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The conceptual and detailed design of a metal structure resembling a real tree with branches, in whose upper part photovoltaic solar panels are located, is presented in this work. The energy generated will be used to charge batteries for mobile phones, tablets and laptops belonging to the university community in Bajo Cauca headquarter of Universidad de Antioquia, located at a latitude of 7.990584° and a longitude of -75.193100°. For the design of the tree, an estimation of the solar resource in the headquarter was initially conducted; it was established that the annual average of peak solar hours was equivalent to 18.74 MJ/m². Based on a daily energy requirement of 1400 Wh/day, the number of 180 Wp panels to be installed was determined to be 2. The tree structure was numerically analyzed using a finite element software in order to determine the stresses and deformations due to external loads and its own weight to guarantee its structural integrity. The featured design is a portable structure that can produce green energy and provide a meeting place at the Bajo Cauca headquarter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a comparative study resulting from the design and simulation of a system of prediction of climatic conditions using machine learning models, in which the results obtained when using a database of environmental conditions are compared with another database generated from the treatment of the data through the analysis by main components. In the first phase of the study, metadata is generated through the subspaces created with the analysis by main components, a second phase consists of developing a system of prediction of climatic conditions using several machine learning models, which will use as a resource the original data and metadata generated in the first phase of the study, in the final phase of the study, both results are compared with the aim of observing the behavior of solar radiation inference systems. The proposed data processing strategy allows to extract information from environmental databases facilitating interpretation and observation as a time series of data, additionally, it is possible to build an experimental frame of reference for the inference of solar radiation using different supervised learning techniques on the generated databases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El artículo tiene como objetivo caracterizar a la auditoría ambiental en los diferentes escenarios ejecutados por el equipo auditor de la Contraloría General, en las etapas estudiadas del control público en Cuba hasta el siglo XXI. Se concluye con el control público a las energías verdes por las formas de gestión que la implementan para mitigar la contaminación y alcanzar el desarrollo sostenible, al modificarse la matriz energética, en relación con los Objetivos del Milenio para el 2030, señalados por la CEPAL.

A energia solar fotovoltaica vem ganhando destaque no cenário mundial devido ao aumento das demandas energéticas e a busca de alternativas de energia limpa. Em razão dos problemas ambientais decorrentes do consumo de energia derivada de fontes poluentes e não renováveis, surge a necessidade de diversificar as matrizes energéticas. Dentro desse contexto, alguns municípios e empresas do Ceará já buscam ações para produção de energia limpa. Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar o sistema de energia fotovoltaica do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará - Campus Maracanaú e sua colaboração na redução da emissão de CO2. Para o cálculo da quantificação das emissões de CO2 evitadas a partir da instalação do sistema de energia fotovoltaica no Campus foi realizado o levantamento de dados in loco e utilizada a equação fornecida pelo Ministério de Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações e Comunicações (MCTIC). Verificou-se que, desde a sua instalação, que o sistema produziu uma potência de 48,67 MWh, gerando redução de emissões de CO2 de 20,07 toneladas de 2015 a 2020, equivalente ao que seria emitido em matrizes não renováveis. Conclui-se que o sistema contribui para uma redução significativa de CO2 no município e espera-se que este estudo seja referência para que gestores do setor público e privado invistam em alternativas que possam diversificar a matriz energética brasileira.

En este trabajo se presenta el diseño conceptual y de detalle de una estructura de metal que asemeja un árbol real con ramas, en cuya parte superior se ubican paneles solares fotovoltaicos. La energía generada será usada para cargar baterías de móviles, tabletas y computadoras portátiles de la comunidad universitaria de la seccional del Bajo Cauca de la Universidad de Antioquia, localizada en las coordenadas de latitud 7,990584° y longitud −75,193100°. Para el diseño del árbol, inicialmente, se realizó una estimación del recurso solar en la seccional, por lo que se estableció que el promedio anual de las horas solar pico fue equivalente a 18,74 MJ/m2. Con base en un requerimiento energético diario de 1400 Wh/día, se determinó que el número de paneles a instalarse de 180 Wp es de 2. La estructura del árbol fue analizada numéricamente utilizando un software de elementos finitos con el fin de determinar las tensiones y deformaciones debidas a las cargas externas y a su propio peso para garantizar su integridad estructural. El diseño presentado constituye una estructura portátil que puede producir energía verde y proporcionar un lugar de encuentro en la seccional del Bajo Cauca.

