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Objetivo: Objetivou-se analisar criticamente as produções científicas acerca do cuidado de enfermagem ao paciente com úlcera venosa. Método: Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa, inclui a análise crítica de estudos relevantes, adotando método sistemático e rigoroso de busca em bases de dados confiáveis, possibilitando conhecimento de determinados assuntos para a prática clínica de enfermagem segura e baseada em evidência. Para seleção e apresentação dos estudos foi utilizado o instrumento Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Resultados: A priori, 188 publicações foram identificadas. A posteriori, aplicaram-se três Testes de Relevância (TR). TR I, considerando os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, TR II, que consistia na leitura do título e do resumo do artigo e TR III, que consistiu na leitura na íntegra identificando sua pertinência. Discussão: Observa-se com a revisão realizada que, os enfermeiros vêm publicando estratégias de cuidados baseados em métodos curativos e tecnológicos a pacientes com úlcera venosa. Conclusões: Este estudo possibilitou observar a produção de conhecimento científico por enfermeiros sobre cuidados com úlcera venosa, bem como a elaboração e utilização de ferramentas no atendimento, dando auxilio nas condutas. O estudo demonstra as principais atividades do enfermeiro aos pacientes com lesões venosas, utilizando abordagens alternativas e estratégias para adesão do paciente à terapêutica, tornando-a cada vez mais eficiente.

Objetivo: Descrever interação estabelecida entre enfermeira e paciente baseado na Teoria de Imogene King dirigida às pessoas com úlcera venosa. Métodos: Pesquisa-ação realizada em hospital de atenção secundária em Fortaleza-CE. Os dados foram coletados mediante entrevistas individuais e encontros de maio a setembro de 2015. Oito pacientes compuseram a amostra. Adotou-se análise de conteúdo para as entrevistas. Resultados: Emergiram três categorias e nove subcategorias baseadas nos sistemas interatuantes de King: sistema pessoal, com 61,2% das unidades de registro; sistema interpessoal, com 21,6%; e sistema social, com 16,2%. Obteve-se, mediante interação proporcionada em encontros, 59,2% de metas totalmente atingidas e 31,3% de metas parcialmente atingidas. Conclusão: O uso da pesquisa-ação articulado à King é relevante para o paciente com úlcera venosa por poder alcançar metas, não somente relacionadas à doença e à ferida, mas por proporcionar envolvimento, iniciativa e compromisso no cuidado efetivo, buscando a melhoria da qualidade de vida.

Infection with verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) became nationally reportable in 1990. Between 1990 and 1994, the national incidence of reported infections ranged from 3 to 5.3 per 100,000 inhabitants. Most cases are sporadic and are caused by E. coli O157:H7. Recent investigations have identified that, in addition to exposure to undercooked ground beef, contact with cattle, consumption of well water, and exposure to rural environments are important risk factors for VTEC infection. Also, results of case-control studies and detection of asymptomatic fecal carriage of E. coli O157:H7 and other VTEC in farm family members and abattoir workers have led to an increasing emphasis on person-to-person spread in the epidemiology of VTEC infection. Controlling E. coli O157:H7 and other VTEC at the farm level may therefore have a broader impact than simply reducing the risk of foodborne VTEC infection. Longitudinal studies on dairy farms have demonstrated that E. coli O157:H7 carriage by cattle at the farm and animal level is often transient, and that cattle, rather than the farm environment, are the major reservoir for this organism on dairy farms. Small herds that are controlled by traditional management practices have the highest risk for VTEC infection. Further studies are likely to result in development of effective strategies to control VTEC at the farm level.

Verocytotoxin-producing E. coli (VTEC) of serotype O157:H7 have been shown to be important agents of foodborne disease in humans worldwide. While the majority of research effort has been targeted on this serotype it is becoming more evident that other serotypes of VTEC can also be associated with human disease. An increasing number of these non-O157:H7 VTEC have been isolated from humans suffering from HUS and diarrhea. Recently a number of foodborne outbreaks in the USA, Australia, and other countries have been attributed to non-O157:H7 VTEC serotypes. Surveys of animal populations in a variety of countries have shown that the cattle reservoir contains more than 100 serotypes of VTEC, many of which are similar to those isolated from humans. The diversity and complexity of the VTEC family requires that laboratories and public health surveillance systems have the ability to detect and monitor all serotypes of VTEC.

The integration of renewable distributed generation into distribution systems has been studied comprehensively, due to the potential benefits, such as the reduction of energy losses and mitigation of the environmental impacts resulting from power generation. The problem of minimizing energy losses in distribution systems and the methods used for optimal integration of the renewable distributed generation have been the subject of recent studies. The present study proposes an analytical method which addresses the problem of sizing the nominal power of photovoltaic generation, connected to the nodes of a radial distribution feeder. The goal of this method is to minimize the total energy losses during the daily insolation period, with an optimization constraint consisting in the energy flow in the slack bus, conditioned to the energetic independence of the feeder. The sizing is achieved from the photovoltaic generation capacity and load factors, calculated in time intervals defined in the typical production curve of a photovoltaic unit connected to the distribution system. The analytical method has its foundations on Lagrange multipliers and relies on the Gauss-Jacobi method to make the resulting equation system solution feasible. This optimization method was evaluated on the IEEE 37-bus test system, from which the scenarios of generation integration were considered. The obtained results display the optimal sizing as well as the energy losses related to additional power and the location of the photovoltaic generation in distributed generation integration scenarios.

