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Abstract 13‐Acetoxysarcocrassolide (13‐AC) is a marine cembranoid derived from the aquaculture soft coral of Lobophytum crassum. The cytotoxic effect of 13‐AC against leukemia cells was previously reported but its mechanism of action is still unexplored. In the current study, we showed that 13‐AC induced apoptosis of human acute lymphoblastic leukemia Molt4 cells, as evidenced by the cleavage of PARP and caspases, phosphatidylserine externalization, as well as the disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential. The use of N‐acetylcysteine (NAC), a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, attenuated the cytotoxic effect induced by 13‐AC. Molecular docking and thermal shift assay indicated that the cytotoxic mechanism of action of 13‐AC involved the inhibition of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp 90) activity by eliciting the level of Hsp 70 and topoisomerase IIα in Molt4 cells. 13‐AC also exhibited potent antitumor activity by reducing the tumor volume (48.3%) and weight (72.5%) in the in vivo Molt4 xenograft mice model. Our findings suggested that the marine cembranoid, 13‐AC, acted as a dual inhibitor of Hsp 90 and topoisomerase IIα, exerting more potent apoptotic activity via the enhancement of ROS generation.

{AR} تبحث هذه الدراسة في مدى انتشار الكذب بين المصريين القدماء باستخدام الأدلة النصية. تم تصنيف النصوص المختارة إلى قسمين: أولاً النصوص الدنيوية؛ وتشمل نصوص الحكم والتعاليم مثل تعاليم بتاح حتب, وخيتي ابن دواو إف, وتعاليم أمنموبي. وكذلك نصوص الأدب القصصي (قصة القروي الفصيح). ونصوص السير الذاتية. ثانياً: النصوص الدينية مثل كتاب الموتى ونصوص تقدمة الماعت. وتناول البحث بعد ذلك المفردات الدالة على الكذب من خلال النصوص السابقة, ثم الحديث عن بعض حالات الكذب مثل البلاغ الكاذب وشهادة الزور أو اليمين الكاذب. ثم تناول البحث العقوبات التي يتعرض لها من يتحدث بالكذب؛ وقد تفاوتت هذه العقوبات واختلفت وفقاً للجريمة المرتكبة؛ ومن هذه العقوبات عقوبة الاعدام على الخازوق وعقوبة الضرب وعقوبة الانقلاب وعقوبة الاعماء وعقوبة جدع الأنف والأذن. وأخيراً الحديث عن حرص المصري القديم على عدم التحدث بالكذب كما جاء في النصوص. ويهدف هذا البحث إلى توضيح مدى كره وإزدراء المصريين القدماء للكذب وتحديد أكثر من عقوبة لمُعاقبة الكاذب والحث على عدم التحدث بالكذب. الكلمات الدالة: الكذب؛ مقت الكذب؛ الشهادة الزور؛ البلاغ الكاذب؛ الاعدام على الخازوق؛ عقوبة الضرب؛ عقوبة الإعماء. {EN} This study examines the prevalence of lying among ancient Egyptians using textual evidence. The selected texts were classified into two categories: First, the worldly texts: Include texts of wisdom and teachings, such as The Maxims of Ptahhotep, The Teaching of Cheti son of Duauf, and The Teaching of Amenemope, as well as texts of fiction (The Eloquent Peasant Story) and autobiographical texts. Second: the religious texts, such as the Book of the Dead. The research then dealt with the vocabulary indicating lying throughout the previous texts. Then talk about some cases of lying, such as false communication, perjury, or a false oath. The research then focused on the penalties for those who tell lies. These penalties varied and differed according to the crime committed. These penalties include the death penalty for impaling, beating, overturning, blinding, and cutting off the nose and ears. Finally, we talk about the ancient Egyptians' keenness not to speak lies, as stated in the texts. Keywords: Lying, Abhor lying, perjury, false notification, the death sentence on impalement, punishment for beating, punishment for blindness.

