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Intelligent personal assistants (IPAs) are usually described as application programs or devices that understand user-generated voice commands of spoken languages and perform various tasks as a result. These voice-controlled devices generally rely on artificial intelligence and related technologically advanced approaches. Shopping or purchasing items is one of the actions that this technology may perform for its users. This paper explores IPAs in more detail, including how they work, when and for what they are used, the benefits and barriers of the technology, and the risks they bring to the user. This is still a relatively novel technology as its been initially introduced to the mass market in the last ten-odd years, so available insight is still generally scarce. In order to address this research gap, the study was conducted with the goal of exploring the overall sentiment towards this technology in Croatia as a non-English-speaking European country. The main objective of the paper was to investigate the current level of voice- controlled IPA adoption as well as intentions to use this technology for online shopping or purchasing. The primary focus of the study was set on users' and non-users attitudes and beliefs about the benefits and barriers of IPA adoption, as well as privacy and security concerns associated with specific tasks. Using an online survey and an adapted research framework, the study was conducted on a sample of 310 Croatian smartphone users (N=310). The IPA adoption rate was generally modest, based on the available data. Users of IPA devices typically utilize them for entertainment and convenience, making use of the device's hands-free features, tailored tasks, and information-gathering options. In addition, respondents had reservations about using IPAs for online shipping activities. Nevertheless, IPAs are starting to dominate the markets all over the world, and based on the patterns and projections described ; it's clear that they'll most likely continue to do so.

Purpose To compare perception of tooth colour among the general population, general dentists, specialists in prosthodontics, specialists in periodontology and specialists in orthodontics. Materials and Methods One subject was placed against a white wall in an upright position, holding her head in an upright position, and looking straight (1). Front teeth and lips were photographed while smiling from a distance of 15 cm, using a mobile device camera (Huaweii Pro20, Shenzhen, Gunagdong, China). Smartphone camera settings had been set to default values before shooting: sensor sensitivity ISO = 100, shutter speed SS 1/125, aperture f = 2, white balance (WB) at 5500 K and 10 MP resolution (2). The Smile Lite MDP device (Smile Line, St-Imier, Switzerland) which has been specially developed for dental photography (2), had been installed on the mobile device according to the manufacturer's instructions. According to the results of the research, Soldo (2) recommends using a front diode on which a polarizing filter is placed in order to obtain photographs with L*a*b* values corresponding to the values measured by a spectrophotometer directly on the tooth and gingiva. When photographing, a special care was given to standardizing the lighting conditions of the room ; a room without natural light source (with no windows), with neon lighting (4 x 120 cm, 36 W, colour 765, light temperature of 5080 K and illumination of 500 lux). Measurement of temperature and illumination of lighting in the room was performed with a Chroma-2 colorimeter (Lisun Electronics, Shanghai, China) (3). A total of 8 photos were taken, the initial one (set WB = 5500 K) and 7 photos each with 200 K less than the previous (5300 K, 5100 K, 4900 K, 4700 K, 4500 K, 4300 K and 4100 K) to obtain 7 different levels of luminance of one tooth (tooth 11). From all 7 manipulated photos, tooth 11 was separated and inserted (Adobe Photoshop 2021) into the initial photo taken at WB 5500 K. In this way, a set of 8 photos was made (the initial one plus 7 manipulations of a gradually brighter tooth 11). The initial photo has been framed into a green frame marked with P, while the manipulated photos have been arranged from 1 to 7. The photos (JPEG format) were then entered into Adobe Photoshop Lightroom 6 (Adobe, San Jose, CA, USA) in "Develop mode". In this way, it can be determined how much the L*a*b* value has changed in each individual colour manipulation photograph that evaluators still consider aesthetically acceptable by different groups of evaluators. Results A total of 136 evaluators participated, approximately the same number in each group of examiners. Descriptive statistics of the evaluators’ shows answers to the question: Tag the photo when you first notice the change. The results have shown that the general population and orthodontists noticed the change only when the tooth was brighter, while periodontists and prosthodontists noticed that the tooth was brighter already at the first manipulations of tooth colour. The t-test for independent samples was done as well, between the questionnaire filled in by the general population and by doctors. The assigned answers were statistically significantly lower among periodontology and prosthodontics specialists (p