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" Chamalycaeus " panshiensis Chen, 1989 Chamalycaeus panshiensis Chen, 1989: 157 –159. Type locality. "HONGN-aN fOrEsTry CENTrE, PaNsHI COUNTy (43°15'N, 126°10'E), JILIN PrOvINCE, CHINa ". Original description. " SHELL smaLL, THIN sUbdEprEssEd, sEmITraNsparENT. WHOrLs 4–4½, mOdEraTELy CONvExspIrE LOw, CONCId, THE LasT NarrOwLy rOUNdEd pErIpHEraLLy, aNd dEEpLy dEsCENdING IN frONT, wITH dEEp sUTUrE, NEarLy LUsTErLEss ExCEpT THE prOTOCONCH aNd sECONd, sUrfaCE vEry fINELy aNd sOmEwHaT rEGULarLy rIb-sTrIaTEd axIaLLy, aNd THE prOTOCONCH aNd sECONd wITH LUsTrE, GENEraLLy smOOTH, aNd wITH a prOjECTION as wOrmfOrm aT THE sUTUrE Of bOdy wHOrLs. SHELLs yELLOwIsH brOwN Or HOrN-yELLOwIsH brOwN. UmbILICUs wIdE, rEGULarLy wIdENING, sHOwING THE EarLIEr wHOrLs INsIdE; ApErTarE CIrCULar, THICk, wITH TwO LOps, aNd sOmEwHaT ExpaNdEd aNd rEfLECTEd. OpErCULUm CIrCULar, sINk, bUT THE INNEr sUrfaCE Has a papULE-fOrm prOjECTION. RadULa wITH 1 CENTraL TOOTH, 1 LaTEraL aNd 2 marGINaL TEETH, ExCEpT THE marGINaL TEETH, THE CENTraL aNd LaTEraL TEETH wITH ECTOCONEs, bUT THE marGINaL TOOTH wITH a HOOk." Remarks. THE dEsCrIpTION aNd THE OrIGINaL fIGUrEs arE INsUffICIENT TO dECIdE THE GENErIC pLaCEmENT Of THIs spECIEs., Published as part of Asami, Takahiro, 2017, Revision of the Alycaeidae of China, Laos and Vietnam (Gastropoda: Cyclophoroidea) I: The genera Dicharax and Metalycaeus, pp. 1-124 in Zootaxa 4331 (1) on page 107, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4331.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1009725, {"references":["Chen, D. - N. (1989) A new species of operculated land snail from China (Mesogastropoda: Cyclophoridae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 14 (2), 157 - 159."]}

Asami, Takahiro (2017): Revision of the Alycaeidae of China, Laos and Vietnam (Gastropoda: Cyclophoroidea) I: The genera Dicharax and Metalycaeus. Zootaxa 4331 (1): 1-124, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4331.1.1

Pincerna Preston, 1907 Alycaeus (Pincerna) Preston, 1907: 206. Pincerna — Páll-Gergely, 2017: 214. Type species. Alycaeus (Pincerna) liratula PrEsTON, 1907 (FIGUrE 3D), by OrIGINaL dEsIGNaTION. Species inhabiting China, Laos and Vietnam. P. costulosa (Bavay & DaUTzENbErG, 1912) (FIGUrE 3F), P. maolanensis (LUO, ZHaNG & ZHUO 2009). Remarks. ALL spECIEs wErE ExamINEd. Pincerna was ErECTEd fOr a sINGLE spECIEs, Alycaeus (Pincerna) liratula basEd ON THE OUTEr sUrfaCE Of THE OpErCULUm, wHICH Has a "HOLLOw prOTUbEraNCE IN THE fOrm Of a CIrCULar CUp". THIs NamE was UsEd as a syNONym Of Alycaeus IN sUbsEqUENT pUbLICaTIONs. THE OUTEr sUrfaCE Of THE OpErCULUm Is TOO varIabLE TO bE UsEfUL fOr GENUs-LEvEL CLassIfICaTION Of aLyCaEId spECIEs (UNpUbLIsHEd INfOrmaTION, PáLL-GErGELy et al. IN prEp.). HOwEvEr, THE NamE Pincerna CaN bE UsEd aT THE GENUs LEvEL fOr spECIEs THaT sHarE THE fOLLOwING TraITs: spIrE ELEvaTEd (sHELL dIamETEr aNd sHELL HEIGHT arE rOUGHLy THE samE mEasUrEmENT, Or sHELL HEIGHT Is LarGEr), sHELL OvOId Or GLObOsE, prOTOCONCH wITHOUT spIraL sTrIaTION, R1 wITH fINE spIraL sTrIaTION, R2 sHOrT TO vEry sHOrT, smOOTH Or wITH LOw wrINkLEs. THE GENUs Cycloryx GOdwIN-AUsTEN, 1914 Is a syNONym Of Pincerna (PáLL-GErGELy 2017)., Published as part of Asami, Takahiro, 2017, Revision of the Alycaeidae of China, Laos and Vietnam (Gastropoda: Cyclophoroidea) I: The genera Dicharax and Metalycaeus, pp. 1-124 in Zootaxa 4331 (1) on page 10, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4331.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1009725, {"references":["Preston, H. B. (1907) Description of a new subgenus and species of Alycaeus from Ke-Lan-Tan. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London, 7, 206. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / oxfordjournals. mollus. a 066171","Pall-Gergely, B. (2017) A new species of Alycaeidae, Pincerna yanseni n. sp. from Sumatra, with the resurrection of the genus Pincerna Preston, 1907 (Gastropoda: Cyclophoroidea). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 65, 213 - 219.","Bavay, A. & Dautzenberg, Ph. (1912) Description de Coquilles nouvelles de I'Indo-Chine. Journal de Conchyliologie, 60, 1 - 54.","Luo, T. - C., Zhang, W. - H. & Zhuo, W. - C. (2009) A new species of the genus Dioryx Benson from China (Prosobranchia, Mesogastropoda, Cyclophoridae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 34 (4), 862 - 864."]}

Dioryx Benson, 1859 Dioryx Benson, 1859: 177. Type species. Alycaeus amphora BENsON, 1856, by sUbsEqUENT dEsIGNaTION (GUdE 1921). Species inhabiting China, Laos and Vietnam. D. bacca (PfEIffEr, 1862), D. cariniger MöLLENdOrff, 1897, D. cochinensis (GOdwIN-AUsTEN, 1914), D. compactus (Bavay & DaUTzENbErG, 1900) (FIGUrE 4C), D. dautzenbergi PáLL-GErGELy NOm. NOv. (FIGUrE 4A), D. dongiensis VarGa 1972, Dioryx globuloides (ZILCH, 1957) (FIGUrE 4D), D. kobeltianus MOELLENdOrff 1875 (FIGUrE 4E), D. menglunensis CHEN & ZHaNG 1998; D. messageri (Bavay & DaUTzENbErG, 1900) (FIGUrE 4B), D. monadicus (HEUdE, 1890), D. pilula (GOULd, 1859), D. pocsi VarGa, 1972, D. requiescens (MabILLE, 1887), D. ruyangensis HU, YIN, & CHEN, 2004, D. setchuanensis (HEUdE, 1885), D. tangmaiensis CHEN & ZHaNG, 2001. Remarks. ALL bUT THE fOLLOwING spECIEs wErE ExamINEd by Us: D. menglunensis, D. tangmaiensis. WE prOpOsE a rEpLaCEmENT NamE fOr Alycaeus (Dioryx) major Bavay & DaUTzENbErG, 1900, NON Alycaeus (Dioryx) granum var. major GOdwIN-AUsTEN, 1893 (D. dautzenbergi PáLL-GErGELy NOm. NOv.). THE NamE dautzenbergi dErIvEs frOm ZILCH, wHO wrOTE THIs prEvIOUsLy UNpUbLIsHEd maNUsCrIpT NamE ON a LabEL Of Dioryx major., Published as part of Asami, Takahiro, 2017, Revision of the Alycaeidae of China, Laos and Vietnam (Gastropoda: Cyclophoroidea) I: The genera Dicharax and Metalycaeus, pp. 1-124 in Zootaxa 4331 (1) on page 10, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4331.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1009725, {"references":["Benson, W. H. (1859) A Sectional Distribution of the genus Alycaeus, Gray, with Characters of six new species and of other Cyclostomidae collected at Darjiling by W. T. Blanford, Esq., Geol. Survey. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 3 (3), 176 - 184.","Benson, W. H. (1856) Characters of seventeen new forms of the Cyclostomacea from the British Provinces of Burmah, collected by W. Theobald, jun., Esq. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 2, 17, 225 - 233.","Gude, G. K. (1921) The Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma. Mollusca. - III. Land operculates (Cyclophoridae, Truncatellidae, Assimineidae, Helicinidae). Taylor and Francis, London, 386 pp.","Pfeiffer, L. (1862) Descriptions of Thirty-six New Land Shells, from the Collection of H. Cuming. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1860, 268 - 278.","Kobelt, W. & Mollendorff, O. von (1897) Catalog der gegenvartig lebend bekannten Pneumonopomen. Nachrichtsblatt der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft, 29, 73 - 88, 105 - 120, 137 - 152.","Varga, A. (1972) Neue Schnecken-Arten aus Vietnam (Gastropoda, Cyclophoridae). Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, 64, 133 - 137.","Zilch, A. (1957) Die Typen und Typoide der Natur-Museums Senckenberg, 20: Mollusca, Cyclophoridae, Alycaeinae. Archiv fur Molluskenkunde, 86 (4 / 6), 141 - 150.","Moellendorff, O. F. von (1875) Chinesische Landschnecken. Jahrbucher der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft, 2, 118 - 126.","Heude, R. P. M. (1890) Memoires concernant l'histoire naturelle de l'empire chinois par des peres de la Compagnie de Jesus. Notes sur les Mollusques terrestres de la vallee du Fleuve Bleu. Vol. IV. Mission Catholique, Chang-Hai, 64 pp. [pp. 125 - 188]","Gould, A. A. (1859) [Descriptions of Shells Collected at the North Pacific Exploring Expedition]. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, 6, 422 - 426. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 4821","Mabille, M. J. (1887) Sur Quelques Mollusques du Tonkin. Bulletins de la Societe Malacologique de France, 4, 73 - 164.","Heude, R. P. M. (1885) Memoires concernant l'histoire naturelle de l'empire chinois par des peres de la Compagnie de Jesus. Notes sur les Mollusques terrestres de la vallee du Fleuve Bleu. Vol. III. Mission Catholique, Chang-Hai, 44 pp. [pp. 89 - 132]","Chen, D. - N. & Zhang, G. - Q. (2001) Five new species of land shells from the Tibet Autonomous Region, China. Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 26 (1), 184 - 190."]}