Marine natural products offer immense potential for drug development, but the limited supply of marine organisms poses a significant challenge. Establishing aquaculture presents a sustainable solution for this challenge by facilitating the mass production of active ingredients while reducing our reliance on wild populations and harm to local environments. To fully utilize aquaculture as a source of biologically active products, a cell-free system was established to target molecular components with protein-modulating activity, including topoisomerase II, HDAC, and tubulin polymerization, using extracts from aquaculture corals. Subsequent in vitro studies were performed, including MTT assays, flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, and Western blotting, along with in vivo xenograft models, to verify the efficacy of the active extracts and further elucidate their cytotoxic mechanisms. Regulatory proteins were clarified using NGS and gene modification techniques. Molecular docking and SwissADME assays were performed to evaluate the drug-likeness and pharmacokinetic and medicinal chemistry-related properties of the small molecules. The extract from Lobophytum crassum (LCE) demonstrated potent broad-spectrum activity, exhibiting significant inhibition of tubulin polymerization, and showed low IC50 values against prostate cancer cells. Flow cytometry and Western blotting assays revealed that LCE induced apoptosis, as evidenced by the increased expression of apoptotic protein-cleaved caspase-3 and the populations of early and late apoptotic cells. In the xenograft tumor experiments, LCE significantly suppressed tumor growth and reduced the tumor volume (PC3: 43.9%; Du145: 49.2%) and weight (PC3: 48.8%; Du145: 7.8%). Additionally, LCE inhibited prostate cancer cell migration, and invasion upregulated the epithelial marker E-cadherin and suppressed EMT-related proteins. Furthermore, LCE effectively attenuated TGF-β-induced EMT in PC3 and Du145 cells. Bioactivity-guided fractionation and SwissADME validation confirmed that LCE’s main component, 13-acetoxysarcocrassolide (13-AC), holds greater potential for the development of anticancer drugs.

The authors wish to emphasize that the experiments were simultaneously conducted with several plant species, and identical control groups were utilized for both articles (Phytomedicine (2017), doi:10 [...]

This study investigated the use of anatase titania slurry in a falling film reactor to photocatalytically degrade methylene blue dye. The system's performance was evaluated by varying feed flow rate, initial pH, TiO2 dose, and initial dye concentration. Results showed that high dye removal rates (91 % photolysis, 98 % photocatalysis) were achieved after 150 minutes of irradiation. Increased feed flow rate, highly alkaline medium, and higher catalyst dose led to enhanced degradation rates. However, higher initial dye concentration resulted in slower reaction rates and lower degradation extents. The modified Freundlich model best fitted the kinetic data, suggesting the photocatalytic system's potential for organic contaminant degradation and wastewater treatment applications.

Bone metabolism is characterized by an interplay between the deposition of bone matrix and mineralization and the resorption process. Osteoporosis is a form of systemic metabolic bone condition that causes bone density to decline and its microarchitecture to deteriorate, increasing the risk of fracture owing to fragility. The underlying cause of this clinical disease lies in the imbalance in bone remodeling, in which bone resorption by osteoclasts predominates over bone creation by osteoblasts. Natural remedies have long been used to cure and prevent osteoporosis. Genus Sophora of the Fabaceae family comprises about 69 species that showed many pharmacological effects, including bone health preservation. The activity of Sophora sp. in maintaining bone health was attributed to its antioxidant, regenerative, and anti-inflammatory qualities. In this review, we focused on the therapeutic properties of the extracts and isolated compounds from the genus Sophora in maintaining bone health, with special emphasis on the management of osteoporosis.