[nota do editor: partitura publicada, transcrições]

Neste artigo, buscamos compreender algumas das técnicas e estratégias empregadas pelo músico Toninho Horta na função de violonista acompanhador, notadamente em sua atuação no disco “Sem Você” (Omagatoki, 1995), realizado em parceria com a cantora Joyce Moreno. Por meio da transcrição e análise de duas versões da canção “Ela é Carioca” (Tom Jobim/Vinicius de Moraes) que constam no referido álbum, investigamos quatro elementos presentes nas duas performances, a saber: 1) reharmonização; 2) manipulação da forma; 3) levadas rítmico-harmônicas ao violão; 4) estratégias de resolução de problemas de ordem técnico-instrumental. Na reflexão empreendida, sublinhou-se o quarto item como característica da execução de Horta que pode indicar novas perspectivas sobre os recursos idiomáticos do violão. Por fim, buscamos comparar a atuação de Horta nos dois takes, a fim de verificar a hipótese de que as performances analisadas possuem caráter improvisado.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the productivity, productive efficiency, and nutritional value of the elephant grass cultivar BRS capiacu (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.), managed at four regrowth ages during winter in the semiarid region of northern Minas Gerais, Brazil. A completely randomized design with the elephant grass cultivar BRS capiacu was submitted to four cut intervals (30, 60, 90, and 120 days) in the winter with ten replications, for a total of 40 plots, each with a useful area of 6 × 5 m. There was a linear increase of 76.25% (P

Highlights • The schwannoma of the esophagus is a rare case report. • We present a review of the main characteristics of this disease. • Aspects covered epidemiological, clinical, surgical, histopathological and immunohistochemical., Introduction Schwannoma is a tumor of the peripheral nervous system originated in the Schwann cells of the neural sheath. Presentation of case A 43-years-old male complained of odynophagia, dysphagia and hemoptysis. The upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showed a smooth elevated lesion, 20 cm from the incisor teeth, occupying the entire lumen of the esophagus. The chest computed tomography (CT) scan showed a lesion of 7 cm and superior mediastinal, lower paraesophageal and cardiac enlarged lymph nodes. A posterolateral thoracotomy was performed with total esophagectomy without intraoperative complications. The anatomopathological analysis revealed fusocellular mesenchymal neoplasia of low malignancy potential. The immunohistochemical study showed positivity for S-100 protein and KI67 antibodies and absence of staining for CD117, CD34, ALK protein, SMA and Desmin. Thus, the morphological and immunohistochemical findings pointed to the diagnosis of esophageal Schwannoma. Discussion Although rare and indolent, Schwannoma occurs in the peripheral nervous system, being uncommon in the esophagus. Conclusion The immunohistochemical study is essential for the diagnosis, which is based on the positivity for S-100 protein and absence of staining for CD34 and CD117.

Objective: To describe and quantify the main changes seen on computed tomography of the chest in mildly symptomatic adult patients with sickle cell disease, as well as to evaluate the radiologist accuracy in determining the type of hemoglobinopathy. Materials and Methods: A prospective study involving 44 adult patients with sickle cell disease who underwent inspiration and expiration computed tomography of the chest. The frequency of tomography findings and the extent of involvement are reported. We also calculated radiologist accuracy in determining the type of hemoglobinopathy by analyzing the pulmonary alterations and morphology of the spleen. Results: The changes found on computed tomography scans, in descending order of frequency, were as follows: fibrotic opacities (81.8%); mosaic attenuation (56.8%); architectural distortion (31.8%); cardiomegaly (25.0%); lobar volume reduction (18.2%); and increased caliber of peripheral pulmonary arteries (9.1%). For most of the findings, the involvement was considered mild, five or fewer lung segments being affected. The accuracy in determining the type of hemoglobinopathy (HbSS group versus not HbSS group) was 72.7%. Conclusion: In adult patients with sickle cell disease, the main tomography findings reflect fibrotic changes. In addition, computed tomography can be helpful in differentiating among hemoglobinopathies. Resumo Objetivo: Descrever e quantificar as principais alterações na tomografia computadorizada do tórax em pacientes adultos oligossintomáticos com doença falciforme e, secundariamente, avaliar o índice de acerto do radiologista quanto ao tipo de hemoglobinopatia. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo prospectivo em que 44 pacientes adultos com doença falciforme foram submetidos a tomografia computadorizada do tórax tanto em inspiração como em expiração. Foram descritos a frequência dos achados tomográficos e os graus de acometimento. Por meio da análise das alterações pulmonares e do padrão morfológico do baço, foi calculado o índice de acerto do radiologista quanto ao tipo de hemoglobinopatia. Resultados: As alterações encontradas nos exames de tomografia computadorizada, em ordem decrescente de frequência, foram: opacidades reticulares (81,8%), padrão de atenuação em mosaico (56,8%), distorção arquitetural (31,8%), cardiomegalia (25%), redução volumétrica lobar (18,2%) e aumento do calibre de ramos periféricos das artérias pulmonares (9,1%). Na maioria dos achados o grau de acometimento foi considerado leve, com até cinco segmentos pulmonares acometidos. O índice de acerto quanto ao tipo de hemoglobinopatia (grupo HbSS versus grupo não HbSS) foi 72,7%. Conclusão: Em pacientes adultos com doença falciforme os principais achados tomográficos refletem alterações fibróticas. Além do mais, a tomografia computadorizada pode ser útil na diferenciação do tipo de hemoglobinopatia.

Municipal sewage sludge is a waste with high organic load generated in large quantities that can be treated by biodegradation techniques to reduce its risk to the environment. This research studies vermicomposting and vermicomposting after composting of sewage sludge with the earthworm specie Eisenia andrei. In order to determine the effect that earthworms cause on the microbial dynamics depending on the treatment, the structure and activity of the microbial community was assessed using phospholipid fatty acid analysis and enzyme activities, during 112days of vermicomposting of fresh and composted sewage sludge, with and without earthworms. The presence of earthworms significantly reduced microbial biomass and all microbial groups (Gram+ bacteria, Gram- bacteria and fungi), as well as cellulase and alkaline phosphatase activities. Combined composting-vermicomposting treatment showed a lesser development of earthworms, higher bacterial and fungal biomass than vermicomposting treatment and greater differences, compared with the control without earthworms, in cellulase, β-glucosidase, alkaline and acid phosphatase. Both treatments were suitable for the stabilization of municipal sewage sludge and the combined composting-vermicomposting treatment can be a viable process for maturation of fresh compost.

