Search

The COVID-19 pandemic covers a period of quite challenging and various problems for nurses. During the pandemic, most nurses could not spend enough time with their families and social circles and faced death. It is not known whether nurses received adequate social support and the level of fear of death after the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we aimed to examine the perceived social support and fear of death felt by nurses after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study is descriptive and correlational. We conducted this study with the participation of n = 411 nurses working in a city hospital in Istanbul. We used the personal information form, Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale and The Turkish Death Anxiety Scale for data collection. We used descriptive statistical methods, Paired sample t test, one way analysis of variance (ANOVA), PostHoc and Pearson correlation tests for data analysis. In this study, 52.1% of the nurses were male, 39.2% lived alone with their children, and 75.5% had cared for COVID-19 patients for more than 2 years in the hospital. Among the nurses, 75.9% worked only during the day. In this study, the perception of social support was higher in nurses who were male, married and chose their profession voluntarily (p <.05). In our study, nurses who had a master's degree or higher level of education, lived with family members, worked with mixed day and night work, and had received COVID-19 vaccine had a higher fear of death. In our study, we found a correlation between perception of social support and fear of death. Fear of death should be reduced to protect psychological and mental health among nurses after the COVID-19 pandemic. For this, improving social support may be appropriate. Various psychotherapeutic interventions are needed to decrease the fear of death. • After the COVID-19 pandemic, nurses may feel a fear of death. • The high level of social support perceived by nurses may have a positive effect. • Social support and fear of death are inversely related. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores Hu Shih's novel, The Suchness Island, and its impact on literary ethics. The author argues that Hu critiques superstitions and idolatry associated with tradition, emphasizing the importance of overcoming superstition for societal progress. The novel reflects Hu's atheistic beliefs and his desire to challenge superstition and bring about social change through science and reason. Written in vernacular Chinese, the novel depicts characters who challenge and criticize superstition, reflecting the changing landscape of Chinese society at the time. The article also discusses Hu's background and his involvement in the Jingye Society, which influenced his thoughts and writings. Overall, The Suchness Island is significant in understanding Hu's early writings and his role as an intellectual pioneer in China's modernization. [Extracted from the article]

This research article analyzes two collections of flash fiction including Fullblood Arabian (2014) and The Teeth of the Comb and Other Stories (2017) written by Osama Alomar, a Syrian refugee author. Guided by the theoretical framework of necropolitics as proposed by Achille Mbembe, this article investigates the constant presence of death and its multifaceted role in the wake of the Syrian civil war as portrayed in Alomar's selected collections of flash fiction. The article attempts to study how death becomes an instrument in the civil war, widely used, manipulated, and exploited by various actors during the conflict-ridden period, each employing it differently. Although the selected collections of flash fiction demonstrate that death takes on many forms and performs multiple functions in the backdrop of the Syrian civil war, this research article narrows its scope to the analysis of how death is used as a political pawn and a political statement. At the outset of this research, it is postulated that the ruling Syrian regime transforms death and its fear into an instrument to intimidate and subdue Syrian civilian characters, thereby downplaying death as merely a political pawn. On the contrary, death also emerges as a political statement of the Syrian civilian characters as they begin to embrace death as a form of political activism to bring about social and political change in Syria. Invoking Catherine Belsey's textual analysis method, some flash fiction stories from the selected collections are analyzed to study how the ruling Syrian regime and civilian characters reconfigure death in the wake of the Syrian civil war. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This systematic review aims to investigate the literature on the relationship between time perspective and death anxiety in the elderly population. Time perspective is a fundamental process by which the flow of personal experiences is categorized into temporal dimensions, while death anxiety refers to the fear associated with the inevitability of death. The review systematically assesses and critically discusses the literature on time perspective and death anxiety and highlights the implications for future research and practice. A comprehensive search of relevant databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct) was conducted to identify quantitative studies published up to date in this review. The initial search yielded a considerable number of studies (N=401). After applying rigorous inclusion criteria, a final selection of studies (N=5) was examined in detail. Results of our systematic review show that time perspective is related to death anxiety in some circumstances, but extensive research is needed to explore this relationship. Future research efforts should focusonrefining assessmentmethodologies fromtimeperspective andinvestigating potential interventions that can alleviate death anxiety among the elderly population. Understanding the interplay between time perspective and death anxiety may hold valuable implications for mental health interventions and geriatric care, promoting enhanced well-being and psychological resilience in later life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Islamic ethics, it is very important to pay attention to the spiritual dimension of man and the role of moral vices in jeopardizing mental health. In this regard, Islamic sages have divided the existential powers of man to treat moral vices and stated the rule of reason over other powers of the soul as a criterion for mental health. They refer to moral virtues as values that are essential for mental health. Islamic sages have proposed solutions for the treatment of moral diseases, among them: modification of attitude, spiritual explanations, and treatment based on the tendency to virtue versus moral vice. Considering that in Islamic ethics moral vices are mentioned as psychological diseases and methods for their treatment are stated, these methods can be used in the treatment of psychological disorders as well. Our goal in this research is to provide guidance for developing a native Islamic model based on the role of Islamic virtue ethics in CBT and Logotherapy, which are two important theories in contemporary psychotherapy, considering the multidimensional nature of human beings and the influence of these dimensions on each other.

