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In order to verify the effect of molecular sieve ethylene adsorbent and 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on the shelf life of cherry tomato, two kinds of active packaging were comparatively investigated: molecular sieve sachet and 1-MCP pad with 25% Styrene-Ethylene-Butylene-Styrene (SBS) modified LDPE packaging film. LDPE was used as control. The quality properties of samples were measured over 54 days at 25±1°C and 70±2% relative humidity. The ethylene concentration in the package atmosphere and other experimental parameters were measured periodically. The experimental results show that molecular sieve is more effective in decreasing ethylene concentration in the package than 1-MCP treatment. The best result was obtained by using SBS modified LDPE film with molecular sieve sachet which could extended the shelf life of cherry tomatoes.

1-MCP is an ethylene inhibitor which can effective reduce the grape respiration. SO2 controllable-release packaging film is a self-made three-layer composite film which can release SO2 fungicide intelligently. In this work, we investigated the combined effects of 1-MCP and controllable-release SO2 packaging on grapes preservation under 5°C over 75 days. Grapes (C.V. Muscat Hamburg) were packed in three groups: controllable-release SO2 packaging with and without a 1-MCP sachet, and LDPE film packaging as control. Then, the headspace gas concentration in the packaging was evaluated. The physiological properties of grapes, including weight loss, decay incidence, grape stem browning, titratable acidity (TA) and total soluble solids content were evaluated, respectively. The experimental results showed that grapes packed by controllable-release SO2 packaging and 1-MCP achieved the best preservation effect. It decreased grapes stem browning and decay incidence, compared with the other treatments. The reason may be that it provided the grapes a suitable gas atmosphere, decreased the grape respiration rate and hence prolonged Muscat Hamburg grapes storage life.

Two new polyketides, 7,8-dihydroxy-3,5,7-trimethyl-8,8a-dihydro-1H-isochromen-6(7H)-one (1) and 6-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-3,4-diol (2), together with a known nitrogen-containing polyketide (cytochalasin-type of metabolites), [12]-cytochalasin (3), have been isolated from the fermentation broth of a marine sediment-derived fungus Eutypella scoparia FS26 obtained from the South China Sea. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, mainly 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic techniques. The absolute configurations of compound 1 were determined by NOESY analysis and the literature data were compared with circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. The cytotoxic effects on MCF-7, NCI-H460 and SF-268 cell lines of all compounds were evaluated by the sulforhodamine B method.

In this article a kindof nanometer silicon dioxide material which prepared by co-precipitation method was used to improve the properties of ordinary raw material of polypropylene packing film. The results show that the nanometer silicon dioxide material not only greatly increased the notched izod impact strength of modified PP but also increased its flexural modulus and flexural strength and when the content of nanometer silicon dioxide material is less than 1%, the HDT of the modified PP is also lightly increased, and the same time other mechanical properties like tensile stress stay as before. Non-isothermal crystallization behavior of modified PP by this nanometer silicon dioxide material was investigated by differential scanning calorimeter. According to the study on the melt rheology,at a low shear rate, apparent viscosities of PP modified by the nanometer silicon dioxide material were lower than that of pure PP, which proves the nano-silicon dioxide materials can improve the processability of PP and will be good for the producing of PP packaging film. SEM and XPS method has carried on the attribute to the size of SiO2 and its distribution.

The midkine antisense oligonucleotide (MK-ASODN, 5′-CCC CGG GCC GCC CTT CTT CA-3′) nanoliposomes have been identified to suppress hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) growth effectively, and have a great potential to be an effective target drug for HCC. In this study, a facile and reproducible method for large-scale preparation of MK-ASODN nanoliposomes followed by lyophilization has been developed successfully. Meanwhile, the MK-ASODN nanoliposomes characteristics, storage stability and their antitumor efficiency were studied. The mean particle size of MK-ASODN nanoliposomes were 229.43 ± 15.11 nm, and the zeta potential were 29.7 ± 1.1 mV. High entrapment efficiency values were achieved around 90%. Transmission electron microscopy images revealed spherical shaped nanoliposomes. Nanoliposomes allowed sustained MK-ASODN release for as long as 14 days. During 180 days of storage, freeze-dried nanoliposomes showed no significant change in the mean size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency and drug release ratio. Regarding their antitumor efficiency, the in vitro proliferation of human liver cancer cells were significantly inhibited by the MK-ASODN nanoliposomes. Furthermore, the MK-ASOND nanoliposomes also significantly inhibited the growth of HCC in the mouse model. In summary, the results confirmed that this large-scale preparation of MK-ASOND nanoliposomes was facile and reproducible, and potentially, could speed up the application process of our MK-ASOND nanoliposomes for HCC therapy.