Introdução: A neoplasia de mama é uma das mais prevalentes entre as mulheres e pode proporcionar experiência traumáticas às mulheres. As alterações relacionadas ao aparecimento dessa patologia podem ocasionar alterações no humor, autoestima e sexualidade. Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar a qualidade de vida de mulheres após o diagnóstico de câncer de mama. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo de natureza quantitativa com delineamento transversal. A população do estudo foi composta por mulheres que, na data da coleta deste estudo, tivessem o diagnóstico de câncer de mama há pelo menos 4 meses e que se mantivessem em tratamento no centro oncológico. Para coleta de dados, foi realizado um Cadastro Prévio das mulheres através da Ficha de Cadastro, e em seguida a aplicação da escala WHOQOL-Bref a fim de avaliar a qualidade de vida de mulheres que estavam em tratamento do Câncer de Mama. Resultados: A maioria das mulheres entrevistadas (80%) avaliou sua qualidade de vida de forma positiva. Enquanto 48,3% manifestaram sentimentos negativos, 91,7% mostraram-se satisfeitas com o apoio recebido dos amigos. A qualidade de vida relacionada ao meio ambiente foi a única que não apresentou em sua maioria, classificação boa ou muito boa. Conclusão: A partir da realização deste trabalho, conclui-se que embora o diagnóstico de neoplasia de mama possa trazer impactos negativos na vida das mulheres, a maioria delas classifica a sua qualidade de vida boa ou muito boa, sugerindo que a abordagem terapêutica e o apoio familiar podem amenizar os impactos deste diagnóstico.

Floating photovoltaic systems could be used to mitigate water supply issues by reducing the evaporation rate of water bodies such as weirs. This paper aims to estimate the potential evaporation prevented and the potential electrical energy generated by the installation of floating photovoltaic systems in specific weirs of the Brazilian semiarid region. Moreover, an economic feasibility analysis is carried out regarding energy and water supply. A net present value approach was used to conduct this analysis. The software System Advisor Model was employed to simulate and compare the performance of two photovoltaic systems in the region: floating and ground-mounted. Three scenarios of the surface cover are considered for the weirs: 1) the average area occupied by dead storage of all weirs; 2) 50% of the total area of weirs; 3) 70% of the total area of weirs. Results show that the installation of floating photovoltaic systems over weirs of the Apodi/Mossoro basin would potentially preserve 20.6 Mm³ of water in scenario 1, 83.3 Mm³ in 2 and 124.3 Mm³ in 3. The annual electricity generation estimated in scenarios 1, 2, and 3 is 2.3 TWh, 8.6 TWh, and 12 TWh, respectively. Financial results show that when energy and water cash flows are considered together, payback time diminishes, and the project becomes more economically feasible.

The objective of this research is to study the maturation process of buffel grass cv. Aridus seeds in order to determine their best harvest season, aiming at maximum seed quality. During the inflorescence emergence phase, they were labeled upon showing from five to ten inflorescences emerged per m2. The first seed harvest was done 20 days after inflorescence emergence, and the other harvests were done at 5-day intervals, totaling six harvests. In each harvest season, the seeds were assessed as to water content, dry matter mass, germination, first germination count, seedlings emergence, emergence speed index, and electrical conductivity. The physiological maturity of buffel grass seeds (maximum germination, vigor and dry matter accumulation) occurs from 38 to 42 days after inflorescence emergence, moment when harvest must be done.

This study proposes a methodology for quantifying the development level of new technologies introduced into the Brazilian Power Sector. The objective is to provide information reflecting technological trends, thus creating opportunities to invest in startups. Based on the findings of a survey conducted with CleanTech startups in Brazil, this analysis is based on Hype Cycle curves for the three main technologies: energy storage, photovoltaic panels and microgrids. The assessment shows that photovoltaic panels and microgrid technologies are more mature than energy storage. However, expectations for technologies available on the market are decreasing, due mainly to a lack of incentives for their use.

Municipal sewage sludge is a waste with high organic load generated in large quantities that can be treated by biodegradation techniques such as composting to reduce its risk to the environment. This research studies the physicochemical variability of sewage sludge from treatment plants in the south of Galicia (Spain) and determines if it is possible to establish a protocol for the use of bulking agent depending on the composition of the sludge and the development of the composting process. Therefore, physicochemical analyses of 35 sewage sludge from different municipalities and 10 samples from the same treatment plant are discussed. Three different mixtures bulking agent:sewage sludge (3:1, 2:1, 1:1, v:v) were carried out in 30 L reactors in triplicate. Finally, proportion 2:1 was replicated six times in a 600 L reactor. High inter-sludge variability was observed specially in key parameters such as moisture and C/N ratio. Intra-variability was lower, and 2:1 proportion was the most suitable mixture since extending the thermophilic phase of the composting process at a greater degree. However, repeatability of the process at a higher scale showed different responses in the temperature evolution. Variability of sewage sludge makes difficult to establish treatment protocols although minimum requirements are necessary for proper composting.

Twelve combined wide-angle refraction and coincident multi-channel seismic profiles were acquired in the Jequitinhonha-Camamu-Almada, Jacuipe, and Sergipe-Alagoas basins, NE Brazil, during the SALSA experiment in 2014. Profiles SL11 and SL12 image the Jequitinhonha basin, perpendicularly to the coast, with 15 and 11 four-channel ocean-bottom seismometers, respectively. Profile SL10 runs parallel to the coast, crossing profiles SL11 and SL12, imaging the proximal Jequitinhonha and Almada basins with 17 ocean-bottom seismometers. Forward modelling, combined with pre-stack depth migration to increase the horizontal resolution of the velocity models, indicates that sediment thickness varies between 3.3 km and 6.2 km in the distal basin. Crustal thickness at the western edge of the profiles is of around 20 km, with velocity gradients indicating a continental origin. It decreases to less than 5 km in the distal basin, with high seismic velocities and gradients, not compatible with normal oceanic crust nor exhumed upper mantle. Typical oceanic crust is never imaged along these about 200 km-long profiles and we propose that the transitional crust in the Jequitinhonha basin is a made of exhumed lower continental crust.

