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104. 50-year-old muscles just can’t grow big like they used to – the biology of how muscles change with age

Author

Fielding, Roger

Subjects
News, opinion and commentary
Abstract

(The Conversation is an independent and nonprofit source of news, analysis and commentary from academic experts.) https://theconversation.com/profiles/roger-fielding-959601, https://theconversation.com/institutions/tufts-university-1024 (THE CONVERSATION) There is perhaps no better way to see the absolute [...]

Published
2022

105. Functional improvements to 6 months of physical activity are not related to changes in size or density of multiple lower-extremity muscles in mobility-limited older individuals

Author

Skoglund, Elisabeth, primary, Lundberg, Tommy R., additional, Rullman, Eric, additional, Fielding, Roger A., additional, Kirn, Dylan R., additional, Englund, Davis A., additional, von Berens, Åsa, additional, Koochek, Afsaneh, additional, Cederholm, Tommy, additional, Berg, Hans E., additional, and Gustafsson, Thomas, additional

Published
2022
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106. Effects of Physical and Cognitive Training on Falls and Concern About Falling in Older Adults: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial

Author

Turunen, Katri M, primary, Tirkkonen, Anna, additional, Savikangas, Tiina, additional, Hänninen, Tuomo, additional, Alen, Markku, additional, Fielding, Roger A, additional, Kivipelto, Miia, additional, Stigsdotter Neely, Anna, additional, Törmäkangas, Timo, additional, and Sipilä, Sarianna, additional

Published
2021
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108. Effects of Low Doses of L-Carnitine Tartrate and Lipid Multi-Particulate Formulated Creatine Monohydrate on Muscle Protein Synthesis in Myoblasts and Bioavailability in Humans and Rodents

Author

Fielding, Roger A., primary, Rivas, Donato, additional, Grosicki, Gregory J., additional, Ezzyat, Yassine, additional, Ceglia, Lisa, additional, Price, Lori Lyn, additional, Orhan, Cemal, additional, Sahin, Kazim, additional, Fowler, Kelli, additional, White, Tyler, additional, Durkee, Shane, additional, Kritsch, Katja, additional, and Bellamine, Aouatef, additional

Published
2021
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109. Hospitalizations During a Physical Activity Intervention in Older Adults at Risk of Mobility Disability: Analyses from the Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders Randomized Clinical Trial

Author

Marsh, Anthony P., Applegate, William B., Guralnik, Jack M., Jack Rejeski, W., Church, Timothy S., Fielding, Roger A., Gill, Thomas M., King, Abby C., Kritchevsky, Stephen B., Manini, Todd M., McDermott, Mary M., Newman, Anne B., Stowe, Cynthia L., Walkup, Michael P., Pahor, Marco, and Miller, Michael E.

Published
2016
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116. HOW DO I CREATE AN OCEAN SURFACE IN CINEMA 4D?

Author

Griggs, Mike, Chiovaro, Pietro, Ward, Antony, and Fielding, Roger

Subjects
Science and technology
Abstract

Mike Griggs replies Creating a convincing ocean surface is one of those tasks that seems like there 'should' be an easy way of doing it. However, the complexity of water [...]

Published
2021

117. The effects of a physical and cognitive training intervention vs. physical training alone on older adults’ physical activity: A randomized controlled trial with extended follow-up during COVID-19

Author

Savikangas, Tiina, primary, Törmäkangas, Timo, additional, Tirkkonen, Anna, additional, Alen, Markku, additional, Fielding, Roger A., additional, Kivipelto, Miia, additional, Rantalainen, Timo, additional, Stigsdotter Neely, Anna, additional, and Sipilä, Sarianna, additional

Published
2021
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125. Prevalence of and interventions for sarcopenia in ageing adults: a systematic review. Report of the International Sarcopenia Initiative (EWGSOP and IWGS)

Author

Cruz-Jentoft, Alfonso J., Landi, Francesco, Schneider, Stéphane M., Zúñiga, Clemente, Arai, Hidenori, Boirie, Yves, Chen, Liang-Kung, Fielding, Roger A., Martin, Finbarr C., Michel, Jean-Pierre, Sieber, Cornel, Stout, Jeffrey R., Studenski, Stephanie A., Vellas, Bruno, Woo, Jean, Zamboni, Mauro, and Cederholm, Tommy

Published
2014
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126. Quality of Life in Sarcopenia and Frailty

