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A new microleafhopper genus, Barbaropus gen. nov., is described based on a new species, Barbaropus flatus sp. nov. from Ecuador. Male habitus photos and illustrations of male genitalia are provided and differences between the new genus and closely related Neotropical genera are discussed. The relationship and the status of this new genus within the tribe are also discussed.

A Gram-stain positive, facultatively aerobic, motile and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated THG-SMD2.3T, was isolated from a soil sample collected in a tangerine field, Republic of Korea. According to the 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, the isolate was identified as a member of the genus Cellulomonas and to be closely related to Cellulomonas fimi ATCC 484T (98.5%), Cellulomonas biazotea DSM 20112T (98.3%), Cellulomonas chitinilytica X.bu-bT (98.0%), Cellulomonas xylanilytica XIL11T (97.2%), Cellulomonas humilata ATCC 25174T (97.1%) and Cellulomonas composti TR7-06T (97.0%). The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with other current species of the genus Cellulomonas were in the range 95.4–96.6%. Catalase and oxidase tests were found to be positive. The DNA G+C content was determined to be 73.0 mol%. DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain THG-SMD2.3T and C. fimi ATCC 484T, C. biazotea DSM 20112T, C. chitinilytica X.bu-bT, C. xylanilytica XIL11T, C. humilata ATCC 25174T and C. composti TR7-06T were 58.1 ± 1.6%, 56.7 ± 0.8%, 30.3 ± 1.6%, 22.8 ± 1.6%, 19.9 ± 1.6%, and 13.5 ± 3.0%, respectively. Strain THG-SMD2.3T was also found to be able to grow at 20–42 °C, at 0–3% NaCl and at pH 5.5–10. The major fatty acids were identified as anteiso-C15:0, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C14:0. The predominant menaquinone was identified as tetrahydrogenated menaquinones with nine isoprene units [MK-9(H4)]. The polar lipids were found to be diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified aminolipids and two unidentified phospholipids. Based on these phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic characterisations strain THG-SMD2.3T (= KACC 19341T = CGMCC 1.16303T) is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Cellulomonas, for which the name Cellulomonas aurantiaca sp. nov. is proposed.

Our recently proposed three-step method showed the promising potential to improve the accuracy of relative wavelength response (RWR) characterization in the wavelength-modulation spectroscopy (WMS) over the commonly used summation method. A detailed comparison of the three-step method and the summation method, for the wavelength-scanned WMS gas-sensing, was performed with different laser parameters (modulation indexes and scan indexes) and gas properties (pressures and concentrations). Simulation results show that the accuracy of the predicted gas parameters is strongly limited by the RWR characterization with large modulation index and high gas pressure conditions. Both fitting residuals of RWR and errors of predicted gas parameters from the recently proposed three-step method are nearly 2 orders of magnitude smaller than those from the summation method. In addition, the three-step method is further improved by introducing a coupling term for the 2nd harmonic amplitude. Experiments with CO2 absorption transition at 6976.2026 cm−1 were conducted and validated the simulation analysis. The modified-three-step method presents an improved accuracy in RWR description with at least 5% smaller fitting residual for all conditions compared with the three-step method, although the deviation of the deduced CO2 concentrations between these two methods does not exceed 0.2%.

Crataegus laevigata belongs to the family Rosaceae, which has been widely investigated for pharmacological effects on the circulatory and digestive systems. However, there is limited understanding about its anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory effects on skin. In this study, 70% ethanol C. laevigata berry extract (CLE) was investigated on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated keratinocytes. The LPS-induced overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was suppressed by the treatment with CLE. In response to ROS induction, the overexpression of inflammatory regulating signaling molecules including mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK)/activator protein-1 (AP-1), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell (NF-κB), and nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) were reduced in CLE-treated human keratinocytes. Consequently, CLE significantly suppressed the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory chemokines and interleukins in LPS-stimulated cells. Our results indicated that CLE has protective effects against LPS-induced injury in an in vitro model and is a potential alternative agent for inflammatory treatment.

The empoascine genus Ficiana Ghauri is reviewed based on specimens from China. One new Ficiana species, Ficiana aurantia sp. n. is described from Guangxi in south China. An identification key to all species in this genus is provided. The morphological characters of Ficiana and related genera in this tribe are discussed.

Three new species of the leafhopper genus Inflatopina, I. longistria, I. aprocessa and I. paravictorspp. nov., are described from China and Thailand. A checklist with distribution of the genus and a revised key to all known species based on male genitalia are provided. Male habitus photos and illustrations of male genitalia of the new species are also given. A replacement name, Barbulanus Xu, Qin et Dietrich, nom. nov., is proposed for the junior homonym Barbaropus Xu, Qin et Dietrich, 2019 (nec BarbaropusGorham, 1887), creating a new combination for the type species, Barbulanus flatusXu, Qin et Dietrich, 2019, comb. nov.

Two new species of the empoascine leafhopper genus Flaviata, F. furcata Xu, Lu & Qin, sp. n. and F. sinuata Xu, Dietrich & Qin, sp. n., are described from southern China. Habitus photos and illustrations of male genitalia and a key to the known species of the genus, based on male genitalia, are also provided.

Abnormal expression and dysfunction of microRNAs are correlated with osteosarcoma (OS). This study demonstrated that the miR-187 level in OS tissues and cell lines was decreased. The proliferation and metastatic abilities of U-2OS cells were inhibited by miR-187 overexpression and promoted by miR-187 knockdown. Moreover, miR-187 also inhibited growth and metastasis of OS cells in vivo. Furthermore, we revealed that miR-187 could interact with S100A4 3'-UTR and inhibit S100A4 expression in OS cells. In summary, miR-187 inhibits growth and metastasis of OS cells by downregulating S100A4, which might be a potential biomarker and therapeutic target of OS.

In optical scanning holography (OSH), the object is raster scanned by a heterodyne fringe pattern. The light scattered from the object is detected by a photodetector. Traditionally, the photo-electric signal is demodulated by a dual-channel lock-in amplifier (LIA) to extract a complex hologram. The use of LIA complicates the detection module of the system and increases the cost, especially when the heterodyne frequency is high. In this paper, an alternative demodulation method called a spatial–temporal demodulation technique (STDT) is studied. In STDT, the photo-electric temporal signal is directly digitized as scanning lines. The spectrum of each scanning line is band-pass filtered to remove the zeroth-order term and the complex conjugate term. Finally, a complex hologram is obtained from the filtered spectrum. The first merit of STDT is that the phase of the demodulated complex hologram is insensitive to the modulation error. Thus it is easily applied to the applications of particle holography. Besides, the bandwidth of the zeroth-order term in STDT is narrow, which allows the system to be operated in a wide range of heterodyne frequency. This feature enables STDT-based OSH to be applied in low-cost and high-speed dynamic holographic imaging.

The Chinese endemic delphacid genus Malaxella Ding & Hu (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Delphacidae) is reviewed in this paper. Three species are treated of which M. flava Ding & Hu and M. tetracantha Qin & Zhang are redescribed, one new species, M. macracantha Ren & Qin sp. nov., is described. Habitus photos and illustrations of male genitalia of these 3 species are given. A key for identifying the species of Malaxella is also provided.

Two new microleafhopper genera, Keumiata Qin & Dietrich gen. nov. and Flaviata Lu & Qin gen. nov. are described based on 2 new species, K. orientalis Qin & Dietrich sp. nov. and F. variata Lu & Qin sp. nov. from southwest China and Thailand. Both new genera are assigned to the typhlocybine tribe Empoascini. A key to the known genera of the tribe from China is provided and the differences between each new genus and closely related genera are discussed.

One new leafhopper genus, Circinans, is described with a new species Circinans striata sp. n. as the type species from southern China. Habitus photos and illustrations of male genitalia of this new species are given and differences between the new genus and closely related genera are discussed.

Although a huge amount of information is available in all kinds of marine safety databases, only a small part can be used directly. The disorganized information from different sources leads to a mixture of format and definition. In the work reported in this paper, the Dempster-Shafer theory (DST) of evidence was applied to combine evidence (i.e., a piece of information that supports a claim) from different sources. The method is regarded as a generalization of the Bayesian theory and can avoid two difficulties in classical probability theory: handling the conflicting information and assigning prior probabilities. The work of data fusion was demonstrated first by a decision fusion problem that involved the reconciliation of contradictory expert reports. The DST can provide a decision maker with a comprehensive result through the combination of different experts' opinions. Second, fusion was conducted of two representative maritime incident databases: that of the Global Integrated Shipping Information Syste...