A videira (Vitis vinifera L.) é uma cultura que representa importância económica e social de grande relevo a nível mundial. Neste trabalho efetuou-se a propagação vegetativa de estacas de V. vinifera de duas castas presentes na Região Demarcada dos Vinhos Verdes, Alvarinho e Fernão-Pires, em câmara climatizada com o objetivo de otimizar o enraizamento e o crescimento forçado, através da aplicação de promotores de enraizamento. As substâncias promotoras de enraizamento aplicadas foram: o Ácido Indol-butírico a 0,8% (IBA) e um bioestimulante natural à base algas marinhas, tendo sido este último aplicado em duas concentrações diferentes (50% e 100%). As restantes estacas não receberam qualquer tratamento (Controlo). A nível radicular determinou-se o número de raízes, o comprimento da maior raiz, área, volume radicular e peso seco radicular. A nível da parte aérea mediu-se o número de folhas, comprimento, peso seco e área foliar. Procedeu-se também ao estudo histológico das raízes das respetivas estacas e efetuaram-se medições do diâmetro da raíz, tamanho da zona cortical e do cilindro central. A casta Fernão-Pires teve taxas de enraizamento e de abrolhamento superiores e, no geral, um maior crescimento e desenvolvimento da parte radicular e aérea. Para as duas castas, os tratamentos com IBA e bioestimulante a 50% foram os que tiveram maiores taxas de enraizamento e o IBA teve maior taxa de abrolhamento. O bioestimulante a 100% foi o tratamento que revelou maior desenvolvimento da parte radicular e, pelo contrário, menor desenvolvimento da parte aérea. Já o IBA foi o que potenciou maior desenvolvimento da parte aérea e menor desenvolvimento da parte radicular em relação ao bioestimulante 50% e bioestimulante 100%. A nível histológico, os resultados demontraram que a aplicação dos promotores de crescimento aumentou o diâmetro total das raízes e o diâmetro do cilindro central comparativamente ao Controlo, especialmente o tratamento com bioestimulante 50%. The grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is a crop that represents a great economic and social importance worldwide. In this experiment, vegetative propagation of V.vinifera cuttings of two cultivars from Vinhos Verdes Demarcated Region, Alvarinho and Fernão-Pires, were performed in a climatizated chamber with the goal of optimizing the rooting and the forced growing of cuttings. Two different rooting promoter substances were used: IBA (Indol-Butyric acid at 0.8%) and bioestimulant, the latter having been applied in two different concentration levels (50% and 100%). The other cuttings didn’t receive any treatment (Control test). At the root level, the parameters that have been determined were the number of roots, the length of the longer root, the root area, the root volume and the total root dry weight. As for the aerial part, the numbers of leaves, the length, the dry weight and the leaf area have been analysed. A histological study of the roots has also been performed, as well as measurements of the root’s diameter, the size of the cortical area and the size of the central cylinder. Fernão-Pires cultivar has revealed higher rooting and sprouting rates, and in general also overperformed Alvarinho cultivar in the growth and development of both the roots and the leaves. For both cultivars, the treatments with IBA and bioestimulant 50% were the ones with higher rooting rates, while IBA alone was responsible for the highest sprouting rates. Bioestimulant 100% was the treatment that presented the most significant roots development, and also the less prominent growth of the aerial part. On the contrary, IBA potentiated the greatest aerial part development but less relevant roots growth when compared to bioestimulant 50% and bioestimulant 100%. The results of histological study roots showed that the application of the growth promoters, all of them but bioestimulant 50% in particular, potentiated the increase of the diameter of both the roots and the centar cylinder, when compared to the Control plants.

The objective of this study was to select sorghum genotypes for silage production. The study was carried out at Embrapa Maize & Sorghum’s experimental field. Planting was performed in randomized blocks, with three replicates and the Scott-Knott test at a 5% probability level. The material was ensilaged in laboratory silos opened after 56 days for analysis concerning fermentation and bromatological composition. Only crude protein showed no significant difference (p > 0.05), with an overall mean of 8.88%. The other variables presented significant differences (p < 0.05): pH (3.34 to 3.94); Aw (0.93 to 0.98); N-NH 3/TN (1.61 to 6.56%); green matter yield (12.05 to 34.14 t ha-1); dry matter yield (6.19 to 11.42 t ha-1); dry matter (26.89 to 49.95%); ashes (4.08 to 6.88%); neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein (47.67 to 65.79%); acid detergent fiber (16.62 to 35.89%); hemicellulose:cellulose (1.07 to 2.71%); lignin (2.03 to 6.52%), digestible dry matter yield (3.70 to 7.41 t ha-1) and dry matter digestibility (56.36 to 72.67%). Based on digestible dry matter yield, the genotypes: male 201191 and hybrids 2012F47484, 2012F47515 and 2012F47525 stood out in relation to the others for showing good yielding, adequate nutritional value, with low dry matter and NDF levels coupled with high digestibility values and good fermentation patterns of the silages. RESUMO. Objetivou-se selecionar genótipos de sorgo para produção de silagem. O estudo foi conduzido no campo experimental da Embrapa Milho e Sorgo. O plantio foi realizado em blocos casualizados, com três repetições e teste Scott-Knott em nível de 5% de probabilidade. O material foi ensilado em silos laboratoriais, abertos com 56 dias para realização das análises fermentativa e composição bromatológica. Somente a proteína bruta não apresentou diferença significativa (p > 0,05), com média geral de 8,88%. As demais variáveis apresentaram diferenças significativas (p < 0,05):pH (3,34 a 3,94); Aw (0,93 a 0,98); N-NH3/NT (1,61 a 6,56 %); produção de matéria verde (12,05 a 34,14 t ha-¹); produção de matéria seca (6,19 a 11,42 t ha-¹); matéria seca (26,89 a 49,95 %); cinzas (4,08 a 6,88 %); fibra em detergente neutro corrigido para cinzas e proteínas (47,67 a 65,79 %); fibra em detergente ácido (16,62 a 35,89%); hemicelulose:celulose (1,07 a 2,71 %); lignina (2,03 a 6,52 %), produção de matéria seca digestível (3,70 a 7,41 t ha-¹) e digestibilidade da matéria seca (56,36 a 72,67%). Com base na produção de matéria seca digestível, os genótipos: macho 201191, e os híbridos 2012F47484, 2012F47515 e 2012F47525 se sobressaíram em relação aos demais uma vez que apresenta boa produtividade, adequado valor nutricional, com baixos teores de matéria seca e FDN aliado com altos valores de digestibilidade e bom padrão fermentativo das silagens.