The slip agents used to reduce coefficient of friction of polypropylene(PP) film, but it migrate brought the issue of food safety, to reduce of the corona effect and the peel strength of flexible film. We try another method to reduce the coefficient of friction. The result shown that the nano-modification not only reduces the coefficient of friction of PP, but also reduces the adsorption of volatile organic solvent in PP. The coefficient of friction of modified polypropylene was reduced by 50% when the concentration of nano-silica is between 1~2%. The final residues toluene in modified polypropylene was reduced to zero when the concentration of nano-silica in PP is between 1~3%. The modified polypropylene agrees quite well with food safety.

Thermoplastics were prepared by melt blending using polypropylene [PP] and expended vermiculite ball-milled with VAE emulsion. The effect of vermiculite content and vermiculite particle diameter on the crystallization and mechanical property of PP were studied. The mechanical property of PP and the composites studied by using universal testing machine show that both mass fraction of vermiculite and particle size have consequences for mechanical property of PP, and when mass fraction of vermiculite and ball-mill 5 hours can acquire good mechanical properties. The two parameters are in agreement with morphology of the composites observing from the Scanning Electron Microscopy and polarized-light microscope. The results obtained from nonisothermal crystallization of PP and the composites, which were carried out using the differential scanning calorimetry technique, show that vermiculite with micro diameter block crystallization, while vermiculite with micro-nano diameter can induce crystallization and increase crystallization.

In order to extend the preservation of fresh strawberries, an ethylene adsorption active package with gas high permeability was developed. The high permeability of packaging material is made of molecular sieve modified low-density polyethylene (LDPE) film. Before the films were heat sealed to bags, a 3g molecular sieve sachet together with fresh strawberries was put into each package to prolong the storage periods. These packaging and control strawberry samples were stored at 5±1°C. The gas concentration inside the packaging, VC content, total acidity, TSS, rot rate, weight loss and firmness of the preserved strawberries were tested over 13 days’ storage. The experimental date revealed that the gas high permeability films combined with ethylene absorbent treatment showed the lowest rot rate, and the highest preference value compared with the control samples, which proved the feasibility of this novel packaging.

In this work, the properties of LDPE were modified by SiO2-EVA (Ethylene Vinyl Acetate copolymer) composite, while EVA contributed to prevent nanometer SiO2 particles from conglomerating. The results show that the polarity of nano-modified PE films increase from 30 dyne/cm to 35 dyne/cm, the friction coefficient drop 1/2 by itself, and the surface resistance decrease 2~3 magnitudes compared with the un-modified. Also, the crystallization of the films and the crystal particles increase effectively due to addition of nano-SiO2. Hence, the thermal stabilization and elastic modulus of the films can be enhanced, so as to improve the comprehensive properties and reduce existed problems of PE films in applications of printing and packaging industry.

Binderless boards were produced from bamboo particles through a molding pressing process. The boards were investigated for the chemical and structural changes of lignin and their mechanical strengths to evaluate the mechanism of self-bonding. The structural transformations of milled wood lignin (MWL) obtained from raw bamboo and molding pressed bamboo boards were investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), quantitative 13C-NMR spectra, two-dimensional heteronuclear single quantum coherence (2D-HSQC) spectra, 31P-NMR, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques. Both molding press temperature and time affected the distribution and abundance of typical lignin linkages (β-O-4′, β-β′, and β-5′), as well as the S/G ratios of the lignin, demethoxylation, and the contents of attached molecules (PCE). In addition, a decrease in aliphatic OH and an increase in phenolic hydroxyl groups occurred in lignin as molding pressing proceeded. The optimal internal bonding strength (0.98 MPa) of the bamboo binderless board was obtained under the condition of 180 ºC for 20 min. Although the lignin obtained under this condition was structurally similar to the raw MWL, the decreased molecular weight, increased phenolic hydroxyl groups, and observable glass-transition temperature (thermal softening of lignin) provide some evidence to explain the acceptable internal bonding strength.