Ricanula hainanensis sp. nov. (Figs 35–49) Etymology. The species was named after Hainan Island (South China)—the type locality. Description. Length (female, inc. teg.): 9.7 mm. Head. Head with compound eyes (in dorsal view, Figs 35, 38) about as wide as widest part of mesonotum. Vertex (Figs. 35, 38) 7 times wider in the anterior margin than long in midline, anterior and posterior margins arcuate, posterior margin with larger curvature than anterior one. Frons (Fig. 37) wider then long in midline, 1.17 times wider at upper margin than long in midline and in widest part, below ocelli level 1.31 times; upper margin straight, lateral margins arcuate, elavated and without lateral incisions; disc of frons tricarinate, carinae separated at base; median carina extending half of length in midline, lateral carinae arcuate, partly parallel to lateral margins, finishing a little before the median one. Frontoclypeal suture distinctly arcuate. Clypeus distinctly narrower than frons, without carinae, median part convex. Compound eyes (Fig. 36) oval in lateral view, with small callus at posteroventral margin. Ocelli present. Rostrum reaching mesotrochanters, apical segment shorter than subapical. Thorax. Pronotum (Figs 35, 38) 2.16 times longer in midline than vertex; disc of pronotum with median carina and 2 lateral incisions; anterior margin arcuate, posterior margin with strongly curvation than anterior one. Mesonotum (Figs 35, 38) 1.12 times longer than wide between lateral angles and about 3.95 times longer than cumulative length of vertex and pronotum in midline; disc of mesonotum with median and lateral keel-shape carinae, connected at base, lateral carinae reaching almost posterior margin; anterolateral carinae present, short, not connected with lateral, almost parallel to lateral ones not surpassing the lateral angles of mesonotum. Tegmina (Figs 35–36, 39) membranous, elongately-triangular; costal margin weakly arcuate, anterior angle rounded, placed distad to claval angle, apical margin irregular. Costal area with sparse and curved transverse veinlets, wider than postcostal cell and wider apically, ending before apex of clavus; postcostal cell without transverse veinlets; basal cell elongate and wide; longitudinal veins ScP+RA, MP and CuA leaving basal cell separately; ScP+R veins and MP forked immediately after leaving basal cell, CuA forked before of connection of Pcu and A1. Claval veins Pcu and A1 fused after midle of clavus with transverse veinlets present between CuP and Pcu, CuP and Pcu+A1 and between Pcu and A1. Tegmina with sparse transverse veinlets in median and posterior parts, veinlets below MP3+4 vein more dense, apical line of transverse veinlets present, apical cells distinctly longer than wide. Wings with elongate and narrow precostal cell; 2 transverse veinlets r-m and m-cu present (Fig. 35). Profemora about as long as tibiae, profemur partly laterally flattened more V shape in cross section, tibiae square in cross section; mesotibiae longer than mesofemora, femora laterally flattened, rectangular in cross section, tibiae square in cross section; metafemur shorter than metatibiae, curved, metatibiae partly flattened apically, with 2 lateral spines and 6 apical teeth; basitarsomere with 6 apical teeth, about as long than cumulative length of second and hind tarsomere. Metatibiotarsal formula 2/6/6. Coloration. Vertex yellow with 2 brown patches near the antero-lateral part and with 3 small light brown dots along anterior margin. Frons yellow, lateral part of head yellowish with 3 small brown patches at upper part, lower part brownish. Clypeus brownish with median yellow strip. Pronotum yellow. Median portion of mesonotum between lateral margins yellowish, lateral parts brown, scutellum dark brown. Tegmina piceous-brown with yellowish transverse veinlets below MP3+4 and on the clavus, costal margin with oblique dark brown stripes and yellow patches between; basal cell with dark brown patch near posterior margin; median portion of tegmen with rounded brown patch, postero-apical part with eyes-spot black cell. Wings and legs brownish. Abdomen light brown, basal sternits yellow. Male. Unknown. Female terminalia. Pregenital sternite (Fig. 41) with well developed, elongately-rounded and distinctly separated lateral lobes; anterior margin weakly concave, posterior margin medially with strong triangular and elongate process. Anal tube (in lateral view, Fig. 43) elongate, not surpassing posterior margin of the gonoplac; basal part narrower than posterior one; ventral margin arcuate, ventroposterior angle widely rounded; anus placed dorsally about midlength. Anal tube, in dorsal view (Fig. 42), rounded; with basal part distinctly narrower than posterior one, basal margin rounded, posterior margin widely concave medially; lateral margins arcuate; anus placed a bit before midlength. Gonoplac: laterally flattened, in lateral view (Fig. 44) with posterior part wider than at base, posterior margin with 2 rows of teeth (Fig. 45); membranous part of gonoplac well developed, placed medially on ventral margin. Gonapophysis VIII (Fig. 46) sabre-like, “v” shape in cross section, with 11 teeth at dorsal margin; endogonocoxal process with spiniferous microsculpture, well sclerotized medially, lateral parts membranous, tapering apicad, reaching apex of gonapophysis VIII. Gonaphophyses IX and gonospiculum bridge well developed as in Figs 47–48. Bursa copulatrix with widely connected two pouches; wall of first pouch with well visible cells and small central sclerotized ornamentation bearing single narrow teeth with sharp and curved apex, mostly placed at lower part, second pouch membranous with very weakly visible cells and without ornamentation. Spermatheca (Fig. 49) well developed; ductus receptaculi elongate and ribbed, tapering apicad; diverticulum ductus a bit shorter than ductus receptaculi, with smooth basal ductus and elongate smooth bulba at apex. Type material. Holotype, 1♀, labeled (Fig. 40): [Mt. Wuchi, Hainan, May 1903]. Distribution. China: Hainan Province (Hainan Island).

Key to species of Ricanula (females) from China 1. Pregenital sternite with posterior margin almost straight, medially slightly incised (Fig. 17)............. R. unica sp. nov. - Pregenital sternite with posterior margin convex medially..................................................... 2 2. Median portion of the posterior margin with strong process (Fig. 41)............................ R. hainanensis sp. nov. - Median portion of the posterior margin without single strong process........................................... 3 3. Median portion of posterior margin with bilobate process....................................... R. pulverosa (St��l) - Median portion of posterior margin without process (Fig. 34).................................. R. fujianensis sp. nov., Published as part of Ren, Lan-Lan, Stroi��ski, Adam & Qin, Dao-Zheng, 2016, Three new species of the genus Ricanula Melichar, 1898 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Ricaniidae) from China, pp. 557-569 in Zootaxa 4168 (3) on page 558, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4168.3.7, http://zenodo.org/record/261468

