment methods. Our group has successfully used epigenetics to identify differentially methylated regions (DMRs) between the fetus and the mother on chromosomes 21, 18, 13, X and Y, and developed a non-invasive prenatal methodology (MeDIP-qPCR) for the detection of trisomy 21. The first objective of this study aims to investigate whether the variability of fetal percentage among individuals affects the correct classification of trisomy 21 using the existing MeDIP methodology. Quantification of 224 maternal whole blood and 124 maternal plasma samples was carried out, by qPCR, followed by correlation studies between the fetal percentages and the diagnostic value of the methodology. Results showed that the variability of fetal amount among individuals does not interfere with the correct classification of trisomy 21. The second objective targets the development of a robust fetal epigenetic enrichment method which will increase the proportion of fetal DNA in maternal circulation during pregnancy and correctly classify trisomy 21 fetuses. Spike-in samples were prepared using chorionic villi samplings (CVS) DNA and non-pregnant female plasma DNA which are used to imitate the maternal DNA. These samples underwent immunoprecipitation followed by digital PCR for quantification. Correct classification of trisomy 21 spike-in samples from normal ones was achieved. This newly developed method is now ready for validation. The third objective of this study aims to expand the panel of fetal specific biomarkers by uncovering the fetal transcriptome. This will identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among the trisomy 21 and normal fetuses from their mothers. Expression microarrays covering the whole transcriptome were applied to normal and trisomy 21 CVS RNA samples together with their matching maternal RNA. Association studies of identified DEGs transcription level with their methylation patterns and Down syndrome phenotype were performed. Multiple trisomy 21 specific DEGs were identified and were found to be associated with the Down syndrome phenotype. Methylation patterns of DEGs showed no association with the transcription level. Due to the transcription level variability among individuals, identified DEGs must be further investigated in a large-scale study in order to confirm our findings. As a conclusion this work utilised already existing differences between the mother and the fetus, DMRs, and succeeded the development of a non-invasive prenatal methodology for the discrimination of trisomy 21 from normal fetuses. In addition, it expanded the panel of fetal specific biomarkers by identifying new differences between the mother and the fetus which can potentially be used for non-invasive prenatal diagnosis.
- Published
- 2015
109. Μοριακή γενετική διερεύνηση, επιδημιολογία και συσχέτιση φαινοτύπου-γονοτύπου στη Μικροσκοπική Αιματουρία
- Author
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Demosthenous, Panagiota, Deltas, Constantinos, Δέλτας, Κωνσταντίνος, Σκουρίδης, Πάρης, Προμπονάς, Βασίλης, Χριστοδούλου, Κυπρούλα, Γούμενος, Δημήτρης, Skourides, Paris, Promponas, Vasilis, Christodoulou, Kyproula, Goumenos, Demetres, Πανεπιστήμιο Κύπρου, Σχολή Θετικών και Εφαρμοσμένων Επιστημών, Τμήμα Βιολογικών Επιστημών, University of Cyprus, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, and Deltas, Constantinos [0000-0001-5549-9169]
- Subjects
ΚΟΛΛΑΓΟΝΑ IV ,Molecular biology ,Epidemiology ,MICROSCOPIC HEMATURIA ,ΣΥΝΔΡΟΜΟ ALPORT ,KIDNEY GLOMERULUS ,ALPORT SYNDROME ,Kidneys Diseases Molecular aspects ,ΜΙΚΡΟΣΚΟΠΙΚΗ ΑΙΜΑΤΟΥΡΙΑ ,ΣΠΕΙΡΑΜΑ ΝΕΦΡΟΥ ,Alport's syndrome ,THIN BASEMENT MEMBRANE NEPHROPATHY ,MODIFIER GENES ,Collagen ,Molecular genetics ,ΤΡΟΠΟΠΟΙΗΤΙΚΑ ΓΟΝΙΔΙΑ ,Kidney glomerulus Diseases Greece ,COLLAGEN IV ,Kidney glomerulus Diseases Cyprus ,ΝΕΦΡΟΠΑΘΕΙΑ ΛΕΠΤΩΝ ΒΑΣΙΚΩΝ ΜΕΜΒΡΑΝΩΝ ,Hematuria ,Kidneys Diseases Genetic aspects - Abstract