Leptopoma is a species rich genus with approximately 100 species documented according to shell morphology and animal anatomy. Many of the Leptopoma species are described in terms of shell size, shape, sculpture and colour patterns of a small number of examined materials. However, the implications of the inter- and intra-species variations in shell form to the taxonomy of Leptopoma species and the congruency of its current shell based taxonomy with its molecular phylogeny are still unclear. Over the last decade, more than 900 collection lots consisting of more than 4000 Leptopoma specimens have been obtained in Sabah and deposited in BORNEENSIS at Universiti Malaysia Sabah. Access to this collection gave us the opportunity to examine the geographical variations in shell forms and the phylogenetic relationship of Leptopoma species in Sabah. The phylogenetic relationship of three Leptopoma species was first estimated by performing maximum likelihood and Bayesian analysis based on mitochondrial genes (16S and COI) and nuclear gene (ITS-1). After this, a total of six quantitative shell characters (i.e. shell height, shell width, aperture height, aperture width, shell spire height, and ratio of shell height and width) and three qualitative shell characters (i.e. shell colour patterns, spiral ridges, and dark ring band in aperture) of the specimens were mapped across the phylogenetic tree and tested for phylogenetic signals. Data on shell characters of Leptopoma sericatum and Leptopoma pellucidum from two different locations (i.e. Balambangan Island and Kinabatangan) where both species occurred sympatrically were then obtained to examine the geographical variations in shell form. The molecular phylogenetic analyses suggested that each of the three Leptopoma species was monophyletic and indicated congruence with one of the shell characters (i.e. shell spiral ridges) in the current morphological-based classification. Other qualitative and quantitative shell characters were incongruent with the Leptopoma species phylogeny. Although the geographical variation analyses suggested some of the shell characters indicating inter-species differences between the two Leptopoma species, these also pointed to intra-species differences between populations from different locations. This study provides an initiation to resolve the taxonomy conundrum for the remaining 100 little known Leptopoma species from other regions and highlights a need to assess variations in shell characters before they could be used in species classification.

Genus Pincerna Preston, 1907 Pincerna Preston, 1907: 206. (introduced as a subgenus of Alycaeus, but apparently used on genus level). Alycaeus (Cycloryx) Godwin-Austen, 1914: 334. New synonym Type species. Pincerna liratula Preston, 1907, by monotypy. Alycaeus thieroti Morgan, 1885 (Type locality: “G. Lano” near Perak) is very similar to Pincerna liratula (“Ke-lantan” in the Malay Peninsula); the latter might be a junior synonym of the former. Remarks. The genus-level revision of the family Alycaeidae is in progress and beyond the scope of the present paper. However, to place the new species in a genus correctly, some information on the relationship of the genus Cycloryx Godwin-Austen, 1914, and Pincerna Preston, 1907, must be added. The discovery of Pincerna yanseni n. sp. is surprising because it shows only superficial similarity with most other Alycaeidae of the Malay Archipelago, but it is similar to many species from northeastern India and Myanmar classified in the genus Cycloryx. The genus Cycloryx (type species: Alycaeus constrictus Benson, 1851 by original designation, Fig. 1A) was erected as a subgenus of Alycaeus Baird, 1850, and was diagnosed on the basis of the ovately conoid shell shape, the regular ribbing on the upper whorls, and the extremely short, often clubbed or pear-shaped sutural tube (Godwin-Austen, 1914). Godwin-Austen (1914) only included species from northeastern India and Burma (Rakhin = Arakan, and the Shan States). However, the diagnosis of Cycloryx matches several species extralimital to the distributional range as defined by Godwin-Austen: Alycaeus costulosus Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1912 (northern Vietnam), Alycaeus globosus H. Adams, 1870 and its subspecies (Borneo), Dioryx maolanensis Luo et al., 2009 (Guizhou, China), Alycaeus thieroti Morgan, 1885 (Perak, Malay Peninsula), and Pincerna liratula Preston, 1907 (Malay Peninsula and Sumatra). Some populations of the latter species have a slightly longer tube than the other species, but have the typical rather globular shell shape with strong radial sculpture. Originally, the subgenus Pincerna was diagnosed on the basis of a “circular cup” on the outer surface of the operculum. The outer surface of operculum, however, has limited taxonomic value on the genus level in the Alycaeidae, especially that outer rings have been developed in multiple alycaeid genera (Páll-Gergely et al., in press). Consequently, no important shell characters distinguish Cycloryx and Pincerna, and they should be synonymised. Because Pincerna has been introduced earlier, Cycloryx is a junior synonym., Published as part of Páll-Gergely, Barna, 2017, A new species of Alycaeidae, Pincerna yanseni n. sp. from Sumatra, with the resurrection of the genus Pincerna Preston, 1907 (Gastropoda: Cyclophoroidea), pp. 213-219 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 65 on page 214, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4502847, {"references":["Preston HB (1907) Description of a new subgenus and species of Alycaeus from Ke-Lan-Tan. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London, 7: 206.","Morgan J de (1885) Mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles du Royaume de Perak et des pais voisins (presque'Ile Malaise). Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France, 10: 353 - 429.","Benson WH (1851) Geographical notices, and characters of fourteen new species of Cyclostoma, from the East Indies. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Ser. 2 (8): 184 - 195.","Baird W (1850) Nomenclature of Molluscous Animals and Shells in the Collection of the British Museum. Part I. Cyclophoridae. Printed by order of the trustees [by Spottiswoodes and Shaw], London, 69 pp.","Bavay A & Dautzenberg P (1912) Description de Coquilles nouvelles de I'Indo-Chine. Journal de Conchyliologie, 60: 1 - 54.","Adams H (1870) Descriptions of two new genera and five new species of shells. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1870: 793 - 795.","Luo T-C, Zhang W-H & Zhou W-C (2009) A new species of the genus Dioryx Benson from China (Prosobranchia, Mesogastropoda, Cyclophoridae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 34 (4): 862 - 864. [In Mandarin Chinese]"]}

The earliest Miocene (Aquitanian, 23–21 Ma) Hang Mon Formation at Hang Mon in Northern Vietnam has yielded a rich assemblage of terrestrial gastropods. Four species from this assemblage belong to the land caenogastropod superfamily Cyclophoroidea. Three of these are assigned to genera with Recent representatives in Southeast Asia and are described as new species: Cyclophorus hangmonensis Raheem & Schneider sp. nov. (Cyclophoridae: Cyclophorini), Alycaeus sonlaensis Raheem & Schneider sp. nov. (Cyclophoridae: Alycaeinae) and Tortulosa naggsi Raheem & Schneider sp. nov (Pupinidae: Pupinellinae). These fossil species represent the earliest records for their genera and are thus of great value for calibrating molecular phylogenies of the Cyclophoroidea. The fourth species is represented only by poorly preserved fragments and is retained in open nomenclature in the Cyclophoridae. While extant Cyclophoroidea have their greatest diversity in Tropical Asia, the oldest fossils described to date from the region are from the Late Pleistocene. The fossils from Hang Mon predate these by more than 20 million years and are also globally among the earliest cyclophoroideans recorded from the area of the present-day forested Tropics. Cyclophoroidea older than the Miocene are only known from Europe. Given that Recent Cyclophoridae and Pupinidae are typically associated with tropical forests, it seems likely that the Hang Mon fossils were also tropical forest taxa and that suitable habitat was present in the general vicinity of Hang Mon in the earliest Miocene. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:B0C2C715-1184-4930-BD94-21ED1E9281B4

The present catalogue lists the type specimens of land snail species, collected from Taiwan and deposited in the Natural History Museum, London. Thirty-seven nominal species described by Pfeiffer, Adams, Nevill, Moellendorff, Godwin-Austen and Gude were traced. I present here information on type status, collection data obtained from the registers and labels of each collection, and annotations on the current taxonomic affiliation. Lectotypes of 28 nominal (sub)species were newly designated. One holotype was fixed originally and two holotypes newly fixed by monotypy. Syntypes of two species and paralectotypes of three species were also discovered in the Museum. No specimen of the species Pupina adamsi Sowerby, 1878, which was supposed to be deposited in the NHM, was found. Pictures of the name-bearing types are provided for further research on biodiversity of the island.