Checklist of Alebroides genus group in China Alafrasca Lu & Qin, 2014 a A. sticta Lu & Qin, 2014 a���China (Sichuan) Alebrasca Hayashi & Okada, 1994 A. actinidiae Hayashi & Okada, 1994 ��� China (Hunan, Henan, Gansu, Sichuan, Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangxi); Japan A. expansa (Dworakowska, 1995) ��� China (Taiwan) Alebroides Matsumura, 1931 A. barbatus Dworakowska, 1997 ��� China (Hainan, Hong Kong); Nepal; Thailand A. chiasmaticus Yu & Yang, 2014 ��� China (Guangxi) A. discretus Chou & Zhang, 1987 ��� China (Shaanxi, Gansu, Hubei, Sichuan, Guangxi, Guizhou) A. dworakowskae Chou & Zhang, 1987 ��� China (Shaanxi, Gansu, Hubei, Hunan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Guangdong, Chongqing, Yunnan, Guangxi) A. falcatus Sohi & Dworakowska, 1979 ��� China (Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Chongqing); India, Nepal A. flavifrons Matsumura, 1931 ��� China (Guangdong, Hunan, Guizhou, Zhejiang, Taiwan); Japan A. fumosus Sohi & Dworakowska, 1979 ��� China (Yunnan); India; Nepal A. haedus Sohi & Dworakowska, 1979 ��� China (Yunnan, Tibet); India A. luteus Sohi & Dworakowska, 1979 ��� China (Yunnan); India A. marginatus Matsumura, 1931 ��� China (Hong Kong, Taiwan); South Korea; Japan A. muzitaneus Qin & Zhang, 2011 ��� China (Hunan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Chongqing) A. nigroscutellus (Distant, 1918) ��� China (Hunan, Yunnan, Sichuan, Hainan, Taiwan); India; Nepal, Thailand; Indonesia; Japan A. obliteratus Dworakowska, 1997 ��� China (Yunnan); India; Nepal A. parafuscus Qin & Zhang, 2011 ��� China (Yunnan, Gansu) A. rayi Dworakowska, 1997 ��� China (Yunnan); Myanmar A. rubicundus Ishihara, 1953 ��� China (Henan, Hubei, Hunan); Japan A. salicis (Vilbaste, 1968) ��� China (Shaanxi, Hunan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Taiwan); Korea; Far East of Russia A. serrulatus Yu & Yang, 2014 ��� China (Tibet) A. shaanxiensis Chou & Zhang, 1987 ��� China (Shaanxi, Gansu, Hubei) A. sinuatus Dworakowska, 1980 ��� China (Shaanxi); India; Nepal A. similis Dworakowska, 1977 ��� China (Shaanxi, Yunnan, Sichuan); Vietnam A. shirakiellus (Matsumura, 1931) ��� China (Hunan, Henan, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Taiwan) A. spanner Yu & Yang, 2014 ��� China (Guizhou) A. strumae Yu & Yang, 2014 ��� China (Tibet) A. shokanus Matsumura, 1931 ��� China (Taiwan) A. toroensis Matsumura, 1931 ��� China (Taiwan); Japan A. ursulae Dworakowska, 1997 ��� China (Taiwan) A. vicarius Dworakowska, 1997 ��� China (Yunnan); Myanmar A. waimingi Dworakowska, 1997 ��� China (Hong Kong) A. wushensis Dworakowska, 1997 ��� China (Sichuan, Taiwan) A. yanglinginus Chou & Zhang, 1987 ��� China (Shaanxi, Gansu, Hubei) Apheliona Kirkaldy, 1907 A. ferruginea (Matsumura, 1931) ��� China (Zhejiang, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Hainan, Sichuan, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Taiwan); Japan; India A. indica Dworakowska & Sohi, 1978 ��� China (Shaanxi); India A. robusta Dworakowska, 1994 ��� China (Taiwan) A. taiwana Dworakowska, 1994 ��� China (Taiwan) A. xerophila Dworakowska, 1994 ��� China (Taiwan) A. zhangi Dworakowska, 1994 ��� China (Beijing, Hebei) Circinans Lu & Qin, 2014 b C. striata Lu & Qin, 2014 b���China (Fujian, Guizhou, Hunan) Flaviata Lu & Qin, 2014 F. v a r i a t a Lu & Qin, 2014 ��� China (Sichuan, Zhejiang) F. longa Xu, Lu & Qin, 2015 ��� China (Yunnan) Ghauriana Thapa, 1985 G. sinensis Qin & Zhang, 2011 ��� China (Guangxi, Yunnan) Keumiata Qin & Dietrich, 2014 K. orientalis Qin & Dietrich, 2014 ��� China (Yunnan); Thailand Lumicella Lu & Qin, 2013 L. rotundata Lu & Qin, 2013 ��� China (Fujian) Luodianasca Qin & Zhang, 2008 L. recurvata Qin & Zhang, 2008 ��� China (Guizhou) Membranacea Qin & Zhang, 2011 M. spinata Qin & Zhang, 2011 ��� China (Hunan) M. unijugata Qin & Zhang, 2011 ��� China (Sichuan, Shaanxi) M. plana Qin & Zhang, 2011 ��� China (Hunan) M. hubeiensis Yu & Yang, 2013 ��� China (Hubei) M. stenoprocessa Yu & Yang, 2013 ��� China (Hubei, Guizhou) Nikkotettix Matsumura, 1931 N. cuspidata Qin & Zhang, 2003 ��� China (Hunan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Guangxi) N. taibaiensis Qin & Zhang, 2003 ��� China (Shaanxi) N. erythrinae Dworakowska, 1995 ��� China (Yunnan); Indonesia; Nepal N. galloisi Matsumura, 1931 ��� China (Zhejiang, Shaanxi); Japan Rubiparvus Xu, Dietrich & Qin, gen. nov. R. bistigma Xu, Dietrich & Qin, sp. nov. ��� China (Yunnan) Schizandrasca Anufriev, 1972 S. ussurica (Vilbaste, 1968) ��� China (Hubei, Shaanxi); Far East of Russia; Korea, Published as part of Xu, Ye, Wang, Yu-Ru, Lu, Si-Han, Dietrich, Christopher H. & Qin, Dao-Zheng, 2016, Rubiparvus bistigma, a new genus and species of Empoascini (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae), with a checklist of the Alebroides group in Chinese fauna, pp. 583-589 in Zootaxa 4109 (5) on pages 587-588, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4109.5.6, http://zenodo.org/record/259784, {"references":["Lu, S. - H. & Qin, D. - Z. (2014 a) Alafrasca sticta, a new genus and species of the tribe Empoascini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae) with a checklist of the tribe from China. Zootaxa, 3779 (1), 9 - 19. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3779.1.4","Hayashi, M. & Okada, T. (1994) A new Typhlocybinae leafhopper (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) feeding on kiwi-fruit. Applied Entomology and Zoology, 29 (2), 267 - 271.","Dworakowska, I. (1995) Szara gen. nov. and some other Empoascini (Insecta: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae). Entomologische Abhandlungen des Staatlichen Museums fur Tierkunde Dresden, 56, 129 - 160.","Matsumura, S. (1931) A revision of the Palaearctic and Oriental Typhlocybid-genera with descriptions of new species and new genera. Insecta Matsumurana, 6 (2), 55 - 91.","Dworakowska, I. (1997) A review of the genus Alebroides Matsumura, with description of Shumka gen. nov. (Homoptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae). Oriental Insects, 31, 241 - 407. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00305316.1997.10433759","Yu, X. - F. & Yang, M. - F. (2014) Four new species of Alebroides Matsumura (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae) from China. Zootaxa, 3780 (2), 248 - 262. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3780.2.2","Chou, I. & Zhang, Y. - L. (1987) A taxonomic study of the genus Alebroides Mats. from China (Homoptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae). Entomotaxonomia, 9, 289 - 302.","Sohi, A. S. & Dworakowska, I. (1979) New species of Alebroides Matsumura from India and Tibet (Auchenorrhyncha, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae). Entomon (India), 4 (4), 367 - 372.","Distant, W. L. (1918) Rhynchota. VII. Homoptera: appendix. Heteroptera: addenda. The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Taylor & Francis, London, 210 pp.","Ishihara, T. (1953) A tentative check list of the superfamily Cicadelloidea of Japan (Homoptera). The scientific reports of the Matsuyama agricultural College, 11, 1 - 72.","Vilbaste, J. (1968) Uber die Zikadenfauna des Primorje Gebietes. Valgus, Tallinn, 178 pp.","Dworakowska, I. (1980) On some Typhlocybinae from India (Homoptera, Auchenorrhyncha, Cicadellidae). Entomologische Abhandlungen und Berichte aus dem Staatlichen Museum fur Tierkunde in Dresden, 43 (8), 151 - 201.","Dworakowska, I. (1977) On some Typhlocybinae from Vietnam (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Folia Entomologica Hungarica. 30 (2), 9 - 47.","Kirkaldy, G. W. (1907) Leafhoppers supplement (Hemiptera). Report of work of the Experiment Station of the Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association. Division of Entomology bulletin, 3, 1 - 186.","Dworakowska, I. & Sohi, A. S. (1978) Kadrabia gen. n. and some other Typhlocybinae (Auchenorrhyncha, Cicadellidae) from India. Bulletin de l'Academie Polonaise des Sciences. Serie des Sciences Biologiques, 26 (7), 463 - 471.","Dworakowska, I. (1994) A review of the genera Apheliona Kirk. and Znana gen. nov. (Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae). Oriental Insects, 28, 243 - 308. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 00305316.1994.10432308","Lu, S. - H. & Qin, D. - Z. (2014 b) A new genus and species in the tribe Empoascini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae) from China. ZooKeys, 386, 85 - 91. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 386.7020","Xu, Y., Lu, S. - H. & Qin, D. - Z. (2015) Flaviata longa, a new species in Flaviata Lu & Qin and new synonymies in Empoasca (Matsumurasca) Anufriev (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Empoascini). Zootaxa, 4027 (2), 296 - 300. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4027.2.9","Thapa, V. K. (1985) Some empoascan leafhoppers (Homoptera, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae) from the Kathmandu valley, Nepal. Journal of Entomological Research, 9, 65 - 74.","Qin, D. - Z., Lu, S. - H. & Dietrich, C. H. (2014) A key to the genera of Empoascini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae) in China, with descriptions of two new genera and two new species. Florida Entomologist, 97 (4), 1493 - 1510. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1653 / 024.097.0425","Lu, S. - H., Zhang, L., Qiao, L. & Qin, D. - Z. (2013) Lumicella, a new genus of the tribe Empoascini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae) from China. ZooKeys, 364, 11 - 17. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 364.6618","Qin, D. - Z. & Zhang, Y. - L. (2008) Two new empoascine leafhopper genera and species (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae) from southern China, with a key to Chinese genera of Empoascini. Zootaxa, 1966, 62 - 68.","Yu, X. - F. & Yang, M. - F. (2013) Two new species of Membranacea Qin & Zhang from China (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae: Empoascini). ZooKeys, 260, 77 - 83. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 260.4560","Qin, D. - Z. & Zhang, Y. - L. (2003) Taxonomic study of Nikkotettix (Homoptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae: Empoascini) - new record from China. Entomotaxonomia, 25, 25 - 30.","Anufriev, G. A. (1972) New and little known Palaearctic genera and species of Typhlocybinae (Homoptera, Cicadellidae). Bulletin de l'Academie Polonaise des Sciences. Serie des Sciences Biologiques, 20 (1), 35 - 42."]}

Xu, Ye, Wang, Yu-Ru, Lu, Si-Han, Dietrich, Christopher H., Qin, Dao-Zheng (2016): Rubiparvus bistigma, a new genus and species of Empoascini (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae), with a checklist of the Alebroides group in Chinese fauna. Zootaxa 4109 (5): 583-589, DOI: http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4109.5.6