Includes bibliographical references (p. 50-58). Number of sources in the bibliography: 108 Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Cyprus, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, May 2012. The University of Cyprus Library holds the printed form of the thesis. Η παρούσα διατριβή έχει επικεντρωθεί στη διερεύνηση εμπλοκής γνωστών γονιδίων του κολλαγόνου τύπου IV της βασικής μεμβράνης του σπειράματος (COL4A4, COL4A5) καθώς και στην έρευνα για νέα γονίδια που συνδέονται με Οικογενή Μικροσκοπική Αιματουρία. Βασικός στόχος αποτέλεσε η κλινική και μοριακή διερεύνηση οικογενειών από Κυπριακό και Ελλαδικό χώρο, με απώτερο σκοπό την προσφορά προσυμπτωματικής διάγνωσης όπου ενδείκνυται, επιβεβαίωση διάγνωσης, πρόγνωσης και πρόληψης, μέσω τεκμηρίωσης του γενετικού λάθους. Φαινότυποι και διαγνώσεις που αφορούν το παρόν ερευνητικό έργο περιλαμβάνουν τις βασικότερες νόσους που έχουν συσχετιστεί με μικροσκοπική αιματουρία σπειραματικής προέλευσης, την Νεφροπάθεια των Λεπτών Βασικών Μεμβρανών (ΝΛΒΜ) και το Σύνδρομο Alport (φυλοσύνδετο και αυτοσωμικό). Για την ταυτοποίηση μεταλλαγών στο COL4A5, πραγματοποιήθηκε αλληλούχιση του γονιδίου αυτού σε εννέα οικογένειες (από Κυπριακό και Ελλαδικό χώρο), που πληρούσαν προϋποθέσεις για Σύνδρομο Alport φυλοσύνδετης κληρονόμησης. Στo πλαίσιο μελέτης συσχέτισης του γονιδίου COL4A4 με την μικροσκοπική αιματουρία, επιλέχθηκαν 123 ασθενείς εκ των οποίων περιλαμβάνονται τόσο περιπτώσεις οικογενούς κληρονόμησης, όσο και σποραδικές. Επιπρόσθετος στόχος της παρούσης ερευνητικής εργασίας αποτέλεσε και ταυτοποίηση γενετικών τροποποιητικών παραγόντων που ευθύνονται για την ύπαρξη ήπιας και σοβαρότερης μορφής οικογενούς μικροσκοπικής αιματουρίας. Η έρευνα πραγματοποιήθηκε με βάση προηγούμενων ευρημάτων στα γονίδια MYH9 και APOL1. Ανάμεσα σε 42 ασθενείς με υποψία για Σύνδρομο Alport φυλοσύνδετης κληρονόμησης, έχουν ταυτοποιηθεί τέσσερις μεταλλάξεις (E228X, 2946delT, G624D and P628L). Φορείς των δύο αντικαταστάσεων παρουσιάζουν ηπιότερο φαινότυπο (μικροσκοπική αιματουρία με ή χωρίς πρωτεϊνουρία), ως αποτέλεσμα ΝΛΒΜ. Το εύρημα αυτό είναι σύμφωνο και με αποτελέσματα άλλων ερευνητικών ομάδων. Κατά την σάρωση του γονιδίου COL4A4, έχουν ταυτοποιηθεί εφτά συνολικά μεταλλάξεις (L30F, G143V, G208D, G748S, G774S, G1015E, g. 70540del52bp). Αξίζει να σημειωθεί ότι το 23% των ανδρών και 14.3% των γυναικών φορέων COL4A4 μετάλλαξης προοδεύουν σε Χρόνια Νεφρική Νόσο και Νεφρική Νόσο Τελικού Σταδίου, επιβεβαιώνοντας προηγούμενα ευρήματα. Εν κατακλείδι, η διερεύνηση ταυτοποίησης γενετικών τροποποιητικών παραγόντων έδειξε συσχέτιση rs11089788-MYH9 με αυξανόμενο κίνδυνο για αρνητική εξέλιξη της νόσου σε νεφρική ανεπάρκεια. Familial microscopic hematuria (MH) of glomerular origin represents a heterogeneous group of monogenic conditions, involving several genes, some of which remain unknown. Three collagen IV genes, COL4A3, COL4A4 and COL4A5 explain the autosomal and X-linked forms of Alport Syndrome (ATS), as well as Thin Basement Membrane Nephropathy (TBMN). A number of X-linked ATS patients follow a milder course reminiscent of that of patients with heterozygous COL4A3/COL4A4 mutations and TBMN, while at the same time a significant subset of patients with TBMN and familial microscopic hematuria progress to chronic kidney disease or end-stage kidney disease. The present study was based on the hypothesis according to which many families or sporadic cases of microscopic hematuria, combined or not with renal failure, may be explained by COL4A3, COL4A4 or COL4A5 mutations. Firstly, DNA analysis using haplotype construction was performed for Xq22-23 (COL4A5) and 2q36-37 (COL4A3/COL4A4) loci was performed, followed by screening and identification of relevant causative mutations in these genes. In addition, this work was aiming to genotype-phenotype correlation of X-linked ATS patients, as well as to the identification of modifier genetic factors responsible for the existence of mild and severe cases of familial hematuria. We based our decision solely on the strength on previous genetic associations implicating MYH9 and APOL1 genes. Among 42 patients of nine Hellenic families suspected to have X-linked Alport syndrome, eleven nucleotide variants were identified, four of which are causative mutations (E228X, 2946delT, G624D and P628L). The findings in families segregating mutations G624D and P628L are indicative of less severe phenotypes, stretching the phenotypic expression to only microhematuria with or without proteinuria, as a result of TBMN. This observation is confirmed by several investigators. During screening of COL4A4 gene seven mutations (L30F, G143V, G208D, G748S, G774S, G1015E, g. 70540del52bp) were detected as well as numerous SNPs. Interestingly, the percentage of the individuals progressing either to CKD or ESKD, reaches 23% for male and 14.3% for female mutation carriers. Recent data on a large Cypriot cohort confirm that not all TBMN cases will follow a benign course and regular annual check-ups, including tests for proteinuria, should alert patients and physicians to the possibility of progression into CKD and eventually ESKD. A renal biopsy should be seriously considered at this stage and appropriate measures should be taken to arrest the progression of the disease. Finally, experimentations for modifier genetic factor investigation showed significance only for rs11089788-MYH9. The finding that rs11089788 is important and critical in increasing the risk for proteinuria and progressive renal failure on the background of a primary monogenic glomerulopathy may prove useful regarding early and effective interventions. However, it remains unclear how certain non-coding MYH9 variants are associated with renal failure in multiple populations and nephropathies.
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- 2012
110. Two case reports of a novel missense mutation in the PNPLA6 gene in two siblings with chorioretinal dystrophy, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and cerebellar ataxia.
- Author
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Liampas A, Nicolaou P, Votsi C, Georghiou A, Christodoulou K, Tanteles GA, and Pantzaris M
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- Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Mutation, Missense genetics, Pedigree, Phospholipases genetics, Siblings, Spinocerebellar Ataxias genetics, Acyltransferases genetics, Cerebellar Ataxia genetics, Hypogonadism genetics, Retinal Dystrophies genetics
- Abstract
Background: Boucher Neuhäuser Syndrome (BNS) is a rare disease with autosomal recessive inheritance defined by the classical triad; early-onset ataxia, hypogonadism and chorioretinal dystrophy., Case Presentation: We present two siblings diagnosed with BNS at midlife, identified with homozygous state of a novel PNPLA6 missense mutation. One healthy sibling and the mother were heterozygous carriers of the mutation. The proband presented with the classical triad and the other sibling presented with visual problems at first. The proband was referred to our department by a private Neurologist, in early adulthood, because of hypogonadism, cerebellar ataxia, axonal neuropathy, and chorioretinal dystrophy for further evaluation. The sibling was referred to our department for evaluation, at childhood, due to visual problems. Later, the patient displayed the triad of ataxia, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and chorioretinal dystrophy. The unusual medical history of the two siblings led to further examinations and eventually the diagnosis of the first BNS cases in Cyprus. WES-based ataxia in silico gene panel analysis revealed 15 genetic variants and further filtering analysis revealed the PNPLA6 c.3323G > A variant. Segregation analysis in the family with Sanger sequencing confirmed the PNPLA6 homozygous variant c.3323G > A, p.Arg1108Gln in exon 29., Conclusions: This highlights the importance of considering rare inherited causes of visual loss, spinocerebellar ataxia, or/and HH in a neurology clinic and the significant role of genetic sequencing in the diagnostic process., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)
- Published
- 2024
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111. Novel de novo DNMT1 gene mutation associated with hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy 1E (HSAN1E).