Ahmed Ali Amer,1,&ast; Esam Ahmed Ghanem Abu El Wafa Ali,2,&ast; Esam Sayed Ahmed,2,&ast; Mohamed Ateto Hamed,2,&ast; Wael el Shazly Eata,3,&ast; Ibrahim Amer1,&ast; 1Ophthalmology Department, Qena Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt; 2Ophthalmology Department, Al Azhar University, Assuit, Egypt; 3Ophthalmology Department, Luxor University, Luxor, Egypt&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Ahmed Ali Amer, Tel +20 101 182 7000, Email AhmedALi.ophth@gmail.comPurpose: This study aimed to compare the short-term outcome of implanting the Visian implantable collamer lens V4 ICL versus the Visian V4c ICL in patients with moderate and high myopia.Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective that was conducted on patients with moderate or high myopia who were scheduled for ICL implantation at our institution, Patients who underwent V4 ICL implantation with peripheral iridectomy were assigned to group A, and those who underwent V4c ICL implantation without peripheral iridectomy were assigned to group B. In group A, a preoperative peripheral iridectomy was performed. In group B, the patients received cycloplegic and dilating agents. The patients underwent a complete ocular examination preoperatively and during the follow-up visits that were conducted at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively.Results: This study included 214 eyes from 107 patients; group A included 110 eyes, and group B included 104 eyes. Postoperatively, the UCVA and BCVA showed statistically significant improvement across the follow-up time points (p< 0.001), with no significant difference between the two groups. No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups in the mean achieved correction or the residual refraction. Both groups showed a strong correlation between the target and the achieved correction, with R2 = 0.99 in the two groups. No significant difference was found between the two groups in the IOP across all time measures. However, the intraocular pressure showed a statistically significant postoperative increase in group A (p=0.004), and no significant change in group B (p=0.817). There was a downward slope in the vaults of both groups across time, with significant variation in the last follow-up measure compared to the 3-month measure in the two groups (p< 0.001). No significant difference was found between the two groups across all time measures.Conclusion: The current study adds new evidence concerning the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of ICL V4c implantation for the treatment of moderate and high myopia, with safer postoperative IOP.Keywords: moderate and high myopia, Visian implantable collamer lens, central hole, peripheral iridectomy

Amongst the membrane distillation techniques, the air gap configurations showed an outstanding thermal efficiency, while a decline in productivity was recorded due to the additional thermal and mass resistances. The current study proposes minimizing the additional thermal and mass resistances by altering the condensation process to dropwise condensation. Depositing a layer of reduced graphene oxide using the electrophoretic deposition technique on the copper condensation plate was investigated to obtain a hydrophobic nature and attain dropwise condensation. Moreover, different operating conditions were examined for the optimum conditions, which were 45 V, 30 s, 1 cm, and 0.5 mg/ml, for the applied voltage, deposition time, distance between electrodes, and concentration, respectively. This modified condensation plate was investigated experimentally on the lab-scale test rig and showed an improvement in the productivity of 12.5% and 28.5% at the minimum and maximum feed temperatures, respectively. On the other hand, solar energy was utilized to eliminate the heating source required for the membrane distillation unit. A high concentration photovoltaic (HCPV) unit was introduced numerically in the current work with 36 multijunction cells. Furthermore, a microchannel heat sink was successfully designed to keep the cells from thermal degradation. The numerical results showed that the HCPV system could supply hot water up to 55 °C and produce electric power up to 230 W.

تشكل الواجهات المائية ثروة ذات طبيعة خاصة مزدوجة القيمة والتميز والتي تمثل تراثا ليس فقط على المستوى الطبيعي، ولكن على المستوى العمراني أيضا. تشكل تلك الثروات والتي تجمع بين عبقرية المكان والموقع على مستوى، والنتاج المعماري العمراني على مستوى أخر تحديا صعبا في عملية التنمية المستدامة. فيعد حماية تلك الثروات والحفاظ على استدامة إمكاناتها الإيكولوجية والحضارية والبيئية هدفا محورياً. إن المنهجية المتبعة في هذا البحث تتمثل في محورين رئيسيين، يؤدي كل محور للمحور التالي بشكل سردي استنتاجي متتالي حيث أن: -المحور الأول: هو المنهج النظري الذي يعتبر منهج استقرائي يعتمد على المراجعات الأدبية لاعتبارات ومعايير التجديد العمراني المستدام للواجهات المائية ونظم التقييم العالمية لتطوير المشاريع المستدامة. -المحور الثاني: المنهج التطبيقي الذي يمثل الدراسة الميدانية كمرحلة تالية ومكملة لما تم تناوله في المحور السابق، حيث سيتم استخدام ما تم استنتاجه من المراجعات الأدبية لعمل استبيانات ولتقييم واجهة بحر يوسف المائية، ومن ثم تم استخدام التقييم الناتج لاستخلاص إجراءات تنفيذ سياسة التطوير المتبعة في كل منطقة. وفي الختام يمكن القول بأنه تم طرح اعتبارات ومعايير وإجراءات تنفيذ سياسات التجديد العمراني المستدام للواجهات المائية التي تتمثل في إطار علمي متكامل مبني على أسس ومعايير الاستدامة العمرانية طبقاً لأنظمة التقييم الدولية للتجديد العمراني المستدام. Waterfronts are considered asset with a special nature and double value, which represents a heritage not only on the natural level, but on the urban level as well, which combines the genius of the place and the site on one level, and the architectural product on another level. These waterfronts pose a difficult challenge in the process of sustainable development, as dealing with them requires a double awareness and sensitivity. The protection of these asset and the preservation of the sustainability of their ecological, cultural and environmental potential is a central objective. The methodology used in this research is represented in two main axes, each axis leads to the following axis in a sequential narrative, as: The first axis: is the theoretical approach, which is considered an inductive approach based on literary reviews of considerations and standards of sustainable urban renewal for waterfronts and global assessment systems for the development of sustainable projects. The second axis: the applied approach, which represents the field study as a next and complementary stage to what was dealt with in the previous axis, where the conclusions from the literary reviews will be used to make questionnaires and evaluate for Yusuf Sea Waterfront, and then the resulting evaluation was used to derive the procedures for implementing the development policy followed in each region. In conclusion, it can be said that considerations, criteria and procedures for implementing sustainable urban renewal policies for waterfronts, which are represented in an integrated scientific framework based on the foundations of urban sustainability in accordance with international assessment systems for sustainable urban renewal, were presented.