Author

Rizzoli, René, Reginster, Jean-Yves, Arnal, Jean-François, Bautmans, Ivan, Beaudart, Charlotte, Bischoff-Ferrari, Heike, Biver, Emmanuel, Boonen, Steven, Brandi, Maria-Luisa, Chines, Arkadi, Cooper, Cyrus, Epstein, Sol, Fielding, Roger A., Goodpaster, Bret, Kanis, John A., Kaufman, Jean-Marc, Laslop, Andrea, Malafarina, Vincenzo, Mañas, Leocadio Rodriguez, Mitlak, Bruce H., Oreffo, Richard O., Petermans, Jean, Reid, Kieran, Rolland, Yves, Sayer, Avan Aihie, Tsouderos, Yannis, Visser, Marjolein, and Bruyère, Olivier

Published
2013
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128. Healthy Aging—Nutrition Matters: Start Early and Screen Often

Author

Roberts, Susan B, primary, Silver, Rachel E, additional, Das, Sai Krupa, additional, Fielding, Roger A, additional, Gilhooly, Cheryl H, additional, Jacques, Paul F, additional, Kelly, Jennifer M, additional, Mason, Joel B, additional, McKeown, Nicola M, additional, Reardon, Meaghan A, additional, Rowan, Sheldon, additional, Saltzman, Edward, additional, Shukitt-Hale, Barbara, additional, Smith, Caren E, additional, Taylor, Allen A, additional, Wu, Dayong, additional, Zhang, Fang Fang, additional, Panetta, Karen, additional, and Booth, Sarah, additional

Published
2021
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129. The effects of a physical and cognitive training intervention vs. physical training alone on older adults' physical activity : A randomized controlled trial with extended follow-up during COVID-19

Author

Savikangas, Tiina, Törmäkangas, Timo, Tirkkonen, Anna, Alen, Markku, Fielding, Roger A., Kivipelto, Miia, Rantalainen, Timo, Stigsdotter Neely, Anna, and Sipilä, Sarianna

Subjects
Male, Viral Diseases, Physiology, Epidemiology, Social Sciences, Walking, Executive Function, Medical Conditions, Elderly, Medicine and Health Sciences, PROGRAM, Psychology, Public and Occupational Health, Single-Blind Method, Gerontologi, medicinsk/hälsovetenskaplig inriktning, Applied Psychology, Virus Testing, Aged, 80 and over, kuntoliikunta, EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, interventiotutkimus, Sports Science, Multidisciplinary Sciences, Infectious Diseases, Treatment Outcome, Medicine, Science & Technology - Other Topics, Female, ikääntyneet, fyysinen aktiivisuus, Research Article, toiminnanohjaus (psykologia), harjoitteet, General Science & Technology, Science, EXERCISE, ADHERENCE, AGE, Diagnostic Medicine, PEOPLE, Adults, Humans, Gerontology, specialising in Medical and Health Sciences, Sports and Exercise Medicine, Pandemics, Aged, Behavior, Science & Technology, Trail Making Test, Biological Locomotion, SARS-CoV-2, DISABILITY, Klinisk medicin, Biology and Life Sciences, COVID-19, Covid 19, Physical Activity, PERFORMANCE, Tillämpad psykologi, EFFICACY, LIFE, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, Logistic Models, Age Groups, Physical Fitness, People and Places, Population Groupings, Clinical Medicine, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

BackgroundExecutive functions underlie self-regulation and are thus important for physical activity and adaptation to new situations. The aim was to investigate, if yearlong physical and cognitive training (PTCT) had greater effects on physical activity among older adults than physical training (PT) alone, and if executive functions predicted physical activity at baseline, after six (6m) and twelve months (12m) of the interventions, one-year post-intervention follow-up and an extended follow-up during COVID-19 lockdown.MethodsData from a single-blinded, parallel-group randomized controlled trial (PASSWORD-study, ISRCTN52388040) were utilized. Participants were 70-85 years old community-dwelling men and women from Jyväskylä, Finland. PT (n = 159) included supervised resistance, walking and balance training, home-exercises and self-administered moderate activity. PTCT (n = 155) included PT and cognitive training targeting executive functions on a computer program. Physical activity was assessed with a one-item, seven-scale question. Executive functions were assessed with color-word Stroop, Trail Making Test (TMT) B-A and Letter Fluency. Changes in physical activity were modeled with multinomial logistic models and the impact of executive functions on physical activity with latent change score models.ResultsNo significant group-by-time interaction was observed for physical activity (p>0.1). The subjects were likely to select an activity category higher than baseline throughout the study (pooled data: B = 0.720-1.614, pConclusionsCognitive training did not have additive effects over physical training alone on physical activity, but multicomponent training and higher executive function at baseline may support adaptation to and maintenance of a physically active lifestyle among older adults.