Ricanula fujianensis sp. nov. (Figs 18���34) Etymology. The species name is derived from the type locality, Fujian Province. Diagnosis. Ricanula fujianensis sp. nov. is similar to R. pulverosa (St��l), but differs from the latter in having numerous yellowish transverse veinlets in inner half of tegmina (with few transverse veinlets on basal portion in R. pulverosa); ventral periandrium of the new species bearing a pair of processes (ear-like structure with almost transparent bar-like process beyond it), bending dorsal and oriented to phallic complex (ventral periandrium without processes in R. pulverosa); apical spinose processes of aedeagus long, surpassing half length of the phallic complex (apical spinose processes short, not reaching half length of the phallic complex in R. pulverosa). Description. Length (inclu. teg.): male 8.7���9.8 mm, female 9.3���10.8 mm. Head. Head with compound eyes nearly as wide as the widest part of mesonotum (Fig. 20). Vertex narrower than pronotum, about 6.0 times wider at the anterior margin than long in midline, all margins well carinate, posterior margin arcuate more strongly than anterior margin; disc of vertex without median carina, from anterior to posterior margins downwardly sloped (Fig. 20). Frons 1.31 times wider at widest part (about the level of lower margin of ocelli), than long in midline, a little longer at upper margin than high in midline; upper margin slightly arcuate, lateral margins arcuate, in lower part curved to frontoclypeal suture; frontal disc with 3 carinae separated basally, lateral carinae arcuate, reaching the level of the midlength of the median carina (Fig. 21); frons oriented postero-ventral (Fig. 19). Frontoclypeal suture arcuate (Fig. 21). Clypeus ecarinate, triangular, not in the same plane than frons and distinctly narrower, median portion convex (Fig. 21). Compound eyes oval, with callus at lower margin (Figs 18���21). Ocelli present (Figs 19, 21). Rostrum reaching mesotrochanters, apical segment shorter than subapical. Thorax. Pronotum distinctly longer in midline than vertex; disc of pronotum with median carina, anterior and posterior margins arcuate, in median portion almost parallel (Fig. 20). Mesonotum about 4.2 times longer than cumulative length of vertex and pronotum in midline; median carina keel-shaped, almost reaching scutellum; lateral carinae not connected basally, almost reaching posterior margins; anterolateral carinae not fused with lateral carinae, not surpassing the lateral angles of mesonotum (Fig. 20). Tegmina (Figs 18���19, 22) membranous, elongately-triangular; costal margin weakly arcuate, slightly incised near apical angle, anterior angle broadly rounded, placed distad to claval angle, posterior margin almost straight. Costal area with sparse transverse veinlets, a little wider than postcostal cell and a little widened apically, postcostal cell without transverse veinlets; basal cell small, widely rounded; veins ScP+R, MP and CuA leaving basal cell separated. ScP+R vein forked just after leaving basal cell, MP dividing into MP1+2 and MP3+4 basally, CuA forked before middle of clavus. Claval veins Pcu and A1 fused about midlength of clavus. Tegmen without lines of transverse veinlets, in inner half with numerous irregular transverse veinlets. Wings small, costal area present and small; postcostal cell distinctly longer than wide, 2 transverse veinlets r-m and m-cu present (Fig. 22). Pro- and mesofemora as long as pro- and mesotibia, both square in cross section; metafemur square, shorter than metatibiae, metatibiae partly flatted, with 2 lateral spines and 6 apical teeth; basitarsomere with 6~8 apical teeth, a little longer than cumulative length of second and hind tarsomere. Metatibiotarsal formula 2/6/6���8. Coloration. General color of body dark brown to dark (Figs 18���19). Vertex with 2 brown reddish stains at each posterolateral corner, lateral margins pale yellow (Fig. 20). Pronotum brown (Fig. 20). Mesonotum dark brown, sometimes with 2 brown reddish spots anterolaterally (Fig. 20). Frons brown, clypeus and rostrum brownish (Fig. 21). Eyes sordid brown, ornamented with irregular black patches (Figs 18���21). Ocelli red. Gena light brown with three pale white spots. Tegmina piceous-brown, costal margin with about 10 transverse black stripes from base to a little beyond middle, between the stripes filled with greyish-white patches, submedially with a large pale flavescent or greyish-white spot marked by two central transverse black lines, the inner half of tegmina filled with numerous pale yellowish transverse veinlets (Figs 19, 22). Wings brown, A2 ornamented with longitudinal grayish band on both sides (Fig. 23). Pro-, mesofemora and tibiae brown. Metafemora and metatibiae brown yellowish. Abdomen dark brown. Male terminalia. Anal tube, in dorsal margin, with basal margin, shorter than posterior margin, posterior margin concave, basal margin straight, lateral margins arcuate, anus placed in middle, paraproct not surpassing the posterior margin (Fig. 30). Anal tube, in lateral view, far surpassing the end of pygofer; ventral margin convex (Fig. 24). Pygofer, in lateral view, higher than wide; dorsally narrower than ventrally, posterior margin almost straight; posterior-dorsal angle without process, caudo-dorsal angle not angulate (Fig. 24). Genital styles in lateral view obviously longer than wide, with a spine-like process at the end of dorsal margin; upper margin convex, lower margin mostly straight; ventral margin in caudo-dorsal angle widely rounded and surpassing the posterior margin of process (Fig. 24). Phallic complex. Phallic complex, in lateral view, broad and short, bent at middle; periandrium with lateral split longer than half of its length, lateral lobes present; periandrium, in dorsal view, longer than aedeagus, upper margin of dorsal periandrium divided in middle, lateral lobes slightly bent inside; in ventral view the upper of ventral margin with 2 ear-shaped lobes, the apical lobe bearing bar-shaped transparent process (in lateral and dorsal views), basal part of periandrium without any additional structures; dorsal periandrium shorter than ventral (Figs 31���33). Aedeagus shorter than periandrium, with 2 pairs of well sclerotized, smooth and spinose processes in lateral view, each process with a single apex, apical process longer than subapical one. Processes long, a little shorter than periandrium, both oriented basad (Figs 31���33). Female terminalia. Pregenital sternite with lateral lobes well developed, median portion strongly narrow; anterior margin weakly concave medially; posterior margin straight with slightly convex median portion (Fig. 34). Anal tube in lateral view short, ventral margin convex (Fig. 25). Anal tube in dorsal view, 1.3 times longer in midline than wide at widest part (widest submedially), lateral margins convex, basal margin slightly concave, posterior margin concave, anus placed after midlength, paraproct surpassing the posterior margin of anal tube (Fig. 29). Gonoplac: posterior margin bearing 2 well visible rows of blunt and short teeth (the upper margin 2-3 melt rows), posterior ventral part partly membranous (Fig. 26). Gonapophysis VIII partly flattened laterally, tapering apicad; dorsal margin slightly concave, with sharp apex and well visible teeth at posterodorsal margin, near apex with spiniferous microsculpture; endogonocoxal process narrower and shorter than gonaphophysis VIII, smooth (Fig. 28). Gonapophysis IX with posterior connective lamina sclerotized, gonospiculum bridge finger-like caudodorsally, needle-like ventro-dorsally (Fig. 26). Type material. Holotype, 1♂: [China: Fujian, Wuyi mountain, Tongmucun, 850 m, coll. Manqiang Wang and Bin Xiao, 16 Aug. 2008]. Paratypes: 6♂♂ and 5♀♀, same data as holotype; 9♂♂ and 10♀♀: [Fujian, Sanming, Longxi mountain, 725 m, col. Fengjuan Ren, 2 Aug. 2013]. Distribution. China: Fujian Province., Published as part of Ren, Lan-Lan, Stroi��ski, Adam & Qin, Dao-Zheng, 2016, Three new species of the genus Ricanula Melichar, 1898 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Ricaniidae) from China, pp. 557-569 in Zootaxa 4168 (3) on pages 562-566, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4168.3.7, http://zenodo.org/record/261468

Ren, Lan-Lan, Stroiński, Adam, Qin, Dao-Zheng (2016): Three new species of the genus Ricanula Melichar, 1898 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Ricaniidae) from China. Zootaxa 4168 (3): 557-569, DOI: http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4168.3.7

Rubiparvus bistigma Xu, Dietrich & Qin, sp. nov. (Figs 1���19) Type materials. Holotype. ♂ (NWAFU), China, Yunnan Province, Mengla, Nanping, 27 July, 2014, coll. Huifeng Suo, by light trap. Paratypes. 5 ♂♂, same data as holotype (NWAFU). Description. Body length: male 2.6-2.8 mm. Ground color orange red. Head with median black spot at apical transition from crown to face and symmetrical pale submedial spots on crown and face, frontoclypeus with diffuse brown medial spot just dorsad of anteclypeus (Figs 1���4). Eyes black (Figs 1���4). Antennae with scape white, pedicel red (Fig. 4). Pronotum mostly orange red, anterior margin and arcuate area behind eyes with irregular yellow patches (Fig. 3). Mesonotum with basolateral triangles black, otherwise orange-yellow (Fig. 3). Forewing and hind wing smily subhyaline, brochosome field tan (Figs 9, 10). Abdomen black. Legs tan except 1 st, 2 nd tibia and hind tarsus sordid white. Basal sternal abdominal apodemes reaching anterior margin of segment 5 to 6 (Figs 7, 8). Male pygofer in lateral view with 5-10 rigid microsetae along posterior margin, dorsal bridge occupying nearly half total length of pygofer (Figs 5, 6, 11���13). Subgenital plate strongly narrowed in apical 1 / 3, apically curved dorsad and acutely angulate in lateral view, A and D-group setae absent, B-group setae (22���25) arranged in two or three rows occupying almost apical half of dorsolateral margin, C-group seta (1) preapical on ventral side, additional tiny setae arranged in four to six rows occupying in the lower margin of subgenital plate (Figs 5, 6, 11, 17, 19). Paramere apex curved laterad and terminating in sharp point, bearing 4 fine setae and few sensory pits (Figs 5, 11, 17, 18). Aedeagus shaft tubular, dorsal apodeme expanded and strongly compressed, mostly membranous; preatrium well developed, bent at acute angle in lateral view, fused with connective; shaft in dorsal view slightly broadened medially, apical processes curved posterolaterad, each with lateral membranous lobe at base, gonopore apical between bases of processes (Figs 15, 16). Anal tube appendage attenuate, extended ventrad into genital capsule and curved posterad, apex extended beyond posteroventral margin of pygofer, anal tube small (Figs 5, 11, 14). Etymology. The name, a noun in apposition, is derived from the Latin words ��� bi- ��� and ��� -stigma ���, referring to the two black spots on the thorax. Distribution. China (Yunnan)., Published as part of Xu, Ye, Wang, Yu-Ru, Lu, Si-Han, Dietrich, Christopher H. & Qin, Dao-Zheng, 2016, Rubiparvus bistigma, a new genus and species of Empoascini (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae), with a checklist of the Alebroides group in Chinese fauna, pp. 583-589 in Zootaxa 4109 (5) on pages 585-587, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4109.5.6, http://zenodo.org/record/259784