Fungal extracts are considered a promising source of bioactive compounds that represent the basic core of the drug industry.This study aimed at exploring the antimicrobial, antioxidant and larvicidal activities of three ethyl acetate extracts of three fungal isolates Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus fumigatus and Penicilluim griseofulvum. These fungi were isolated from sediment samples collected in water courses of three Egyptian governorates; Giza, Qalubeya and Gharbeya, during a year from January to December 2019, molecularly identified using 18Sr RNA technique and were grown on rice medium for 14 days and extracted with ethyl acetate. GC-MS/MS examination of extracts led to identification of 15, 29 and 24 compounds, respectively. Moreover, in Folin-Ciocalteu's assay, the tested fungal extracts showed noticeable total phenolic contents (TPCs) values of 115.84, 88.24 and 73.22, respectively for Aspergillus fumigatus, Penicillium griseofulvum and Fusarium oxysporum. Additionally, Aspergillus fumigatus extract exhibited strong total antioxidant capacity (TAC) value of 409.46 mg AAE/g dry extract, followed by Penicillium griseofulvum and Fusarium oxysporum extracts with TAC values of 299.28 and 281.31 mg AAE/g dry extract, respectively. All extracts exhibited antimicrobial activites against Staphylococcus aureus (G+ve bacterium), Escherichia coli (G-ve bacterium), Candida albicans (yeast) and Aspergillus niger (Fungus). Also, the extracts showed high larvicidal activity against miracidia and cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni. In conclusion, Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus fumigatus and Penicilluim griseofulvum are excellent sources of bioactive compounds which have multiple biological effects. [ J Adv Biotechnol Exp Ther 2022; 5(3.000): 456-472]

3D reconstruction from video data is proposed for mapping the Egyptian railway network. A generic framework is proposed and applied based on video data. This framework mainly passes through three main stages. The pre-processing stage contains system implementation, data acquisition, the keyframes extraction, and camera calibration. The second stage is the generation of the 3D reconstruction models from a set of two-dimensional images. This stage is mainly based on the feature correspondence process and Structure from Motion (SfM) techniques. The 3D coordinates of the feature points and relative camera motion parameters are refined using the bundle adjustment algorithms to generate an accurate 3D reconstruction model. Many models are reconstructed based on different parameters/scenarios to evaluate the most accurate model. The best 3D model was selected and used to generate an orthogonal photo. Finally, the third stage is the track detection framework which uses the generated orthogonal image for automatic detection of railway tracks. The framework is tested on a dataset of a railway network with an approximate length of 20 km. The accuracy of the results is compared with field survey data conducted in the same area using conventional surveying instruments. From the results, the recommended train speed for reasonable video data collection is 10 kph with an overlap percentage of 95 %. The RMSE of the extracted track width is 0.03 m, and it contributes to the efficiency of our approach in the reconstruction of 3D surfaces compared to the recommended procedures in traditional techniques.