Published
2021

130. Effects of Physical and Cognitive Training on Gait Speed and Cognition in Older Adults : A Randomized Controlled Trial

Author

Sipilä, Sarianna, Tirkkonen, Anna, Savikangas, Tiina, Hänninen, Tuomo, Laukkanen, Pia, Alen, Markku, Fielding, Roger A., Kivipelto, Miia, Kulmala, Jenni, Rantanen, Taina, Sihvonen, Sanna E, Sillanpää, Elina, Stigsdotter Neely, Anna, and Törmäkangas, Timo

Subjects
walking, community‐dwelling, toiminnanohjaus (psykologia), ikääntyminen, exercise, aging, fyysinen toimintakyky, harjoittelu, liikunta, executive functions, human activities, ikääntyneet, kävely
Abstract

Gait speed is a measure of health and functioning. Physical and cognitive determinants of gait are amenable to interventions, but best practices remain unclear. We investigated the effects of a 12‐month physical and cognitive training (PTCT) on gait speed, dual‐task cost in gait speed, and executive functions (EFs) compared to physical training (PT) (ISRCTN52388040). Community‐dwelling older adults, who did not meet physical activity recommendations, were recruited (n=314). PT included supervised walking/balance (once weekly) and resistance/balance training (once weekly), home exercises (2‐3 times weekly) and moderate aerobic activity 150 minutes/week in bouts of >10 minutes. PTCT included the PT and computer training (CT) on EFs 15‐20 minutes, 3‐4 times weekly. The primary outcome was gait speed. Secondary outcomes were 6‐minute walking distance, dual‐task cost in gait speed, and EF (Stroop and Trail Making B‐A). The trial was completed by 93% of the participants (age 74.5 [SD3.8] years; 60% women). Mean adherence to supervised sessions was 59‐72% in PT and 62‐77% in PTCT. Home exercises and CT were performed on average 1.9 times/week. Weekly minutes spent in aerobic activities were 188 (median 169) in PT and 207 (median 180) in PTCT. No significant interactions were observed for gait speed (PTCT‐PT, 0.02; 95%CI ‐0.03, 0.08), walking distance (‐3.8; ‐16.9, 9.3) or dual‐task cost (‐0.22; ‐1.74, 1.30). Stroop improvement was greater after PTCT than PT (‐6.9; ‐13.0, ‐0.8). Complementing physical training with EFs training is not essential for promotion of gait speed. For EF’s, complementing physical training with targeted cognitive training provides additional benefit. peerReviewed

Published
2021

131. What Cut-Point in Gait Speed Best Discriminates Community-Dwelling Older Adults With Mobility Complaints From Those Without? : A Pooled Analysis From the Sarcopenia Definitions and Outcomes Consortium

Author

Cawthon, Peggy M., Patel, Sheena M., Kritchevsky, Stephen B., Newman, Anne B., Santanasto, Adam, Kiel, Douglas P., Travison, Thomas G., Lane, Nancy, Cummings, Steven R., Orwoll, Eric S., Duchowny, Kate A., Kwok, Timothy, Hirani, Vasant, Schousboe, John, Karlsson, Magnus K., Mellstrom, Dan, Ohlsson, Claes, Ljunggren, Östen, Xue, Qian-Li, Shardell, Michelle, Jordan, Joanne M., Pencina, Karol M., Fielding, Roger A., Magaziner, Jay, Correa-de-Araujo, Rosaly, Bhasin, Shalender, Manini, Todd M., Cawthon, Peggy M., Patel, Sheena M., Kritchevsky, Stephen B., Newman, Anne B., Santanasto, Adam, Kiel, Douglas P., Travison, Thomas G., Lane, Nancy, Cummings, Steven R., Orwoll, Eric S., Duchowny, Kate A., Kwok, Timothy, Hirani, Vasant, Schousboe, John, Karlsson, Magnus K., Mellstrom, Dan, Ohlsson, Claes, Ljunggren, Östen, Xue, Qian-Li, Shardell, Michelle, Jordan, Joanne M., Pencina, Karol M., Fielding, Roger A., Magaziner, Jay, Correa-de-Araujo, Rosaly, Bhasin, Shalender, and Manini, Todd M.