The collection of land caenogastropod snails in the genus Cyclophorus Monfort, 1810 housed in the Natural History Museum, London (NHM), includes 52 type lots. Lectotypes have been designated for 41 available species-level names to stabilize existing nomenclature, three previously designated lectotype, two holotypes, one paratype, two syntypes, one possible syntype and two paralectotypes are also listed. A complete catalogue of the Cyclophorus types in NHM, London is provided for the first time.

Vargapupa humilis n. sp. Figures 3 A–I. Material examined. Holotype (one empty shell, MNHN IM- 2012-27159, Figs 3 A–E), paratype (one empty shell with broken apex, MNHN 2012-27160, Figs 3 F–I), and one non-type (one juvenile empty shell, MNHN IM- 2012-27161). Central Laos, Luang Prabang province, just NE of Phou Khoun, under rocks in old secondary forest above large cave, 1177 m a.s.l., 19°26.784'N, 102°26.290'E, leg. Ahmed Abdou & Igor V. Muratov, 15.11.2006. (locality code: 32L06). Etymology. The species epithet humilis (Latin: low, small, slight) refers to the basal keel, which is weaker than in the other two Vargapupa species. Diagnosis. A Vargapupa species with rather spindle-shaped shell, nearly rounded aperture and low basal keel. Description. Shell rather spindle shaped, light brownish-greyish, with 9 regularly increasing, moderately bulging whorls; protoconch of slightly less than one whorl, very finely granulated, not glossy, without radial sculpture; teleoconch with regular, strong but blunt ribs without spiral striation; ribs lacking on neck region above keel (this area is irregularly, finely wrinkled), but 4 to 5 rather regular ribs present behind peristome; ribs stronger between keel and umbilicus than elsewhere; basal keel blunt, low, starts one half whorl before the aperture, above umbilicus, and ends just a bit before the peristome; groove corresponding to keel inside aperture absent; ribs present on keel, especially in the paratype (Fig. 3 H); the white line visible above keel of the holotype (Fig 3 E) is not a thickening of inner shell surface; aperture nearly rounded, palatal-parietal transition angled, columellar-parietal transition not angled; peristome slightly oblique from lateral view (Figs 3 C, I); parietal callus well developed; apertural rim lighter colour than rest of shell, thickened and slightly reflexed, especially in the direction of the umbilicus; umbilicus very slightly open, slit-like. Measurements of the holotype. H: 8.55 mm, W: 3.0 mm. The other two examined shells are broken. Remarks. Vargapupa oharai is much larger, possesses a very strong main basal keel and a weaker additional one, has a channel in the basal part of the aperture corresponding with the main keel, a nearly rectangular aperture, and a less oblique peristome (from lateral view). Vargapupa biheli Páll-Gergely, 2015 possesses a single basal keel that is much stronger than that of the new species, and has a slender triangular shell, which is rather spindle-shaped in V. humilis n. sp. Moreover, similarly to V. oharai, V. biheli also has a less oblique peristome, a slight apertural basal channel corresponding with the keel, and a somewhat rectangular aperture. Distribution. Vargapupa humilis n. sp. is known from the type locality only.

Genus Vargapupa P��ll-Gergely, 2015 Vargapupa P��ll-Gergely in P��ll-Gergely et al. 2015: p. 42. Type species: Vargapupa oharai P��ll-Gergely, 2015, by original designation., Published as part of P��ll-Gergely, Barna, 2016, A new species of Vargapupa P��ll-Gergely, 2015 and a new synonym of Pseudopomatias M��llendorff, 1885 (Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda: Pupinidae), pp. 431-434 in Zootaxa 4139 (3) on page 431, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4139.3.9, http://zenodo.org/record/264129, {"references":["Pall-Gergely, B., Feher, Z., Hunyadi, A. & Asami, T. (2015) Revision of the genus Pseudopomatias and its relatives (Gastropoda: Cyclophoroidea: Pupinidae). Zootaxa, 3937 (1), 1 - 49. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3937.1"]}

Vargapupa humilis n. sp. Figures 3 A���I. Material examined. Holotype (one empty shell, MNHN IM- 2012-27159, Figs 3 A���E), paratype (one empty shell with broken apex, MNHN 2012-27160, Figs 3 F���I), and one non-type (one juvenile empty shell, MNHN IM- 2012-27161). Central Laos, Luang Prabang province, just NE of Phou Khoun, under rocks in old secondary forest above large cave, 1177 m a.s.l., 19��26.784'N, 102��26.290'E, leg. Ahmed Abdou & Igor V. Muratov, 15.11.2006. (locality code: 32L06). Etymology. The species epithet humilis (Latin: low, small, slight) refers to the basal keel, which is weaker than in the other two Vargapupa species. Diagnosis. A Vargapupa species with rather spindle-shaped shell, nearly rounded aperture and low basal keel. Description. Shell rather spindle shaped, light brownish-greyish, with 9 regularly increasing, moderately bulging whorls; protoconch of slightly less than one whorl, very finely granulated, not glossy, without radial sculpture; teleoconch with regular, strong but blunt ribs without spiral striation; ribs lacking on neck region above keel (this area is irregularly, finely wrinkled), but 4 to 5 rather regular ribs present behind peristome; ribs stronger between keel and umbilicus than elsewhere; basal keel blunt, low, starts one half whorl before the aperture, above umbilicus, and ends just a bit before the peristome; groove corresponding to keel inside aperture absent; ribs present on keel, especially in the paratype (Fig. 3 H); the white line visible above keel of the holotype (Fig 3 E) is not a thickening of inner shell surface; aperture nearly rounded, palatal-parietal transition angled, columellar-parietal transition not angled; peristome slightly oblique from lateral view (Figs 3 C, I); parietal callus well developed; apertural rim lighter colour than rest of shell, thickened and slightly reflexed, especially in the direction of the umbilicus; umbilicus very slightly open, slit-like. Measurements of the holotype. H: 8.55 mm, W: 3.0 mm. The other two examined shells are broken. Remarks. Vargapupa oharai is much larger, possesses a very strong main basal keel and a weaker additional one, has a channel in the basal part of the aperture corresponding with the main keel, a nearly rectangular aperture, and a less oblique peristome (from lateral view). Vargapupa biheli P��ll-Gergely, 2015 possesses a single basal keel that is much stronger than that of the new species, and has a slender triangular shell, which is rather spindle-shaped in V. humilis n. sp. Moreover, similarly to V. oharai, V. biheli also has a less oblique peristome, a slight apertural basal channel corresponding with the keel, and a somewhat rectangular aperture. Distribution. Vargapupa humilis n. sp. is known from the type locality only., Published as part of P��ll-Gergely, Barna, 2016, A new species of Vargapupa P��ll-Gergely, 2015 and a new synonym of Pseudopomatias M��llendorff, 1885 (Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda: Pupinidae), pp. 431-434 in Zootaxa 4139 (3) on pages 432-433, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4139.3.9, http://zenodo.org/record/264129, {"references":["Pall-Gergely, B., Feher, Z., Hunyadi, A. & Asami, T. (2015) Revision of the genus Pseudopomatias and its relatives (Gastropoda: Cyclophoroidea: Pupinidae). Zootaxa, 3937 (1), 1 - 49. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3937.1"]}

By traditional classification, there are five Cyclotus taivanus subspecies in the low mountainous area of Taiwan and Okinawa: C. taivanus adamsi, C. t. dilatus, C. t. diminutus, C. t. peraffinis, and C. t. taivanus. The molecular phylogenetic relationships of this group have never been discussed. In order to investigate the relationships between C. taivanus ssp., we sequenced part of the mitochondrial COI and the 16S rRNA gene from 26 sampling sites. We also measured 9 shell traits for morphological analysis. Even though morphological PCA analysis revealed a more or less continuous distribution of individuals in morph-space, the two highly divergent haplotype clades in molecular analysis indicated the presence of two independently evolving lineages. Our results indicated that the sequence divergence between the two independent clades was almost as high as that among other Cyclophoridae species found previously. Therefore, from the viewpoint of taxonomy, C. t. adamsi should be considered a valid s...

Páll-Gergely, Barna, Fehér, Zoltán, Hunyadi, András, Asami, Takahiro (2015): Revision of the genus Pseudopomatias and its relatives (Gastropoda: Cyclophoroidea: Pupinidae). Zootaxa 3937 (1): 1-49, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3937.1.1

Balashov, Igor, Griffiths, Owen (2015): Two new species of minute land snails from Madagascar: Boucardicus monchenkoi sp. nov. and B. ambindaensis sp. nov. (Caenogastropoda: Cyclophoridae). Zootaxa 4052 (2): 237-240, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4052.2.9

Genus Vargapupa P��ll-Gergely, n. gen. Type species. Vargapupa oharai n. sp. Diagnosis. Shell slender turriform, regularly ribbed; aperture rounded or slightly rectangular, with not or slightly angled columellar-parietal transition, and slightly angled parietal-palatal transition; there is a lower incision to the right of the bottom point of the aperture, at the starting point of the keel; the parietal side of the aperture usually straight; peristome simple-looking; an elevated keel runs on the basal side of the shell around the umbilicus; keel starts from the lower basal apertural lip and flattens gradually on the ventral side of the body whorl and terminated close to the columellar-palatal transition of the aperture; operculum unknown. Differential diagnosis. Differs from Pseudopomatias and Csomapupa n. gen. by the presence of the basal keel. For the differences with Nodopomatias and see there. Etymology. The new genus is dedicated to Andr��s Varga, prominent Hungarian malacologist, the friend of the authors. His contribution to Vietnamese malacofauna is very important. The name Vargapupa is the combination of the family name Varga and Pupa. Content. V. oharai n. sp., V. biheli n. sp. Distribution (Fig. 7): The two species of Vargapupa n. gen. species are known in the northern Annamese Mountains (French: Cha��ne Annamitique), in Northern Vietnam and Laos., Published as part of P��ll-Gergely, Barna, Feh��r, Zolt��n, Hunyadi, Andr��s & Asami, Takahiro, 2015, Revision of the genus Pseudopomatias and its relatives (Gastropoda: Cyclophoroidea: Pupinidae), pp. 1-49 in Zootaxa 3937 (1) on page 42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3937.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/237131

