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We argue that: (1) disappointment in the effectiveness of i-frame interventions depends on realistic expectations about how they could work; (2) opportunities for system reform are rare, and i-frame interventions can lay important groundwork; (3) Chater & Loewenstein's evidence that i-frame interventions detract from s-frame approaches is limited; and (4) nonetheless, behavioural scientists should consider what more they can contribute to systemic reforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, online "involuntary celibate" or "incel" communities have been linked to various deadly attacks targeting women. Why do these men react to romantic rejection with not just disappointment, but murderous rage? Feminists have claimed this is because incels desire women as objects or, alternatively, because they feel entitled to women's attention. I argue that both of these explanatory models are insufficient. They fail to account for incels' distinctive ambivalence toward women—for their oscillation between obsessive desire and violent hatred. I propose instead that what incels want is a Beauvoirian "Other." For Beauvoir, when men conceive of women as Others, they represent them as simultaneously human subjects and embodiments of the natural world. Women function then as sui generis entities through which men can experience themselves as praiseworthy heroes, regardless of the quality of their actions. I go on to give an illustrative analysis of Elliot Rodger's autobiographical manifesto, "My Twisted World." I show how this Beauvoirian model sheds light on Rodger's racist and classist attitudes and gives us a better understanding of his ambivalence toward women. It therefore constitutes a powerful and overlooked theoretical alternative to accounts centered on objectification and entitlement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most research investigating inequality as a moderator of the effect of income on wellbeing focuses on inequality within geographic contexts. This study asks whether the association of income with subjective wellbeing varies with level of inequality within groups defined by the intersection of dichotomized race (white versus non-white) and gender. Two dimensions of subjective wellbeing are investigated—life (dis)satisfaction, and disappointment in one's life achievements. Results of partial proportional odds and logistic regression analyses of data from the study of Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS) indicate that the association of individual earnings with life (dis)satisfaction varies by level of inequality within intersectional groups. No evidence for moderation is observed in the analysis of disappointment. Within-group inequality varies much more by gender than race, and the results can be interpreted as indicating a gender difference in the effect of income on life satisfaction. The results are also consistent with the income rank hypothesis, which proposes that income effects will be larger among those in lower inequality groups than those in higher inequality groups. Although the statistical power to evaluate race differences is limited by the size and composition of the MIDUS sample, additional analyses suggest that the income-rank pattern might extend to race differences in (dis)satisfaction. The results can be broadly interpreted as suggesting that intersectional inequality does not influence the aspirations that provide the comparative standard for disappointment, but it does shape the way that the contemporaneous earnings differences relevant to life (dis)satisfaction are framed in social comparisons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Negative results can be a source of disappointment for scientists, yet their publication is needed for scientific progress, in particular for cutting-edge translational research of novel therapeutics. This manuscript is directed to scientists, junior and senior, that produce and review data for publication. It discusses the difference between 'negative' or 'unexpected' data and 'useless' data, re-evaluates the importance of the experimental design to generate valuable data and proposes strategies to work with and report negative results. Overall, it aims to reframe the perception of working with, reporting and reviewing unexpected data as an opportunity to provide rationale for innovative ideas, prevent the misuse of limited resources and, ultimately, strengthen the reputation of a scientist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conceptual metaphor is one of the theories of modern linguists that differ from its classical concept radically. New linguists believe that the aesthetics metaphor is not limited to the fields of rhetoric and literature, rather extends to include the semantic field as well. In the same context, Lykov and Johnson, who are among the forefront theorists of the conceptual metaphor, proposed a new theory represented in the fact that the conceptual metaphor performs a conceptual function in addition to its aesthetic and literary function, which distinguishes it from its old classical concept. Through a descriptive analytical method, this research aims to study the conceptual metaphor in its various forms in Bland Al-Haidari's Divan, based on the motif of life. We searched for conceptual metaphors in their three parts: existential, material, and structural first; and then the analysis of metaphors semantically in line with the objectives of the research. The importance of the topic lies in the fact that the poet expressed his vision tinged with disappointment and frustration, a vision that may turn into a sense of pessimism and absurdity. One of the most important results of this study is that the poet looks at life pessimistically, but his view is not devoid of feelings of optimism and positivity sometimes. In addition, it has been proven through this research that the existential metaphor of its three types, which is adverb, diagnosis, and materiality, is superior to other metaphors in Haidari's poetry in terms of quantity. The reason for this may be due to the poet's keenness to transform his thoughts and visions from an abstract and mental state into tangible material images that the recipient addressee can easily and clearly find familiar with. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Prace Filologiczne. Literaturoznawstwo is the property of University of Warsaw and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Prace Filologiczne. Literaturoznawstwo is the property of University of Warsaw and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Espacio, Tiempo y Forma. Serie IV, Historia Moderna is the property of Editorial UNED and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Numerous examples of ghazal poems include metaphorical images describing the altered body of the lover. The yearning for love, passion, disappointment, languish: each stage of the love affair can change the lover appearance. Even more, the alteration can affect also his perception of the beloved body: due to the intensity of the love experience, his sensory perception could end to intertwine, by blending or intermingling his different sense modalities. The verbal transposition of such a visionary state often requires the poet to employ widely rhetorical devices, and particularly synesthesia, in order to enhance the multiple perception of his audience. This paper will focus on the use of this figure in the love poems from the Siculo-Arabic poetic repertoire (10th-12th centuries). In fact, these authors frequently combine the figurative use of words with synesthetic effects, thus involving the reader in a vivid experience: a multilayered text articulating a multisensory perception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the repatriation wave of Armenians from the Diaspora to Soviet Armenia in the years 1946-1948. It was the largest targeted and systematic immigration back to the Republic of Armenia, perceived primarily as a motherland and Promised Land; the migration wave and its impact could be considered in the frame of Hebrew aliyahs, or "ascension upward" (toward the Holy City). Returning from exile is called nergaghth in Armenian. The collective memory of Soviet Armenia has usually depicted this immigration as a success, a rescue of a nation threatened by genocide and an afflux of "new blood"; however, the repatriation was perceived as disappointment and historical injustice by repatriates and considered one of the reasons for tensions between the Diaspora and its motherland. After 1956, the majority of repatriates returned to their original host countries; those who remained in Armenia are (even after several generations) called by the pejorative term akhpar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Literatura y Lingüística is the property of Universidad Catolica Cardenal Raul Silva Henriquez and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ricerche di Pedagogia e Didattica is the property of Universita di Bologna, Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Educazione and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Nearly everyone agrees that physical pain is bad. Indeed, if anything merits the status of a platitude in our everyday thinking about value, the idea that pain is bad surely does. Equally, it seems clearly true that emotional suffering – despair, loneliness, grief, disappointment, guilt, shame, lovesickness, and the like – are all bad as well. We are strongly inclined to pity and feel sorry for those who suffer emotionally in these ways; we are motivated, at least some of the time, to do what we can to alleviate their suffering. Given this, it might seem curious that pain and suffering are so integral to sport – whether one is a participant or a spectator. There's nothing particularly puzzling about pain and suffering that is inadvertently related to sport – as when an athlete injures her hamstring and has to miss her chance at Olympic glory, or when supporters face the misery of getting up at 6am because an away game has been scheduled to start at noon. But there does seem to be something curious about the extent to which pain and suffering are voluntarily embraced by participants and spectators, as the quotation from Nick Hornby aptly illustrates. Why do people willingly engage in something that brings about so much suffering? In this paper, I'll attempt to answer this question.1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Subjective Lives and Economic Transformations in Mongolia: Life in the Gap" by Rebecca M. Empson is a book that explores the experiences of five women in Mongolia as they navigate the country's transition to global capitalism. The book highlights the concept of a "gap" between expectations and reality, hope and disappointment, and promises and failures that these individuals face. Each chapter focuses on one woman's story, followed by a discussion of broader themes in Mongolian society. While the book provides valuable insights into Mongolia's economic transformation, some critics argue that the author does not engage in a genuine dialogue with her research subjects, potentially perpetuating depoliticization and non-progressive forces. Overall, the book offers a nuanced perspective on the complexities of Mongolia's capitalist development. [Extracted from the article]