The germicidal bags which can release environmental properties of SO2 fungicide, have lower water vapor transmission rate and higher oxygen transmission rate, and theirs effect on preservation of table grapes was investigated during storage at room temperature. The results showed that germicidal bags were able to maintain physicochemical, and physiological quality of grapes at a higher level compared with the common LDPE bags. At 16th days, decreases in the water loss rate, berry decay rate, and contents of total soluble solids, titratable acidity of germicidal bags groups were significantly inhibited. Although the content of TSS, TA and the berry firmness didn't show the significant difference between the germicidal bags and control group, but decay rate, shatter rate, and water loss rate of the control group were increased to 5.01%, 13.58%, and 0.67%, respectively. The control group had lost edible value. The overall results expressed that grapes quality can be maintained effectively at least for 16 days using germicidal bags.

Sweet cherry shows a limited storage time mainly due to incidence of decay and a fast loss of sensory quality of the fruit. Sweet cherries may be damaged seriously by fungal pathogens for a long storage period. For the control of postharvest diseases, the use of chemicals as fungicides has been applied to sweet cherries. In this paper, a kind of antimicrobial packaging, based on our patent , which can release SO2fungicide has been used as postharvest treatment to protect the sweet cherry quality. Cherries quality during storage was determined, and results suggest that SO2 fungicide packaging showed benefits in terms of lower weight loss, lowerSuperscript textdecay rate and maintenance of fruit firmness compared with the control one.

Two new octahydronaphthalene derivatives, trichodermic acid A (1) and trichodermic acid B (2), along with a known analog, trichodermic acid (3), and a known modified dipeptide, trichodermamide A (4), were isolated from the extract of Trichoderma spirale, an endophytic fungus present in the medicinal plant Aquilaria sinensis. The structures of these compounds were established by extensive analysis of their spectroscopic data including 1D- and 2D-NMR and MS data.

Five new oxygenated pimarane diterpenes, named scopararanes C–G (1–5) were isolated from the culture of a marine sediment-derived fungus Eutypella scoparia FS26 obtained from the South China Sea. The structures of these compounds were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis. The absolute configurations of compounds 1–5, were determined by CD spectroscopic analysis and comparison with literature data. All isolated compounds (1–5) were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against MCF-7, NCI-H460, and SF-268 tumor cell lines by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) method.

A new monocyclofarnesane-type sesquiterpene, 3,7,10-trihydroxy-6,11-cyclofarnes-1-ene (1), and a new acorane-type sesquiterpene, 8-(hydroxymethyl)-1-(2-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-4-methylspiro[4.5]dec-8-en-7-ol (2), were isolated from the culture of Eutypella scoparia FS26 from the South China Sea, along with three known terpenes, 3–5. The structures of these compounds were determined by extensive analysis of their spectroscopic data as well as by comparison with literature reports. The isolated compounds 1–5 were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against the SF-268, MCF-7, and NCI-H460 tumor cell lines.

Gas permselective packaging film is an emerging material which enables it with gas selective permeation functions so as to keep the preservation atmosphere of inner packages and thus extends the shelf-life of fresh fruits. In this work, Hexamethyldisilazane and Hexamethyldisiloxane were applied as the precursors to comparatively investigate the behavior on the preparation of gas permselectivy film, respectively. Also, Different reaction parameters such as plasma input power, deposition time and monomer proportions were investigated respectively. The film properties were analyzed by Water Contact Anglemeter, Surface Profiler thickness test, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), water vapor transmission rate test (WVTR) and oxygen transmission rate test (OTR). The results showed that HMDS is better than HMDSO to be the precursor for the formation of gas permselectivity films.The film formed from the monomer of HMDS changed the gas permeability of the film reversely which is more suitable for the preparation of such materials.