Municipal sewage sludge is a waste with high organic load generated in large quantities that can be treated by biodegradation techniques such as composting to reduce its risk to the environment. This research studies the physicochemical variability of sewage sludge from treatment plants in the south of Galicia (Spain) and determines if it is possible to establish a protocol for the use of bulking agent depending on the composition of the sludge and the development of the composting process. Therefore, physicochemical analyses of 35 sewage sludge from different municipalities and 10 samples from the same treatment plant are discussed. Three different mixtures bulking agent:sewage sludge (3:1, 2:1, 1:1, v:v) were carried out in 30 L reactors in triplicate. Finally, proportion 2:1 was replicated six times in a 600 L reactor. High inter-sludge variability was observed specially in key parameters such as moisture and C/N ratio. Intra-variability was lower, and 2:1 proportion was the most suitable mixture since extending the thermophilic phase of the composting process at a greater degree. However, repeatability of the process at a higher scale showed different responses in the temperature evolution. Variability of sewage sludge makes difficult to establish treatment protocols although minimum requirements are necessary for proper composting.

A aplicação de micronutrientes via tratamento de sementes, visando aumentar a produtividade, tem apresentado resultados positivos. É crescente o uso de novos produtos para incorporação de aditivos às sementes, objetivando melhorar seu potencial produtivo. No entanto, pouco se sabe sobre o real efeito desses produtos no desempenho fisiológico das sementes. Assim, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de sorgo em resposta ao tratamento com fertilizantes à base de zinco e molibdênio (Zn 35%; Mo 3,5%). O experimento foi conduzido no Laboratório de Análise de Sementes da Unimontes, campus Janaúba. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado (DIC), com seis repetições por tratamentos, em esquema fatorial 2 x 2, utilizando duas cultivares de sorgo (BRS 610 e Volumax) e duas doses de fertilizante (0,0 L e 0,3 L do produto por hectare). Foram realizadas as seguintes determinações para avaliação da qualidade fisiológica das sementes: teor de água, peso de 100 sementes, germinação, primeira contagem de germinação, emergência de plântulas, índice de velocidade de emergência, teste frio, massa fresca de plântulas, massa seca de plântulas e comprimento de plântulas. As sementes de sorgo da cultivar Volumax apresentam qualidade fisiológica superior à BRS 610. A qualidade fisiológica das sementes é influenciada positivamente pela aplicação de fertilizante a base de zinco e molibdênio.

The structure and nature of the crust underlying the Santos Basin-Sao Paulo Plateau System (SSPS), in the SE Brazilian margin, are discussed based on five wide-angle seismic profiles acquired during the Santos Basin (SanBa) experiment in 2011. Velocity models allow us to precisely divide the SSPS in six domains from unthinned continental crust (Domain CC) to normal oceanic crust (Domain OC). A seventh domain (Domain D), a triangular shape region in the SE of the SSPS, is discussed by Klingelhoefer et al. (2014). Beneath the continental shelf, a ~100 km wide necking zone (Domain N) is imaged where the continental crust thins abruptly from ~40 km to less than 15 km. Toward the ocean, most of the SSPS (Domains A and C) shows velocity ranges, velocity gradients, and a Moho interface characteristic of the thinned continental crust. The central domain (Domain B) has, however, a very heterogeneous structure. While its southwestern part still exhibits extremely thinned (7 km) continental crust, its northeastern part depicts a 2–4 km thick upper layer (6.0–6.5 km/s) overlying an anomalous velocity layer (7.0–7.8 km/s) and no evidence of a Moho interface. This structure is interpreted as atypical oceanic crust, exhumed lower crust, or upper continental crust intruded by mafic material, overlying either altered mantle in the first two cases or intruded lower continental crust in the last case. The deep structure and v-shaped segmentation of the SSPS confirm that an initial episode of rifting occurred there obliquely to the general opening direction of the South Atlantic Central Segment.

This study aimed to evaluate the yield of meat cuts and other body components of sheep kept on pasture Panicum maximum, Massai cultivar, fed increasing amounts of concentrate. The animals were divided into four treatments according to the concentrate intake in relation to body weight (zero, 0.7, 1.4 and 2.1%). After slaughter of the sheep, the weights of non-hollow viscera (tongue, lung, liver, diaphragm, kidney and spleen), hollow ones (trachea, esophagus, heart, gallbladder, bladder, rumen, omasum, abomasum, small and larger intestines), other components (blood, skin, feet, head, tail and mammary gland) and fat in the viscera (omental, mesenteric, perirenal and cavity). In carcasses, the commercial cuts were made (shoulder, ribs, loin, leg, and neck). The cuts except the neck, did not alter their weights, however, there were changes in their proportions. Only the percentage of loin did not change. With the intake of 1.42% in concentrate for body weight, there was an increase of ribs over the leg. The total weight of the non-carcass did not change, however, there was variations in its proportion. Amongst the most noticeable changes is the amount of visceral fat, which greatly increased when the sheep ingested 1.35% in concentrate for body weight. Therefore, concentrate intake by culling ewes does not increase mass commercial cuts. The proportions of commercial cuts and other body constituents change diffusely. With the maturity has been reached, the observed weight gain is, in most cases, result of increased visceral fat.

Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is the most common parasitic infection of the central nervous system (CNS) [1, 2]. It is estimated that approximately 50 million people are infected with NCC in developing countries, and this disease is considered endemic in Latin America, Asia and Africa [1]. Typically, this infection affects the brain parenchyma, manifesting as a focal lesion with adjacent edema. This condition rarely affects the ventricular system and subarachnoid space, although in cases where it does involve these regions, it is referred to as racemose NCC, which can rarely be observed by computed tomography (CT) [3]. Here, we report a case of racemose NCC in which neuroimaging findings were of critical importance for establishing the diagnosis of this rare form of NCC.

Clinically healthy pigs used in research are assumed to have normal cardiac structure and function. Subclinical cardiac abnormalities may adversely affect the responses being measured in these experiments. The gross and histologic lesions observed in hearts collected from a Canadian abattoir between 2012 and 2015 indicated an unexpectedly high prevalence of cardiac abnormalities: 75% (297/396) of the hearts examined had such lesions. The ratios of total heart weight to body weight and of right ventricle weight to body weight were significantly greater for the hearts with lesions than for the hearts with no lesions, which suggests that cardiac remodeling, particularly hypertrophy, had occurred. The large percentage of hearts with cardiac remodeling from asymptomatic market pigs demonstrates an increased probability that subclinical cardiac abnormalities may exist in research pigs, especially those accessed through commercial channels. Researchers should be aware of this likelihood if subclinical cardiac abnormalities could adversely affect their experimental findings.Les porcs cliniquement en santé utilisés en recherche sont présumés avoir une structure et fonction cardiaques normales. Des anormalités cardiaques sous-cliniques peuvent affecter de manière adverse les réponses étant mesurées dans ces expériences. Les lésions macroscopiques et histologiques observées dans les coeurs amassés d’un abattoir canadien entre 2012 et 2015 ont indiqué une prévalence élevée inattendue d’anormalités cardiaques : 75 % (297/396) des coeurs examinés avaient de telles lésions. Les ratios poids total du coeur/poids corporel et poids du ventricule droit/poids du corps étaient significativement plus élevés pour les coeurs avec lésions comparativement aux coeurs sans lésions, ce qui suggère qu’un remodelage cardiaque, particulièrement une hypertrophie, est survenue. Le pourcentage élevé de coeurs avec remodelage cardiaque provenant de porcs asymptomatiques prêts pour le marché démontre une probabilité accrue que des anormalités cardiaques souscliniques peuvent exister chez des porcs utilisés en recherche, spécialement ceux obtenus via des voies commerciales. Les chercheurs devraient être au fait de cette possibilité si des anormalités cardiaques sous-cliniques pouvaient affecter négativement leurs trouvailles expérimentales.(Traduit par Docteur Serge Messier).

The inclusion of sustainability and circular economy principles, as well as the compliance of the European requirements in municipal waste management, involves improving the waste separation, recovery and valorization. The current municipal solid waste management system of Galicia (Northwestern Spain) that includes most of the municipalities involves the treatment of biowaste (mixed in the same container with the nonorganic rest fraction) in a single management facility. This biodegradable fraction, which accounts for 42% of the total amount of household waste, is treated by incineration for energy recovery. The local government of Allariz (Galicia) undertook a project to implement a management model decentralized for biowaste separation and treatment through composting. Municipality structure (type of housing, urban and rural areas, etc.) made it necessary to implement different composting systems: home composters, community composting islands and a dynamic composter. During the first year of start-up of the management model, the level of citizen acceptance was adequate, biowaste was correctly segregated and good quality compost for soil fertilizer was obtained. So, a reduction of around 8% of the mixed waste sent to the centralized treatment facility was observed. The biowaste recovery had also resulted in a recycling improvement of all remainder fractions.

Price volatility in the natural gas markets of the United States of America and the European Union have been the subject of several studies in recent years as these markets experienced important changes. The purpose of this study is to address and discuss market factors that have influenced price behavior. For this, the annualized monthly volatility for the 'Henry Hub' (US Market) and the 'London Natural Gas Index' (European Market) were calculated based on daily natural gas spot prices, from 2003 to 2014. The results show the different price behaviors and allow the comparison of these two markets.

Inibidores do receptor do fator de crescimento epidérmico representam uma opção terapêutica com eficácia comprovada para pacientes com carcinoma colorretal metastático. Porém, pacientes com mutações ativadoras em KRAS e NRAS não apresentam resposta. Atualmente, KRAS e NRAS selvagens são pré-requisito para esta terapêutica. Entretanto, a pesquisa de mutações é de alto custo e pouco acessível. A expressão do EGFR por imuno-histoquímica predizendo a mutação expandida do RAS (KRAS e NRAS) pode permitir que o tratamento seja instituído através de um método diagnóstico menos oneroso e mais acessível. O objetivo desse estudo é testar a correlação entre a expressão do EGFR e o estado mutacional do RAS expandido em carcinomas colorretais. Foi realizada uma análise de acurácia em 139 pacientes com carcinoma colorretal selecionados dos arquivos do Instituto Goiano de Oncologia e Hematologia. Foram pesquisados a correlação entre dados clínico-patológicos, estado mutacional do RAS expandido e padrão de expressão membrano-citoplasmática do EGFR. A mutação do RAS expandido foi detectada em 78 (56,1%) casos. A expressão do EGFR foi estratificada em 23 (16,5%) casos “Positivos”, 49 (35,2%) “Negativos” e 67 (48,2%) “Duvidosos”. Não foi identificada associação significativa em comparação a idade (p=0,541 e 0,652), sexo (p=0,348 e 0,540), localização (p=0,393 e 0,098), tipo histológico (p=0,199 e 0,697), grau histológico (p=0,900 e 0,182) e estadio (p=0,533 e 0,053). A expressão do EGFR estratificada em “Positivos”, “Negativos” e “Duvidosos” em comparação ao estado mutacional do RAS expandido mostrou forte associação entre os grupos (p

Editorial do vol.4, n. 1 da Revista AREL FAAr

In-transit losses (ITLs) of market weight pigs are defined as pigs that die and (or) pigs that become nonambulatory (NA) during the process of loading and shipping from the farm to the abattoir. An...