Ricanula unica sp. nov. (Figs 1–17) Etymology. The name is derived from the Latin word “unicus” (single), referring to only one pair of apical processes of the aedeagus. Diagnosis. Ricanula unica sp. nov. is similar to Ricanula pulverosa (Stål), but differs from the latter in having only one pair of apical spinose processes of aedeagus (with two pairs of apical spinose processes of aedeagus in R. pulverosa). Description. Length (inclu. teg.): male 9.3–10.5 mm, female 9.7–11.3 mm. Head. Head with compound eyes (in dorsal view) a little narrower than the widest part of mesonotum (Fig. 3). Vertex short, 7.3 times wider at the anterior margin than long in midline, anterior and posterior margins arcuate, posterior margin arcuate more than anterior margin; disc of vertex without median carina, from anterior to posterior margins downward sloped (Fig. 3). Frons at upper margin as wide as high in midline, 1.29 times wider at widest part (about the level of lower margin of compound eyes) than long in midline; upper margin slightly convex, lateral margins arcuate, not incised near ocelli, in lower part slightly curved to frontoclypeal suture; frontal disc with 3 carinae separated basally, lateral carinae arcuate, almost parallel to lateral margins and finishing basally at the same level than the median carina, reaching the level of antennae (Fig. 4); frons not in the same plane, the apical part below the level of antenna strongly sloped downward, oriented postero-ventral (Fig. 4). Compound eyes oval, with callus at lower margin (Figs 1–4). Pedicel elongate, barrel-shaped (Fig. 2). Ocelli present (Figs 2, 4). Frontoclypeal suture arcuate (Fig. 4). Clypeus ecarinate, distinctly narrower than frons, disc with median portion convex longitudinally (Fig. 4). Rostrum reaching mesotrochanters, apical segment distinctly shorter than subapical. Thorax. Pronotum distinctly longer in midline than vertex; anterior and posterior margins arcuate, almost parallel in median portion (Fig. 3). Mesonotum elongate, distinctly longer than cumulative length of vertex and pronotum in midline; median carina keel-shaped, almost reaching scutellum; lateral carinae not connecting with anterior margin, almost reaching posterior margins; anterolateral carinae connected with anterior margin, not connected with lateral carinae (Fig. 3). Tegmina (Figs 1, 2, 5) membranous, elongately-triangular; costal margin weakly arcuate, apical angle broadly rounded, placed distad to claval angle, posterior margin arcuate. Costal area of tegmina with sparse transverse veinlets, a little wider than postcostal cell and widened apically, postcostal cell narrower than costal area, without transverse veinlets; basal cell small, widely rounded; veins ScP+R, MP1+2, MP3+4 and CuA leaving basal cell separated. ScP+R vein forked just after leaving basal cell, CuA forked before middle of clavus. Tegmen without lines of transverse veinlets. Cubital cell with transverse veinlets, icu veinlets present. Claval veins Pcu and A1 fused about midlength of clavus. Transverse veinlets present in the median portion of tegmen closing inner margin. Wings small, costal area present, small; postcostal cell distinctly longer than wide, and 2 transverse veinlets rm and m-cu present (Fig. 6). Pro- and mesofemora as long as pro- and mesotibia tibiae, both square in cross section; metafemur square, shorter than metatibiae. Metatibia with 2 lateral spines and 6 apical teeth; basitarsomere a little longer than cumulative length of second and hind tarsomere, with 5–7 apical teeth. Metatibiotarsal formula 2/6/5–7. Coloration. General color of body dark brown to dark (Figs 1–2). Lateral margins of vertex creamy (Fig. 3); apical margin of frons near frontoclypeal suture with brown yellowish band, median portion of clypeus and rostrum brown (Fig. 4). Eyes sordid brown, ornamented with irregular black patches (Figs 3–4). Gena light brown with three pale yellowish spot. Tegmina piceous-brown, costal margin with about 14 transverse black stripes from base to a little beyond middle, between the transverse black stripes filled with greyish-white stripes, near middle a large pale flavescent or greyish-white spot marked by two central transverse back lines, disc of tegmina near posterior margin with pale yellowish transverse veinlets (Fig. 5). Wings brown, each side of A2 with a grayish narrowed band longitudinally (Fig. 6). Pro- and mesofemora brown, both tibiae brown yellowish. Metafemora and metatibiae brown yellowish. Abdomen dark brown. Male terminalia. Anal tube elongate; basal margin, in dorsal view, about twice shorter than posterior margin, posterior margin strongly concave, basal margin slightly convex, lateral margins straight, anus placed a bit after midlength, paraproct surpassing the posterior margin (Fig. 12). Anal tube, in lateral view, strongly extending the end of the pygofer, ventral margin slightly concave (Fig. 7). Pygofer in lateral view higher than wide; dorsally narrower than ventrally, posterior margin almost straight, posterior-dorsal angle with process, caudodorsal angle angulate (Fig. 7). Genital styles, in lateral view, obviously longer than wide and bearing spine-like process at the end of dorsal margin; both lower and upper margins convex; ventral margin in caudo-dorsal angle widely rounded and surpassing the posterior margin of process, hind margin straight (Fig. 7). Phallic complex. Phallic complex slender, arcuate in lateral view (Figs 7, 14). In apical part, periandrium shorter than aedeagus, upper margin of dorsal periandrium “w” shaped with split in middle line, surpassing the half length of periandrium; lateral margin of dorsal periandrium, in ventral view, bending ventral and slightly inside-out forming two small crescented lobes. Basal part of periandrium without any additional structures, dorsal periandrium shorter than the ventral one, middle part of upper margin of ventral periandrium slightly concave (Figs 14–16). Aedeagus longer than periandrium, with pair of well sclerotized, smooth and spinose processes; each process with a single apex; processes bending from dorsal to ventral side, about one third of phallic complex, oriented ventrally (Figs 14–16). Female terminalia. Pregenital sternite with lateral lobes well developed, median portion distinctly narrower than lateral lobes; anterior margin weakly convex medially; posterior margin almost straight with middle portion slightly incised (Fig. 17). Anal tube in lateral view elongate, reaching a half of the upper margin of gonoplac, ventral margin convex (Fig. 8). Anal tube, in dorsal view, 1.87 times longer in midline than wide at the widest part, the widest near median portion, lateral margins convex, basal margin slightly concave, posterior margin arcuate, anus placed after midlength, paraproct distinctly surpassing the posterior margin of anal tube (Fig. 13). Gonoplac with posterior margin bearing 2–3 well visible rows of blunt and short teeth; posterior ventral part partly membranous (Fig. 9). Gonapophysis VIII partly laterally flattened, tapering apicad, dorsal margin slightly concave with sharp apex and well visible teeth at the posterior-dorsal margin, with spiniferous microsculpture near apex; endogonocoxal process narrower and shorter than gonaphophysis VIII, smooth (Fig. 11). Gonapophysis IX as in Fig 10, ventral portion membraneous, dorsal portion sclerotized; gonospiculum bridge flatted caudo-dorsally, needle-like ventro-dorsally. Bursa copulatrix with two widely connected white, circular and partly wrinkled pouches; the first pouch with well visible cells and sclerotized ornamentation, the second one without cells but with well visible numerous surface pores (Fig. 8). Spermatheca well developed; ductus receptaculi wrinkled, longer than diverticulum ductus. Type materials. Holotype, male: [China: Guangxi, Guilin, Huaping National Nature Reserve, 1000 m, coll. Yinfeng Meng, 26 Jul. 2014]. Paratypes: 1♂ and 3♀♀, same data as holotype; 4♂♂ and 6♀♀: [China: Guangxi, Langping, Cenwanglao mountain, coll. Yinfeng Meng and Ye Xu, 11 Aug. 2014]; 4♂♂ and 12♀♀: [China: Guangxi, Guilin, Huaping National Nature Reserve, coll. Lanlan Ren, 18 Jul. 2015]; 9♂♂ and 18♀♀: [China: Guizhou, Duyun, Dongpeng mountain, coll. Lanlan Ren, 3 Jul. 2015]. Distribution. China (Guangxi, Guizhou).

Rubiparvus Xu, Dietrich & Qin, gen. nov. Type species: Rubiparvus bistigma Xu, Dietrich & Qin, sp. nov. here designated. Description. Small, fragile empoascines marked with red and brown pigment. Head including eyes slightly narrower than maximum width of pronotum (Figs 1, 3). Vertex in dorsal view shorter than width between eyes, anterior margin slightly produced medially (Figs 1���4), profile of transition to face rounded (Fig. 2). Coronal suture distinct, not reaching anterior margin (Figs 1, 3). Face broad, convex in profile, lateral frontal suture extended to ocelli but not continuing to midline (Fig. 4). Ocelli on margin about equidistant between eye and midline (Figs 3, 4). Pronotum large, more than twice as long as crown (Figs 1, 3). Forewing narrow, rounded apically, apical cells occupying almost one-third of the total length, veins RP and MP��� confluent pre-apically for short distance, both arise from r cell and MP���+CuA��� from m cell; third apical cell broadened at base, slightly narrowed apically (Fig. 9). Hindwing with CuA branched, point of branching distad of coalescence of CuA with MP��� (Fig. 10). Front femur with dorsoapical pair of macrosetae, AM 1 enlarged and situated on ventral margin, intercalary row with 1 large basal seta and 6 smaller setae more distad. Hind femur macrosetae 2 + 1, row AV with 13 macrosetae near apex. Male basal abdominal sternal apodemes well developed, parallel sided or slightly tapered (Figs 7, 8). Male pygofer elongate, with several rigid microsetae along posterior margin, ventral appendage absent (Figs 5, 11���13), dorsal bridge long (Figs 6, 12). Sternite IX well developed (Figs 5, 11, 19). Subgenital plate robust, relatively short and broad, base articulated to sternite IX, without basolateral extension, apex extended slightly beyond pygofer side, A-group setae absent, D-group setae undifferentiated, B-group setae scattered in two to three rows in apical half, C-group reduced to single preapical macroseta (Figs 5, 6, 11, 17, 19). Paramere short and robust, apodeme as long as apophysis, apophysis broadened near base and strongly narrowed apicad, preapical setae and sensory pits distinct, apex without teeth (Figs 5, 11, 17, 18). Connective fused with the base of aedeagus (Figs 15, 16). Aedeagal shaft tubular, preatrium and dorsal apodeme developed, apex with pair of processes (Figs 5, 15, 16). Anal tube appendage long and thin (Figs 5, 11, 14). Etymology. The generic name, a masculine noun, is a combination of Latin ��� rubidum ��� meaning reddish, and ��� parvus ���, referring to the small body. Notes. The new genus superficially resembles Ishiharella in external coloration (especially the median apical spot on the head), in lacking a ventral pygofer appendage and in having the setae of group C on the subgenital plate reduced in number but differs in having the crown distinctly produced medially, vein CuA of the hind wing branched, the subgenital plates free (not fused), and the connective fused to the aedeagus. Rubiparvus differs from all other known genera of Empoascini in having only a single macroseta on each subgenital plate. Several genera of Typhlocybini also have a single macroseta on the subgenital plate but at the base rather than near the apex. The new genus is also unusual among Empoascini in having the male paramere with a broad preapical lobe; nearly all other Empoascini have the apophysis of the paramere slender throughout and lacking a preapical lobe. The relatively short, broad paramere of Rubiparvus resembles that found in some Dikraneurini. Dietrich (2013) and Qin et al. (2014) discussed characters separating Empoascini from other tribes of Typhlocybinae. Although the relatively broad paramere and reduced subgenital plate macrosetae of Rubiparvus are unusual among Empoascini and resemble features found in other typhlocybine tribes, placement of the new genus in Empoascini is strongly supported by the forewing venation and the presence of a well-developed anal tube process in the male. The fusion of the aedeagus with the connective is not known in other members of the Alebroides generic group, to which Rubiparvus belongs based on its hind wing venation, but occurs in several genera of the Empoasca -generic group (characterized by the unbranched vein CuA in the hind wing), including Baguoidea Mahmood, Dayus Mahmood, Homa Distant, Goifa Dworakowska, T r eufalka Qin & Zhang, Usharia Dworakowska and Ifugoa Dworakowska & Pawar (Qin et al., 2014). Most of these genera differ from Rubiparvus not only in hind wing venation but also in having the apodemes of male abdominal sternite II strongly reduced but the apodemes of tergite III enlarged and strongly divergent. Distribution. China (Yunnan)., Published as part of Xu, Ye, Wang, Yu-Ru, Lu, Si-Han, Dietrich, Christopher H. & Qin, Dao-Zheng, 2016, Rubiparvus bistigma, a new genus and species of Empoascini (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae), with a checklist of the Alebroides group in Chinese fauna, pp. 583-589 in Zootaxa 4109 (5) on page 584, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4109.5.6, http://zenodo.org/record/259784, {"references":["Dietrich, C. H. (2013) Two new genera of Dikraneurini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae) from Thailand with unusual hind wing venation. Entomotaxonomia, 35 (2), 138 - 145."]}