Vargapupa biheli P��ll-Gergely, n. sp. Fig. 8 D. Pseudopomatias fulvus ��� Saurin 1953: p. 113. Diagnosis. A medium sized, slender turriform species with a well developed basal keel. Description. Shell turriform, widest at its base; only corroded shell material was available, therefore the original shell colour is unknown; there are 8���8.75, regularly increasing, rather flat or moderately bulging whorls; protoconch rather smooth with signs of small regular riblets; suture deeper on the upper whorls, especially at the protoconch; the coarse riblets are regular on the whole shell; sometimes on the last whorl they are less regular; keel blunt; the ribs of the body whorl are visible here too, especially close to the end of the keel; there are deep sutures on both sides of the keel; the keel starts from the back side of the most basal point of the peristome, and ends on the ventrolateral side; keel gradually becomes lower towards its end; keel visible inside the aperture as a shallow canal; aperture round with not angled columellar-parietal transition and slightly angled parietal-palatal transition; the lower incision (at the basal pont of the peristome) is the starting point of the keel; apertural rim thickened and slightly reflexed. Measurements (in mm). H: 8.9���10.5, D: 3.5���3.9 (n= 3). Differential diagnosis. Vargapupa biheli n. sp. is much smaller than V. oharai n. sp., has narrower umbilicus, more rounded aperture and only one basal keel. The sutures situated on both side of the main keel are deeper. Material. Laos, Tran Ninh Province, Pa Hia, Pah Xieng Tong, coll. Saurin, MNHN 2012���27020 (holotype), MNHN 2012���27021 / 9 (paratypes). Type locality. Laos, Tran Ninh Province, Pa Hia, Pah Xieng Tong. Etymology. The new species is named after the Biodiversity Heritage Library (www.biodiversitylibrary.org) to thank the multitude of rare literature made available to us. The name ��� biheli ��� is an acronym derived from the name BI odiversity HE ritage LI brary. Distribution (Fig. 15): The new species is known from the type locality only., Published as part of P��ll-Gergely, Barna, Feh��r, Zolt��n, Hunyadi, Andr��s & Asami, Takahiro, 2015, Revision of the genus Pseudopomatias and its relatives (Gastropoda: Cyclophoroidea: Pupinidae), pp. 1-49 in Zootaxa 3937 (1) on page 42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3937.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/237131, {"references":["Saurin, E. (1953) Coquilles nouvelles de l'Indochine. Journal de Conchyliologie, 93 (4), 113 - 120."]}

Boucardicus monchenkoi sp. nov. Fig. 1 a. Type locality. Coastal grassland near Hotel Dauphin (Avenue Gallien), T��lanaro city (formerly Fort Dauphin), southeastern Madagascar. Material. Holotype (IZAN GT 4629) and 10 paratypes (7 in IZAN, GT 4630, 3 in AMS, C. 483540) are directly from the type locality (collected by O. Griffiths in March 2001), 1 more paratype (IZAN GT 4563) was collected "on the sandy hills with succulents 100-120 m from the ocean near Fort Dauphin" by V. I. Monchenko in February of 1991 together with some shells of the larger land snails. Etymology. The specific name, monchenkoi, honors collector of the first known specimen���Prof. Vladislav I. Monchenko, Academician of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, founder of the Department of Invertebrate Fauna and Systematics of I.I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology. Diagnosis. Shell is pupilloid-like, clearly ribbed, aperture is ovate-triangular with single well developed columellar lamella that goes from beginning of body-whorl till edge of the aperture and clearly visible in aperture. Peristome is complete, not reflected. Dimensions. Height of shell 2.6���2.9 mm, diameter 1.3���1.5 mB. Holotype 2.7 x 1.5 mB. Aperture height 0.7���0.9 mm, aperture width 0.7���0.8 mB. Height of body whorl��� 1.1���1.2 mB. Diameter of embryonic whorls (~ 1.5) 0.4 mB. Diameter of 3 rd whorl��� 1 mm. Shell is pupilloid-like, ovate-pointed, moderately thick-walled, not translucent, of 5���5.5 strongly convexed whorls. Suture is deep. Body-whorl periphery round. Coloration is brown (types are mainly lost their pigmentation). Embryonic whorls (~ 1.5) are smooth. Pre-constriction sculpture is regularly radially ribbed, on the 3 rd whorl there are around 30 ribs in 1 mm (distance between ribs about 0.04 mm), on the 4 th whorl���around 22 ribs in 1 mm (placed less regularly). First post-constriction ribs are same to 4 th whorl, but placed more distantly. On the last 0.25 whorl before the peristome the ribs are much stronger. Body-whorl constriction occurs about 0.6 whorls before the peristome. The post-constriction swelling is moderate, about 0.3 mm width, placed left to columellar peristome. Aperture is ovate-triangular, with a single clear columellar lamella (peg) near edge of aperture in the middle of columellar peristome. Lamella is placed strictly perpendicularly to the columellar peristome, goes deeply in the aperture. Peristome is complete, not reflected, only slightly near umbilicus. Lip moderate. Umbilicus drop-shaped. Variability. All 12 type specimens are very similar in size, shape, sculpture, swelling and aperture. An older specimen from the other locality is almost identical to the holotype. Therefore known variability of the shell is low in this species. Identification. From the all other pupilloid-like species of the genus it differs by its complete aperture, from mostalso by its clearly ribbed shell. From B. menoi ���by much more developed columellar lamella visible in aperture, presence of post-constriction swelling and larger shell. From B. delicatus and B. minutus ���by much larger shell and much more developed columellar lamella. Distribution and habitats. It is only known from coastal grasslands near T��lanaro city (south-eastern Madagascar). This area was once covered in primary forest growing on coastal dunes and has now mostly been cleared., Published as part of Balashov, Igor & Griffiths, Owen, 2015, Two new species of minute land snails from Madagascar: Boucardicus monchenkoi sp. nov. and B. ambindaensis sp. nov. (Caenogastropoda: Cyclophoridae), pp. 237-240 in Zootaxa 4052 (2) on pages 237-238, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4052.2.9, http://zenodo.org/record/234196

Boucardicus ambindaensis sp. nov. Fig. 1 b. Type locality. Dry deciduous forest among the large vertical limestone rocks (tsingy), west side of Tsingy Beanka reserve, east of Ambinda and Belitsaka villages, around 50 km east of Maintirano town, central-western Madagascar. 18.04465 ��N 44.501117 ��E, 300 m altitude (from GPS). Material. Holotype (IZAN GT 4631) and 9 paratypes (6 in IZAN, GT 4632, 3 in AMS, C. 483541) are directly from the type locality (collected by R. Randalana & G. Middleton on 2 th October of 2006), 3 more paratypes (2 in IZAN, GT 4633, 1 in AMS, C. 483542) were collected in other locations in south-eastern part of Tsingy Beanka reserve east to Belitsaka village on 3 th October of 2006 (from GPS: 18.054167 ��N 44.533333 ��E, 350 m altitude) Etymology. From occurrence near Ambinda village. Diagnosis. Shell is pupilloid-like, almost smooth (with weak radial lines), aperture is almost round, with single columellar lamella relatively deep in aperture that goes through almost whole body-whorl inside it and single palatal lamella in the begging of body-whorl (could be visible through wall of shell). Basal peristome is almost complete, slightly reflected. Dimensions. Height of shell 2.4���2.5 mm, diameter 1.2���1.3 mm (holotype 2.4 x 1.2 mm). Aperture height 0.7 mm, aperture width 0.8 mB. Hight of body whorl��� 1.1���1.2 mB. Diameter of embryonic whorls (~ 1.5) 0.3���0.4 mB. Diameter of 3 rd whorl��� 0.8 mm. Shell is pupilloid-like, ovate-pointed, moderately thin-walled, translucent, of 5 moderately convexed whorls (sometimes 5.25). Suture is moderate. Body-whorl periphery round. Coloration is light-brown. Whole shell is smooth (only somewhere weak radial lines are present), except post-constriction swelling that irregularly striated or even sometimes almost ribbed. Body-whorl constriction occurs about 0.6 whorl before the peristome. The post-constriction swelling is moderately weak, about 0.3 mm width, placed left to columellar peristome. Aperture is almost round, with a single clear columellar lamella near edge of aperture in the middle of columellar peristome. Columellar lamella is placed perpendicularly to the columellar peristome, goes almost through whole body-whorl on columella (one paratype was studied inside). Inside body-whorl there is a long palatal lamella that could be visible through wall of the shell in fresh specimens. In holotype, as it looks from outside, palatal lamella goes from beginning of body-whorl till almost last 0.5 whorl (length about 0.7 mm). In paratype that was studied inside (old not translucent shell) lamella is short, 0.25 mm, but large and high. Peristome is almost complete, slightly interrupted (in upper part in place of connection with penultimate whorl). Basal peristome slightly reflected. Lip moderate. Umbilicus drop-shaped. Variability. All 13 type specimens are very similar in the size, shape, sculpture, swelling and aperture, including 3 specimens from second locality. Therefore same to the previous species known variability of the shell is low here. Identification. From the other pupilloid-like species of the genus except B. pseudogastrocoptus it differs by its round aperture with almost complete peristome. From the most���by the well developed both columellar and palatal lamellae. From B. pseudogastrocoptus it differs by presence of palatal lamella and much more developed columellar lamella, by absence of lip and by smaller shell. Distribution and habitats. It lives in leaflitter in deciduous forests among the large vertical limestone rocks (tsingy) placed on altitude of 300���350 m, in Tsingy Beanka reserve east of Ambinda and Belitsaka villages, around 50 km east of Maintirano city, central-western Madagascar., Published as part of Balashov, Igor & Griffiths, Owen, 2015, Two new species of minute land snails from Madagascar: Boucardicus monchenkoi sp. nov. and B. ambindaensis sp. nov. (Caenogastropoda: Cyclophoridae), pp. 237-240 in Zootaxa 4052 (2) on page 239, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4052.2.9, http://zenodo.org/record/234196