In order to solve the problem of separation between consumer purchase and product experience in online sales, live streaming e-commerce came into being. However, the interaction of streamers is easy to cause consumers' impulse consumption, which leads to the soaring return rate. In this context, how to make reasonable return policies to avoid the loss is an important issue for brands. This paper studies return policy selection for brands. We mainly focus on MCN (multi-channel network) click farming and customer disappointment aversion in the situations that the return-freight insurances are paid by brands or consumers or brands and MCN jointly. Three leader-follower models with brands as leaders and platforms and MCN as followers are established. To solve the above bilevel models, we discuss the conditions under which the upper and lower models are both convex and, based on these theoretical results, we give the optimal strategies for all members. Then, through numerical experiments, we analyze the impacts of customer disappointment aversion level, MCN's ability, commission rate, brand's return-freight insurance purchasing ratio, and other factors on each member's optimal decision. The results show that the return policy in the situation of return-freight insurance paid by brand is suitable for a market with the high level of customer disappointment aversion; the return policy in the situation of return-freight insurance paid by consumers is applicable to the case of low customer disappointment aversion and high commission rate; the return policy in the situation of return-freight insurance paid by brand and MCN jointly is suitable for the case of low MCN capability and can effectively restrain the click farming from MCN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The richness of Jacobite poetic culture is well known, but the substantial body of Jacobite verse written in Latin — which remained an important European language into the eighteenth century — has received patchy attention. During the first phase of Jacobitism (1688–1702), Jacobites wrote Latin poems in England, France, Scotland, and Ireland to express their disappointments and hopes. Poems were composed in modes of satire and panegyric/lament and, in many genres, from epigram to epic. They circulated domestically and internationally and through consumption were a feature of political culture for both Jacobites, who embraced them, and Williamites, who defined themselves against them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the impact of tourists' perceived COVID-19-induced discrimination on negative emotional responses and identity management strategies. Data were collected from 431 Fijians who had recently travelled internationally. Covariance-based structural equation modelling analysis revealed that perceived COVID-19-induced discrimination significantly explained two negative emotional responses—anger and disappointment. Anger positively affected identity management strategies, revealing and avoidance, while disappointment positively affected passing and avoidance. The model explained the following variances: revealing (51%); passing (48%); and avoidance (42%). This study contributes to understanding post-pandemic travel behaviour related to COVID-19-induced discrimination against tourists and better management in response to the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existential philosophy addressed questions that either had been overlooked by traditional philosophy for a long period of time (e g the individual's experience of anxiety in the face of death, the failure of rational thinking and science to inquire essential aspects of human life) or had resurfaced again following the disappointment caused by the destructions and absurdity of the two world wars in the first half of the twentieth century (e g questions pertaining to the meaningfulness/meaninglessness of the human endeavour and of human life in general) Russian realist novelists Fyodor Dostoyevsky and Leo Tolstoy are often invoked among the earliest existentialist thinkers, along with philosophers Søren Kierkegaard and Friedrich Nietzsche Drawing on the works of philosophers Kierkegaard and Nietzsche and cultural anthropologist Ernest Becker, this paper will examine how the existentialist preoccupation with death anxiety, ethics, and authenticity is represented in two short stories by Anton Chekhov, one of Dostoyevsky's and Tolstoy's younger contemporary writers [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article adds to the existing literature on financial risk aversion and risk taking by testing the possibility that a person's degree of disappointment aversion, as an anticipatory emotion, may be an antecedent of risk-taking behavior. In this regard, the purpose of this article is to introduce two interrelated measures—the expectation-proclivity scale and the disappointment-aversion scale—and to establish the empirical association between expectation-proclivity and disappointment-aversion scale scores and financial risk aversion and financial risk taking. Results from this study show that disappointment aversion is positively associated with financial risk aversion, whereas establishing high outcome expectations is negatively related with financial risk aversion. Additionally, findings show that disappointment aversion and expectation proclivity are inversely related. Findings from this study provide support for what is termed in this article the disappointment dilemma hypothesis. Specifically, financial decision-makers who are averse to disappointment may be prone to allocating assets and investment dollars in ways that minimize or avoid disappointment in the short-run, but by doing so, may regret risk-avoiding behavior in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deference to Chinese aspirations in Eurasia is integral to Moscow's pursuit