Extensive reviews and meta-analyses are essential to summarize emerging developments in a specific field and offering information on the current trends in the scientific literature. Shale gas exploration and exploitation has been extensively debated in literature, but a comprehensive review of recent studies on the environmental impacts has yet to be carried out. Therefore, the goal of this article is to systematically examine scientific articles published between 2010 and 2015 and identify recent advances and existing data gaps. The examined articles were classified into six main categories (water resources, atmospheric emissions, land use, induced seismicity, occupational and public health and safety, and other impacts). These categories are analyzed separately to identify specific challenges, possibly existing consensus and data gaps yet remained in the literature.

CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a produção de cultivares de Cenchrus ciliaris submetidos à adubação nitrogenada. Metodologia: o delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados em arranjo fatorial 2 x 3 x 4 (duas épocas - verão e outono; três cultivares de C. ciliaris - Grass, PI 295658 e Áridus e quatro doses de nitrogênio - 0, 75, 150 e 225 kg ha-1), com três repetições. Foram realizados quatro cortes, com intervalo de 35 dias para determinação da produção matéria seca (MS). Não foi constatado efeito da interação entre os fatores dose, época e cultivar de capim buffel sobre a produção de matéria seca (P>0,05). Foi observado um maior rendimento forrageiro do cultivar PI 295658 sobre os demais. A época do outono proporcionou uma redução de produção de 33,55% (1982, 72 kg ha-1 de matéria seca) em relação ao verão. A dose de 225 kg ha-1 de Nitrogênio (N) proporciona a maior produção de matéria seca do capim buffel. O cultivar PI 295658 apresenta maior produção de matéria seca em relação ao demais cultivares. This study aims to evaluate the production of Cenchrus ciliaris cultivars submitted to nitrogen fertilization. The experimental design used randomized blocks in a factorial design of 2 x 3 x 4 (two seasons: summer and autumn; three cultivars: C. ciliaris - Grass, PI 295658 and Áridus, and four doses of nitrogen: 0.75, 150 and 225 kg ha-1), with three repetitions. Four cuts were made, with a 35-day interval to determine the production of dry products. The interaction between factors of dose, season and Buffel grass cultivars presented no effects on the production of dry products (P>0.05). Cultivar PI 295658 presented a greater yield over the others. The autumn season caused a reduction of 33,55% (1982, 72 kg ha-1) in the production of dry products when compared to the summer season. The Nitrogen (N) dose of 225 kg ha-1 allows a larger production of buffel grass dry products and PI 295658 cultivar presents a larger production of dry products in relation to the others

CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais Outra Agência Objetivo: objetivou-se, com este estudo, avaliar a composição químico-bromatológica e a digestibilidade in vitro de diferentes partes da macaúba para alimentação de ruminantes. Métodos: o delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente ao acaso, sendo as diferentes partes (epicarpo, mesocarpo e endocarpo) do coco da macaúba os tratamentos com cinco repetições. Resultados: a torta do endorcarpo foi superior 3,91% quanto ao teor de matéria seca (MS) do epicarpo e não diferiu (P>0,05) da torta do mesocarpo que apresentou teor de MS intermediário (88,50%) em relação aos demais tratamentos. Para o teor de proteína bruta, a torta do endocarpo apresentou uma variação nos valores de 48,30 e 66,43%, superior à torta do mesocarpo e epicarpo, respectivamente. A torta de epicarpo apresentou menor valor de proteína bruta (4,35%) em relação aos demais tratamentos. A torta do endocarpo apresentou maior digestibilidade da matéria seca, sendo 5,63% maior que a torta do mesocarpo. Conclusão: em relação à composição química e a digestibilidade, destaca-se o mesocarpo e endocarpo como potenciais substitutos de ingredientes na formulação de dietas para animais ruminantes. Objective: the aimed, of this study, was to evaluate the chemical composition and in vitro digestibility of different parts of macaúba for ruminants. Methods: the experimental design was completely randomized, with different parts (epicarp, mesocarp and endocarp) Coconut macaúba treatments with five replicates. Results: the pie endorcarpo was 3.91% higher than the content of dry matter (DM) of the epicarp and did not differ (P>0.05) Pie mesocarp showed that DM content intermediate (88.50%) compared to other treatments. For crude protein, pie endocarp showed values of 48.30 and 66.43% higher than the pie epicarp and mesocarp, respectively. The pie epicarp showed the lowest crude protein (4.35%) compared to the other treatments. The pie endocarp showed higher digestibility of dry matter, being 5.63% higher than the pie mesocarp. Conclusions: in relation to chemical composition and digestibility, there is the mesocarp and endocarp as potential substitutes ingredients in the formulation of diets for ruminants.

CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior Outra Agência Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito e o melhor nível de inclusão de glicerina bruta na ensilagem de cana-de-açúcar sobre os parâmetros da composição química e perdas fermentativas. Os tratamentos consistiram de cinco níveis de inclusão de glicerina bruta (0, 1, 5, 10 e 15% de inclusão na matéria natural) durante a ensilagem de cana-de-açúcar. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado sendo cinco tratamentos com seis repetições. As silagens foram confeccionadas em tubos de PVC. A utilização de glicerina bruta aumentou em média 16,3; 54,1; 24,0 e 17,8% os teores de matéria seca, extrato etéreo, carboidratos não fibrosos e nutrientes digestíveis totais da silagem de cana em relação à silagem de cana sem aditivo (nível 0%; P≤0,05). Incrementos de 0,56% e 0,18% nos teores de matéria seca e extrato etéreo foram verificados nas silagens de cana para cada 1% de inclusão de glicerina, respectivamente. Entre os níveis de inclusão, a adição de cada unidade percentual de glicerina na matéria natural reduziu 2,3% e 2,1% às perdas por efluentes e perdas por gases, respectivamente. A adição de glicerina bruta na ensilagem de cana-de-açúcar no nível de 15% na matéria natural melhora a composição bromatológica e reduz perdas fermentativas. The objective was to evaluate the effect and the best level of crude glycerin inclusion in sugarcane ensilage on the parameters of the chemical composition and fermentative losses. The treatments consisted of À ve levels of inclusion of crude glycerin (0, 1, 5, 10 and 15% inclusion in natural matter) during sugarcane silage. A completely randomized design was used, with À ve treatments with six replicates. The silages were manufactured in PVC pipes. The utilization of crude glycerin increased on average 16.3; 54.1; 24.0 and 17.8% of the dry matter, ether extract, non-À brous carbohydrates and total digestible nutrients of sugarcane silage, respectively, in relation to silage control sugarcane (P≤0.05). Increments of 0.56% and 0.18% in the dry matter and ether extract were found in sugarcane silages for each 1% inclusion of glycerin, respectively. Among the inclusion levels, the addition of each percentage unit of glycerin in the natural material reduced by 2.3% and 2.1% to the efÁ uent losses and gases losses, respectively. The addition of 15% of crude glycerin in sugarcane ensilage improves the chemical composition and reduces fermentation losses.Key words: additive, chemical composition, ensilage, grasses, glycerol.

Sickle cell anemia (SCA) causes dysfunction of multiple organs, with pulmonary involvement as a major cause of mortality. Recently, there has been growing interest in the nitrogen single-breath washout (N2SBW) test, which is able to detect ventilation heterogeneity and small airway disease when the results of other pulmonary function tests (PFTs) are still normal. Thus, the objectives of the present study were to assess the heterogeneity in the ventilation distribution in adults with SCA and to determine the association between the ventilation distribution and the clinical, cardiovascular, and radiological findings. This cross-sectional study included 38 adults with SCA who underwent PFTs, echocardiography, computed tomography (CT), and 6-min walk test. To evaluate the ventilation heterogeneity, the patients were categorized according to the phase III slope of the N2SBW (SIIIN2). Compared with adults with lower SIIIN2 values, adults with higher SIIIN2 values showed lower hemoglobin levels (P=0.048), a history of acute chest syndrome (P=0.001), an elevated tricuspid regurgitation velocity (P=0.039), predominance of a reticular pattern in the CT (P=0.002), a shorter 6-min walking distance (6MWD) (P=0.002), and lower peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) after exercise (P=0.03). SIIIN2 values correlated significantly with hemoglobin (rs=-0.344; P=0.034), forced vital capacity (rs=-0.671; P

Objetivou-se por meio deste trabalho avaliar os efeitos da aplicação de doses crescentes de nitrogênio associada a duas alturas de resíduos sobre as características estruturais, produtivas e a eficiência de uso de nitrogênio Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu. O delineamento experimental foi o em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 5 x 2, sendo quatro doses de nitrogênio na forma de ureia (100, 200, 300 e 400 kg de N ha-1 ano-1) e a testemunha (sem nitrogênio), duas alturas de resíduo (5 e 15 cm) e 5 blocos. Foram avaliados o número de folhas vivas por perfilho, produção de matéria seca, densidade populacional de perfilhos, duração de vida folha, acúmulo de matéria seca e eficiência de uso de nitrogênio. Houve diferença significativa entre as alturas de resíduo quanto o número de folhas por perfilho, sendo verificado valores médios de 5,71 e 4,49 folhas vivas por perfilho, nas alturas de 5 e 15 cm, respectivamente. Houve incremento na produção de matéria de 43,61 e 34 kg para cada quilo de nitrogênio aplicado, nas alturas de resíduos de 5 e 15 cm de resíduo, respectivamente. Houve redução na eficiência de utilização do nitrogênio quando o capim-marandu foi manejado na altura de resíduo de 5 cm. Para a altura de resíduo de 15 cm, a redução foi observada em dose superior de 310 kg de N ha-1. O capim-Marandu possui potencial para produção de matéria seca na região Norte de Minas Gerais quando submetido à adubação nitrogenada.

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o ganho em peso e as características de carcaça e carne de ovelhas de descarte mantidas em pasto de Panicum maximum, cultivar Massai, consumindo diferentes teores de concentrado. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado e as fêmeas foram distribuídas em quatro tratamentos, zero; 0,7; 1,4 e 2,1% do seu peso vivo em suplementação concentrada. Ao final de oitenta dias de experimento no campo, as fêmeas foram abatidas. Mediu-se o ganho em peso dos animais e as características das carcaças e das carnes. Os dados foram interpretados após análises de variância e regressão (P

Economic affordability and access to water and waste services (WWS) are extensively studied topics in economic literature. However, most papers focus on social rights or the importance of water provision for equity and development. The impact of different regulatory and/or management models, the measurement of affordability and efficient pricing have all deserved the attention of researchers, but few studies assess the actual revenue impact of the existing social support mechanisms. For Portugal, while some preliminary data collection has taken place, a comprehensive review is still lacking. With this paper, the Water and Waste Services Regulation Authority (ERSAR) takes a first step towards filling that gap, by calculating the amount of subsidisation inherent in the adoption of social tariffs in mainland Portugal municipalities. Starting with an account of the current status quo, the article analyses different subsidisation situations, including a hypothetical framework where social tariffs are administered according to ERSAR's guidelines. Results indicate that, if ERSAR's Recommendation were fully applied, the number of social tariff beneficiaries could be above current figures, possibly translating into a disproportionate burden on the remaining WWS users through the application of higher bills. In the context of the severe economic crisis that is forcing families into increasing budgetary constraints, the article stresses issues of feasibility, drawing on the policy implications of the adoption of such discounts.