Vargapupa oharai P��ll-Gergely, n. sp. Fig. 8 C. Diagnosis. A very large, slender turriform, brownish species with a well-developed and a weaker basal keel. Description. Shell brownish corneous or yellowish, slender turriform, widest at its base; there are 10.25 (n= 2) regularly increasing whorls; first whorl of the protoconch rather smooth, the second whorl is finely ribbed; suture deeper on the upper whorls, especially at the protoconch; the coarse riblets are regular on the whole shell; keel blunt, the ribs of the body whorl are visible here too, especially close to the end of the keel (close to the columellarparietal transition of the peristome); there are rather shallow sutures on both sides of the keel where it joins the shell surface of the last whorl; keel starts from the back side of the most basal point apertural rim, and ends on the ventrolateral side; keel gradually becomes lower towards its end; there is a second, lower keel between the main keel and the umbilicus; it also starts from the back side of the apertural rim; main keel visible inside the aperture as a shallow canal; aperture round with angled columellar-parietal and parietal-palatal transitions; the lower incision (basal part of the aperture) is the starting point of the keel; apertural rim thickened and very much reflexed. Measurements (in mm). H: 14.7���16.1, D: 5.3���5.6 (n= 2). Differential diagnosis. See under Vargapupa biheli n. sp. Material. Vietnam, Ninh Binh Province, Cuc Phuong National Park, Cave of Prehistoric Man, 237 m, 20 �� 17.56874 'N, 105 �� 40.01229 'E, leg. Ohara, K., Okubo, K., Otani, J. U., 16.11. 2007., Holotype HNHM 98837, OK/ 2, JUO/ 2; same data, leg. Okubo, K. & Otani, J. U., 12.04. 2007., JUO/ 1, PGB/ 1; Vietnam, Ninh Binh Province, Cuc Phuong National Park, excoll Jose Ahuir Galindo, PGB/ 1; Vietnam, Thanh H��a Prov., Pu Luong N. P., surroundings of village Am, 20 �� 28.185 'N, 105 �� 13.309 'E, collected by native people, 0 5.10. 2010., HE/ 1 paratype. Type locality. Vietnam, Ninh Binh Province, Cuc Phuong National Park, Cave of Prehistoric Man, 146 m, 20 �� 15.53843 'N, 105 �� 42.38950 'E. Etymology. Named after our friend, Kenji Ohara, who provided the material. Distribution (Fig. 15): The new species is known from two localities in Northern Vietnam. There is approximately 60 km between the two sites. Remarks. In the Cuc Phuong National Park Vargapupa oharai n. sp. lives sympatrically with Pseudopomatias amoenus., Published as part of P��ll-Gergely, Barna, Feh��r, Zolt��n, Hunyadi, Andr��s & Asami, Takahiro, 2015, Revision of the genus Pseudopomatias and its relatives (Gastropoda: Cyclophoroidea: Pupinidae), pp. 1-49 in Zootaxa 3937 (1) on pages 42-43, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3937.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/237131

Nineteen stations were surveyed and 46 species of terrestrial molluscs were recorded from an 18×55 km area in the north-eastern corner of Mozambique. Three stations on Cabo Delgado (a peninsula at the northern extremity of the Quirimbas Archipelago) yielded 19 species that were not found on the inland-sampled area and 18 species that occur inland were not found on Cabo Delgado, with nine species inhabiting both areas. The main ecological difference between Cabo Delgado and the inland area is the abundance of limestone in the former and the total lack of it in the latter. The reference to the original publication, type locality, size of the type specimen(s) and summary geographical distribution as well as colour photographs are provided for each recorded species. One new species of Gulella (Pulmonata: Streptaxidae) is described from Cabo Delgado.

This paper describes four new species, namely Dicharax caudapiscis n. sp., Dicharax stuparum n. sp. (both family Alycaeidae Blanford, 1864), Pseudopomatias caligosus n. sp. (family Pupinidae L. Pfeiffer, 1853) and Arinia (Notharinia) boucheti Pall-Gergely, n. sp. (family Diplommatinidae Benson, 1849). The first three were recently collected in northern Thailand, whereas the latter one was collected in Laos by Edmond Saurin, and later also found in the collection of the Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris.

The Alycaeinae Blanford, 1864 (Gastropoda: Cyclophoridae) is a species-rich group of caenogastropod land snails distributed mainly in Southeast Asia (Kobelt 1902). The Madagascan endemic Boucardicus Fischer-Piette & Bedoucha, 1965 has also been classified in the Alycaeinae (Emberton 2002). The Asian species of Alycaeinae are characterized by a sutural tube on the last whorl that is closed at its posterior end, but is connected to the outside by radial microtunnels opening near the umbilicus. This device is hypothesized to allow gas exchange when the animal is retracted and the operculum seals the shell aperture (Páll-Gergely et al. 2016).

Leptopomais a species rich genus with approximately 100 species documented. Species-level identification in this group has been based on shell morphology and colouration, as well as some anatomical features based on small sample sizes. However, the implications of the inter- and intra-species variations in shell form to the taxonomy ofLeptopomaspecies and the congruency of its current shell based taxonomy with its molecular phylogeny are still unclear. There are fourLeptopomaspecies found in Sabah, Borneo, and their taxonomy status remains uncertain due to substantial variation in shell forms. This study focuses on the phylogenetic relationships and geographical variation in shell form of threeLeptopomaspecies from Sabah. The phylogenetic relationship of these species was first estimated by performing Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian analysis based on mitochondrial genes (16S rDNA and COI) and nuclear gene (ITS-1). Then, a total of six quantitative shell characters (i.e., shell height, shell width, aperture height, aperture width, shell spire height, and ratio of shell height to width) and three qualitative shell characters (i.e., shell colour patterns, spiral ridges, and dark apertural band) of the specimens were mapped across the phylogenetic tree and tested for phylogenetic signals. Data on shell characters ofLeptopoma sericatumandLeptopoma pellucidumfrom two different locations (i.e., Balambangan Island and Kinabatangan) where both species occurred sympatrically were then obtained to examine the geographical variations in shell form. The molecular phylogenetic analyses suggested that each of the threeLeptopomaspecies was monophyletic and indicated congruence with only one of the shell characters (i.e., shell spiral ridges) in the current morphological-based classification. Although the geographical variation analyses suggested some of the shell characters indicating inter-species differences between the twoLeptopomaspecies, these also pointed to intra-species differences between populations from different locations. This study onLeptopomaspecies is based on small sample size and the findings appear only applicable toLeptopomaspecies in Sabah. Nevertheless, we anticipate this study to be a starting point for more detailed investigations to include the other still little-known (ca. 100)Leptopomaspecies and highlights a need to assess variations in shell characters before they could be used in species classification.

This is the first part of the revision of the Alycaeidae of China, Laos and Vietnam. Here we revise the species hitherto classified in Chamalycaeus Möllendorff, 1897 (genera Dicharax and Metalycaeus in this study). We show that no Chamalycaeus live in the region, and the alycaeid species of the investigated region can be classified into five genera: Alycaeus Baird, 1850, Dicharax Kobelt & Möllendorff, 1900, Dioryx Benson, 1859, Metalycaeus Pilsbry, 1900 and Pincerna Preston, 1907. We propose Dioryx dautzenbergi Páll-Gergely nom. nov. as a replacement name for Alycaeus (Dioryx) major Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1900, non Alycæus (Dioryx) granum var. major Godwin-Austen, 1893. Alycaeus anceyi Mabille, 1887, A. eydouxi Venmans, 1956, A. mouhoti L. Pfeiffer, 1862, A. rolfbrandti Maassen, 2006 and A. vanbuensis Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1900 are retained in Alycaeus. Alycaeus costulosa Bavay & Dautzenberg, 1912 and A. maolanensis Luo, Zhang & Zhuo 2009 were transferred to Pincerna. We examined newly collected specimens and the type specimens of all species with the exception of the following: A. elevatus Heude, 1886, A. expansus Heude, 1890, A. neglectus Heude, 1885, Chamalycaeus libonensis Chen, Li & Luo 2003, C. panshiensis Chen, 1989, C. tangmaiensis Chen & Zhang, 2001, C. zayuensis Zhang, Chen & Zhou, 2008. Fifteen new species are described as follows: Dicharax (?) abdoui Páll-Gergely, n. sp., Dicharax (?) alticola Páll-Gergely & Hunyadi n. sp., Dicharax (?) ellipticus Páll-Gergely n. sp., Dicharax (?) immaculatus Páll-Gergely n. sp., Dicharax bison Páll-Gergely & Hunyadi n. sp., Dicharax draco Páll-Gergely & Hunyadi n. sp., Dicharax imitator Páll-Gergely & Hunyadi n. sp., Dicharax microcostatus Páll-Gergely n. sp., Dicharax micropolitus Páll-Gergely & Hunyadi n. sp., Dicharax robustus Páll-Gergely & Hunyadi, n. sp., Metalycaeus (?) awalycaeoides Páll-Gergely & Hunyadi n. sp., Metalycaeus (?) ibex Páll-Gergely & Hunyadi n. sp., Metalycaeus laosensis Páll-Gergely n. sp., Metalycaeus oharai Páll-Gergely & Hunyadi n. sp., Metalycaeus (?) okuboi Páll-Gergely & Hunyadi, n. sp. A total of twelve names are synonymised with valid species. In this revision we payed special attention to conchological characters hitherto neglected, such as the fine sculpture of the embryonic whorls and the fine structure of the microtunnels along the breathing tube. We described the radula and penis morphology of five Dicharax species.