Background. The study relevance is due to the need of expanding approaches to the prevention of maladaptive forms of adolescent behavior. Objective: to find out and consider the features of concepts of death in younger and older adolescence on the basis of analysis of domestic and foreign research. Results. The study considered the cognitive, emotional, and motivational-behavioral components of the adolescents’ ideas of death. It is shown that in the process of becoming a teenager, the cognitive component undergoes certain changes from understanding death as a transition to a different state to realizing the absolute finiteness of existence. At the same time, changes in the value-semantic sphere become of particular importance, when, maintaining the fear of death as the content of emotional component, the hedonistic type of attitude to life comes to the fore, focusing on the feelings of significance and value of life. A mature understanding and attitude to death includes the awareness of irreversibility of the cessation of the body and psyche functioning, the universality and causality of this process. Conclusion. Ideas about death develop with age and differ significantly in younger and older adolescence. The “maturation” of the death concept, awareness of the relationship between life and death is accompanied by the experience of an existential crisis and, as a result, can become a prerequisite for the formation of maladaptive (auto-aggressive) forms of behavior.

This paper estimated the impact of intervention effects (state of emergency (SOE) or quasi-SOE requirements) and information effects (publicized increases in the number of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) deaths and fear of infection) on preventive behaviors and telecommuting during the COVID-19 pandemic using the Japan Household Panel Survey. Our results indicated that SOEs and quasi-SOEs had positive effects on the adoption of preventive behaviors among individuals, including handwashing, which indicates that an SOE has a direct effect and an indirect effect. Although SOEs in Japan were less enforceable and more lenient than those in other countries, they still had a certain effect on people's adoption of preventive behaviors. However, the contribution of information effects was much larger than that of intervention effects, suggesting the importance of how and when information should be communicated to the public to prevent the spread of infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: End-of-life (EOL) communication is often avoided, especially among young adults. Negative expectations concerning EOL conversations with relatives or significant others are one major reason. Objective: To investigate how best to violate negative expectations concerning EOL conversations by identifying predictors of coping with expectation violations in this context. Methods: Vignettes describing expectation violations in the context of EOL communication were presented to a sample of 261 university students. In a first experiment, the credibility of the expectation-disconfirming information was manipulated. In a second experiment, the valence of the disconfirming evidence was manipulated. As outcome measures, the subjective likelihood of two different responses to the expectation violation was assessed: (1) ignoring the disconfirming evidence (immunization) and (2) changing expectations (accommodation). Results: Overall, participants experiencing a worse-than-expected event showed more immunization [F(1, 257) = 12.15, p < 0.001, ηp = 0.05], while participants experiencing a better-than-expected event showed more accommodation [F(1, 257) = 30.98, p < 0.001, ηp = 0.11]. Participants with higher fear of death [F(1, 257) = 12.24, p < 0.001, ηp = 0.05] as well as higher death avoidance tendencies [F(1, 257) = 17.16, p < 0.001, ηp = 0.06] showed less accommodation in response to a better-than-expected event. Conclusion: In general, young adults appear to update their expectations quickly in response to unexpectedly positive experiences in the context of EOL communication. However, individuals with higher fear of death and higher death avoidance tendencies appear to be at higher risk of maintaining negative expectations despite disconfirming evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This descriptive correlational study aimed relationship of death anxiety with loneliness and psychological well-being in the elderly living in a nursing home. The study was conducted on the elderly living in a nursing home in Istanbul, Turkey, between November 2021-February 2022. The study sample included 165 nursing home residents. The Sociodemographic Characteristics Form, Death Anxiety Scale (DAS), Loneliness Scale for the Elderly (LSE) and Psychological Well-Being Scale were used as data collection tools. The elderly participants obtained a mean score of 6.10 ± 3.50 from DAS, a mean score of 9.01 ± 4.08 from LSE, and a mean score of 38.97 ± 10.05 from Psychological Well-Being Scale. When death anxiety scale mean score of the elderly was compared with their mean scores of loneliness scale and psychological well-being scale, a weak and negative correlation was determined between psychological well-being and loneliness (p < 0.001). As the mean score of psychological well-being scale increases, loneliness scale mean score decreases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using cross‐sectional data from N = 4274 young adults across 16 countries during the COVID‐19 pandemic, we examined the cross‐cultural measurement invariance of the perceived vulnerability to disease (PVD) scale and tested the hypothesis that the association between PVD and fear of COVID‐19 is stronger under high disease threat [that is, absence of COVID‐19 vaccination, living in a country with lower Human Development Index (HDI) or higher COVID‐19 mortality]. Results supported a bi‐factor Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling model where items loaded on a global PVD factor, and on the sub‐factors of Perceived Infectability and Germ Aversion. However, cross‐national invariance could only be obtained on the configural level with a reduced version of the PVD scale (PVD‐r), suggesting that the concept of PVD may vary across nations. Moreover, higher PVD‐r was