Background subtraction method is a tracking method only based on motion information. It cannot make a distinction between the foreground objects detected. The feature-based tracking methods need to select the appropriate prediction and search algorithm. But the algorithm complexity and amount of computation is large for the multi-target tracking. Therefore, this paper presents the method based on the combination of background subtraction and color feature. For improving the weak points of the traditional background subtraction method based on grayscale image, it is proposed to use the background subtraction based on RGB color difference. It improves the integrity of the foreground regions that makes better effect of the color feature matching. The experimental results show that in the multi-target tracking applications, the proposed method is simple and easy to implement. It can be used to track the targets with specific color feature and has high robustness.

The traditional background difference method is based on gray image. Some information is lost when color image is transformed into gray image. So it is difficult to discriminate different colors with similar gray values and easily disturbed by noise and shadows. In this paper, the background difference is based on RGB color model. It is proposed to use the average value of each pixel of the color image sequences to extract the background, and then use the three-dimensional color values of the current frame and background image to compute the difference to detect the moving objects. The proposed approach is simple and easy to implement. The experimental results show that it is more sensitive to colors and has higher accuracy and robustness than the traditional background difference method. Besides, it is more resistant to shadows.

The utilization of supply chain knowledge in shipbuilding industry lags other industries. This paper proposed a new Supplier Selection Strategy Model to help shipbuilding companies making supplier selecting decisions under different market quotations. Two calculation examples in the typical Buyer Market and Seller Market are described respectively. It is concluded that under different market quotations, the selection of supplier will be completely different because the market condition will influence the shipbuilding companies’ behavior significantly. At last, some suggestions are proposed for future researches in order to provide decidion supports for shipbuilding companies and improve their competitiveness in changing market conditions.

A new leafhopper genus of the tribe Empoascini, Rubiparvus gen. nov., is described based on Rubiparvus bistigma sp. nov. from Yunnan (southwest China). Habitus photos and illustrations of male genitalia of this new species are given. Differences between the new genus and closely related genera are discussed. A checklist of the Alebroides generic group in the Chinese fauna is provided.

Background Tea green leafhopper is one of the most dominant pests in Chinese tea plantations. Recent evidence, including morphological and molecular data, revealed that tea green leafhopper in China is the same species as in Japan, Empoasca (Matsumurasca) onukii Matsuda. Previous morphological study that revealed variation in the structure of the male genitalia within and among populations of this species suggested that there may be significant population-level genetic variation. To provide powerful molecular markers to explore the population genetic diversity and population genetic structure of this pest in China, microsatellite markers were obtained by AFLP of sequences containing repeats (FIASCO). Results Eighteen polymorphic markers were evaluated for five populations of E. (M.) onukii, Two related empoascine leafhopper species were selected to test the transferability of the markers. Population genetic structure of E. (M.) onukii was detected using Structure analysis, principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and variance analysis. The identified markers were polymorphic with total number of alleles ranging from 6 to 24 per locus, observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.133 to 0.9 and 0.183 to 0.926, respectively, and the polymorphic information content value over all populations varied from 0.429 to 0.911. Conclusions This is the first study to demonstrate that microsatellite markers provide valuable information for genetic structure of E. (M.) onukii in Chinese tea plantations. There is obvious genetic differentiation between the two populations in the Southwest tea area. These microsatellite markers will be the powerful tools for genetic studies of E. (M.) onukii and improve understanding of the microevolution of this species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12863-016-0420-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

A new genus in the tribe Issini (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Issidae) is described from South China: Orbita Meng & Wang, gen. nov., its type species Orbita parallelodroma Meng & Wang, gen. et sp. nov. (China: Fujian) is described and illustrated. In addition, one new species of Neokodaiana Yang, N. minensis sp. nov. is described and illustrated from the same locality as the new genus. A key to the genera of Issini from China and neighbouring countries is provided.

In this paper, a new controller of the pitch angle of the wind turbine is designed based on improved cooperative co-evolutionary algorithm(ICCEA). The ICCEA is based on general co-evolution model, and can choose evolutionary algorithm for its subpopulations independently, and regulate the probabilities of individuals production to promote the speed of evolutionary according to the characteristic of control system by introducing distribution function. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed controller can efficiently and steady control the output power of the wind power generation system. Compared with the traditional PID controller, the controller has better control performance.

Phosphorus and boron-doped palladium nanoparticles supported on carbon nanotubes (P-Pd/CNTs and B-Pd/CNTs, respectively) were prepared and evaluated for oxygen reduction reactivity (ORR) in alkaline environments. The prepared catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron probe microanalysis (EMPA), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The ORR activity, methanol tolerance, and durability of the prepared catalysts were evaluated in oxygen-saturated 0.1 M potassium hydroxide electrolytes via cyclic voltammetry (CV) and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) on rotating disk electrodes. The mechanisms and kinetics of ORR were discussed. The results show that P-Pd/CNTs exhibit higher ORR activity than B-Pd/CNTs and Pd/CNTs, higher methanol tolerance than commercial Pt/C, and excellent durability with 90% of the original activity maintained after 1000 voltage cycles. The ORR on P-Pd/CNTs proceeds via a 4-electron reduction process with O2 reduced to H2O directly, during which the rate-determining step is charge transfer at low overpotential and then changes to mass transport at high overpotential.

The maritime system has a high level of uncertainty, which makes it difficult to assess its safety. This paper proposes an improved formal safety assessment (FSA) method based on fuzzy logic and employing if–then rules, which model the qualitative aspects of human knowledge and reasoning processes. A fuzzy expert system is then designed to address FSA's risk assessment step. An investigation is performed to gain expert knowledge, which is essential to building this system. An example that assesses the safety of Chinese maritime passages is used to illustrate the methodology. The method is effective in the solution of problems with high uncertainty. Finally, suggestions are given to enhance the level of safety.

As a scarce strategic resource, crude oil is closely intertwined with national strategies, global policies, international relationships, and national competence. Unbalanced demand and production of crude oil lead to huge amounts of import and export activities. Marine transportation accounts for about 80% of the total oil transport because of the low cost. However, it also incurs an extremely high risk in doing so. Therefore, it is significantly important to assess and control risk effectively in crude oil transportation. In risk assessment, uncertainty evaluation becomes a key variable that cannot be neglected. Previous cases show that fuzzy logic can be applied to manage uncertainty. However, the use of fuzzy logic usually encounters two difficulties: determination of the membership functions and establishment of the reference machine. This paper presents a dynamic fuzzy logic model (DFLM) that can improve the stated problems. The DFLM is developed from fuzzy theory and an incident causation model. The model is examined with a hypothetical case. Preliminary results show that the model reduces the time of risk assessment and increases the reliability of evaluation.