of closer relations with Beijing. Yet China's pursuit of regional, and ultimately global, influence is at odds with Russia's longstanding ambition to maintain post-Soviet Eurasia as a strategic glacis and sphere of 'privileged interests'. Russia has consequently sought to shape and channel Chinese engagement in line with its own interests, with mixed results. Disappointments with the effects of Chinese economic and political influence on Russian equities, limits on Sino–Russian coordination, and the interest of Eurasia's smaller states contributed to a growing wariness on Russia's part. The 2022 invasion of Ukraine and attendant confrontation with the West have left Russia more dependent on China, even as China itself has become more realistic about the prospects for Eurasian integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This contribution focuses on Andreas Reckwitz's considerations on phenomena of 'exhausted self-realization' and 'disappointment' in The Society of Singularities, as well as in his follow-up volume, The End of Illusions. Under discussion is the range of analytical distinctions that tend to come into play in this area between what one might call a generally primordial concept of self-realization and more derivative articulations of the concept that exhibit various aspects of instrumentalization—variously termed 'self-maximization' or 'self-optimization'. The paper argues that while Reckwitz's work offers great resources for an understanding of how and why 'self-realization' so frequently appears to take on an instrumentalizing character in late-modern social behaviour, the extent to which his work attributes this tendency to a wholly immanent cultural-cognitive logic of lifestyle singularization is open to criticism. The reasons must also be sought from within the more directly economic contexts of diminished material security and solidarity typical of contemporary societies shaped by neoliberal economic governance orders at the level of policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite its importance, our understanding of what entrepreneurial disappointment is, its attributions, and how it relates to depression is limited. Drawing on a corpus of 27,906 semi-anonymous online posts, we identified entrepreneurial disappointment, inductively uncovered its attributions and examined how depression differs between attributions. We found that posts with internal, stable, and global disappointment attributions (e.g., not fitting entrepreneurial norms) are, on average, higher in depression symptoms than posts with external, unstable, and specific disappointment attributions (e.g., firm performance). Our findings offer novel theoretical and methodological avenues for future research on entrepreneurs' affective experiences and mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the Yugoslav Sokol movement during the interwar period in Dalmatia, highlighting its attempt to promote integral Yugoslavism, the challenges it faced in being perceived as a Serbian organization, and its struggle to unify Croats under the Yugoslav consensus. Topics include the rise and fall of the Sokol movement's influence as a promoter of Yugoslav nationalism, its attempts to create a national Yugoslav consensus, and the challenges it encountered in being viewed as a Serbian organization, leading to disillusionment among Croats.

The paper begins by considering the difficulties which are confronting the process of European integrations. The reluctance of the European Union to pursue its politics of enlargement, which has lately become visible in several vetoes blocking the start of accession negotiations, has provoked disappointment in the countries which are candidates for membership or on their way to becoming it. Among them are a few states of our region, which seem to be doomed to remain at the periphery of Europe. At the same time, the European Union is faced with the old problem of its own, the so-called democratic deficit. This paper seeks for a perspective in which these difficulties on both sides could be dealt with. It discusses three paradigmatic ways of representing Europe, which serve as a basis for different strategies of legitimizing the European Union. The first of them is idealist, since it elevates Europe to the rank of a philosophical concept which transcends the empirical definition of Europe as just one continent among others. This view reflects the representation of Europe as a unique, privileged part of the world and assumes that the rest of humanity should accept and pursue Europe's fundamental values. The second, more realistic conception envisages the European Union as an empire which is legitimized in terms of de facto arguments, such as the estimates of the costs of renouncing the Union, which would allegedly surpass those of its survival and continuation of the integration process, or by the need of preserving peace. A critical examination of these ways of legitimizing Europe reveals their factual unfoundedness and ideological character. The heritage of colonialism looms behind the idealist view of European supremacy, while the concept of the European Union as a sort of benevolent empire has paternalistic implications. The last part of the text, dealing with the problem of the European civil war (theorized by Carl Schmitt and Ernst Nolte), suggests that these shortcomings could be addressed in a conception of European politics which would not aim at pacifying or neutralizing conflicts but, on the contrary, at exposing the very conflictual component of politics. The example of ancient Greek democracy shows that preventing the civil war does not consist in eliminating all conflicts from politics but rather in their transposition to a superior level or their