consistently associated with greater fear of COVID‐19 across all levels of disease threat, but this association was especially pronounced among individuals with a COVID‐19 vaccine, and in contexts where COVID‐19 mortality was high. The present research brought clarity into the dimensionality of the PVD measure, discussed its suitability and limitations for cross‐cultural research, and highlighted the pandemic‐related conditions under which higher PVD is most likely to go along with psychologically maladaptive outcomes, such as fear of COVID‐19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Many factors such as personal and cultural beliefs, misinformation, fear of death and inadequate will registering procedures can influence post‐mortem organ donation. The present study aimed to explore the perceptions, beliefs and information around post‐mortem donation and will expression in different groups of the Italian population, to orient future interventions and raise awareness. Design: Qualitative research with focus groups. Methods: A total of 38 focus groups involving 353 participants including the general population (young adults: 18–39, mature adults: 40–70), local and hospital health professionals, critical area health professionals (emergency room and intensive care), registry office employees and opinion leaders, were conducted in six regions from different parts of Italy between June and November 2021. Thematic analysis was conducted with the use of Atlas.ti9. Results: Five overarching themes were identified: dilemmas regarding donation, resistance to donation, facilitators of donation, difficulties in terms of will expression and proposals to encourage will expression. Possible facilitators were having personal and professional experiences with organ donation, feeling useful for society, having reliable information and trust in the health care system. Potential barriers to donation were doubts and fears about brain death, bodily integrity concerns, religious beliefs, misinformation and distrust in the health care system. Conclusions: These results highlighted the significance of a bottom‐up perspective with regard to identifying the personal perceptions and beliefs with regard to donation, underlining the urgency of creating tailored interventions to sensitize different groups of the population in terms of promoting an informed choice and a culture of donation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Islamic ethics, it is very important to pay attention to the spiritual dimension of man and the role of moral vices in jeopardizing mental health. In this regard, Islamic sages have divided the existential powers of man to treat moral vices and stated the rule of reason over other powers of the soul as a criterion for mental health. They refer to moral virtues as values that are essential for mental health. Islamic sages have proposed solutions for the treatment of moral diseases, among them: modification of attitude, spiritual explanations, and treatment based on the tendency to virtue versus moral vice. Considering that in Islamic ethics moral vices are mentioned as psychological diseases and methods for their treatment are stated, these methods can be used in the treatment of psychological disorders as well. Our goal in this research is to provide guidance for developing a native Islamic model based on the role of Islamic virtue ethics in CBT and Logotherapy, which are two important theories in contemporary psychotherapy, considering the multidimensional nature of human beings and the influence of these dimensions on each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & Aims Due to the effects of COVID-9, health care workers, including nurses, faced many psychological challenges, including death anxiety. This study aims to determine the death anxiety level of nurses working in the intensive care units (ICUs) for COVID-19 patients in hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2020. Materials & Methods This is a descriptive cross-sectional study that was conducted on 179 nurses working in the ICUs for COVID-19 patients in two hospitals located in Tehran and Qom cities. Continuous sampling method was used for their selection. Data collection was done using a demographic form and Templer's 15-item death anxiety scale. Results The mean death anxiety score of nurses was 8.74±2.007 out of 15, which is higher than the median score (i.e., 7.5). The results of one-way analysis of variance showed that the death anxiety score was significantly different between nurses only in terms of age (P=0.000). Tukey's post hoc test showed that the mean DAS score in nurses aged 30-39 was lower than in nurses aged ≥40 years and <30 years. There was no statistically significant difference in death anxiety between nurses in terms of other demographic factors (P>0.05). Conclusion The nurses working in ICUs experienced a high level of death anxiety during the COVID-19 in Iran. It is necessary that the policy makers and educational, medical or hospital managers develop educational and interventional programs including online in-service programs or educational booklets to help nurses overcome the COVID-19-related conditions [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human life has always been understood as an inner tension between the mortality of the human body and the desire of the soul to attain immortality. The tension between mortality and immortality has reached new dimensions with the developments in medicine, technology and artificial intelligence that have the potential to extend our lives in many ways. In this paper, the authors first present a philosophical consideration of the body, which has often been seen as the prison of the soul, and then the modern quest for immortality. In the fourth chapter, they present the good news of Christianity, which is, among other things, that the body enables human beings to live their life in integral relationships and fulfil their vocations, and then the Christian understanding of immortality. They conclude by pointing to the new questions raised by the immense investment in the development of technology, especially artificial intelligence, which deep down is an expression of man’s desire for immortal life. At the same time, they point out that man can