Key to species of Euricania from China (males) 1. Clypeus with median carina........................................................ E. xizangensis Chou et Lu - Clypeus without median carina......................................................................... 2 2. Tegmina without transverse fasciae...................................................................... 3 - Tegmina with transverse fasciae......................................................................... 4 3. Aedeagus with apical spinose process longer than half length of periandrium in midline at about 1: 2.. E. paraclara sp. nov. - Aedeagus with apical spinose process shorter than half length of periandrium in midline at about 1: 3........ E. clara Kato 4. Tegmina without brown ringlet fasciae................................................................... 5 - Tegmina with brown ringlet fasciae...................................................................... 6 5. Lateral carinae of frons shorter than median carina at about 1: 3.4........................ E. 1 onga Xu, Liang et Jiang - Lateral carinae of frons shorter than median carina at about 1: 1.4................................ E. facialis Melichar 6. Aedeagus with apical process longer than half length of periandrium in middle line at about 1: 2; subapical lateral process shorter than dorsal process at about 1: 5...................................................... E. ocellus Walker - Aedeagus with apical spinose process shorter than half length of periandrium in midline at about 1: 3, subapical lateral process shorter than dorsal process at about 1: 2.......................................... E. brevicula Xu, Liang et Jiang

Euricania paraclara sp. nov. (Figs 1–17) Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the similarity of this new species to Euricania clara Kato, 1932. Diagnosis. Euricania paraclara sp. nov. is similar to Euricania clara Kato, but differs from the latter by having long apical spinose process of aedeagus surpassing half length of periandrium in midline (apical spinose process of aedeagus short, not surpassing half length of periandrium in E. clara). Description. Length (including tegmina): male 9.5 –11.0 mm, female 8.5–9.5 mm. HEAD. Head with compound eyes (in dorsal view) about as wide as mesonotum (Figs 1, 3). Vertex transverse, 9 times wider at the anterior margin than long in midline, with all margins strongly carinate, anterior and posterior margins arcuate, almost parallel; disc of vertex without median carina (Fig. 3). Frons at upper margin 1.35 times as wide as tall in midline; frons widest at lower part of compound eyes shorter than long in midline about 1.45: 1; upper margin slightly convex, lateral margins arcuate, not incised near ocelli, in lower part slightly curved to frontoclypeal suture; frontal disc with 3 carinae separated basally and delicately rugose vertically, median carina extending the midlength of frons, lateral carinae arcuate, shorter than median carina about 1: 1.6, reaching the level of ocelli (Fig. 4). Compound eyes oval, with small callus at lower margin. Pedicel elongate, barrel-shaped, with plate organs located apically. Ocelli present. Frontoclypeal suture arcuate. Clypeus without carinae, with median portion convex (Fig. 4). Rostrum reaching mesotrochanters, apical segment shorter than subapical. THORAX. Pronotum distinctly longer in midline than vertex; disc of pronotum with median carina and two lateral impressions, anterior and posterior margins in median portion almost parallel (Fig. 3). Mesonotum elongate, distinctly longer than cumulative length of vertex and pronotum in midline; median carina distinctly visible, keel-shaped and reaching almost scutellum; lateral carinae connected basally, reaching posterior margins; anterolateral carinae not surpassing the lateral angles of mesonotum, connected with lateral carinae (Figs 1–3). Tegmina (Figs 1, 2 & 5) membranous, elongately-triangular; costal margin weakly arcuate, anterior angle broadly rounded, placed distad to claval angle, posterior margin angulate. Costal area of tegmen with transverse veinlets, a little wider than postcostal cell and widened apically; postcostal cell narrower than costal area with a few incomplete transverse veinlets, basal cell widely rounded; veins ScP+RA, MP and CuA separated at base. ScP+RA vein forked a bit distad than MP fork, CuA stem distinctly longer than other stems, forked after MP 1 + 2 and MP 3 + 4. Tegmen with 2 lines of transverse veinlets, apical and subapical cells longer than wide. Cubital cell without transverse veinlets, icu veinlet present. Claval veins Pcu and A 1 fused about midlength of clavus, transverse veinlets present between CuP-Pcu and Pcu+A 1 -CuP. Wings small, with precostal cell longer than wide, and 2 transverse veinlets r-m and m-cu (Fig. 6). Metatibia longer than metafemur, with 2 lateral spines placed distally and with 6 apical teeth; basitarsomere as long as cumulative length of meta- and hind tarsomere, with 8 apical teeth. Metatibiotarsal formula 2 / 6 / 8. Coloration. General colour of body dark brown to dark (Figs 1–2). Posterolateral corner of vertex has a visible brown macula on each side (Fig. 3). Lateral margins of vertex, frons in apical ⅔, clypeus and rostrum yellowish brown (Figs 1–3). Eyes sordid brownish ornamented with irregular black patches (Figs 1–4). Tegmina with costal marginal fascia dark brown, with a yellow, rhomboid patch near middle, beneath with a white small spot; apical and inner margins with brown fasciae (Figs. 1, 4 & 5). Costal and inner margins of wings with narrow, brown fasciae; apical marginal fascia brown and broad, vannal region brownish except for a grayish longitudinal band between veins A 1 and A 2 (Fig. 6). Abdomen dark brown, each tergite with a narrow brown stripe posteriorly (Fig. 1). Legs yellow (Fig. 3). MALE TERMINALIA. Anal tube oval in dorsal view, widest in middle, length at midline: maximum width ratio = 1.44: 1, posterior margin slightly concave, basal margin almost straight, lateral margins strongly convex, anus placed a bit after midlength (Figs 7 & 12). Anal tube in lateral view (Fig. 7) not extending the end of the genital styles; ventral margin strongly arcuate. Pygofer, in lateral view (Fig. 7), taller than wide; dorsal part narrower than ventral, posterior margin almost straight; posterior-dorsal angle without process, caudoventral angle obtuse (Fig. 7). Genital styles (in lateral view, Fig. 7), distinctly longer than wide and bearing distinct spine-like process at the end of dorsal margin; lower and upper margin weakly arcuate, almost parallel; hind margin of caudo-dorsal angle widely rounded, surpassing the posterior margin of process. Phallic complex (Figs 7, 14– 16). Periandrium with lateral split shorter than the half of its length. Basal part of periandrium elevated without any additional structures; dorsal periandrium shorter than ventral one, upper median lateral fold of periandrium well developed, narrow and smooth. Aedeagus a bit longer than periandrium, with pair of well sclerotized, smooth, spinose processes. Each process with a single apex, base of the process placed under the lateral lobe of dorsal periandrium. Apical process distinctly longer than subapical one, surpassing the midlength of periandrium, oriented cephalad and laterad; subapical lateral process distinctly shorter than apical, strongly curved, with apex oriented basad. FEMALE TERMINALIA. Pregenital sternite with median portion distinctly narrower, comparing to well developed lateral lobes; anterior margin weakly convex medially, posterior margin almost straight (Fig. 17). Anal tube in lateral view with ventral margin convex (Fig. 8). Anal tube in dorsal view egg-shaped, widest at basal third, length at midline: maximum width ratio = 1.67: 1, lateral margins convex, basal margin nearly straight, posterior margin concave, anus placed after midlength (Fig. 13). Gonoplac unilobate, triangular, with posterior margins bearing 2 rows of blunt and short teeth, posteroventral part partly membranous (Fig. 10). Gonapophysis VIII partly laterally flattened, tapering apicad; dorsal margin shallowly concave with sharp apex and well visible teeth at the postero-dorsal margin, near apex with spiniferous microsculpture; endogonocoxal process narrower and shorter than gonaphophysis VIII (Fig. 11). Gonapophysis IX with posterior connective lamina sclerotized, gonospiculum bridge finger-like dorsobasally, needle-like ventrobasally (Fig. 9). Bursa copulatrix with widely connected 2 pouches; first pouch with well visible cells and sclerotized ornamentation, the second one without cells but with well visible numerous superficial pores (Fig. 8). Spermatheca well developed; ductus receptaculi wrinkled, longer than diverticulum ductus. Type materials. Holotype, male: [China: Guizhou, Dabanshui, 1000m, coll. Lifang Zheng, 26 Aug. 2012]. Paratypes: 12 males and 40 females, same data as holotype. Distribution. China (Guizhou).

Key to species of the genus Flaviata Lu & Qin (males) 1. Dorsal process of pygofer surpassing end of lobe; anal tube appendages short and small, in profile directed but not reflexed caudad apically, in ventral view not overlapped near apices; paramere attenuate and smooth, without teeth at apex .................................................................................................................................. Flaviata variata Lu & Qin - Dorsal process of pygofer not surpassing the end of lobe; anal tube appendages long and large, in profile reflexed caudad apically, in ventral view overlapped near apices; paramere blunt-tipped with tiny teeth apically on ventral side ............................................................................................................................................. Flaviata longa sp. nov., Published as part of Xu, Ye, Lu, Si-Han & Qin, Dao-Zheng, 2015, Flaviata longa, a new species in Flaviata Lu & Qin and new synonymies in Empoasca (Matsumurasca) Anufriev (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Empoascini), pp. 296-300 in Zootaxa 4027 (2) on page 297, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4027.2.9, http://zenodo.org/record/245387

Xu, Ye, Lu, Si-Han, Qin, Dao-Zheng (2015): Flaviata longa, a new species in Flaviata Lu & Qin and new synonymies in Empoasca (Matsumurasca) Anufriev (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Empoascini). Zootaxa 4027 (2): 296-300, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4027.2.9

Ren, Lan-Lan, Stroiński, Adam, Qin, Dao-Zheng (2015): A new species of the genus Euricania Melichar, 1898 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Ricaniidae) from China, with a world checklist and a key to all species recorded for the country. Zootaxa 4033 (1): 137-143, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4033.1.8