Este documento presenta el estudio y análisis de la eficiencia térmica y óptica de un colector de disco con motor Stirling ubicado en la ciudad de Armenia, Colombia, utilizado para producir energía eléctrica. Se realizó la implementación de un concentrador solar de disco parabólico de 65 cm de diámetro con un motor Stirling pequeño. Se realizaron pruebas semanales midiendo durante 5 meses los valores de la temperatura en el reflector, temperatura en el absorbedor, temperatura ambiente y la radiación solar entre las 9 am y las 3 pm. Se calculó la eficiencia térmica, óptica y la potencia generada por el colector. Asimismo, se desarrolló un sistema de seguimiento solar automático basado en actuadores lineales controlados por una tarjeta Arduino, con el fin de obtener una mayor concentración de la radiación incidente. La radiación solar promedio fue de 626 W/m2 y se obtuvo una eficiencia térmica promedio de 39,6% mientras que la eficiencia óptica fue del 33%, valores comparados con colectores de disco reportados en la literatura.

The Torres de Bellavista residential complex has 1,500 apartments, distributed in five towers of thirty floors each, a nine-story building for approximately 750 parking spaces and other community infrastructure. Given the dimensions of this set, it is presumed that electricity consumption entails high economic and environmental costs, so one way to solve this cost is the use of alternative, non-conventional methods of electricity generation, for this reason, it is proposed to design a photovoltaic system that allows partial supply of electricity to the common and administrative areas of the residential complex. The calculations of the components of the photovoltaic system were carried out using themethodology of theworstmonth, which consists of finding themonth in which the relationship between solar irradiation and electricity consumption makes it more difficult to satisfy the energy demand; When making the design under these conditions, itwill be guaranteed that the rest of the year an electricity supply greater than the month of the calculations will be achieved. This methodology made it possible to demonstrate that, with the installation of 100 photovoltaic solar panels distributed on the roofs of the 5 towers and connected to the supply network, it is possible to satisfy up to 27% of the energy demand of the common areas. To achieve the objective of this proposal, an initial investment of COP 220,453,967 must bemade, of which 50%must be financed by a bank. However, the investment can be recovered between 5 and 6 years after implementation, starting to generate returns for the rest of the estimated useful life of 25 years. The benefits of implementing this proposal are not only economic but also environmental, since it manages to reduce Greenhouse Gas-GHG emissions by 37.07 tCO2e for the first year of implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Utilization of solar energy for the fulfillment of daily routine tasks has gained a lot of interest in the recent past. The complete utilization can be accomplished only if proper solar data is available for a particular site. The measurement of solar data is expensive and time consuming. Different empirical correlations are available for the estimation of solar radiations on a particular site. In this research, monthly average daily solar radiation on horizontal surface is comparedwithmeasured data available as typicalmetrological year, TMY2, and estimated from the different solar models available for Karachi. The models studied are Ahmad models, Raja Models, Hargreaves Model and Black model. The estimation of different empirical correlations and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) predictions are compared with the measured values. The comparison was done by using statistical techniques like MAPE, MBE, RMSE and t-stats. The results revealed that Hargreaves model is the best model to estimate global radiation for Karachi with minimum value of t-stats while Raja 3 model is the most inappropriate model with highest value of MAPE, RMSE, MBE and t-stat. Overall, the already established empirical correlations can be used for the estimation of solar energy for Karachi for complete utilization of solar energy with minimum errors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar energy has been widely studied due to the sun being considered the most important source of renewable energy, at this time. The most promising opportunity for us is in modeling solar energy for different applications. This article shows a modified Angstrom model to estimate solar radiation in northwestern Mexico (southwest United States). The algorithm developed here for the prediction of solar radiation is based on the Angstrom model, along with a historical database and polynomial regression models. One of the final applications of the regression models is to simulate the performance of photovoltaic installations and solar collectors in the Ciudad Juárez region. This document presents the simulation of a polycrystalline cell applying the regression models of solar radiation obtained. Finally, we perform a statistical analysis between the estimated model and the reference data from the Mean Square Error (RMSE). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, the country seeks to meet the energy needs that are presented, mostly, by fossil fuels, which generates a high demand in the use of natural resources, since fossil fuels can create solid waste that affects ecosystems; It is observed that renewable energies are an alternative to the problem raised. Therefore, it is proposed to carry out an analysis of the temporal dynamics for solar energy in Quindío. The approach will be carried out through ARIMA time series of the potential of solar radiation that impacts on the Quindiano territory on a daily basis, in order to implement it in the generation of electricity through photovoltaic solar energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Mackenzie de Engenharia e Computação is the property of Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, Revista Mackenzie de Engenharia e Computacao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ingenius, Revista Ciencia y Tecnología is the property of Universidad Politecnica Salesiana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal Electrical Engineering / Revista de Ingenieri´a Ele´ctrica is the property of ECORFAN-Mexico S.C. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Técnica Energía is the property of Centro Nacional de Control de Energia CENACE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of the research was to carry out a modeling, design and simulation of photovoltaic solar micro-generation systems using MATLAB as a contribution from the Universidad Laica Eloy Alfaro de Manabí, to the formation of viable energy alternatives for the benefit of the Ecuadorian population. It was developed based on the quantitative approach, descriptive type supported by the feasible project modality, the modeling, design and simulation were built, which is presented in a mathematical descriptive phase and a simulation phase, displayed in the technological proposal section. By separately studying each element of the isolated photovoltaic solar system, its dynamic behavior has been deepened. In addition, it has allowed the design of a parameterizable tool or application according to the technical characteristics of each element of the system, allowing the simulation of photovoltaic solar systems incorporating real data on solar radiation and temperature of the physical site where the study is carried out.