overcome his fear of death and discern multiple ways to avoid it if he is willing to accept death as an integral part of his life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building upon past findings on terrorism and individual-level politically conservative self-identification, I evaluate the effect of terrorism mortality reminders on conservative self-placement with three survey experiments, using non-representative Facebook samples in Turkey (2018, 2020). The scant existing experimental findings outside the usual Northwestern European and North American environment make it difficult to assess how the context (e.g., the longevity and diversity of terrorism problems in a country) can explain the alignment between terrorism threats and conservatism. In non-Western areas such as Turkey, with various types of terrorism over time, the link between terrorism threat and conservatism may remain uniform. However, the fear of death in a terrorist attack elicited by the terrorism mortality salience would create psychological strain and make individuals suppress terrorism-related death-thoughts by moving away from conservatism, reminding them of the human body's vulnerability to threats and igniting fearfulness. Using the Terror Management Theory perspective, this study explored the causal mechanism running from terrorism mortality reminder to terrorism mortality fear to conservative self-identification. In all three studies, conservatism decreased when the respondents felt fearful of terrorism mortality and the treated respondents became more conservative if the terrorism mortality fear was kept at its average value (as a covariate). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has sparked new perceptions of death—dying has lost its disinterestedness and transpired to be a site of cultural, existential and political struggles, despite efforts to shelve the idea of an unavoidable death from everyday life. Moroccan media, in particular, has centered its focus on mass burials, over-crowded hospitals and spiraling death rates to amplify citizens' fear of death and thereby coerce them to stay at home in concert with the WHO guidelines. Given their physical and emotional proximity to the virus, this article zooms in on semi-structured narrative interviews with COVID-19 patients from Fez, Morocco, to analyze the implication of their pre-, during- and post-contamination experiences on the novel perceptions of death and dying. It arrives at a pivotal result: the return of symbolic immortality upon recovery when ex-patients become heroes who have succeeded in sidestepping the horror that the media worked untiringly to convey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fears related to death and darkness are common during adolescence. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the association between these two types of fear, considering trait-anxiety and gender differences. A total of 171 16–18 years old adolescents (99 girls and 72 boys) completed paper-and-pencil questionnaires (Intensity of Fear of the Dark Scale, Multidimensional Fear of Death Scale, Spielberger Trait-State Anxiety Inventory – Trait version). According to our results, girls had higher levels of fear and anxiety than boys. Fear for significant others was the most intensively feared aspect of fear of death among both genders. Fear of the dark was associated with fear of death and trait anxiety, and the effect of trait anxiety on fear of the dark was partially mediated by fear of death. These results underline the symbolic association between fear of the dark and fear of death and have possible treatment implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the analysis of the ghazal with “duymasın” repeated voice in the divan of Yenişehirli Avnî, one of the important poets of the 19th century in Classical Turkish Literature, has been subject within the framework of psychoanalytic literary theory. In the study, which was carried out independently of traditional commentary methods, the aforementioned ghazal was examined by considering two different perspectives within the framework of “viewing the work from the artist within the framework of psychoanalytic literary theory” and “viewing the artist from the work within the framework of psychoanalytic literary theory.” As a result of the examination, the reflections of the elements known to us about the life of the poet in Avnî’s ghazal with the “duymasın” repeated voice and the elements we have determined about the poet based on the ghazal in question have been revealed. In this context, the “reflections of the poet’s stuttering in the ghazal”, “reflections of the poet’s bodily weakness in the ghazal”, “reflections of the desire to escape from oneself/numbness in the ghazal”, “reflections of contradictions and paradoxes in the ghazal” and “reflections of the fear of death in the ghazal” were determined and examined under the aforementioned titles by exemplifying. As a result, it is thought that this study will contribute to the field of Old Turkish Literature in terms of determining and evaluating the reflection of the elements of divan literature poets' lives on their poems within the framework of psychoanalytic literature theory and the method followed in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Homelessness remains a significant public health issue across the United States, particularly in urban areas. Individuals become and remain homeless for multifaceted and complex reasons that are linked to well-being. The aim of this study was to understand the well-being of persons experiencing homelessness (PEH) and living in tent camps using Aaron Antonovsky’s salutogenic model of health (SMH). To address well-being, we conducted a basic qualitative study with thirty adults over age 18 who self-identified as homeless and living in tent camps within the city of Minneapolis. With a semi-structured interview guide that centered on the SMH, we analyzed data using Johnny Saldaña’s qualitative coding method. Sources of stress themes, including (1) “family trauma” (depression/trauma related to the death of a loved one and drugs, imprisonment, and abuse), (2) “mental health” (depression/trauma related to the death of a loved one, loneliness living in tent camps, substance use, mental