Allozyme variation was examined in 223 samples of the operculate land snail Cyclophorus fulguratus from 13 localities across three regions of Thailand. Using horizontal starch gel electrophoresis, 13 allozyme presumed loci (12 polymorphic) were screened. Heterozygosity was moderate in C. fulguratus ( H exp = 0.008–0.127) with a high genetic heterogeneity among samples ( F st = 0.734). Populations showed a greater genetic differentiation in central Thailand ( F st = 0.380) than in northeastern Thailand ( F st = 0.108), suggesting frequent gene flow among populations in northeastern Thailand. C. fulguratus exhibits a strong pattern of isolation by distance over the entire tested species range in Thailand and may potentially have been involved in an extensive local fragmentation. Results of the distance analysis revealed that large genetic divergence has occurred among the central, northeastern and eastern Thailand groups [ D = 0.361–0.701], strongly suggesting populations from these three geographical regions may actually represent or else be evolving into separate species.

Summary Although earliest known records of the Cyclophoridae are from the European Mesozoic, Cyclophorus is a genus of dioecious terrestrial prosobranchs that currently ranges from South Asia to the Western Pacific region. Karyotypes of ten species of Cyclophorus have been examined from Thailand. Haploid and diploid chromosome numbers were invariant (n = 14, 2n = 28, FN = 56), but the karyotypes varied along a continuum with 14 metacentric chromosomes in C. volvulus while the remaining species contain unique representatives of every summed combination of metacentric and submetacentric types from 13m + 1sm to 6m + 8sm. The two larger species, C. aurantiacus and C. malayanus, exhibit the same karyotypes of 7m + 7sm. Karyotypes among populations of C. fulguratus showed variation between the central (12m + 2sm) and northeastern regions (13m + 1sm) of Thailand. Among the species with unique karyotypes, northern species possess a higher metacentric number relative to southern species. The ZZ-ZW sex-determining ...

Pterocyclos blandi Benson, 1851 (Figs. 1, 3E, F; Table 1) Pterocyclos blandi Benson, 1851: 196, pl. 5 fig. 1. Type locality: Pulo Susson insulam prope Pulo Penang jacentem. Reeve, 1863: Pterocyclos, pl. 2 species 7. Morgan, 1885: 400. Kongim et al. 2013: 16, fig. 2B. Pterocyclus blandi — Kobelt, 1902: 163. Laidlaw, 1928: 30. Maassen, 2001: 26. Other material examined. Teluk Ewa, Pulau Langkawi, Kedah, Malaysia: CUMZ 3880 (64 shells), 4582 (44 shells, Fig. 3E, F), 4583 (70 shells), 4584 (3 shells). Gua Cerita, Northern Island, Pulau Langkawi, Kedah, Malaysia: CUMZ 3879 (9 shells). Remark. Pterocyclos blandi was described by Benson (1851) in one of the two papers (out of nearly 60) in which Benson dealt with land snails and provided illustrations of specimens (Naggs, 1997). The species identification is unambiguous and there are no type specimens. The species differs from all other Pterocyclos species by its depressed and thick shell, and transparent periostracum. The shell colour is usually uniform brown to purplish, rarely with variegated brown zigzag pattern, apertural lip whitish; upper part of the apertural lip broadly expanded and wing-shaped; lower part of the apertural lip thickened and not expanded. Accessory respiratory structure triangular, overhanging by the upper part of the apertural lip. Operculum calcareous, slightly concave inside, and multilamellae outside. The species was not found in the limestone areas of Perlis, Kedah, Perak and Kelantan in Malaysia, and in southern Thailand. This suggests that P. blandi has a limited distribution and is possibly endemic to Langkawi Islands, Perlis, Malaysia, where the species seems to be declining due to exploitation of the limestone quarries., Published as part of Sutcharit, Chirasak, Tongkerd, Piyoros & Panha, Somsak, 2014, The land snail genus Pterocyclos Benson, 1832 (Caenogastropoda: Cyclophoridae) from Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia, with descriptions of two new species, pp. 330-338 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62 on page 333, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5458831, {"references":["Benson WH (1851) Geographical notices and characters of fourteen new species of Cyclostoma from the East Indies. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 2 Volume 8: 184 - 197.","Reeve LA (1863) Conchologia Iconica: Illustrations of the shells of molluscous animals. Volume 14, Pterocyclos, pls 1 - 5. Lovell Reeve & Co., London.","de Morgan J (1885) Mollusques terrestres & fluviatiles du royaume de Perak et des pays voisins (Presquile Malaise). Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France, 10: 353 - 249.","Kongim B, Sutcharit C, Tongkerd P & Panha S (2013) Karyotype of the Snorkel snail genera Pterocyclos and Rhiostoma (Prosobranchia: Cyclophoridae). The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 61: 13 - 20.","Kobelt W (1902) Das Tierreich: Cyclophoridae. R. Friedlander und Sohn, Berlin, Germany, 662 pp.","Laidlaw FF (1928) A list of land and fresh-water Mollusca of the Malay Peninsula with note. Journal of Malayan Branch Royal Asiatic Society, 3: 25 - 37.","Maassen WJM (2001) A preliminary checklist of the non-marine Molluscs of west Malaysia, A hand list. De Kreukel Supplement: 1 - 155.","Naggs F (1997) William Benson and the early study of land snails in British India and Ceylon. Archives of Natural History, 24: 37 - 88."]}

Pterocyclos spaleotes (Tomlin, 1932) (Figs. 1, 2D, 3H – J; Table 1) Rhiostoma spaleotes Tomlin, 1932: 227, pl. 26 text figure. Type locality: In a hole in the rock just outside the Batu Caves, near Kula Lumpur, Selangor. Laidlaw, 1932: 36. Maassen, 2001: 28. Type specimens. The specimen herein designated as the lectotype NMW 1955.158.01107 (height 11.4 × diameter 22.8 mm; Fig. 3H, no operculum), to stabilise the name, is the shell figured in the original description (Tomlin, 1932, pl. 26 text figure). The other specimen from the same lot of the lectotype becomes the paralectotype NMW 1981.118.02705 (1 shell, Fig. 3I, no operculum). Other material examined. Topotypes from Batu Cave, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (03°14.276' N, 101°41.079' E): CUMZ 4585 (35 specimens in ethanol, Fig. 3J), 4747 (52 shells). Remark. Pterocyclos spaleotes is only known from its type locality, despite several surveys in nearby areas. Originally, it was described from two shells without an operculum, which leads Tomlin (1932) to assign it to the genus Rhiostoma Benson, 1860. However, after examining the types (Fig. 3G, H) and topotypic specimens (Fig. 3I), this generic placement seems untenable. The unique characters of P. spaleotes are: the small and thin shell, the corneous and transparent periostracum, and the surface with a variegated brown zigzag colour pattern and a dark brown peripheral band. The last whorl is usually partially disconnected from the penultimate whorl.Aperture rounded, with a white lip and a little expansion of the upper part. The accessory respiratory structure has a short, tubular shape. The operculum is calcareous, slightly concave inside and multilamellae outside. Pterocyclos spaleotes clearly differs from any Rhiostoma species by the shape of its accessory respiratory structure located on the sutural area, and by its calcareous, low cupshaped and multilamellae operculum. Moreover, P. spaleotes has been recorded (type locality) much further south than Rhiostoma, which does not occur south of the limestone karst in Perlis, Malaysia. Finally, preliminary analysis of the DNA sequence of a fragment of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene supports the transfer of Rhiostoma spaleotes to Pterocyclos (Tongkerd, unpublished data)., Published as part of Sutcharit, Chirasak, Tongkerd, Piyoros & Panha, Somsak, 2014, The land snail genus Pterocyclos Benson, 1832 (Caenogastropoda: Cyclophoridae) from Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia, with descriptions of two new species, pp. 330-338 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62 on pages 333-335, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5458831, {"references":["le Tomlin JRB (1932) Two new species of Rhiostoma. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London, 19: 227 - 228.","Laidlaw FF (1932) Notes on the land Mollusca of the Batu Cave, Selangor, with description of two new species. Bulletin of the Raffles Museum, 7: 35 - 41.","Maassen WJM (2001) A preliminary checklist of the non-marine Molluscs of west Malaysia, A hand list. De Kreukel Supplement: 1 - 155."]}

SUMMARYMitotic and meiotic chromosome preparations of Bellamya bengalensis f. doliaris (Viviparidae), Pila globosa (Pilidae) and Cyclophorus polynema (Cyclophoridae) were made by colchicine—ovotestis cell suspension—methanol acetic acid—flame drying—Giemsa technique. Karyotypes were prepared on the basis of decreasing length of the chromosomes and their morphometric analyses were done. The diploid number 2n = 22 with the chromosome formula n = 7m + 4 sm and FN = 44 for Bellamya bengalensis f. doliaris, 2n = 28 with the chromosome formula n = 9m + 5sm and FN = 56 for Pila globosa and 2n = 28 with the chromosome formula n = 13m + 1sm and FN = 56 for Cyclophorus polynema were obtained. Chromosome numbers of each species was confirmed from the respective metaphase-I spreads and behaviour of their meiotic chromosomes were studied. The data obtained for each species were compared with the available chromosomal information on other confamilial species and the role of the possible mechanisms of karyotypic evoluti...