resumo A organização burocrática do Estado obedece a uma lógica de fragmentação setorial, tal como na Academia o conhecimento tende a ser construído segundo recortes disciplinares. A especialização contribui para o melhor equacionamento de desafios, mas pode esbarrar no enfrentamento de problemas complexos que exijam maior integração. Políticas pública setoriais por vezes resultam em jogos de soma zero, quando em interação com outros eixos de intervenção. O presente estudo explora a ideia da integração de políticas sociais, econômicas e ambientais, em torno da questão energética, com foco na região semiárida do Nordeste brasileiro. A partir da abordagem Nexus (que integra as seguranças hídrica, energética e alimentar), que tem no recurso natural água seu eixo central, o estudo propõe a o fomento à geração de energia fotovoltaica por agricultores familiares, como forma de promover sinergias positivas das políticas social, ambiental e econômica.

El desierto de Atacama en el norte de Chile posee de las mayores tasas mundiales de radiación solar y alberga gran actividad minera, la cual ha activado importantes inversiones en plantas solares fotovoltaicas (FV) para suplir sus necesidades eléctricas. La introducción masiva de estas centrales tiene el propósito de alcanzar cerca de un 25% de la matriz nacional al año 2050. En este contexto, este trabajo presenta los resultados del efecto de la energía solar en el perfil ambiental, económico y social de la generación eléctrica en Chile considerando un escenario al año 2050, usando el enfoque de ciclo de vida, bajo condiciones de sequía por cambio climático. Los resultados muestran que las centrales FV contribuyen a reducir los impactos en calentamiento global, ecotoxicidad marina y potencial de eutrofización, dependencia a la importación, y toxicidad humana, mientras el costo eléctrico nivelado y costo total de capital presentan variaciones más discretas.

Amongst renewable energies, photovoltaic solar energy connected to the grid is of the ones that has major possibilities of integration to urban environment, where most of electrical demand is generated. In this article, we evaluate the technical possibilities of incorporating an on-grid connected photovoltaic system in an standard residential building of the City of Buenos Aires, for serving the common areas of it, considering options of power and orientation. According to our analysis, it would be feasible to feed common spaces of the building. From a technical point of view, it is necessary to evaluate: inclination, the more favorable orientations, and to perform shadow analysis in order to optimize the operation of the system. While the initial investment is a negative factor by now, costs are getting more and more competitive, as much as incipient lines of credit emerge and a cultural change is foreseen, with greater environmental commitment. Because of all those, we consider that in the near future this type of systems are likely to be implemented.