Flaviata longa sp. nov. (Figs. 1���20) Type materials. Holotype. Male, China, Yunnan, Tengchong, 8 May, 2012, coll. Yanghui Cao by light trap. Paratypes. 2 males, same data as holotype. Description. Length, male 5.8���6.0 mm. Color. General color of body yellow. Vertex orange. Crown with small beige to tan depression on each side of coronal suture, coronal suture yellowish brown (Figs. 1, 3). Eyes dark brown (Figs. 1���4). Ocelli surrounded with milky patch (Figs. 1, 3, 4). Face with longitudinal yellow stripe medially not reaching end of anteclypeus, remaining area of face yellow to whitish (Fig. 4). Pronotum orange centrally, laterally yellow, anterior margin and arcuate area behind eyes marked with small creamy patches (Figs. 1, 3). Mesonotum centrally and basal angles with triangular beige patches (Figs. 1, 3). Fore- and hind wing subhyaline (Figs. 1, 2). Abdomen brown dorsally with irregular sordid yellow patches laterally on each tergite, beige ventrally. Legs yellow except apex of tibiae to tarsus in fore- to hind legs sordid cyan (Fig. 2). Male basal abdominal apodemes not exceeding middle of segment 6 (Fig. 7). Male pygofer in profile almost triangular, strongly sclerotized dorsally, terminal process bent basoventrad at nearly right angle, hook-shaped, not exceeding end of lobe, along caudoventral margin bearing 46���49 rigid microsetae divided into two groups, lower group arranged in 3 rows; dorsal bridge nearly 1 / 4 total length of the lobe, apically membranous (Figs. 5, 6, 10���12). Subgenital plate exceeding end of pygofer side, broad at base, A-group setae absent, B-group setae (50���52) arranged in 3���5 rows occupying nearly half length of dorsal margin, C-group setae (19���20) sharply terminated, starting near base and reaching apex of plate, somewhat arranged in two rows in basal half, D-group setae numerous, long, irregularly arranged in 3���6 irregular rows (Figs. 5, 6, 10, 17, 20). Paramere narrowed in caudal 2 / 3, medially bearing a few fine setae and sensory pits, apex curved at nearly right angle, blunt, and bearing tiny teeth on ventral side (Figs. 5, 6, 10, 17, 19). Aedeagal shaft tubular, broad at base and strongly narrowed distad, apical 2 / 5 slightly sinuate, apex slightly expanded, poorly sclerotized and rugose, dorso-basal lamella of shaft narrowed dorsad, gonopore apical (Figs. 5, 6, 10, 15, 16). Connective nearly trapezoidal, anterior margin straight medially, caudal margin emarginate in middle (Figs. 6, 18). Anal tube membranous, ventro-basal appendages long, reflexed caudad in profile, in ventral view overlapped near apices (Figs. 5, 6, 10, 13, 14). Remarks. This new species differs from Flaviata variata Lu & Qin, 2014 in having a longer body (5.8���6.0 mm compared to 5.0���5.2 mm in F. variata) (Figs. 1, 2); dorsal process of pygofer not surpassing the end of the lobe (surpassing end of the lobe in F. variata) (Figs. 5, 10���12); anal tube appendages long and reflexed caudad in profile, in ventral view overlapped near apices (anal tube appendage short, not reflexed caudad in profile and not overlapped in ventral aspect in F. variata) (Figs. 10, 13, 14); and paramere blunt-tipped with tiny teeth apically on ventral side (attenuate and without teeth in F. variata) (Fig. 19). Etymology. The specific epithet alludes to the long anal tube appendage. Distribution. China (Yunnan)., Published as part of Xu, Ye, Lu, Si-Han & Qin, Dao-Zheng, 2015, Flaviata longa, a new species in Flaviata Lu & Qin and new synonymies in Empoasca (Matsumurasca) Anufriev (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Empoascini), pp. 296-300 in Zootaxa 4027 (2) on pages 297-298, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4027.2.9, http://zenodo.org/record/245387, {"references":["Qin, D. Z., Lu, S. H. & Dietrich, C. H. (2014) A key to the genera of Empoascini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae) in China, with descriptions of two new genera and two new species. Florida Entomologist, 97 (4), 1493 - 1510. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1653 / 024.097.0425"]}

Empoasca (Matsumurasca) quadrialata Qin & Zhang, 2011 Empoasca (Matsumurasca) quadrifida Qin & Zhang, 2008: 24, preoccupied by Empoasca quadrifida Southern, 1982. Empoasca (Matsumurasca) quadrialata Qin & Zhang, 2011 (in Liu et al., 2011): 34, replacement name for Qin & Zhang, 2008. Empoasca (Matsumurasca) qini Zhang, 2014 (in Liu et al., 2014): 342. syn. nov. Remarks. E. (M.) quadrifida described by Qin & Zhang (2008) is a primary junior homonym of E. quadrifida Southern, 1982. Qin & Zhang (in Liu et al., 2011) subsequently proposed a replacement name, E. (M.) quadrialata for Qin & Zhang���s (2008) name. For the same reason as noted in E. (M.) clypealata Qin & Zhang, the name, E. (M.) qini proposed by Zhang (in Liu et al., 2014) is a junior objective synonym of E. (M.) quadrialata Qin & Zhang, 2011., Published as part of Xu, Ye, Lu, Si-Han & Qin, Dao-Zheng, 2015, Flaviata longa, a new species in Flaviata Lu & Qin and new synonymies in Empoasca (Matsumurasca) Anufriev (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Empoascini), pp. 296-300 in Zootaxa 4027 (2) on page 300, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4027.2.9, http://zenodo.org/record/245387, {"references":["Liu, Y., Qin, D. Z., Fletcher, M. J. & Zhang, Y. L. (2011) Review of Empoasca (Matsumurasca) Anufriev (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae: Empoascini), with description of three new species from China. Zootaxa, 3003, 22 - 42.","Qin, D. Z. & Zhang, Y. L. (2008) The leafhopper subgenus Empoasca (Matsumurasca) from China (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae: Empoascini), with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa, 1817, 18 - 26.","Southern, P. S. (1982) A Taxonomic Study of the Leafhopper Genus Empoasca (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) in Eastern Peru. Technical Bulletin 272. North Carolina State University, Raleigh, N. C., 194 pp.","Liu, Y., Fletcher, M. J., Dietrich, C. H. & Zhang, Y. L. (2014) New species and records of Asymmetrasca (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae: Empoascini) from China and name changes in Empoasca (Matsumurasca). Zootaxa, 3768 (3), 327 - 350. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3768.3.4"]}

Genus Flaviata Lu & Qin, 2014 Flaviata Lu & Qin, in Qin et al., 2014: 1506. Type species. Flaviata variata Lu & Qin, 2014, by original designation. Body robust. Head including eyes broader than pronotum in dorsal view. Crown short and broad, rounded anteriorly, anterior and posterior margins parallel, coronal suture short; ocelli on margin about equidistant between eye and midline. Face broad, distinctly convex in profile. Pronotum large. Forewing narrow, rounded apically, veins RP and MP��� arising from r cell and MP���+CuA��� from m cell. Hind wing with bifurcation point of CuA basad of coalescence of CuA with MP���, cell cua��� fairly large. Front femur with dorsoapical pair of macrosetae, AM 1 enlarged and situated on ventral margin, intercalary row with 2 large basal setae and 8 smaller setae more distad. Hind femur macrosetae 2 + 1 + 1, row AV with 9 macrosetae near apex. Male basal abdominal apodemes developed. Pygofer strongly sclerotized dorsally and terminating in a process, ventral appendage absent, dorsal bridge short. Subgenital plate surpassing pygofer side, A-group setae absent. Paramere robust, apically curved, with a few fine setae and sensory pits near middle. Connective trapezoidal. Aedeagal shaft tubular, dorso-basally with broad lamella connecting with base of anal tube, preatrium short, dorsoatrium absent. Anal tube with pair of basal ventral processes. Distribution. China (Sichuan, Zhejiang, Yunnan)., Published as part of Xu, Ye, Lu, Si-Han & Qin, Dao-Zheng, 2015, Flaviata longa, a new species in Flaviata Lu & Qin and new synonymies in Empoasca (Matsumurasca) Anufriev (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Empoascini), pp. 296-300 in Zootaxa 4027 (2) on page 297, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4027.2.9, http://zenodo.org/record/245387, {"references":["Qin, D. Z., Lu, S. H. & Dietrich, C. H. (2014) A key to the genera of Empoascini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae) in China, with descriptions of two new genera and two new species. Florida Entomologist, 97 (4), 1493 - 1510. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1653 / 024.097.0425"]}

Euricania Melichar, 1898 Euricania Melichar, 1898 a: 258. Euricania Melichar, 1898 b: 393. Type species. Pochazia ocellus Walker, 1851, designated by Distant 1906: 385., Published as part of Ren, Lan-Lan, Stroi��ski, Adam & Qin, Dao-Zheng, 2015, A new species of the genus Euricania Melichar, 1898 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Ricaniidae) from China, with a world checklist and a key to all species recorded for the country, pp. 137-143 in Zootaxa 4033 (1) on page 138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4033.1.8, http://zenodo.org/record/234496, {"references":["Melichar, L. (1898 a) Monographie der Ricaniiden (Homoptera). Annalen des K. K. Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums, 8 (2 - 3), 197 - 359.","Melichar, L. (1898 b) Vorlaufige Beschreibnungen neuer Ricaniiden. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologischbotanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 48, 384 - 400.","Walker, F. (1851) List of the specimens of Homopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Order of the Trustees, 2, 261 - 636. [London]","Distant, W. L. (1906) The fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma. Rhynchota (Heteroptera-Homoptera) 3. Taylor and Francis, London, 503 pp."]}

One new species of the Oriental planthopper genus Varma Distant (1906) (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Tropiduchidae), V. serrata Men & Qin, sp. nov. (southern China: Yunnan) is described and illustrated. A checklist of known species of the genus Varma along with a key to known species are provided. The type specimens of the new species are deposited in the Entomological Museum, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China (NWAFU).

One new species of the planthopper genus Epora Walker (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Tropiduchidae), E. bilemisca sp. nov. (southern China: Hainan) is described and illustrated. A key to the known species of the genus from China is also provided. The types are deposited in the Entomological Museum, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province, China (NWAFU).