illness), and (3) “change and threats” (constant fear of aggression, lack of stability of the tent camp, bad people causing problems, cliques in the camp). Themes of general resistance (GRRs) resources (coping with stress), or GRRs emerged, including (1) “systems knowledge,” (2) “coping strategies,” (3) “sense of community,” (4) “camp stability,” and (5) “human dignity” emerged during data collection and analysis. These findings can inform policy decisions related to increasing services to exit homelessness, funding for sustainable tent camps, and sweeps of tent camps in the city of Minneapolis and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Electronic Turkish Studies is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Ege University Nursing Faculty (JEUNF) is the property of Journal of Ege University Nursing Faculty (JEUNF) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Van Health Sciences Journal / Van Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Van Yuzuncu Yil University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This document, titled "Gödel's Last Loop," discusses the deaths of two prominent logicians, Kurt Gödel and Gerhard Gentzen. Gentzen died of starvation in a prison on August 4, 1945, while Gödel, who suffered from paranoia and anorexia, starved himself to death. The author suggests that Gödel's fear of being poisoned may have contributed to his anorexia. The document also mentions Gödel's significant scientific achievements, such as his work on undecidable propositions and his solutions to Einstein's field equations. The document concludes by noting that Gödel's death occurred on a Saturday, exactly 1693 weeks after Gentzen's death, which the author suggests may have been significant to Gödel. [Extracted from the article]

After death communications(ADCs) are defined as perceived spontaneous contacts with living individuals by the deceased. This research presents on a subset of data from a recent large international survey of individuals who experienced ADCs and provided systematic information regarding these experiences. In our research we explore the impact of having an ADC on reported spirituality, religiosity, beliefs and attitudes about death and dying and also explore the moderating factors of this impact. We found that having an ADC was perceived as a positive life experience and that it was associated with a reduction in fear of death, belief in life after death and that the deceased could communicate with the living, and increased reported spirituality. Moderating factors include aspects of having or desiring physical contact with the deceased as well as perceiving some emotional reaction to the ADCs. Future directions for research exploration are also provided based on our findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Death is a common existential concern, and fear of death is widespread at subclinical levels. Near-death experiences (NDEs) are profound mystical experiences that may occur close to death, and they are usually followed by dramatic reductions in fear of death. The content of these experiences varies in each case, but NDEs tend to have common features among individuals and across cultures. While many studies using different tools to measure fear of death and death anxiety have documented their reduction after NDEs, we do not know the influence of specific NDE features on this effect. This research presents statistical correlations between features of NDEs and post-experience death attitudes, both negative and positive. We found that encountering mystical beings and having a life review during one's NDE are the strongest predictors of reduced fear of death. Contrary to theoretical predictions, a sense of disembodiment is not associated with change in death attitudes. These findings can be used to design interventions aimed at reducing fear of death in vulnerable populations, including people at end-of-life. We also discuss these findings in the context of Terror Management Theory regarding death awareness as a motivator of human behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rape that does not involve life-threatening physical violence, is committed by someone known to the victim, and is not reported to law enforcement (called, here, commonplace rape) raises two questions: "Why didn't she fight back or run away?" and "Why didn't she say anything at the time?" Recently, research on "tonic immobility," based on animal predation studies, has provided a physiological explanation for experiences of immobilization during sexual assault. The juxtaposition of animal predation with commonplace sexual assault raises the question: How is it that a response reserved, in animals, for lethal, no-way-out scenarios is present in modes of violation where the victim does not report fear of death or extreme physical harm? Neither does this research help explain why women fail to report. This philosophical exploration of the meaning of tonic immobility in sexual assault helps to justify the juxtaposition of life-or-death scenarios with less-than-life-threatening violation, and sheds light on the reason for women's silence after sexual assault. Rape is accompanied by deep historical meanings that can be encapsulated in the notion of "social death," associated in the U.S. with colonial conquest, enslavement, and impoverishment. The specter of social death haunts commonplace rape, producing life or death responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Growing research indicates that death anxiety is implicated in many mental health conditions. This increasing evidence highlights a need for scalable, accessible and cost-effective psychological interventions to reduce death anxiety. Aims: The present study outlines the results of a phase I trial for one such treatment: Overcome Death Anxiety (ODA). ODA is the first CBT-based online intervention for fears of death, and is an individualised program requiring no therapist guidance. Method: A sample of 20 individuals with various mental health diagnoses commenced the ODA program. Death anxiety was assessed at baseline and at post-intervention. Depression, anxiety and stress were also measured. Results: In total, 50% (10/20) reached the end of the program and completed post-treatment questionnaires. Of