- Author
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Parissis D, Christodoulou K, and Kleopa KA
- Subjects
- Humans, DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1 genetics, Mutation genetics, Hereditary Sensory and Autonomic Neuropathies genetics
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
112. ANO10 Function in Health and Disease.
- Author
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Chrysanthou A, Ververis A, and Christodoulou K
- Subjects
- Humans, Anoctamins, Membrane Proteins, Calcium metabolism, Spinocerebellar Ataxias
- Abstract
Anoctamin 10 (ANO10), also known as TMEM16K, is a transmembrane protein and member of the anoctamin family characterized by functional duality. Anoctamins manifest ion channel and phospholipid scrambling activities and are involved in many physiological processes such as cell division, migration, apoptosis, cell signalling, and developmental processes. Several diseases, including neurological, muscle, blood disorders, and cancer, have been associated with the anoctamin family proteins. ANO10, which is the main focus of the present review, exhibits both scrambling and chloride channel activity; calcium availability is necessary for protein activation in either case. Additional processes implicating ANO10 include endosomal sorting, spindle assembly, and calcium signalling. Dysregulation of calcium signalling in Purkinje cells due to ANO10 defects is proposed as the main mechanism leading to spinocerebellar ataxia autosomal recessive type 10 (SCAR10), a rare, slowly progressive spinocerebellar ataxia. Regulation of the endolysosomal pathway is an additional ANO10 function linked to SCAR10 aetiology. Further functional investigation is essential to unravel the ANO10 mechanism of action and involvement in disease development., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2023
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113. The phenotypic spectrum of pathogenic ATP1A1 variants expands: the novel p.P600R substitution causes demyelinating Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.
- Author
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Cinarli Yuksel F, Nicolaou P, Spontarelli K, Dohrn MF, Rebelo AP, Koutsou P, Georghiou A, Artigas P, Züchner SL, Kleopa KA, and Christodoulou K
- Subjects
- Humans, Adenosine Triphosphatases genetics, Mutation, Ouabain, Phenotype, Proteins genetics, Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase genetics, Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease genetics, Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease pathology
- Abstract
Background: Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is a genetically and clinically heterogeneous group of inherited neuropathies. Monoallelic pathogenic variants in ATP1A1 were associated with axonal and intermediate CMT. ATP1A1 encodes for the catalytic α1 subunit of the Na
+ / K+ ATPase. Besides neuropathy, other associated phenotypes are spastic paraplegia, intellectual disability, and renal hypomagnesemia. We hereby report the first demyelinating CMT case due to a novel ATP1A1 variant., Methods: Whole-exome sequencing on the patient's genomic DNA and Sanger sequencing to validate and confirm the segregation of the identified p.P600R ATP1A1 variation were performed. To evaluate functional effects, blood-derived mRNA and protein levels of ATP1A1 and the auxiliary β1 subunit encoded by ATP1B1 were investigated. The ouabain-survival assay was performed in transfected HEK cells to assess cell viability, and two-electrode voltage clamp studies were performed in Xenopus oocytes., Results: The variant was absent in the local and global control datasets, falls within a highly conserved protein position, and is in a missense-constrained region. The expression levels of ATP1A1 and ATP1B1 were significantly reduced in the patient compared to healthy controls. Electrophysiology indicated that ATP1A1p.P600R injected Xenopus oocytes have reduced Na+ / K+ ATPase function. Moreover, HEK cells transfected with a construct encoding ATP1A1p.P600R harbouring variants that confers ouabain insensitivity displayed a significant decrease in cell viability after ouabain treatment compared to the wild type, further supporting the pathogenicity of this variant., Conclusion: Our results further confirm the causative role of ATP1A1 in peripheral neuropathy and broaden the mutational and phenotypic spectrum of ATP1A1-associated CMT., (© 2023. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2023
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- View/download PDF
114. Enrichr in silico analysis of MS-based extracted candidate proteomic biomarkers highlights pathogenic pathways in systemic sclerosis.