This paper describes method for extending shelf time of Dashehari mango fruit using a active packaging film (APF) which can release SO2fungicide. Mango fruits were assessed for weight loss (water loss), firmness, percent of decay, total soluble solids (TSS) over a storage period of 21 days at room condition. APF was efficient to reduce the decreasing firmness and TSS, maintain water of whole mango with any decay during 21days of storage

Ethylene is plant hormones, which can promote postharvest fruit mature and age rotten. In fresh-keeping packaging of fruit and vegetable to achieve safety packaging and timely remove ethylene in the wrapper and to extend shelf life, this study were prepared by melting blend weight ratio of zeolite and LDPE were 0 / 100, 2 / 100, 4 / 100, 6 / 100, 8 / 100, five different blending film, and the rub resistance and tensile properties, DSC thermodynamic performance, blocking properties and adsorption performance of ethylene gases of these five kinds of film are studied. With the increase of the content of zeolite the friction coefficient and the tensile strength of the Blend film first increased and then decreased. DSC differential thermal analysis showed that the addition of the zeolite does not have effect on the thermal stability of the blend film. but with the increase of the zeolite content , the crystallinity of the film is reduced ,and the barrier property is declined.

With the improvement of living standards, the requirement of food quality, nutrition, and freshness have been higher and higher. As the characteristics of highly effective, non-toxic, low cost, easy operation and significantly preservation effect, chitosan has been used widely as a new type of natural antistaling agent. Chitosan fresh-keeping mechanism and application in food preservatives are discussed in this study. From the three aspects of chitosan coating, composite coating, and chitosan modification, this work provides an overview of some researches about chitosan fresh food technology in abroad and domestic. And further development is discussed: the effect of the sole use of chitosan is not very good. Composite coating of chitosan will be more and more attractive with the merits about effectively preventing moisture loss, reducing weightlessness rate and so on. Storage stability about liquid chitosan can be solved by modified chitosan, which will also have a more attractive effect. This paper has theoretical significance to develop chitosan applications in food fresh-keeping technology.

Physical and chemical quality including vitamin C, TSS, browning index and pH and sensory quality indexes including appearance, color and odor of orange juice were studied during the storage under ambient temperature, take oxygen scavenging films (OSF) as the packaging materials, and high barrier packaging and normal food packaging as the control group. Experimental results showed vitamin C, total soluble solid and pH value of orange juice packed in oxygen scavenging packaging were higher than that in control group, browning index was significantly lower than that in control group, and the sensory quality evaluation was better than that in control group after storage for 5 weeks. This indicated that oxygen scavenging packaging can remove oxygen in package headspace, prevent oxygen from penetrating into package from outside, and form a lower oxygen concentration environment in package. And it can obviously retard the degradation of vitamin C and sugar, delay the browning, delay the decline of orange juice quality, and prolong the shelf life of orange juice.

Gas permselectivity film is an emerging material which enables it with gas selective permeability functions so as to keep the preservation atmosphere including water vapor, oxygen and other gas concentration of inner packages and thus extends the preservation period of fresh fruits. In this work, the monomer Hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) and oxygen gas were applied as the precursor and reaction gas, the gas permselective material were deposited on PET and Chitosan substrate by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) method, respectively. Different reaction parameters such as monomer proportions, plasma input powers and deposition time were investigated respectively. The film properties were analyzed by Surface Profiler thickness test, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), water vapor transmission rate test (WVTR) and oxygen transmission rate test (OTR). The experimental results showed that plasma input power and monomer ratio influence the gas selective permeation (OTR/WVTR ratio) greatly. And also, the mechanism of gas selective permeation of the film was preliminary discussed.