Marzuki, Mohammad Effendi bin, Clements, Gopalasamy Reuben (2013): A New Species Of Cyclophorid Snail (Mollusca: Prosobranchia) From Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 61 (1): 21-24, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4509293, {"references":["Clements, G. R. & S. K. Tan, 2012. A new genus and species of camaenid snail (Mollusca: Pulmonata) from Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement, 25: 259-263.","Godwin-Austen, H. H., 1889. On a collection of land-shells made in Borneo by Mr. A. Everett, with descriptions of supposed new species. Part 1. Cyclostomacae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London: 332-355, pls. 35-39.","Godwin-Austen, H. H., 1915. Zoological results of the Abor Expedition: Mollusca III, Cyclophoridae (in part). Records of the Indian Museum, 8: 494-503, pls. 38-40.","Gude, G. K., 1921. Mollusca III Land Operculates (Cyclophoridae, Truncatellidae, Assimineidae, Helicidae). The Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma. Taylor & Francis, London. 386 pp.","Kobelt, W., 1902. Das Tierreich-Cyclophoridae. Koniglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, R. Friedlander & Sohn, Berlin. 662 pp.","Kobelt, W., 1908. Die gedeckelten Lungenschnecken (Cyclostomacea). Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz, 1: 712-980, pls. 104-144.","Liew, T.-S., R. Clements & M. Schilthuizen, 2008. Sampling micromolluscs in tropical forests: One size does not fit all. Zoosymposia, 1: 271-280.","Maassen, W. J. M., 2006. Remarks on Alycaeus species from South-East Asia, with the descriptions of four new species with keeled shells (Gastropoda, Caenogastropoda, Cyclophoridae). Basteria, 70: 133-139.","Martens, E. von, 1891. Landschnecken des Indischen Archipels. Zoologische Ergebnisse einer reise in Niederlandisch Ost- Indien, 2: 209-264.","Morgan, J. De, 1885. Mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles du Royaume de Perak et des pais voisins (presque'Ile Malaise). Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France, 10: 353-429, pls. 5-9.","Morlet, L., 1892. Diagnoses Molluscorum novorum, in Indo-China collectorum. Journal de Conchyliologie, 40: 82-86.","Pearson, J. T., 1833. Note on the genus Spiraculum. Journal of Asiatic Society of Bengal, 2: 590-592.","Stoliczka, F., 1872. On the land shells of Penang Island, with descriptions of the animals and anatomical notes; part first, Cyclostomacea. Journal of Asiatic Society of Bengal, 41: 261-271, pl. 10.","Swainson, W., 1840. A Treatise of Malacology: The Natural Classification of Shell and Shell-Fish. New-Street-Square, London. 419 pp.","Tweedie, M. W. F., 1961. On certain Mollusca of the Malayan limestone hills. Bulletin of Raffles Museum, 26: 49-65, pls. 15-16.","Yen, T- Ch., 1939. Die Chinesischen Land-und Susswasser- Gastropoden des Natur-Museums Senckenberg. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 444: 1-233 + 16 pls.","Vermeulen, J. J. & R. Clements, 2008. Another twist in the tale: A new species of Opisthostoma (Gastropoda, Diplommatinidae) from Peninsular Malaysia. Basteria, 72: 263-268.","Wu, W.- L., Y.-C. Lee & K.-Y. Lue, 2008.A molecular phylogenetic investigation of Cyathopoma (Prosobranchia, Cyclophoridae) in East Asia. Zoological Studies, 47: 591-604."]}

Acroptychia bathiei Fischer-Piette & Bedoucha, 1965 Figs 2, 3, 25A Acroptychia bathiei: Fischer-Piette & Bedoucha 1965: 61, fig. 12, pl. 1, figs 9–11; Fischer-Piette et al. 1993: 47, pl. 1, figs 19–21. Type loc.: ‘près de la rivière Andranomavo (Ambongo)’ [Perrier de la Bâthie leg.], NW Madagascar’. Morphological notes: External features (Fig. 25A): Head-foot mostly greyish, irregularly mottled with darker spots and blotches; eyestalks pale, but tentacles more or less uniformly dark; forehead and snout brown; tip of snout shallowly indented in mid-line; skin texture relatively smooth. Operculum: Corneous, oligospiral with an eccentric nucleus. Radula (Fig. 3): Formula 1+2+1+2+1; length 12 mm, with ca 140 tooth rows [ca 11.5 rows/mm]; teeth robust. Rachidian tricuspid with a rounded central cusp and two smaller lateral ones; inner and outer laterals similar, each with four cusps, of which the second is consistently the largest; marginals bicuspid, the outer cusp larger. Very similar to that of A. culminans Fischer-Piette & Bedoucha, 1965, as described and illustrated by FisherPiette et al. (1969), except that the outer lateral is mostly tricuspid in that species. Locality data: Namoroka: st’ns 930/97, 932/97. Antsingimavo: st’ns 04/06, 06/06, 08/06. Tsingy Beanka: st’ns 03/06, 11/06–13/06, 16/06–18/06, 01/09, 02/09, 06/09–09/09, 11/09, 01/10, 03/10, 05/10–08/10, 10/10. Tsingy de Bemaraha: st’ns 07/95, 14/95, 18/95, 09/96, 10/96, 12/96, 14/96. South bank of Tsiribihina R.: st’n 02/99LP. Distribution: Restricted to central W Madagascar; from the Tsiribihina R. and southern Bemaraha region through Tsingy Beanka and Antsingimavo to the Namoroka area. Habitat: Dry mixed deciduous-evergreen forest growing on limestone; living in leaflitter, under limestone rocks and in soil pockets on karst boulders; patchily common at both Tsingy Beanka and Antsingimavo. Also common throughout most of the Tsingy de Bemaraha reserve. Remarks: A moderately sized, thick-shelled species with a single, well-developed, terminal, peristomal varix. Diameter rarely more than 24 mm. Shell essentially smooth save for fine axial pliculae on the early teleoconch whorls and fine, close-set growth-lines on later whorls. Umbilicus relatively narrow and deep. Juveniles have a much thinner shell that is frequently weakly angled at the periphery (Fig. 2F). The ground colour ranges from a pale yellowish white to a deeper pinkish or orangebrown; in fresh specimens this is overlain by a fine, irregular whitish mottling, which is in turn overlain by a thin, rather glossy, corneous periostracum. However, the latter is commonly eroded in parts, after which the whitish mottling is quickly worn off and the shell becomes more uniformly coloured. A darker spiral line is frequently present just below the periphery, occasionally another just above it and sometimes a third in the middle of the base. Family Pomatiidae Newton, 1891 Genus Tropidophora Troschel, 1847 Tropidophora chavani Fischer-Piette, 1949 Figs 4, 9E Tropidophora chavani: Fischer-Piette 1949: 15, pl. 1, figs 4–6; Fischer-Piette & Bedoucha 1965: 73; FischerPiette et al. 1993: 102, pl. 5, figs 6–8. Type loc.: ‘gorges de Salapanga (Bemaraka)’ [= Bemaraha]. Locality data: Tsingy Beanka: st’ns 12/06, 14/06, 15/06, 01/09, 02/09, 06/09, 07/09, 08/09, 09/09, 01/10, 05/10, 07/10, 08/10, 09/10, 10/10. Tsingy de Bemaraha: st’ns 18/95, 04/96, 09/96, 10/96, 12/96. Distribution: A narrow-range endemic; currently recorded only from the Bemaraha region and Tsingy Beanka. Habitat: Dry forest growing on limestone; found in leaf-litter and between limestone boulders. Remarks:A moderately common species in the central Tsingy Beanka, but usually present at rather low density. It is characterised by its low spire and uniformly fine spiral sculpture. Specimens with a similarly dense spiral sculpture have been collected at Andranavory in the Toliara [Tuléar] region, but these are more elevated and have a flaring white lip, which is broadly reflected in the columella region, half covering the umbilicus. They are closer to T. semidecussata (Pfeiffer, 1847) than they are to T. chavani., Published as part of Griffiths, O. L. & Herbert, D. G., 2013, New species of land snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from two isolated karst formations in central western Madagascar: Tsingy Beanka and Antsingimavo, with additional notes on other regional endemics, pp. 1-48 in African Invertebrates 54 (1) on pages 5-7, DOI: 10.5733/afin.054.0101, http://zenodo.org/record/7670100, {"references":["FISCHER- PIETTE, E., BLANC, F. & SALVAT, F. 1969. Complement aux mollusques opercules terrestres de Madagascar. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Serie A 55 (2): 109 - 144, pls 1, 2.","FISCHER- PIETTE, E., BLANC, C. P., BLANC, F. & SALVAT, F. 1993. Gasteropodes terrestres prosobranches. In: Faune de Madagascar. Vol. 80. Paris: Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, pp. 1 - 281."]}

Seven new land snail species are described from the Antsingimavo and Beanka karst formations, northeast of Maintirano, central western Madagascar: Ampelita andriamamonjyi, A. beanka, A. lindae, Conulinus randalanai, Kalidos maryannae, Tropidophora humbug and T. sericea. Additional notes, records and illustrations are also provided for a further ten regionally endemic species.