The Eucalyptus tree, belonging to the myrtle family, grows all over the world for its pharmaceutical and industrial benefits. In this article, we present a comparative analysis of the chemical composition of the hydrodistilled oils obtained from three different Eucalyptus species growing in Egypt viz. E. citriodora, E. camaldulensis, and E. ficifolia. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometric guided analysis resulted in the identification of a total of 20 metabolites in E. citriodora oil with citronellal (54.9%) and citronellol (25.4%) being the most dominant components. β-cymene (12.7%) and 1,8-cineole (11.7%) were the major volatile constituents identified in E. camaldulensis oil, while trans-β-ocimene (22.4%), 1,8-cineole (13.5%), and L-trans-pinocarveol (12.5%) were the dominating components in the oil of E. ficifolia. The essential oils of the studied species were evaluated for their in vitro anti-inflammatory, antiviral including anti-SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2), antibacterial, and antifungal activities. E. citriodora oil displayed the highest inhibitory activity on the release of the superoxide radical (32%) and elastase enzyme (31%) in human neutrophils, while E. ficifolia oil had enhancing effects on elastase. The latter showed significant antiviral effects against hepatitis A, herpes simplex, and coxsackie viruses with IC50 values at 2.1, 2.5, and 5.6 μg/mL, respectively. Moderate antibacterial and antifungal activities were observed for Eucalyptus oils with Staphylococcus aureus being the most susceptible bacterial strain. E. ficifolia oil, similarly, displayed the best antibacterial activity with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value at ca. 25 μg/mL (for S. aureus). On the contrary, E. camaldulensis oil was the most active against Candida albicans with an MIC value at 45 μg/mL. In silico studies were performed with a number of macromolecular drug targets for confirming the biological activities of the identified compounds and for interpreting their ADME (absorption-distribution-metabolism-elimination) parameters.

Objectives Postoperative cognitive decline (POCD) or decreased health-related quality of life (HQL) have been reported after cardiac surgery. A previous investigation showed beneficial effects of postoperative cognitive training on POCD and HQL 3 months after heart surgery. Here, we present the 12-month follow-up results.Methods This bicentric, 1:1 randomised and treatment-as-usual controlled trial included elderly patients scheduled for elective heart valve surgery. The training consisted of paper-and-pencil-based exercises practising multiple cognitive functions for 36 min/day 6 days/week over a period of 3 weeks. Neuropsychological tests and questionnaires assessing HQL (36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36)) and cognitive failures in daily living (Cognitive Failures Questionnaire) were performed presurgery and 12 months after training.Results Twelve months post training, the training group (n=30) showed improvements in HQL compared with the control group (n=28), especially in role limitations due to physical health (U=−2.447, p=0.015, η2=0.109), role limitations due to emotional problems (U=−2.245, p=0.025, η2=0.092), pain (U=−1.979, p=0.049, η2=0.068), average of all SF-36 factors (U=−3.237, p

Background: Amiodarone is widely used for heart arrhytmia. Previous studies have suggested the possibility of optic neuropathy with the chronic use of this drug. Objectives: To identify structural or functional changes in the retina and optic nerve in patients on chronic amiodarone therapy without visual complaints. Methods: This observational study included 15 eyes of 15 patients with cardiac arrythmia on chronic amiodarone treatment and 15 healthy matched subjects as a control group. All subjects underwent electrophysiological tests [pattern visual evoked potential (PVEP), pattern electroretinogram (PERG), multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG), and optical coherence tomography (OCT) and angiography (OCTA)]. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups regarding the PVEP, PERG, and the mfERG parameters. Macular and optic nerve head OCT and OCTA have not shown statistically significant differences except for the morphological parameters of the optic disc ( p = 0.008 for the horizontal and p = 0.013 for vertical cup/disc ratio and p = 0.045 for rim area). Conclusion: Patients on chronic amiodarone therapy have not shown evident structural or functional changes in the retinal or optic nerve as demonstrated by electrophysiological tests, OCT, and OCTA results compared to controls.