Los sistemas térmicos solares emplean radiación solar para calentar un fluido, generalmente, constan: de colectores solares que absorben la luz y cubierta de vidrio que protege la instalación y permite conservar el calor, produciendo un efecto invernadero. Según el propósito de uso y las condiciones del lugar pueden presentar modificaciones. Dichos sistemas pueden adaptarse en actividades como la agricultura, por ello, se implementó los sistemas térmicos solares activos forzados híbridos modificados, así como los sistemas pasivos autónomos en diferentes unidades productivas agrícolas y agroindustriales en la región Huetar Norte de Costa Rica. La instalación de estos sistemas se realizó a través de un programa local piloto, financiado por instituciones gubernamentales, desde el 2016 al 2019 para mejorar el proceso de secado de los productos agrícolas en comparación con los sistemas tradicionales. Se pretende que, con el uso de estos sistemas, se logre disminuir los gases de efecto invernadero, tanto a nivel local como global y que estos sistemas sean una alternativa de producción limpia que mejore la eficiencia energética de pequeños y medianos productores. Los sistemas híbridos forzados están equipados con registro de datos computarizados. Al más actual, se le diseñó y aplicó un suelo radiante, y al pasivo se le adicionó un sistema fotovoltaico de 1 K, el cual le da autonomía. Los resultados han permitido verificar que las unidades productivas beneficiadas mejoraron sus procesos productivos al reducir los tiempos de trabajo y al aumentar la eficiencia de los procesos, la calidad e inocuidad de sus productos.

El consumo energético asociado al sector de la industria representa el 38 % de la demanda de energía a nivel global, siendo un aspecto importante que marca el desarrollo de un país. En este sentido, es sumamente importante diversificar las distintas fuentes de energía e incorporar el uso de fuentes renovables de energía, como la solar, no solamente con la idea de asegurar el suministro energético, sino también considerando como elementos que permitan la reducción de las emisiones generadas por el uso de combustibles fósiles. El presente trabajo aborda las principales tecnologías de colectores solares que pueden ser incorporadas a distintos tipos de industrias, basado en experiencias e investigaciones en otros países. Sobre la base de esta revisión, se ha visto que una buena parte de las industrias a nivel mundial requieren temperaturas en sus procesos hasta los 250 °C, lo que hace idóneo el uso de esta tecnología. En función de cada industria, se podrán usar colectores solares de placa plana, de tubos de vacío, del tipo Fresnel o cilindro parabólicos. Por último, se detallan los ahorros asociados a algunas instalaciones y se abordan los desafíos relacionados con este sector.

En los últimos años se ha elevado el consumo energético derivado del uso de aparatos eléctricos para promover el movimiento de aire en regiones con climas cálidos, lo que ha traído como consecuencia un impacto negativo en el ambiente. En este trabajo se evalúa el desempeño de una chimenea solar utilizada para inducir la ventilación natural en un espacio cerrado, bajo las condiciones del clima cálido mexicano. Para tal efecto, se desarrollaron simulaciones CFD empleando el modelo de turbulencia RNG k- ɛ y el modelo de radiación DO, y considerando únicamente los fenómenos de convección natural. El desempeño de la chimenea solar se evaluó comparando los resultados de las simulaciones con mediciones experimentales; análisis que reveló una buena concordancia. Se obtuvieron temperaturas de hasta 46.5°C en el aire dentro de la chimenea y de 77.1°C en la placa de absorción; resultados que permiten verificar la influencia del fenómeno de descarga de calor por flotación natural del aire en la chimenea.

Se presenta la aplicación de una metodología de evaluación de la cinética de secado aplicada a un conjunto de medidas generadas secando productos regionales en un secador solar de flujo natural, que utiliza una chimenea para ayudar a impulsar el aire. Las experiencias se realizaron bajo radiación solar evaluada en la Costa Caribe de Colombia, flujo de aire impulsado por diferencia de densidad proporcionada para la diferencia de temperatura ocasionada por el calentamiento del secador. Se tomaron cuatro grupos de medidas con distintos productos: cerdo en filetes delgados, yuca en rodajas, mango verde y maduro en rodajas. En el presente trabajo se muestra el comportamiento del secado de productos regionales bajo una metodología de análisis: el denominado Índice de Performance del Secador (IPS). Los resultados de esta metodología aplicadas al análisis de los datos arrojados confirman que es apropiado evaluar bajo esta metodología.

Ante el reciente impulso de las energías renovables en la matriz argentina, en este trabajo se presentan y analizan los ejes de desarrollo y desafíos de la transición energética en San Juan. La provincia apuesta por una transición en base al desarrollo de parques fotovoltaicos, la generación distribuida, la experimentación en redes inteligentes y la fabricación de paneles solares. El estudio se pregunta por el predominio de la propiedad pública o privada, por las alianzas y disputas que se tejen en torno a estas iniciativas, partiendo de la hipótesis que la provincia ha encarado una renovación de la matriz a partir de la búsqueda del autoabastecimiento, pero posee ciertas condiciones para desarrollar sus capacidades de renovación tecno-energética asentadas en la fortaleza de sus firmas públicas y en su vínculo con el entramado de la sociedad civil.