these, 60% (6/10) showed a clinically reliable reduction in their overall death anxiety, and 90% (9/10) showed a reduction on at least one facet of death anxiety. There were no adverse events noted. Conclusions: ODA appears to be a safe and potentially effective treatment for death anxiety. The findings have provided initial evidence to support a randomised controlled trial using a larger sample, to further examine the efficacy of ODA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Death was a common occurrence in Jane Austen's life. Her father died in 1805; her friend Mrs Lefroy was killed in an accident in 1804; her sister's fiancé died in 1797. In the songs she sang and played, death was a recurrent theme, with sentimental and melodramatic lyrics vowing fidelity unto death, or mourning the passing of a lover or a sister. However, death usually keeps to the background of the emotional landscape of her novels. No character we 'know' well dies in the course of any of the novels, although some – Marianne Dashwood, Tom Bertram, Louisa Musgrove – may be in mortal danger. Deaths 'offstage' can liberate characters, like Eleanor Tilney and Frank Churchill. Other deaths, typically of parents before a novel's action begins, put the main characters in perilous financial situations, or deprive them of essential moral and emotional support at an early age. The few examples where a child or young person has died – Fanny Price's sister, Captain Benwick's fiancée, Dick Musgrove – provide perceptive portrayals of characters grieving in their idiosyncratic ways. In this essay I aim to explore whether particular deaths are ever much more than plot devices in Austen's novels. To what extent does the form of comedy constrain her from dealing with darker themes? Does her resistance to melodrama and sentimentality mean that she avoids deaths or intimations of mortality in the six completed works, or can grief and the fear of death undercut the gaiety of even the most light-hearted of her novels, and pervade the shadowy depths of the more serious works? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research data shows fear to be the predominant emotion accompanying thoughts of one's own death. This is because there's no convincing evidence of exactly what to expect thereafter. There's also considerable confusion about which of the three main traditional hypotheses1 of the 'after-life' is correct. The problem is that none of them can be empirically proven to be true. The upside is that this allows for equally plausible alternatives. In this essay I present a fourth, more reassuring, hypothesis that's much more useful in reducing the fear of death and the 'there-after.'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aims to enhance the understanding of longitudinal associations between two important facets of well-being in late life: social support and commitment to life and living (CTL). Methods: Structured home interviews were conducted with 824 Israelis ≥75 years of age, with three annual data collection timepoints. We hypothesized and tested a cross-lagged, longitudinal structural equation model (SEM) in which CTL and social support were assumed to predict each other over time, covarying for previously reported CTL and social support. Results: Social support has a positive, contemporaneous effect, predicting commitment to living at T1 and T3, while CTL predicts social support the following year (i.e., T1–T2 & T2–T3). Satisfaction with relationships significantly contributes to measurement of both latent constructs at each point of data collection. Discussion: Commitment to life and living and social support are intertwined phenomena. Whereas social support has a concomitant effect on CTL, the effect of CTL on social support emerges over time. This suggests that greater social support fosters greater CTL, leading older adults to nurture social networks and relationships; the effect of which is greater social support in the future. The implications of these results warrant further research over longer periods and across cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Cancer patients exhibit fear of COVID-19, which could lead to serious consequences. However, minimal information is available about the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of cancer patients. Therefore, this study aims to examine the fear level of COVID-19 among cancer patients in Henan Province, Central China and to identify its causes, results, and coping factors. Methods: An online survey was conducted among 1,067 cancer patients. The participants reported their individual fear level of COVID-19, risk of COVID-19 infection, risk of death from COVID-19, COVID-19 vaccination concerns, influence level of COVID-19 pandemic on their disease treatment, loneliness due to COVID-19, economic burden from COVID-19, quality of life, safety behavior, information regarding COVID-19 vaccination, psychological guidance, physical activities, and demographic characteristics. Chi-square and cumulative logistic regression were used to determine the predictors of COVID-19 fear level. Results: This study indicates that cancer patients report moderate fear level of COVID-19 in Central China (66.9%). The six cause factors (risk of COVID-19 infection, risk of death from COVID-19, COVID-19 vaccination concerns, influence level of COVID-19 pandemic on disease treatment, loneliness due to COVID-19, and economic burden from COVID-19) were positively associated with COVID-19 fear level. Three coping factors (information regarding COVID-19 vaccination, psychological guidance, and physical activities) were negatively associated with COVID-19 fear level. COVID-19 fear level was negatively associated with quality of life and positively associated with safety behavior. Conclusion: Our results suggest that governments should improve access to personalized vaccine counseling and psychological guidance by undertaking the responsibility of patients' attending physicians and increasing publicity. Physical activities should be included in the treatment program to help cancer patients better recover their physical and mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cumhuriyet Ilahiyat Dergisi / Cumhuriyet Theology Journal is the property of Cumhuriyet Universitesi, Ilahiyat