Low carbon and environment friendly are the two development trends of green printing and packaging industries, and also are the inherent requirement of implementation of China’s energy saving policy. Recently, the calculation of carbon footprint on packaging has been a focus, and it is expected to be an evaluating index to estimate global greenhouse gas emissions. The rapid development of China’s beer industry has brought a series of environmental problems, such as the large consumption of resources and the heavy burden to the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out the research on the carbon emissions of beer packaging. In this work, glass brewage packaging vessel was selected as researching object, its carbon emissions were investigated by mixed LCA method. Through the relevant carbon emissions research of the processes during the whole life cycle including raw materials’ production, packaging process, transportation, consumption, recycling and so on, the carbon footprint on glass brewage packaging vessel were calculated. With the comparison and analysis, some advices were given to reduce carbon emissions for beer packaging. The result provides a case support for energy conservation in the field of green packaging.

Ethylene is a kind of plant hormones, which can promote postharvest fruit mature and age rotten. Banana is a typical type of after-ripening fruit, and very sensitive to ethylene, and it can get decay easily in the process of transportation and selling, which results in shortened shelf life. Considering the situations above, self-made with zeolite that adsorption of ethylene. And then to have the zeolite melted blending with the LDPE film, prepared five kinds of different modified films with ethylene adsorption. Through experiment and analyzing the quality changes of banana packaged in those five modified films, the following conclusion that LDPE with 2% zeolite had a better preservation of bananas was obtain.

In this paper, the influence of nano-silica on adsorption behavior of solvent in polypropylene packaging is reported. A principle of reducing solvent residue in polypropylene packaging was explored through analyses of changes of crystallization behavior, polarity, and solubility parameters of nano-silica /polypropylene composites. The results showed that the value of solvent residue in modified polypropylene films was reduced about 50%. Therefore nano-silica modified polypropylene films with lower solvent adsorption are in accordance with food safety.

In this study, six kinds of different films from LDPE (Low-density polyethylene) modified by EVA (Ethylene - vinyl acetate copolymer) were made, and EVA / LDPE mass ratio was 0/50, 1/49, 1/ 19 4/21, and 1/3. Influence of EVA amount on the properties of LDPE film was investigated using the Instron universal testing machine, DSC, oxygen permeability tester and breathable apparatus. The mechanical properties of the blended films showed that when the EVA content was 5%, LDPE / EVA film transverse Young's modulus increased by about 50%, and the vertical Young's modulus increased by about 56%, which is good for improving the overprint accuracy of the LDPE / EVA film. DSC analysis showed that the melt blending has no effect on the thin-film processing temperature and thermal stability, but the result indicated that the crystallinity of the blended films was lowered with the increase of EVA amount. Barrier tests showed that with the increase of EVA content, the barrier of the modified films was decreased. The polarity of the film increased with more EVA component, which would augment the surface tension of LDPE and its ink adhesion.

Nanomaterials have been demonstrated to possess novel characteristics that can be applied in developing new packaging with better properties than packaging produced with ordinary micromolecules materials. Such developments include the production of packaging with improved mechanical or barrier properties, which applied to the food industry will extend the shelf life of a food, thereby expanding its marketing potential. The present study discussed on approaches to reduce low molecular weight chemicals residue in flaxible films via modification by nano-SiO2. The results of the study showed that the cast-polypropylene films with nano- SiO2 particles have good adhesiveness of ink and peeling strength, especially low adsorption behavior of solvents in inks or adhesives, and low friction coefficient in absence of any slip agents.

A kind of intelligent release fresh-keeping composite packaging films with its preparation methods and experimental results were introduced. This novel fresh-keeping film has three structural layers: the inner layer to control the release which are formed by a certain proportion of EVA/LDPE blended resins; the interlayer to generate SO2 fresh keeping agent which are composed of blended polyurethane binder, sodium metabisulfite and calcium sulfite served as adhesive layer; the outer designed as barrier layer to avoid SO2 diffusion to outside. The film properties varied with different inner layer components were characterized including film polarity, water vapor transmission rate and oxygen transmission rate tests. The film crystallinity and grain size of the inner layer with different LDPE/EVA blend proportions were analyzed by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Also, the effects of different inner layer components on the relations of SO2 concentration and release cycles were investigated. The experimental results showed that the film could not only control the SO2 release amount with the need of various fruits so as to inhibit the growth of mould on fruits, but also restrain fruit respiration, reduce water loss and nutrients consumption, and thus extend the fruit storage period effectively.