The energy flows of the double skin, glass-glass façades have been analysed, establishing a mathematical model to determine the energy savings provided by this construction solution in 10 cities in Spain. It has been found that the two climatological variables that most influence energy savings are outdoor temperature, as it is directly related to the demand for heating, and solar irradiation, as it is the source of energy from which savings are extracted. Energy savings in winter vary between 11.1% and 20.5%, depending on the weather. A linear relationship between the annual average outdoor temperature and the useful energy provided by the double-skin façade has been determined. It was verified that the maximum energy saving occurs when the façade is offset a few degrees to the east from the pure south orientation. It deviates further east, the higher the annual average temperature. A linear relationship has been established between the outside temperature and the azimuth of the façade with which the maximum energy saving occurs. To obtain savings percentages greater than 20%, the ratio between the double-skin façade surface and the total heated surface of the building must be less than 7. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sob o ponto de vista da sustentabilidade, a atual transição energética rumo as fontes renováveis de energia deve atender, além dos predominantes critérios econômicos, critérios de relevância social e prudência ecológica. Dentro deste contexto, o presente artigo avalia a sustentabilidade do ciclo de vida de duas tecnologias solar fotovoltaica. Para isto, emprega a Avaliação da Sustentabilidade do Ciclo de Vida (ASCV) com o intuito de comparar os desempenhos ambiental, social e econômico de módulos fotovoltaicos monocristalino (mono-Si) e de filme fino de telureto de cádmio (CdTe), segundo um total de seis critérios, sendo um par atribuído a cada dimensão da sustentabilidade: qualidade do ecossistema, aquecimento global, longevidade e saúde humana, equidade intergeracional, período de retorno do investimento e custo nivelado de energia. Nesta análise, foram consideradas as etapas de extração e processamento de matérias-primas, produção de materiais, montagem dos módulos fotovoltaicos, atividades de transportes necessárias à importação, operação e fim de vida dos módulos fotovoltaicos. Segundo os resultados obtidos, a tecnologia de filme fino de CdTe se revelou como a opção de melhor desempenho em termos de sustentabilidade, sendo destaque nas dimensões ambiental e social. Por outro lado, a opção de mono-Si obteve um desempenho superior entre os critérios econômicos.

Este artículo presenta una investigación educativa realizada con el objetivo de generar información sobre el uso de la biblioteca digital SolarSPELL, como una estrategia de innovación educativa para la enseñanza del cambio climático en comunidades rurales de las islas Fiyi. SolarSPELL funciona con la energía que generan sus paneles solares y brinda acceso a través de su propia red wifi; además, ofrece una variedad de recursos educativos abiertos, seleccionados por su potencial para fortalecer las prácticas educativas y el logro de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible de la Agenda 2030. Con base en la pregunta de investigación se seleccionó un estudio de caso, pues permite estudiar con intensidad un fenómeno complejo en un corto periodo de tiempo y analizar el objeto de estudio en un contexto especifico. Se aplicó el instrumento DIAPASON en las bibliotecas comunitarias o escolares que participan en el programa piloto. En los resultados se observa que la SolarSPELL coadyuva a la transformación digital de las prácticas educativas y los bibliotecarios valoran poder contar con un mayor número de recursos bibliográficos sobre el cambio climático. En la actualidad, el proyecto “Escuelas que Aprenden Post COVID-19” retomó estos resultados para realizar un piloto en comunidades rurales de Chiapas, México. En los resultados se enfatiza la necesidad de que el bibliotecario del futuro incorpore a su labor acciones enfocadas a la mejora de la calidad de la educación y que permitan potencializar el desarrollo sostenible de sus comunidades, para mejorar el conocimiento colectivo y crear conciencia sobre este fenómeno.