Abstract

Background: Cut-points to define slow walking speed have largely been derived from expert opinion. Methods: Study participants (13 589 men and 5043 women aged >= 65years) had walking speed (m/s) measured over 4-6 m (mean +/- SD: 1.20 +/- 0.27 m/s in men and 0.94 +/- 0.24 m/s in women.) Mobility limitation was defined as any self-reported difficulty with walking approximately 1/4 mile (prevalence: 12.6% men, 26.4% women). Sex-stratified classification and regression tree (CART) models with 10-fold cross-validation identified walking speed cut-points that optimally discriminated those who reported mobility limitation from those who did not. Results: Among 5043 women, CART analysis identified 2 cut-points, classifying 4144 (82.2%) with walking speed >= 0.75 m/s, which we labeled as "fast"; 478 (9.5%) as "intermediate" (walking speed >= 0.62 m/s but <0.75 m/s); and 421 (8.3%) as "slow" (walking speed <0.62 m/s). Among 13 589 men, CART analysis identified 3 cut-points, classifying 10 001 (73.6%) with walking speed >= 1.00m/s ("very fast"); 2901 (21.3%) as "fast" (walking speed >= 0.74 m/s but <1.00 m/s); 497 (3.7%) as "intermediate" (walking speed >= 0.57 m/s but <0.74 m/s); and 190 (1.4%) as "slow" (walking speed <0.57 m/s). Prevalence of self-reported mobility limitation was lowest in the "fast" or "very fast" (11% for men and 19% for women) and highest in the "slow" (60.5% in men and 71.0% in women). Rounding the 2 slower cut-points to 0.60 m/s and 0.75 m/s reclassified very few participants. Conclusions: Cut-points in walking speed of approximately 0.60 m/s and 0.75 m/s discriminate those with self-reported mobility limitation from those without.

Published
2021
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132. Sarcopenia Definitions as Predictors of Fracture Risk Independent of FRAX(R), Falls, and BMD in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study : A Meta-Analysis

Author

Harvey, Nicholas C., Orwoll, Eric, Kwok, Timothy, Karlsson, Magnus K., Rosengren, Bjorn E., Ribom, Eva L, Cauley, Jane A., Cawthon, Peggy M., Ensrud, Kristine, Liu, Enwu, Cruz-Jentoft, Alfonso J., Fielding, Roger A., Cooper, Cyrus, Kanis, John A., Lorentzon, Mattias, Ohlsson, Claes, Mellstrom, Dan, Johansson, Helena, McCloskey, Eugene, Harvey, Nicholas C., Orwoll, Eric, Kwok, Timothy, Karlsson, Magnus K., Rosengren, Bjorn E., Ribom, Eva L, Cauley, Jane A., Cawthon, Peggy M., Ensrud, Kristine, Liu, Enwu, Cruz-Jentoft, Alfonso J., Fielding, Roger A., Cooper, Cyrus, Kanis, John A., Lorentzon, Mattias, Ohlsson, Claes, Mellstrom, Dan, Johansson, Helena, and McCloskey, Eugene

Abstract

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-derived appendicular lean mass/height(2) (ALM/ht(2)) is the most commonly used estimate of muscle mass in the assessment of sarcopenia, but its predictive value for fracture is substantially attenuated by femoral neck (fn) bone mineral density (BMD). We investigated predictive value of 11 sarcopenia definitions for incident fracture, independent of fnBMD, fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX(R)) probability, and prior falls, using an extension of Poisson regression in US, Sweden, and Hong Kong Osteoporois Fractures in Men Study (MrOS) cohorts. Definitions tested were those of Baumgartner and Delmonico (ALM/ht(2) only), Morley, the International Working Group on Sarcopenia, European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP1 and 2), Asian Working Group on Sarcopenia, Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH) 1 and 2 (using ALM/body mass index [BMI], incorporating muscle strength and/or physical performance measures plus ALM/ht(2)), and Sarcopenia Definitions and Outcomes Consortium (gait speed and grip strength). Associations were adjusted for age and time since baseline and reported as hazard ratio (HR) for first incident fracture, here major osteoporotic fracture (MOF; clinical vertebral, hip, distal forearm, proximal humerus). Further analyses adjusted additionally for FRAX-MOF probability (n = 7531; calculated +/- fnBMD), prior falls (y/n), or fnBMD T-score. Results were synthesized by meta-analysis. In 5660 men in USA, 2764 Sweden and 1987 Hong Kong (mean ages 73.5, 75.4, and 72.4 years, respectively), sarcopenia prevalence ranged from 0.5% to 35%. Sarcopenia status, by all definitions except those of FNIH, was associated with incident MOF (HR = 1.39 to 2.07). Associations were robust to adjustment for prior falls or FRAX probability (without fnBMD); adjustment for fnBMD T-score attenuated associations. EWGSOP2 severe sarcopenia (incorporating chair stand time, gait speed, and grip strength plus ALM)