sublimation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, disappointment has emerged as a prominent topic of anthropological inquiry and theorization. We explore this disciplinary interest in order to probe the conditions that have made it possible, the lines of inquiry it opens up, and the self-reflexive critiques it underscores. Running throughout the anthropological literature on disappointment is a pressing concern with the messy, unpredictable, and friction-laden dimensions of social life, dimensions that eschew easy categorization in terms of the heroic/abject, agentive/passive, macro/micro, righteous/wrong-headed, or progressive/reactionary. After exploring the conditions that underlie disappointment, we discuss comparison, poetics, and slog as three domains of its anthropological analysis, highlighting key methodological innovations, ethnographic genres, and research questions within each area. We close with reflections on disappointment within the discipline, focusing on the experience of field research, the moral optimism of the discipline, and the institutional conditions that shape knowledge production and professional life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Strategic Universe Journal / Univers Strategic is the property of Dimitrie Cantemir Christian University, Institute for Security Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We investigate a retailer’s optimal policy of ordering and sales effort investment for temperature-sensitive products in a stylised newsvendor setting considering the effects of the retailer’s disappointment aversion and elation seeking. We provide a function to describe the demand for temperature-sensitive products and a psychological utility function to capture the retailer’s perceived utility of disappointment aversion and elation seeking. Next, we construct four joint ordering and sales effort decision models by integrating the profit and psychological utility for high temperature-sensitive products, medium temperature-sensitive products, low temperature-sensitive products and high-low temperature-sensitive products, respectively. By solving the constructed models, we determine the optimal policy of order quantity and sales effort level. We find that the average temperature in the selling season, the temperature sensitivity parameter, disappointment aversion degree and elation seeking degree can affect the retailer’s optimal policy, and the trends and extents of the effects for each temperature-sensitive product may be different from those for the other temperature-sensitive products. Our models also suggest that the optimal policy for temperature-sensitive products is more conservative than the one for general non-temperature-sensitive products. The policy of a retailer who is primarily concerned with disappointment aversion is more conservative than the one of a disappointment-neutral retailer. The policy of a retailer who mainly focuses on elation seeking is more radical than the one of an elation-neutral retailer. Our results show that a retailer must consider the effects of temperature and psychological behaviour on policy and should make decisions regarding order quantity and sales effort level according to the temperature sensitivity type of selling products and degrees of disappointment aversion and elation seeking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Thi Qar Arts Journal is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Student demotivation with English as a medium of instruction has attracted increased attention of scholars, particularly in those countries where it is taught as a second or foreign language. While there is a consensus that proficiency in English brings several benefits, it is found that students are demotivated to learn in English. As a result, many studies have tried to investigate the factors that reduce the motivation to learn in English. Drawing on disappointment theory, this study aims to investigate why and how the discouraging attitude of a teacher and discouraging teaching approaches create negative emotions (i.e., disappointment with English as a medium of instruction), which in turn demotivates Chinese students with English as a medium of instruction. This study has adopted a cross-sectional research design. The data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire survey from Chinese students (n = 428) studying in different universities in China. The hypothesized relationships were tested through PLS-based SEM by using Warp-PLS 7.0 software. The findings show that teachers' discouraging attitudes and discouraging teaching approaches are important determinants of student demotivation with English as a medium of instruction. The results also confirm that student disappointment is an important underlying mechanism in the relationship between exogenous and endogenous variables. This study contributes to the literature on student demotivation with English as a medium of instruction by superficially identifying teacher-related factors in China, which were previously overlooked. The implications of this study are that the university administration should monitor the attitude of the teachers toward English, as well as their teaching approaches, in order to curb any potential threat to student motivation. The administration should train the teachers on how to show a positive attitude and follow encouraging teaching approaches. In this way, students' disappointment with the English language and teaching methodology can also be overcome, which will ultimately increase their motivation with English as a medium of instruction in universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Philippine actual growth performance has improved during the last two decades. • Potential