Revision of the genus Pseudopomatias Mollendorff, 1885 and its relatives (Pall-Gergely et al. 2015) resulted in the recognition of four genera, which agree in the (usually slender) turriform, spindle-shaped or almost cylindrical shell and the regularly ribbed teleoconch, except sometimes for the last half whorl. The genus Vargapupa Pall-Gergely, 2015, which differs from Pseudopomatias by possessing a basal keel, includes two species, one from Vietnam, and another from Laos.

Cyathopoma diegoense Fischer-Piette, Blanc & Vukadinovic, 1974 Fig. 3 Cyathopoma diegoense: Fischer-Piette, Blanc & Vukadinovic 1974: 467, figs 2–4 (Cap Diego, northern Madagascar; c. 2× 3 mm). A single shell without an operculum, collected on Cabo Delgado, is very similar to the voucher specimen described and illustrated by Emberton (2003: 30–31, fig. 40) from the type locality. The photograph of the shell from Cabo Delgado matches the photograph of the shell from Cap Diego almost exactly when superimposed at 113% magnification. The characteristic sculpture of the spiral cords with the gap on the whorl shoulder (“missing” cord below the suture) and the minute dense axial striation between the spiral cords also can be observed on both shells. Cyathopoma azaniense Verdcourt, 1978 from Kenya is smaller (1.4×2.0 mm) and does not have the characteristic gap between the suture and the first spiral cord on the following whorl. The original description of C. diegoense was based on a single adult specimen “environ” (circa) 2 mm high and 3 mm wide. The same size was repeated in comparison with C. artatum Sykes, 1897 on the same page just below the description. However, the figure of the holotype on the same page has a 0.88 h/w ratio, which clearly does not match the proportions stated in the description. Emberton (2003) did not give any explanation for his decision to include the 2.1 mm high and 2.0 mm wide C. duboisi Fischer-Piette, Blanc, Blanc & Salvat, 1993, as well as his 1.9 mm high and 2.9 wide “voucher specimen” in the range of variation of C. diegoense. Thus, the specimen from Cabo Delgado is very likely C. diegoense sensu Emberton, 2003 but the extent of the name diegoense is doubtful., Published as part of Muratov, Igor V., 2010, Terrestrial molluscs of Cabo Delgado and adjacent inland areas of north-eastern Mozambique, pp. 255 in African Invertebrates 51 (2) on page 261, DOI: 10.5733/afin.051.0203, http://zenodo.org/record/7913493, {"references":["FISCHER-PIETTE, E., BLANC, F. & VUKADINOVIC, D. 1974. Additions aux Mollusques terrestres de Madagascar. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 3 e serie, N ° 218, mai - juin 1974, Zoologie 146: 465 - 526.","EMBERTON, K. 2003. Madagascan Cyathopoma sensu lato (Gastropoda: Cyclophoridae). Archiv fur Molluskenkunde 132: 9 - 91.","FISCHER-PIETTE, E., BLANC, Ch. P., BLANC, F. & SALVAT, F. 1993. Gasteropodes terrestres prosobranches. Faune de Madagascar 80: 1 - 281."]}

Lee, Yen-Chen, Lue, Kuang-Yang, Wu, Wen-Lung (2008): Molecular evidence for a polyphyletic genus Japonia (Architaenioglossa: Cyclophoridae) and with the description of a new genus and two new species. Zootaxa 1792: 22-38, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.182539

Pilosphaera yentoensis new species Type locality. Both holotype and paratypes were collected from Yen-To town near Nan-Xi River in Zhejiang province, China (28 �� 18 ��� 32.7 ��� N; 120 �� 32 ��� 30 ��� E). Gathered from grass slope under leaves. Holotype. Shell length (= SL): 5.17 mm, shell width (= SW): 5.27 mm; Aperture length (= APL): 2.82 mm, Aperture width (= APW): 2.82 mm; NMNS 5635 -001. Paratype 1. SL: 5.27 mm, SW: 5.49 mm; APL: 3.10 mm, APW: 2.93 mm; NMNS 5635 -002. Paratype 2. SL: 5.38 mm, SW: 5.63 mm; APL: 2.83 mm, APW: 2.83 mm; NMNS 5635 -003. Paratype 3. SL: 4.38 mm, SW: 4.63 mm; APL: 2.38 mm, APW: 2.35 mm; NMNS 5635 -004. Paratype 4. SL: 4.63mm (apex missing), SW: 5.33mm; APL: 2.50mm, APW: 2.68mm; ASIZ MLSP 104201301. Etymology. The name honors the Yen-To Town, primary locality of this species. Description. Shell (Fig. 5 A���F) small, 5.17���5.27 mm in length and 5.27���5.49 mm in width. Shell turbinate and conical-globe shape, with moderately convex whorls 5���5.25 in number. Shell is festucine in color with reddish brown longitudinal stripes. Surface sculptured with several indistinct spiral cords, covered with festucine-coloured dull periostracum and regular periostracal lamellae, interval with irregular fine growth lines. There are three regular rows of periostracal hairs between the sutures on the penultimate whorl. There is no periostracal hair and the periostracum is polished under the peripheral line. The periostracum hairs are sometimes entirely lost, perhaps in old shells such as holotype. Umbilicus open, deep. The aperture is nearly circular. The peristome is interrupted, with reflected outer lip. The operculum is translucent ceratoid, a little concave center, multispiral type with very thin pellucid edge. There is an orange red snout between two purplish gray tentacles on the head. Dark gray foot covered by two dark gray lobes which have pale colored edges. The lobes joined posteriorly and forming a pale colored groove. (Fig. 7 A���B) Remarks. The present species differs from its only known congener Pilosphaera zebra in dark gray soft body color (Fig. 7 A���C) and in having fewer periostracal hairs (Fig. 5 A���I, 8 A���B). The latter species has 5���6 regular rows of periostracal hairs between the sutures on the penultimate whorl compared to three in the new species. The shell base of P. z e b r a has 6���7 rows of periostracal hairs, but these are not present on the new species (Fig. 5). P. z e b r a also has 4���7 rows of tiny periostracal hairs immediately below the suture (Fig. 8 B), which are not present in the new species. In COI gene data, the average distance between this new species and Pilosphaera zebra was = 0.160, which was closer to the average distance among cyclophorid species (0.198) than to within species comparisons (0.061)., Published as part of Lee, Yen-Chen, Lue, Kuang-Yang & Wu, Wen-Lung, 2008, Molecular evidence for a polyphyletic genus Japonia (Architaenioglossa: Cyclophoridae) and with the description of a new genus and two new species, pp. 22-38 in Zootaxa 1792 on pages 31-34, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.182539

CYCLOPHORIDAE Helix subfallax d’Orbigny, 1850b: 297, n° 10 [= Palaeocyclophorus helicinaeformis (de Boissy, 1848)]. Correction pour homonymie primaire, pro Helix fallax Melleville, 1843 non Dekay, 1843. Remarque: Helix fallax Melleville, 1843 montre une parfaite identité avec Cyclostoma helicinaeformis de Boissy, 1848. Wenz (1923a: 246) considère à tort que Helix fallax Melleville, 1843 est un synonyme subjectif plus récent de Archaeogopis luna (Michaud, 1837)., Published as part of Pacaud, Jean-Michel, 2007, Nouveautés nomenclaturales et taxinomiques introduites par Alcide d'Orbigny dans le Prodrome (1850, 1852) pour les espèces du Paléocène et de l'Éocène, pp. 17-85 in Geodiversitas 29 (1) on page 30, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5374882, {"references":["MELLEVILLE M. 1843. - Memoires sur les sables tertiaires inferieurs du bassin de Paris, avec la description de 78 especes de coquilles fossiles inedites de ce terrain. Annales des Sciences geologiques 2: 1 - 88.","WENZ W. 1923 a. - Fossilium Catalogus. 1: Animalia, pars 17. Gastropoda extramarina tertiara, 1. Diener, Berlin: 3 - 352."]}

Pacaud, Jean-Michel (2007): Nouveautés nomenclaturales et taxinomiques introduites par Alcide d'Orbigny dans le Prodrome (1850, 1852) pour les espèces du Paléocène et de l'Éocène. Geodiversitas 29 (1): 17-85, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5374882, {"references": ["ALLOITEAU J. 1957. - Contribution a la systematique des madreporaires fossiles. CNRS, Paris, 462 p.", "ANTON H. E. 1838. - Verseichniss der Conchylien welche sich in der Sammlung von Hermann Eduard Anton befinden. Herausgegeben von dem Besitzer. Eduard Anton, Halle, 110 p.", "ARCHIAC A. D' 1846. - Description des fossiles recueillis par M. Thorent dans les couches a nummulines des environs de Bayonne. Memoire de la Societe geologique de France 2 (2): 189-217.", "ARCHIAC A. D' 1850a. - Description des fossiles du groupe nummulitique recueillis par M. S. P. Pratt et M. J. Delbos aux environs de Bayonne et de Dax. Memoire de la Societe geologique de France 2 (3): 397-456.", "ARCHIAC A. 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