La tecnología de energía solar, fuente de energía natural y gratuita, es implementada en lugares con acceso limitado a la energía eléctrica tradicional, en algunos casos en el ámbito agrícola o en pequeños asentamientos humanos rurales. Actualmente, los sistemas comerciales, incluyen una unidad de control de carga con una pequeña pantalla, con la finalidad de mostrar el voltaje generado, pero desafortunadamente el operario debe de acudir hasta el controlador para revisar su desempeño, por lo que es necesario tener una herramienta que permita conocer la conversión energética en tiempo real de manera remota. Esto se puede lograr haciendo uso de la tecnología del internet de las cosas (IoT). En la actualidad existen diversas plataformas IoT; algunas son gratuitas, otras son versiones demostrativas o de paga. Método: En el presente trabajo se desarrolló un prototipo con un sistema de monitoreo de voltaje e intensidad luminosa de una pequeña celda solar y un sensor digital TSL2561. Se utilizó el entorno de programación de Arduino acoplado a una plataforma (IoT) myDevices Cayenne para poder transmitir y acceder a los datos de manera remota. Resultados: Con la integración de los componentes se logró monitorear en la plataforma myDevices Cayenne en tiempo real el voltaje de la celda solar y la intensidad luminosa del entorno de una manera visual e intuitiva, desde cualquier computadora o teléfono celular con acceso a internet. Discusión: La plataforma de IoT myDevices Cayenne se convierte en una opción atractiva, accesible, robusta y fácil de usar en el desarrollo de proyectos novedosos con IoT aplicados a diferentes sectores de importancia económica.

This work addresses the methodology to determine the exact concentration ratio (CR) for a parabolic solar concentrator (PSC) using thermographic imaging. The value of CR is commonly given in terms of the area of the receiver and not in terms of the area of the image produced by the concentrator on the receiver surface. With thermographic analysis, it is possible to know the real image generated by the PSC on the receiver, which helps to have a precise calculation of CR. It is important to measure the real CR not only for manufacturing purposes but also for the maintenance of solar concentrators, since its miscalculation lowers their energy efficiency or lifespan. In experiments, the real image on the receiver is divided into 4 regions, stratified with an equal temperature difference for each one. With this consideration, CR varied from 20 to 151. To complete the analysis, the energy efficiency is calculated. Since heating is a non-stationary process, thermal efficiency fluctuated during the time of experimentation, having a peak of 25% and a mean value of 15.3%. The irregularities of curvature in the concentrators significantly deteriorate the uniformity of the radiation flux and the energy efficiency due to unused areas of concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid growth of the renewable energy market has provoked pressing challenges because of the significant financial resources required, highlighting the need for marketing of the electricity sector. The role of brand identity influences on customer image that affects demand changes and financial resources used by SMEs in the electricity sector. This paper presents a dynamic model-based analysis to understand better the role of brand identity in creating value in SMEs. The simulation model aims to assess alternative strategies of brand identity to support SMEs in the electricity sector to promote efficiently value creation. Simulation results show that the high customer value perception allows aligning the electricity utility industry to create more value. This dynamic perspective presents a new point of view that contributes to managers and policymakers in analysing the relationships of stakeholders. Thus, the paper will give some insights on the design of an alternative business model based on non-conventional renewable energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Off-grid Photovoltaic (PV) system along with battery storage is very effective solution for electrification in remote areas. However, battery capacity selection is the most challenging task in system designing. In this study, an off-grid PV system along with battery storage is designed for the remote area of Karachi, Pakistan. The system is designed by considering the maximum energy requirement in summer season. The battery storage is selected to fulfill the energy demand during the night and cloudy seasons. On the basis of load, a total of 6 kWsystem is required to fulfill the energy demand. For such system, 925 Ah of battery is required to meet the energy requirement for a day in absence of solar irradiation. A regression-based correlation between battery capacity and energy demand is prepared for suitable battery sizing usingMinitab. An economic analysis of the project is also carried out from which a net present value and simple payback are determined as USD 10,348 and 3 years, respectively. The environmental benefits are also been determined. It is found that the system will reduce around 7:32 tons of CO2 per annum which corresponds to the 183.69 tons of CO2 not produced in the entire project life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The commissioning of new plants is a fundamental part of the energy production process, the objective of this article is to present a methodology that allows Improving the Commissioning of wind and solar photovoltaic plants, for this the ISO 55000: 2014 and ISO 14224 standards were taken: 2016 and this results in a four-phase methodology: Phase 1: ISO 14224 Taxonomy Standard. Phase 2: ISO 31000 Standard Criticality. Phase 3: RCM (Reliability Centred Maintenance) Methodology. Phase 4: Contributions of the phases to the requirements of the ISO 55001 standard. It is concluded that by applying this methodology the commissioning of wind and solar photovoltaic plants is improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Opuntia Brava is the property of Universidad de Ciencias Pedagogicas de Las Tunas, Centro de Documentacion e Informacion Pedagogica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Investigación e Innovación en Ingenierías is the property of Universidad Simon Bolivar and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Fuentes, El Reventón Energético is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Jurídica (0103-3506) is the property of Revista Juridica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