growth has increased since the mid-1990s. It reached 6.1% in 2017-2019. • Potential labor productivity growth accounts for most of potential growth rate. • Within sector productivity growth is more important than the reallocation effect. • We discuss BMA estimation results of potential productivity growth. Philippine actual growth performance has improved during the last two decades. We obtain potential growth rate estimates for 1959-2019 using Kalman filter estimation of Okun's law. We find that potential growth has been increasing since the mid-1990s. It reached 6.1% in 2017-2019, the highest during the last six decades. As the trend labor force growth displays a downward trend, potential labor productivity growth has accounted for most of the country's potential growth rate recently. A decomposition of labor productivity growth shows that within-sector productivity growth accounted for 79% of overall labor productivity growth during 2009-2019. Most of the within-sector effect is due to manufacturing productivity growth. Analysis of the robust determinants of potential labor productivity growth using Bayesian Model Averaging indicates the relevance of proxy variables of both within-sector and reallocation effects, as well as of policy uncertainty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research delves into the way in which Hans Morgenthau had studied and discussed the United Nations as an organisation, mainly during its first twenty years. Drawing on the influence of Carl Schmitt and Hans Kelsen and on his own personal disappointment with the League of Nations, Morgenthau strongly criticized the UN. The author considers that the organisation propounds lofty principles but harbours old-style diplomacy. After establishing a succinct comparison with Raymond Aron, the article highlights the reasons for Morgenthau's criticism, including some abiding features of realism, such as the focus on great powers, a limited attribution of agency to other actors and an emphasis on security to the detriment of cooperative activities. It underlines how Morgenthau rejected the UN as a basis to build a world state. It concludes by arguing that Morgenthau's realism highlights the frailties of the UN but does not explain why states still insist in the multilateral institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anger, indignation, guilt, rumination, victim compensation, and perpetrator punishment are considered primary responses associated with justice sensitivity (JS). However, injustice and high JS may predispose to further responses. We had N = 293 adults rate their JS, 17 potential responses toward 12 unjust scenarios from the victim’s, observer’s, beneficiary’s, and perpetrator’s perspectives, and several control variables. Unjust situations generally elicited many affective, cognitive, and behavioral responses. JS generally predisposed to strong affective responses toward injustice, including sadness, pity, disappointment, and helplessness. It impaired trivialization, victim-blaming, or justification, which may otherwise help cope with injustice. It predisposed to conflict solutions and victim compensation. Particularly victim and beneficiary JS had stronger effects in unjust situations from the corresponding perspective. These findings add to a better understanding of the main and interaction effects of unjust situations from different perspectives and the JS facets, differences between the JS facets, as well as the links between JS and behavior and well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "Renaissance of Populism in Africa - Development boost or neoliberal regime change?" examines the question of whether there is a revival of populism in West Africa. The term "populist" is often used in Africa to describe various phenomena. However, it is difficult to define populism in Africa, as authoritarian leaders prevail and many parties do not have a political ideology. According to Danielle Resnick, populist strategies in Africa consist of four key elements: direct connections to the urban poor, anti-elitism, an economically eclectic message, and the mobilization of rural voters. It is also noted that populism in Africa occurs in two waves, triggered by disappointment with democratic experiments and the emergence of a corrupt elite. The article also raises the question of whether there has been a third wave of populism since 2010. An example of this is Senegal, where the leader of the anti-globalization party PASTEF, Ousmane Sonko, challenges the ruling coalition. China is criticized as an intruder in Africa, and anti-Chinese populism is on the rise. In Zambia, Hakainde Hichilema was elected president, with his anti-China populism helping him. It is discussed whether he will be successful in a society permeated by socialist values. A study shows that many young Africans do not consider Western democracy suitable and want to find their own democratic structures. [Extracted from the article]