A new way was developed to grow carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in the downstream zone of high pressure dielectric barrier discharge plasma. Using Ni coated Si as the catalyzed substrate, CH4 as the carbon source, H2, NH3 and water vapor mixtures as the dilution and etching gas, CNTs were grown under temperatures of 630oC and 750 oC. The effects of various etching gas mixtures on the growth of CNTs were investigated respectively. The CNTs were characterized by SEM and high-resolution TEM. The results show that trace addition of Ammonia and water vapor to the plasma atmospheres can influence CNTs growth strongly. In 15% CH4 gas mixtures, CNTs can grown well within an addition of 3% NH3 which showed an improvement of CNTs quality, but no product was founded when adding the NH3 content over 8%. On the contrary, in 15% CH4 and 8% NH3 gas mixtures, CNTs can grow better when adding a small proportion (2‰-6‰) of water vapor to the etching gas and meanwhile optical emission spectrometry (OES) was applied to diagnositic and explain the effects of trace water vapor on the process of CNTs growth.

The printing and packaging properties of ordinary Polypropylene (PP) materials were modified by self-made nanometer silicon dioxide (SiO2) and the effects of different SiO2 proportion were investigated. The results showed that SiO2 modification not only greatly increased the mechanic properties of PP but also improved its universal performance including polarity, ink adhesion and solvents residual and therefore enable PP materials better meet the requirement for food packaging industry.

A new isofuranonaphthalenone, (7R*, 8S*)-3,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4,7,8-trihydroxynaphtho[2,3-c]furan-5(1H)-one (1), and a new benzopyran, (2R*,4R*)-3,4-dilhydro-4-methoxy-2-methyl-2H-1benzopyran-5-ol (2), together with four known related analogs, 3-6, were isolated from the culture of Nodulisporium sp. A4, an endophylic fungus from the stem of Aquilaria sinensis (LOUR.) GILG. The structure of the isolated compounds were determined by extensive analysis of their spectroscopic data as well as by comparison with literature reports. The isolated compounds 1-6 were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities against the NCI-H460 and SF-268 tumor cell lines.

In this paper, based on CFD method and dynamic mesh technology, the ship maneuvering performance is predicted in viscous flow. Numerical computation models are built to realize the simulation of the ship maneuvering motions such as static drift test, static rudder test, pure yaw test and pure sway test. Hydrodynamic forces and moments acting on a maneuvering ship are obtained in the body-fixed coordinate system. The computational results are compared with data of potential theory method. Then based on VC code, a simulator of ship maneuvering motions is built to simulate ship Zigzagging and Turing test. The results show that the present numerical simulation method and the ship maneuvering motion simulator are able to be used in numerical simulation of the real size ship maneuvering motions in viscous flow field.

Cultivation of the fungal strain Eurotium rubrum, an endophytic fungus that was isolated from the inner tissue of stems of the mangrove plant Hibiscus tiliaceus, resulted in the isolation of two new dioxopiperazine derivatives, namely, dehydrovariecolorin L (1) and dehydroechinulin (2), together with eight known dioxopiperazine compounds including variecolorin L (3), echinulin (4), isoechinulin A (5), dihydroxyisoechinulin A (6), preechinulin (7), neoechinulin A (8), neoechinulin E (9), and cryptoechinuline D (10). The structures of the isolated compounds were determined by extensive analysis of their spectroscopic data as well as by comparison with literature. Compounds 1, 2, 9, and 10 were investigated for their a,a-diphenyl-beta-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity. In addition, the new compounds, 1 and 2, were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against the P-388, HL-60, and A549 cell lines.