Published
2021
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133. Effects of Physical and Cognitive Training on Falls and Concern About Falling in Older Adults : Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial

Author

Turunen, Katri M., Tirkkonen, Anna, Savikangas, Tiina, Hanninen, Tuomo, Alen, Markku, Fielding, Roger A., Kivipelto, Miia, Stigsdotter Neely, Anna, Tormakangas, Timo, Sipila, Sarianna, Turunen, Katri M., Tirkkonen, Anna, Savikangas, Tiina, Hanninen, Tuomo, Alen, Markku, Fielding, Roger A., Kivipelto, Miia, Stigsdotter Neely, Anna, Tormakangas, Timo, and Sipila, Sarianna

Abstract

Background The aim of this study is to investigate whether combined cognitive and physical training provides additional benefits to fall prevention when compared with physical training (PT) alone in older adults. Methods This is a prespecified secondary analysis of a single-blind, randomized controlled trial involving community-dwelling men and women aged 70-85 years who did not meet the physical activity guidelines. The participants were randomized into combined physical and cognitive training (PTCT, n = 155) and PT (n = 159) groups. PT included supervised and home-based physical exercises following the physical activity recommendations. PTCT included PT and computer-based cognitive training. The outcome was the rate of falls over the 12-month intervention (PTCT, n = 151 and PT, n = 155) and 12-month postintervention follow-up (PTCT, n = 143 and PT, n = 148). Falls were ascertained from monthly diaries. Exploratory outcomes included the rate of injurious falls, faller/recurrent faller/fall-related fracture status, and concern about falling. Results Estimated incidence rates of falls per person-year were 0.8 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.7-1.1) in the PTCT and 1.1 (95% CI 0.9-1.3) in the PT during the intervention and 0.8 (95% CI 0.7-1.0) versus 1.0 (95% CI 0.8-1.1), respectively, during the postintervention follow-up. There was no significant difference in the rate of falls during the intervention (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 0.78; 95% CI 0.56-1.10, p = .152) or in the follow-up (IRR = 0.83; 95% CI 0.59-1.15, p = .263). No significant between-group differences were observed in any exploratory outcomes. Conclusion A yearlong PTCT intervention did not result in a significantly lower rate of falls or concern about falling than PT alone in older community-dwelling adults.

Published
2021
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134. Biomarkers of sarcopenia in clinical trials—recommendations from the International Working Group on Sarcopenia

Author

Cesari, Matteo, Fielding, Roger A., Pahor, Marco, Goodpaster, Bret, Hellerstein, Marc, Van Kan, Gabor A., Anker, Stefan D., Rutkove, Seward, Vrijbloed, J. Willem, Isaac, Maria, Rolland, Yves, M’Rini, Christine, Aubertin-Leheudre, Mylène, Cedarbaum, Jesse M., Zamboni, Mauro, Sieber, Cornell C., Laurent, Didier, Evans, William J., Roubenoff, Ronenn, Morley, John E., Vellas, Bruno, and for the International Working Group on Sarcopenia

Published
2012
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138. Relationships between level and change in sarcopenia and ther body composition components and adverse health outcomes: findings from the health, aging, and body composition study

Author

Westbury, Leo, Syddall, Holly Emma, Fuggle, Nicholas, Dennison, Elaine, Harvey, Nicholas, Cauley, Jane A., Shiroma, Eric J., Fielding, Roger A., Newman, Anne B., and Cooper, Cyrus