- Author
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Chairta PP, Nicolaou P, and Christodoulou K
- Subjects
- Humans, Fibrosis, Biomarkers, Mass Spectrometry, Proteomics, Scleroderma, Systemic pathology
- Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rheumatic disease characterised by vasculopathy, inflammation and fibrosis. Its aetiopathogenesis is still unknown, and the pathways/mechanisms of the disease are not clarified. This study aimed to perform in silico analysis of the already Mass Spectrometry (MS)-based discovered biomarkers of SSc to extract possible pathways/mechanisms implicated in the disease. We recorded all published candidate MS-based found biomarkers related to SSc. We then selected a number of the candidate biomarkers using specific criteria and performed pathway and cellular component analyses using Enrichr. We used PANTHER and STRING to assess the biological processes and the interactions of the recorded proteins, respectively. Pathway analysis extracted several pathways that are associated with the three different stages of SSc pathogenesis. Some of these pathways are also related to other diseases, including autoimmune diseases. We observe that these biomarkers are located in several cellular components and implicated in many biological processes. STRING analysis showed that some proteins interact, creating significant clusters, while others do not display any evidence of an interaction. All these data highlight the complexity of SSc, and further investigation of the extracted pathways/biological processes and interactions may help study the disease from a different angle., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
115. PathIN: an integrated tool for the visualization of pathway interaction networks.
- Author
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Minadakis G, Christodoulou K, Tsouloupas G, and Spyrou GM
- Abstract
PathIN is a web-service that provides an easy and flexible way for rapidly creating pathway-based networks at several functional biological levels: genes, compounds and reactions. The tool is supported by a database repository of reference pathway networks across a large set of species, developed through the freely available information included in the KEGG, Reactome and Wiki Pathways database repositories. PathIN provides networks by means of five diverse methodologies: (a) direct connections between pathways of interest, (b) direct connections as well as the first neighbours of the given pathways, (c) direct connections, the first neighbours and the connections in between them, and (d) two additional methodologies for creating complementary pathway-to-pathway networks that involve additional (missing) pathways that interfere in-between pathways of interest. PathIN is expected to be used as a simple yet informative reference tool for understanding networks of molecular mechanisms related to specific diseases., Competing Interests: The authors have declared no Conflict of Interest., (© 2022 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Research Network of Computational and Structural Biotechnology.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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116. Gene variants of adhesion molecules act as modifiers of disease severity in MS.
- Author
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Dardiotis E, Panayiotou E, Provatas A, Christodoulou K, Hadjisavvas A, Antoniades A, Lourbopoulos A, Pantzaris M, Grigoriadis N, Hadjigeorgiou GM, and Kyriakides T
- Abstract
Objective: To assess the potential effect of variants in genes encoding molecules that are implicated in leukocyte trafficking into the CNS on the clinical phenotype of multiple sclerosis (MS)., Methods: A total of 389 Greek MS cases and 336 controls were recruited in 3 MS centers from Cyprus and Greece. We genotyped 147 tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 9 genes encoding for P-selectin ( SELP ), integrins ( ITGA4 , ITGB1 , and ITGB7 ), adhesion molecules ( ICAM1 , VCAM1 , and MADCAM1 ), fibronectin 1 ( FN1 ), and osteopontin ( SPP1 ) involved in lymphocyte adhesion and trafficking into the CNS. Clinical end points of the study were age at MS onset and MS severity as measured by the Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score. Permutation testing was applied to all analyses., Results: SNPs rs6721763 of the ITGA4 and rs6532040 of the SPP1 were found to significantly influence disease severity (permutation p values: 3.00e-06 and 0.009884, respectively). SNP rs1250249 of the FN1 had a dose-dependent effect on age at disease onset (permutation p value: 0.0002)., Conclusions: This study provides evidence implicating variants encoding adhesion molecules, responsible for lymphocyte adhesion and trafficking within the CNS, as modifiers of MS disease severity. These genetic biomarkers, which can be available at the time of diagnosis, may be used to assess the biological aggressiveness of the disease and thus guide decisions on treatment.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