Rapid economic stimulus in response to COVID-19, typically based on 'shovel-ready' infrastructure, has opened up new political spaces of hope to 'Build Back Better' and transform economies. This research seeks to link the public 'taking place' of hope, representing the aspirations of various groups for investment or change stimulated by this fund, with the less visible ways governments 'organise' hope, the expert, technical processes and rationalities that help determine which hopes become realised and why. Using the Aotearoa New Zealand 'shovel-ready' fund as a case study, and drawing upon press releases, media, Official Information requests, and Cabinet documents, we first provide a discourse analysis of the various government and non-government hopes that became attached to this stimulus. We then trace how these became translated into project proposals, before unpacking and analysing the urgent processes developed to assist political decision makers. While crises and hope can be positioned as having significant disruptive potential, we reveal how this was stifled by the technical processes and practices of the processual world enacted at the national scale, which was given significant power. Further, although public discourses reflected a plurality of multi-scalar and temporal hopes for investment, in practice the less visible organisation privileged a much more business-as-usual approach. Consequently, any government aspirations for transformation were rendered less likely due to the processes they themselves established. Overall, we emphasise the need for those committed to reform to bring technical processes and rational practices to greater prominence in order to reveal and challenge their power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Distributed computing has been the field of enthusiasm by the exploration network and application improvement industry for scarcely any decades at this point. The simplicity of advancement, arrangement, and the executives of utilizations from a broad scope of figuring worldview and capacity to deal with the applications over organization empowered frameworks are the most significant selling purposes of distributed computing. These advantages are appeared utilizing the system called virtualization on distributed computing and in cloud-based server farms. The virtualization innovation not just empowers the total virtual perspective on the physical asset pools, instead additionally empowers hardly any key advantages, for example, movability, recuperation after disappointment, and most conspicuously produces the essential procedure for load adjusting. The conceivable outcomes of burden qualities synopsis for better usage of the heap expectation analogies utilizing the administration demand-type classifications were studied. Furthermore, for the heap synopsis measure, the equality of the related boundaries answerable for load estimations are diminished to compressed parametric portrayals utilizing the connection-based decrease technique, which altogether supports the standard of burden attributes rundown measure. This paper explains proposed load balancing algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Future-oriented emotions could influence our decisions in everyday life and help understand why some individuals are physically active whilst others are not. Current literature distinguishes between two future-oriented emotion constructs: anticipatory and anticipated emotions. While anticipatory emotions are currently experienced emotions about a future event, anticipated emotions refer to the emotions that a person is expected to experience when confronted with a future event. The main aims of the present study were (1) to identify and describe (a) categories of anticipatory emotions experienced before exercise, and (b) categories of anticipated emotions expected to be experienced during and after exercise, and (2) to develop a theoretical model of anticipated emotion categories. Sixteen participants (Mage = 26.03, SD = 6.66) were recruited for semi-structured interviews, and their statements were analyzed using principles of the Grounded Theory. In total, 13 different anticipatory and anticipated emotion categories were identified, such as enjoyment, anxiety, pride, self-anger, and relief. Anticipatory emotions seem to reflect the current affective valence of exercising and may be influenced by daily factors. With regards to anticipated emotions, the results show that regular exercisers anticipated also negative emotions such as anxiety, disappointment, and self-anger, and non-regular exercisers also anticipated positive emotions such as enjoyment, pride, and satisfaction. Therefore, future research should not only focus on the valence of future-oriented emotions, but should investigate the possible impact of specific anticipated emotions on exercise behavior. In addition, a theoretical model of anticipated emotion categories in exercise behavior derived from the interviews. The model outlines different categories of anticipated emotions based on appraisal processes. In conclusion, we assume that this developmental process of anticipated emotions may be embedded in a broader, cyclical process within the context of exercising. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When blame is understood to be emotion-based or affective, its emotional tone is standardly identified as one of anger. We argue that this conception of affective blame is overly restrictive. By attending to cases of blame that emerge against a background of a particular kind of hope invested in others, we identify a blaming response characterized not by anger but by sadness: reactive disappointment. We develop an account of reactive disappointment as affective blame, maintaining that while angry blame and disappointed blame are both condemnatory responses, they have distinct evaluative foci and occupy different but complementary roles in our accountability practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teens nowadays are denying stereotypes, they are less transgressive and even less interested in sex. They don't get angered by the prospect of a grim future, or by a pandemic that forces them to give up on the opportunity of making core memories. The pandemic cannot be merely reduced to an effort to reinstate a previous lifestyle. Instead it should be moulded into an opportunity to grow self-awareness and necessary skills in order to achieve the ultimate goal of self-realization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]