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Over the last decade, a number of subsea solutions have been deployed to unlock the commerciality of deepwater fields and increase the overall recovery factor of the reservoirs. Numerous types of monitoring and measurement technologies have been developed and installed downhole, subsea, and topside, but usually in a fragmented manner. The traditional field surveillance approach often addresses the reservoir challenges separately from issues that may affect flow in the production network or from processing facilities considerations. The value of information obtained using sensing equipment is then not fully taken advantage of, and critical information is lost due to the lack of integration. The objective of this work is to link all data collected along the fluid journey from the reservoir to the process facilties in order to optimize its production and better manage reservoir recovery. In this work, a novel integrated production management solution (IPMS) is introduced. Dedicated subsea and subsurface metering devices, advanced flow control equipment, production surveillance systems, and production optimization tools are combined to increase the understanding of the reservoir and subsea production network, maximize the value of the subsea hardware and address operational challenges to enable increased predictive flow assurance capabilities and production optimization. Bridging the gap from abstract measurement values to production management decisions, such as inflow control actuation; allow a better reservoir management implementation along of the field life, leading to an increased recovery. The functionality of the system is designed to address a number of challenges, including the following:reservoir management—recovery increase by combining continuous downhole sensing, seabed data, and IPMSEquipement centric monitoring and predictive maitenancethermal management—increase in system no-touch time and improved system preservationhydrate management—opex savings in regards to hydrate inhibitor injection and regenerationliquid management—avoiding unexpected shutdowns due to liquid surgespigging optimization—potential for reduced production losses during pigging operation and reduced pigging frequencylow temperature management—material integrity and hydrate preventioncorrosion and scale inhibition optimization—completion, subsea production system (SPS), and pipeline integrityerosion monitoring—SPSs and pipeline integrity. For the first time, integrated production data are used in online pore-to-process integrated models to guide reservoir decisions, optimize opex, and enhance recovery. Specific examples such as detection of reservoir property changes and their impact on recovery, optimized inorganic scale, and hydrates management based on integrated downhole seabed and process data are discussed in detail.

Hypothesizes that cloze easiness is a measure of information and tests this theory against a reanalysis of earlier data on cloze test performance. (AA)

Examines the problems of constructing tests and shows how the rules of transformation generative grammar can be used to produce easily understood test questions. (RB)

The droplet size distribution (DSD) of unstable water/oil dispersions has been studied with a new technique. The technique is based on a fast dilution of the dispersion injected into an analysis vessel where the DSD is analyzed with a video camera and a image analyzing tool. Dispersions generated with no pressure drop in the flow rig were compared to those generated with a pressure drop over a needle valve. The latter dispersion showed a much narrower DSD and a lower average droplet diameter. The results are from preliminary experiments in order to evaluate the method.

peer-reviewed As part of a European Union climate change and energy package that aims to reduce greenhouse gases by 20%, reach 20% penetration of renewable energy, and improve energy efficiency by 20% by 2020, Ireland has committed to generating 40% of its electricity using indigenous renewable sources, primarily wind, by 2020. As wind is an intermittent energy source, a key challenge will be to increase the flexibility of the electricity system in order to maximise yields from the installed wind generation capacity and to minimise curtailment. With the advent of smart grid technologies, substantial focus is being placed on demand side management, or more specifically demand response as a means of achieving the necessary flexibility. In contrast to energy storage which shifts the timing of energy availability, demand response aims to manipulate consumer???s demand to more efficiently use available generation sources. This is typically achieved using suitable financial reward structures; however, it requires the provision of advanced metering and information systems to the consumer. This project examines the suitability of a real-time pricing tariff based on Ireland???s electricity market spot price to determine whether or not the resulting demand flexibility is conducive to increasing the facilitation of wind generated electricity. Demand response is simulated using three load types: a dishwasher, an electric car, and an immersion water heater. As well as optimising in response to price, optimisations in response to wind availability and carbon intensity are examined and their results compared to determine the significance of the yields achieved using price optimisation. Furthermore, yield reductions resulting from the use of imperfect day-ahead prediction data are analysed. Although the results highlight significant benefits, considerable conflicts occur primarily when price optimising thermal loads.

Imagine how much easier and effective the work of unionists would be if a generation of children graduated from US schools understanding their right and duty to be heard, the power of joining together in common cause, and the knowledge, political savvy, and skill to speak on their own behalf. And imagine how much easier the work of teachers would be if, through unionization, the lives of working families improved and the resources they need to support their children's education were more widely available. In the Fall 2006 Working Class Notes, Patrick Finn and Mary Finn painted such a scenario and asked readers to consider the possibilities for a truly radical education movement that would be built by a coalition of educators, community organizers, unionists, and teacher unionists rather than the autocratic, top-down "reform" movement of the dominant education as business model. This article briefly describes what impelled the authors to act on their concerns and what those actions have entailed to date, in the hope that other educators, teacher educators, unionists and teacher union activists will see the importance of linking our respective fields and will be moved to join our efforts., Workplace: A Journal for Academic Labor, No 17 (2010): Working In, and Against, the Neo-Liberal State: Global Perspectives on K-12 Teacher Unions

With increased interest in underbalanced drilling, including coiled tubing drilling, the importance of realistic inflow predictions and the potential for formation evaluation based on rate measurements is also receiving increased attention. This paper addresses these points by introducing new models for inflow predictions at various levels of complexity and accuracy for spreadsheet and calculator applications. The methods can handle both homogeneous and layered reservoirs, and essentially traps the expected formation response within a narrow range based on drilling speed and the ratio of vertical to horizontal permeability.