An optical system has been developed to measure the atmospheric extinction of solar radiation. The system applies optical imaging and image processing to obtain scientific information of interest. The system contributes to making solar concentration technology more efficient, helping to combat climate change. Future solar tower plants will have higher power and greater heliostats-central receiver distances, making important the atmospheric extinction of solar radiation effect. Until now, the extinction had been determined with unrealistic parametric models. Therefore, a procedure for measuring extinction based on an optical system has been developed. Simulations and calculations with radiative transfer codes were carried out to estimate the extinction levels expected. Based on these levels, the optical measurement system was developed. The system consists of two identical high-resolution digital cameras foccused at a Lambertian target at different distances taking simultaneous images. These images are converted into matrices with numerical values and after a series of complex operations the extinguished solar radiation is obtained. The daily extinction measured has been monitored for the first time in the control panel of a tower plant operating room with the rest of the meteorological control variables for the daily operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scarcity of water arising from climatic conditions of semi-arid Paraiba has forced many rural families to consume poor quality water, which has contributed to the increase in cases of waterborne diseases. In view of this problem, the objective was to examine how the use of solar distillers can provide the production of drinking water, and assess the socio-economic and environmental benefits from the use of this technology. After the studies, it was observed that solar distillers are a low economic cost technology, easy social diffusion, uses solar energy (clean, renewable), and are able to provide drinking water to meet the water demands of families living with the shortage of water in semi-arid regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seeking to contribute to the advancement of sustainability research in the supply chain in Brazil, it is necessary to carry out studies with a solid contribution to local development. Therefore, with an emphasis on renewable energies, the objective of this study is to identify how sustainability has been introduced in the solar energy supply chain in Ceará, using the research elements of Beske and Seuring (2014). Therefore, qualitative research was developed with three different dyads, considered here as a unit of analysis. Interviews were conducted with suppliers, customers, and non-traditional actors, in addition to an analysis structured into five categories: guidance, continuity, collaboration, risk management, and pro-activity. In general, it was noted that most focus companies demonstrate an understanding of the meaning of sustainability; however, there is a weak relationship between members of the supply chain, which shows that sustainability strategies are not well defined. The research advances in the contextualization of sustainability for the study of the supply chain in Brazil, showing that (1) there are limits in the application of international models that deal with the subject, and (2) the solar energy sector should drive the introduction of sustainability through more effective actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the heating of the fluid, it decrease its density and thus becomes lighter. That is why a flow of hot fluid appears that rises through the tube towards the storage tank. At the same moment the cold fluid descends and thus a natural circulation of the fluid is established. In this work, a relationship is obtained to determine the flow based on the different variables involved in the process. From this, the influence of the angle of inclination and the length diameter relationship of the tube is obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetivo: Evaluar la viabilidad de la aplicación de la electromovilidad náutica en diferentes escenarios de la ciudad, determinando cargas ambientales y proponiendo soluciones energéticas. Metodología: Se comparó el uso de motores eléctricos de 8 HP con 2 baterías y el motor de gasolina convencional de 2 tiempos y 15 HP, en su uso en transporte de pasajeros entre Cartagena y la isla de Tierra bomba, mediante la metodología de Análisis de Ciclo de Vida, utilizando 10 indicadores ambientales. Resultados: Se presentó la comparación en términos carga ambiental por pasajero, por kilómetro y por trayecto para el transporte de personas en la zona de estudio. Además se determinó la viabilidad de la utilización de motores eléctricos en los trayectos estudiados, teniendo en cuenta también la implementación de una estación de carga fotovoltaica y un sistema híbrido para la obtención de energía eléctrica. Conclusiones: Se aportó al sector químico y a la comunidad científica una estructura de evaluación de la eficiencia financiera y de ventas apoyada en Seis Sigma.

Resumen El presente trabajo, se basó en el desarrollo de una actividad de investigación y responsabilidad social con el fin de promover el consumo energético responsable y el desarrollo sostenible. Para la presente actividad se investigó el consumo de la energía eléctrica de un domicilio en un mes, el mismo que fue sustentado por la teoría de la electricidad realizada en clases de Física que se dicta en la Universidad Andina del Cusco, reforzada con fuentes bibliográficas. Por medio de tablas y recurriendo a la teoría, se determinó el consumo de energía, procediéndose luego, a la comparación del mismo con el total a pagar que se presenta en el recibo de luz de la empresa que suministra la energía eléctrica. Finalmente, se aportaron sugerencias para disminuir este consumo energético en los domicilios en general; además de evaluar las oportunidades que nos podría brindar la energía solar.