Abstract

We investigated how baseline values and rates of decline in components of sarcopenia and other body composition parameters relate to adverse clinical outcomes using the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study. 2689 participants aged 70–79 years were studied. Appendicular lean mass, whole body fat mass, and total hip BMD were ascertained using DXA; muscle strength by grip dynamometry; and muscle function by gait speed. Baseline values and 2–3 year conditional changes (independent of baseline) in each characteristic were examined as predictors of mortality, hospital admission, low trauma fracture, and recurrent falls in the subsequent 10–14 years using Cox regression (generalized estimating equations used for recurrent falls) with adjustment for sex, ethnicity, age, and potential confounders. Lower levels and greater declines in all parameters (excluding hip BMD level) were associated (p

Published
2020

142. Impaired voluntary neuromuscular activation limits muscle power in mobility-limited older adults

Author

Clark, David J., Patten, Carolynn, Reid, Kieran F., Carabello, Robert J., Phillips, Edward M., and Fielding, Roger A.

Subjects
Aged -- Health aspects, Neuromuscular transmission -- Physiological aspects, Neuromuscular transmission -- Health aspects, Aging -- Health aspects, Aging -- Physiological aspects, Health, Seniors
Abstract

Background. Age-related alterations of neuromuscular activation may contribute to deficits in muscle power and mobility function. This study assesses whether impaired activation of the agonist quadriceps and antagonist hamstrings, including amplitude- and velocity-dependent characteristics of activation, may explain differences in leg extension torque and power between healthy middle-aged, healthy older, and mobility-limited older adults. Methods. Torque, power, and electromyography were recorded during maximal voluntary leg extension trials across a range of velocities on an isokinetic dynamometer. Results. Neuromuscular activation was similar between middle-aged and older healthy groups, with differences in torque and power explained predominantly by muscle size. However, the older mobility-limited group demonstrated marked impairment of torque, power, and agonist muscle activation, with the greatest deficits occurring at the fastest movement velocities. Agonist muscle activation was found to be strongly associated with torque output. Conclusions. Similar neuromuscular activation between the middle-aged and older healthy groups indicates that impaired voluntary activation is not an obligatory consequence of aging. However, the finding that the mobility-limited group exhibited impaired activation of the agonist quadriceps and concomitant deficits in torque and power output suggests that neuromuscular activation deficits may contribute to compromised mobility function in older adults. Key Words: Aging--Electromyography--Strength. doi: 10.1093/gerona/glq012

Published
2010

145. Effect of Structured Physical Activity on Prevention of Major Mobility Disability in Older Adults: The LIFE Study Randomized Clinical Trial

Author

Pahor, Marco, Guralnik, Jack M., Ambrosius, Walter T., Blair, Steven, Bonds, Denise E., Church, Timothy S., Espeland, Mark A., Fielding, Roger A., Gill, Thomas M., Groessl, Erik J., King, Abby C., Kritchevsky, Stephen B., Manini, Todd M., McDermott, Mary M., Miller, Michael E., Newman, Anne B., Rejeski, Jack W., Sink, Kaycee M., and Williamson, Jeff D.

Published
2014
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148. Measuring health-related quality of life in sarcopenia: summary of the SarQoL psychometric properties

Author

Beaudart, Charlotte, Reginster, Jean-Yves, Amuthavalli Thiyagarajan, Jotheeswaran, Bautmans, Ivan, Bauer, Jürgen, Burlet, Nansa, Cesari, Matteo, Cherubini, Antonio, Cooper, Cyrus, Cruz-Jentoft, Alfonso J., Dawson-Hughes, Bess, Fielding, Roger A., Harvey, Nicholas C., Landi, Francesco, Laslop, Andrea, Maggi, Stefania, Montero-Errasquin, Beatriz, Concepción, Prieto Yerro María, Rolland, Yves, Rizzoli, René, Visser, Marjolein, and Bruyère, Olivier