Fakultesi / Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Theology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Duress provides an excuse to most crimes but since Howe is excluded to murder. This means someone who kills due to a fear of death or serious injury is denied the defence and instead faces a conviction, and life imprisonment, for murder. This article focuses on the origins of duress to establish that duress was introduced to excuse treason and as such was used to excuse unlawful killing. In Howe, rather than following Dudley and Stephens, there were other binding and persuasive precedents the Lords could have followed to reach the decision that duress should be available to murder. Furthermore, some of the most influential opinions in denying the defence to murder, Hale and East, were voiced without reference to case authority. In conclusion, there is no historical doctrine for denying duress to murder and doing so today is historically unfounded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite their growing popularity, little is known about the psychological effects of participating in past-life meditation groups in contemporary western contexts. We conducted a study to re-create some of the conditions observed in the field by facilitating a group of adults interested in exploring past life meditation. Before the session, participants completed a survey about their afterlife beliefs and associated experiences. Participants also completed questionnaires measuring meaningfulness in life and fear of death before and after the session. In the sample (n = 125), just over half of the participants (52%) reported having a past life memory or vision during the session. Higher paranormal beliefs predicted reporting a past life memory or vision. We also found that having prior memories or visions of having lived before, but not the general belief in having a past life, predicted reporting having past life experiences during the session. Consistent with our predictions, participants who reported having a past life memory or vision also reported reduced existential death distress and increased meaningfulness in life following the session, compared to those who did not report these experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article will aim to cover military writers' comments upon the psychological, emotional, and motivational aspects of soldiers in the eighteenth century. In recent years, there has been a positive re‐evaluation of the Ancien Régime soldier compared with that of the later citizen soldier of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars. This article seeks to add to this re‐appraisal by introducing a literature element to the discussion, highlighting and analysing the many passages writers wrote on these psychological topics, such as the fear of death in combat, the world of honour governing the soldier, and nationalistic differences in temperament. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Explaining what emotions or attitudes it is rational for humans to have toward our own deaths and toward their mortality has been a central task within most philosophical traditions. This article critically examines the rationality of five emotions or attitudes that might be taken toward death: fear, insofar as death can harm us by reducing our overall level of well‐being; the related attitude of existential terror, a feeling of dismay or uncanniness directed at the prospect of our eventual non‐existence; regret, directed at our being constituted as mortals; anger or resentment; and gratitude. Our conclusion is that there is in all likelihood no specific emotion or attitude that we are rationally required to take toward death or mortality. Neither anger nor gratitude are rational attitudes toward death, and while fear, existential terror, and regret are stronger candidates for being rational attitudes toward death, it proves difficult to show that death rationally requires any particular emotions or attitudes on our part. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most important functions of religion is to fill the deficits in the existence of human society, among which an important place is occupied by the awareness of human mortality. According to psychological theories, religion often appears as one of the adaptive strategies that alleviate the fear of death. However, both domestic and foreign empirical studies of the relationship between religiosity and the severity of the fear of death lead to contradictory results, which is associated with the need to take into account a large number of variables in such studies, as well as a non-linear relationship between religion and the fear of death. The authors have made an attempt to study the relationship between Christian self-identification with the conscious components of the fear of death in 118 men and women at different periods of adulthood (40-50 and 51-65 years). The conscious components of the fear of death were assessed on the Personal Death Fear Scale, and attitudes toward death (in particular, the features of experiencing the fear of death and ways to cope with it) were identified in phenomenological interviews. The data were processed using Mann - Whitney U test, correlation analysis, and phenomenological analysis of interviews. The study has shown that Christian religious self-identification in adulthood is positively correlated with the conscious fear of death, and also has age and gender specificity. In general, it is concluded that, in order to explain the relationship between Christian self-identification and the conscious fear of death, it is necessary to analyze the role that the religious worldview plays in people's understanding of their life path. Based on the results of the study, it can be assumed that the leading motive in choosing a Christian worldview is not so much overcoming the fear of personal death as the search for effective ways to cope with difficult life situations. That is why Christian self-identification does not contribute to reducing the fear of personal death, responding to a greater extent to other motives related to the need to “cope with life.” To sum up, the authors show that religiosity is not a universal tool that can unequivocally reduce the fear of death.