117. EMQN Best Practice Guidelines for molecular genetic testing of SCAs.
- Author
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Sequeiros J, Martindale J, Seneca S, Giunti P, Kämäräinen O, Volpini V, Weirich H, Christodoulou K, Bazak N, Sinke R, Sulek-Piatkowska A, Garcia-Planells J, Davis M, Frontali M, Hämäläinen P, Wieczorek S, Zühlke C, Saraiva-Pereira ML, Warner J, Leguern E, Thonney F, Quintáns Castro B, Jonasson J, Storm K, Andersson A, Ravani A, Correia L, Silveira I, Alonso I, Martins C, Pinto Basto J, Coutinho P, Perdigão A, Barton D, and Davis M
- Subjects
- Humans, Genetic Testing methods, Spinocerebellar Ataxias diagnosis, Spinocerebellar Ataxias genetics
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
118. A novel ALS2 splice-site mutation in a Cypriot juvenile-onset primary lateral sclerosis family.
- Author
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Mintchev N, Zamba-Papanicolaou E, Kleopa KA, and Christodoulou K
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Cyprus, DNA Mutational Analysis, Exons genetics, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Family Health, Genetic Linkage, Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors genetics, Motor Neuron Disease genetics, RNA Splice Sites genetics
- Abstract
Background: Primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) is a rare neurodegenerative disease that affects the upper motor neurons of the CNS. Juvenile-onset PLS (JPLS) is inherited in an autosomal recessive mode and is also found in sporadic cases. A consanguineous Cypriot family with three affected individuals presenting with JPLS was identified and studied., Methods: Patients were clinically evaluated and samples were taken from consenting family members. All available family members were genotyped and linkage analysis at marker loci spanning the wider region of the ALS2 gene was performed. Selected exons of the ALS2 gene were sequenced and RNA analysis was performed using available lymphoblastoid cell lines from the proband., Results: All affected individuals presented in the second year of life with progressive upper motor neuron dysfunction, affecting both bulbar and extremity muscles. Severity was variable, with two of the patients remaining ambulatory in the second and fifth decade of life while the third one was never able to walk. A novel ALS2 homozygous c.2980-2A>G mutation at the splice acceptor site of intron 17 was identified and its effect was confirmed at the RNA level., Conclusions: This novel ALS2 splice-site mutation is causing the loss of exon 18 in the transcript which results in a frameshift after exon 17. This frameshift most probably introduces a stop codon seven amino acids further down the new reading frame (p.993fsX7) and is expected to lead to a premature stop in exon 19 thus leading to a truncated protein after translation.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
119. Complete deletion of the aprataxin gene: ataxia with oculomotor apraxia type 1 with severe phenotype and cognitive deficit.
- Author
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Yoon G, Westmacott R, Macmillan L, Quercia N, Koutsou P, Georghiou A, Christodoulou K, and Banwell B
- Abstract
Ataxia with oculomotor apraxia type 1 (AOA1) is a recently described autosomal-recessive neurodegenerative condition of childhood onset. It is caused by mutations in the APTX gene, which encodes the protein aprataxin. Clinical features include gait and limb ataxia, dysarthria, oculomotor apraxia, mild peripheral neuropathy and progression of neurological deficits.1 Some patients manifest parkinsonian symptoms or mental retardation, although the latter has been reported predominantly in Japanese patients.2 We report a patient with homozygous deletion of APTX, who presented with behavioural changes (social withdrawal), and subsequent rapid progression of neurological symptoms associated with severe cognitive decline. We suggest that complete deletion of APTX is associated with a more severe phenotype than that associated with point mutations.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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