Abstract

Patient perspectives are now widely recognized as a key element in the evaluation of health interventions. Therefore, the provision of specific and validated Patient Reported Outcome Measures that emphasize the lived experience of patients suffering from specific diseases is very important. In the field of sarcopenia, the only validated specific health-related quality of life (HRQoL) instrument available is the Sarcopenia Quality of Lifequestionnaire (SarQoL). This self-administrated HRQoL questionnaire, developed in 2015, consists of 55 items arranged into 22 questions and has currently been translated into 35 languages. Nineteen validation studies performed on SarQoL have consensually confirmed the capacity of SarQoL to detect difference in HRQoL between older people with and without sarcopenia, its reliability and its validity. Two further observational studies have also indicated its responsiveness to change. A short form SarQoL, including only 14 items has further been developed and validated to reduce the potential burden of administration. Research on the psychometric properties of SarQoL questionnaire is still encouraged as the responsiveness to change of SarQoL has not yet been measured in the context of interventional studies, as limited prospective data currently exist and as there is still not cut-off score to define a low HRQoL. In addition, SarQoL has mainly been used in community-dwelling older individuals with sarcopenia and would benefit to be studied in other types of populations. This review aims to provide to researchers, clinicians, regulators, pharmaceutical industries and other stakeholders a clear summary of comprehensive evidence on the SarQoL questionnaire published up to January 2023Query.

Published
2023
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149. Associations between biomarkers of cellular senescence and physical function in humans: observations from the lifestyle interventions for elders (LIFE) study

Author

Fielding, Roger A., Atkinson, Elizabeth J., Aversa, Zaira, White, Thomas A., Heeren, Amanda A., Achenbach, Sara J., Mielke, Michelle M., Cummings, Steven R., Pahor, Marco, Leeuwenburgh, Christiaan, and LeBrasseur, Nathan K.

Abstract

Cellular senescence is a plausible mediator of age-associated declines in physical performance. To test this premise, we examined cross-sectional associations between circulating components of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and measures of physical function and muscle strength in 1377 older adults. We showed significant associations between multiple SASP proteins and the short physical performance battery (SPPB), its subcomponents (gait speed, balance, chair rise time), and 400-m walk time. Activin A, ICAM1, MMP7, VEGFA, and eotaxin showed strong associations based on gradient boost machine learning (GBM), and, when combined with other proteins, effectively identified participants at the greatest risk for mobility disability (SPPB score ≤7). Senescence biomarkers were also associated with lower grip strength, and GBM identified PARC, ADAMTS13, and RANTES as top candidates in females, and MMP2, SOST, and MCP1 in males. These findings highlight an association between senescence biomarkers and physical performance in older adults. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01072500.

Published
2022
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150. Role of vitamin D supplementation in the management of musculoskeletal diseases: update from an European Society of Clinical and Economical Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases (ESCEO) working group

Author

Chevalley, Thierry, Brandi, Maria Luisa, Cashman, Kevin D., Cavalier, Etienne, Harvey, Nicholas C., Maggi, Stefania, Cooper, Cyrus, Al-Daghri, Nasser, Bock, Oliver, Bruyère, Olivier, Rosa, Mario Miguel, Cortet, Bernard, Cruz-Jentoft, Alfonso J., Cherubini, Antonio, Dawson-Hughes, Bess, Fielding, Roger, Fuggle, Nicholas, Halbout, Philippe, Kanis, John A., Kaufman, Jean-Marc, Lamy, Olivier, Laslop, Andrea, Yerro, Maria Concepción Prieto, Radermecker, Régis, Thiyagarajan, Jotheeswaran Amuthavalli, Thomas, Thierry, Veronese, Nicola, de Wit, Marten, Reginster, Jean-Yves, and Rizzoli, René

Abstract

Vitamin D is a key component for optimal growth and for calcium–phosphate homeostasis. Skin photosynthesis is the main source of vitamin D. Limited sun exposure and insufficient dietary vitamin D supply justify vitamin D supplementation in certain age groups. In older adults, recommended doses for vitamin D supplementation vary between 200 and 2000 IU/day, to achieve a goal of circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (calcifediol) of at least 50 nmol/L. The target level depends on the population being supplemented, the assessed system, and the outcome. Several recent large randomized trials with oral vitamin D regimens varying between 2000 and 100,000 IU/month and mostly conducted in vitamin D-replete and healthy individuals have failed to detect any efficacy of these approaches for the prevention of fracture and falls. Considering the well-recognized major musculoskeletal disorders associated with severe vitamin D deficiency and taking into account a possible biphasic effects of vitamin D on fracture and fall risks, an European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases (ESCEO) working group convened, carefully reviewed, and analyzed the meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials on the effects of vitamin D on fracture risk, falls or osteoarthritis, and came to the conclusion that 1000 IU daily should be recommended in patients at increased risk of vitamin D deficiency. The group also addressed the identification of patients possibly benefitting from a vitamin D loading dose to achieve early 25-hydroxyvitamin D therapeutic level or from calcifediol administration.

Published
2022
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