Seven pentacyclic triterpenoids including 3beta-O-(E)-coumaroyl-15alpha-hydroxy-beta-amyrin (1), 15alpha-hydroxy-beta-amyrin (2), 3beta-taraxerol (3), 3beta-taraxerol formate (4), 3beta-taraxerol acetate (5), 3beta-O-(E)-coumaroyl-taraxerol (6), and 3beta-O-(Z)-coumaroyl-taraxerol (7) were isolated and identified from the stems and twigs of the mangrove plant Rhizophora stylosa. The structures of the isolated compounds were determined by extensive analysis of their spectroscopic data. Among these metabolites, compound 1 is a new oleanane-type triterpenoid coumaroyl ester, while compound 4 is a new natural product obtained here as an isolated substance for the first time. The full spectroscopic detail of compound 4 is also reported here for the first time.

Four new (1-4) and seven known (5-11) benzaldehyde derivatives were characterized from the liquid fermentation cultures of Eurotium rubrum, an endophytic fungus that was isolated from the inner tissue of stems of the mangrove plant Hibiscus tiliaceus. The structures of these compounds were determined by extensive analysis of their spectroscopic data. Among these metabolites, compound 1, which was named as eurotirumin, possesses a new carbon skeleton with a cyclopentabenzopyran ring system.

Jussiaea repens L. (JRL) is an edible medicinal plant and is also used as a vegetable by the local people in southwestern China. The crude extract and its four fractions derived from JRL were evaluated for the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging ability, hydroxyl radical-scavenging capacity and the potassium ferricyanide reduction property. The ethyl acetate-soluble fraction (EAF) and EAF6 (a subfraction derived from EAF) were the most valuable fraction and subfraction, respectively. Furthermore, bioactivity-guided chromatographic fractionation revealed that three pure compounds greatly contributed to the antioxidant activities. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the major antioxidant constituents in the extract were systematically conducted by NMR, mass spectral analyses and RP-HPLC. The result demonstrated that rosmarinic acid (2.00 mg g(-1) JRL dry weight) quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (9.88 mg g(-1) JRL dry weight), and kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1.85 mg g(-1) JRL dry weight) were the major antioxidative constituents in JRL. These compounds are reported for the first time from this plant.

A new acetylated flavanol, 3,7-O-diacetyl (–)-epicatechin (3), and seven known flavanol derivatives, (–)-epicatechin (1), 3-O-acetyl (–)-epicatechin (2), 3,3′,4′,5,7-O-pentaacetyl (–)-epicatechin (4), (+)-afzelechin (5), (+)-catechin (6), cinchonain Ib (7), and proanthocyanidin B2 (8), were isolated from the stems and twigs of the mangrove plant Rhizophora stylosa and identified. The crude extract, the different fractions and all of the purified compounds were evaluated for DPPH radical scavenging activity.

Cultivation of the endophytic fungus Chaetomium globosum, which was isolated from the inner tissue of the marine red alga Polysiphonia urceolata, resulted in the isolation of chaetopyranin (1), a new benzaldehyde secondary metabolite. Ten known compounds were also isolated, including two benzaldehyde congeners, 2-(2 ',3-epoxy-1 ',3 '-heptadienyl)-6-hydroxy- 5-(3-methyl-2-butenyl) benzaldehyde (2) and isotetrahydroauroglaucin (3), two anthraquinone derivatives, erythroglaucin (4) and parietin (5), five asperentin derivatives including asperentin ( 6, also known as cladosporin), 5 '-hydroxy-asperentin-8-methylether (7), asperentin-8-methyl ether (8), 4 '-hydroxyasperentin (9), and 5 '-hydroxyasperentin (10), and the prenylated diketopiperazine congener neoechinulin A (11). The structures of these compounds were determined on the basis of their spectroscopic data analysis (H-1, C-13, H-1-H-1 COSY, HMQC, and HMBC NMR, as well as low- and high-resolution mass experiments). To our knowledge, compound 1 represents the first example of a 2H-benzopyran derivative of marine algal-derived fungi as well as of the fungal genus Chaetomium. Each isolate was tested for its DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical-scavenging property. Compounds 1-4 were found to have moderate activity. Chaetopyranin (1) also exhibited moderate to weak cytotoxic activity toward several tumor cell lines.