This study aimed to present a conceptual model of the anxiety of death based on religious texts and validate it; thus, through two strategies of "lexical search" and "open text-reading" and obtaining seventeen related words, 343 religious statements were collected by the judgmental sampling based on the principle of saturation in Islamic sources, and they were analyzed using the method of qualitative content analysis of religious texts (Shojaei, 2020a). The findings of the study showed that there are 10 symptoms of the anxiety of death, including unhappiness and sadness, cry and shout, escaping death, hating death, constant restlessness, thinking too much about death, disturbed dreams about death, not accepting death, the feeling of shame, and the regret of losing the world. Moreover, fourteen causal conditions and five consequences were identified. The validity of the model was examined according to twelve experts' viewpoints using Content Validity Index (CVI) and Content Validity Ratio (CVR) in order to make sure of the consistency of the findings with the content of religious texts and its application in the field of psychology. Finally, the conceptual model of the anxiety of death was depicted in the form of a general scheme. These findings provide an appropriate content for formulating the construct of the anxiety of death and designing a treatment intervention and an educational package.

The philosophical works of F. Rosenzweig have particular meaning for both academic and existential inquiries and interests, as he deeply re-observes the religious life of Judaism and Christianity through the reflection of human existence. Fear of death, observation of Plato’s understanding of Eros, overcoming of atheism of Goethe in the experience of faith - these key motives form a challenging discourse of Rosenzweig’s theological and philosophical thought, which invites reader into a truly charming spiritual journey. The article provides an intriguing introduction to the issue of RUDN Journal of Philosophy , which is dedicated to F. Rosenzweig and provides a scope to various aspects of the philosophy of one of the most prominent German-Jewish thinkers of the twentieth century, including topics such as criticism and reception of German idealism and existentialism, «new thinking» as a philosophical system, philosophical interpretation of biblical texts, Kabbalah and mysticism.

This article focuses on the masculinities shown throughout Steven Spielberg's Hook, following Pat Kirkham and Janet Thumim's four sites of masculinities in film. Robin Williams's character (Peter Banning/Pan) evolves from belonging to the business man prototype (Peter Banning) to becoming an adult-although-rejuvenated Peter Pan. His body is shown in action when BanninG/Pan attempts to behave in a more juvenile way. Banning/Pan's external world is defined by his fatherhood, which involves both quality and quantity time spent with his children. The internal world is related to Banning/Pan's fear of flying and death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to find out the relationship between death anxiety and religious coping styles in patients diagnosed with COVID-19. This cross-sectional and relational study was carried out with snowball sampling technique between May 15 and June 15, 2021. It was found that the participants had a mean Death Anxiety Scale total score of 10.42 ± 2.77 , they had a mean positive religious coping sub-scale score of 23.44 ± 2.66 and a mean negative religious coping sub-scale score of 12.82 ± 3.08. Statistically significant positive association was found between Death Anxiety Scale and Religious Coping Questionnaire's both positive and negative coping sub-scale scores (p <.05). It was found that patients diagnosed with COVID-19 had high level of death anxiety and positive religious coping styles. It was also found that death anxiety levels increased in the patients as their use of positive and negative coping increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study is to determine the effect on death anxiety of loneliness in the elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic. The population of this study that is descriptive and cross-sectional type consist of 354 elderly who meet the inclusion criteria from three different associations operating for charitable purposes in a city center located in north-west Turkey. The average score of Loneliness Scale of Elderly (LSE) of the elderly was determined as 11.39 ± 5.31, and the average score of Death Anxiety Scale (DAS) of the elderly was determined as 8.54 ± 4.82. According to these results, it was found that the elderly experienced acceptable levels of loneliness and moderate death anxiety. A statistically significant difference was found in the LSE and DAS scores of the elderly according to their age, marital status, education status, chronic illness status and living at home with relatives. In addition, during the COVID-19 epidemic, the scale scores of the elderly who have increased worries, who have a hobby at home, and who communicate with their relatives via social media/mobile phones were found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]