O Brasil passa por uma crise no seu sistema de abastecimento energético, o que faz com que todos os setores da sociedade tenham de buscar por fontes alternativas de energia, principalmente limpas e renováveis, para suprirem as demandas atuais e futuras. Na busca de uma nova solução para o problema e com o objetivo de verificar a viabilidade do uso da energia solar fotovoltaica para o abastecimento das residências do Programa “Minha Casa, Minha Vida”, em suas faixas 2 e 3, foi realizado um estudo sobre os pontos positivos e negativos da implantação dessa modalidade de geração de energia dentro das faixas do programa. Foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa, explicativa, com mais de 1.500 entrevistados cujo objetivo era verificar se a população possui conhecimento e incentiva as ações de sustentabilidade, energia fotovoltaica e incentivos indiretos destas ações das construtoras em seus empreendimentos imobiliários. Com base nos dados coletados, foi possível verificar que há viabilidade em se implantar nos empreendimentos a geração de energia fotovoltaica, haja visto que as construtoras pioneiras no processo terão um retorno positivo, além de seus clientes, o meio ambiente e a matriz energética brasileira. Atualmente, no país, apenas uma construtora realiza a implantação de sistema fotovoltaico e ações de sustentabilidade no programa de habitação popular “Minha Casa, Minha Vida”, desta forma, será estudado apenas esta construtora.

Ante las necesidades de aumentar los índices de cobertura eléctrica, generar medidas para la adaptación al cambio climático y diversificar la matriz energética de los países, se han desarrollado diversos estudios para establecer la complementariedad entre recursos energéticos. En este sentido, este documento presenta una revisión bibliográfica de algunas regiones a nivel mundial, para evidenciar las iniciativas investigativas alrededor del estudio de la complementariedad energética. Esta revisión incluye estudios que, además de establecer la complementariedad entre recursos solares, eólicos e hídricos, incluyen demanda, precios de electricidad, etcétera. De los resultados obtenidos se destaca que, si bien diversos estudios realizados en todo el mundo han demostrado que la mayor parte de la producción de sistemas de energía renovable presenta una naturaleza variable y, en parte, impredecible, hacer uso de más de un tipo de energía renovable mejora el rendimiento de estos sistemas, disminuye las fluctuaciones en la generación y aumenta la confiabilidad del sistema. Asimismo, se encuentra que el método más utilizado para la evaluación de complementariedad energética es el factor de correlación. Otros métodos incluyen simulaciones, aplicación de modelos y algoritmos de optimización. La información insumo para la realización de estos estudios proviene de los registros de los sistemas eléctricos de potencia de los países, de la aplicación de modelos de predicción meteorológica, de datos climatológicos históricos procedentes de satélites o de mediciones de estaciones meteorológicas, entre otros. Para Colombia se observan oportunidades de generar conocimiento alrededor de la complementariedad de los recursos energéticos.

Este trabalho apresenta a análise da viabilidade econômico-financeira na instalação de um sistema de energia solar fotovoltaica nas Organizações Militares do Exército Brasileiro localizadas na cidade de Santa Maria (RS). Dentre os objetivos do trabalho estão a análise dos indicadores obtidos pelos métodos de viabilidade de projetos e a estimativa de tempo de retorno do investimento. Para a aplicação da viabilidade levantou-se os valores com o gasto de energia elétrica em tais organizações nos meses de agosto de 2015 a julho de 2016, os métodos aplicados compreendem Payback simples, Payback descontado, taxa interna de retorno (TIR) e valor presente líquido (VPL). Nas projeções de fluxo de caixa e demonstrativos de resultado verificou-se que os investimentos são atraentes. Através da TIR e VPL foi possível constatar que os projetos terão retorno significativo. Com base no Payback simples as instalações se mostram viáveis. Já com o Payback descontado o projeto de menor valor inicial não se mostrou exequível, pois o tempo de retorno foi praticamente o mesmo do período considerado para investimento. Entretanto, levando em consideração a preservação, a proteção e a melhoria da qualidade ambiental, bem como Política de Gestão Ambiental do Exército Brasileiro, a implantação dos projetos é extremamente relevante.