117 results on '"Franceschini, Valeria"'
Search Results
102. Regenerative capacity of the optic tectum inLacerta viridis
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Grande, Paolo Del, primary, Minelli, Giuseppe, additional, Franceschini, Valeria, additional, and Vighi, Franca, additional
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- 1981
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
103. Differential nickel-induced responses of olfactory sensory neuron populations in zebrafish
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Valeria Franceschini, Maria Gabriella Maurizii, Simone Bettini, Liliana Milani, Maurizio Lazzari, Lazzari, Maurizio, Bettini, Simone, Milani, Liliana, Maurizii, Maria Gabriella, and Franceschini, Valeria
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Olfactory system ,Nickel ion ,Crypt cell ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Crypt ,Sensory system ,010501 environmental sciences ,Aquatic Science ,Biology ,01 natural sciences ,Olfactory Receptor Neurons ,Olfactory sensory neuron ,Rosette (botany) ,03 medical and health sciences ,Olfactory Mucosa ,Nickel ,medicine ,Animals ,Zebrafish ,030304 developmental biology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,0303 health sciences ,Olfactory epithelium ,biology.organism_classification ,Immunohistochemistry ,GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits ,Sensory neuron ,Cell biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Water Pollutants, Chemical ,Immunostaining - Abstract
The olfactory epithelium of fish includes three main types of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs). Whereas ciliated (cOSNs) and microvillous olfactory sensory neurons (mOSNs) are common to all vertebrates, a third, smaller group, the crypt cells, is exclusive for fish. Dissolved pollutants reach OSNs, thus resulting in impairment of the olfactory function with possible neurobehavioral damages, and nickel represents a diffuse olfactory toxicant. We studied the effects of three sublethal Ni2+ concentrations on the different OSN populations of zebrafish that is a widely used biological model. We applied image analysis with cell count and quantification of histochemically-detected markers of the different types of OSNs. The present study shows clear evidence of a differential responses of OSN populations to treatments. Densitometric values for Gα olf, a marker of cOSNs, decreased compared to control and showed a concentration-dependent effect in the ventral half of the olfactory rosette. The densitometric analysis of TRPC2, a marker of mOSNs, revealed a statistically significant reduction compared to control, smaller than the decrease for Gα olf and without concentration-dependent effects. After exposure, olfactory epithelium stained with anti-calretinin, a marker of c- and mOSNs, revealed a decrease in thickness while the sensory area appeared unchanged. The thickness reduction together with increased densitometric values for HuC/D, a marker of mature and immature neurons, suggests that the decrements in Gα olf and TRPC2 immunostaining may depend on cell death. However, reductions in the number of apical processes and of antigen expression could be a further explanation. We hypothesize that cOSNs are more sensitive than mOSNs to Ni2+ exposure. Difference between subpopulations of OSNs or differences in water flux throughout the olfactory cavity could account for the greater susceptibility of the OSNs located in the ventral half of the olfactory rosette. Cell count of anti-TrkA immunopositive cells reveals that Ni2+ exposure does not affect crypt cells. The results of this immunohistochemical study are not in line with those obtained by electro-olfactogram.
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- 2019
104. Regenerative medicine in hearing recovery
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Valeria Franceschini, Simone Bettini, Milvia Chicca, Giulia Orsini, Laura Astolfi, Edi Simoni, Alessandro Martini, Simoni, Edi, Orsini, Giulia, Chicca, Milvia, Bettini, Simone, Franceschini, Valeria, Martini, Alessansro, and Astolfi, Laura
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inner ear ,0301 basic medicine ,Cancer Research ,Programmed cell death ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Hearing loss ,Cochlear stem cells ,Immunology ,Biology ,Audiology ,Regenerative Medicine ,Endogenous stem cells ,Growth factor supplements ,Hearing recovery ,Inner ear ,Stem cell transplantation ,Immunology and Allergy ,Oncology ,Genetics (clinical) ,Cell Biology ,Transplantation ,Regenerative medicine ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,otorhinolaryngologic diseases ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Regeneration ,Cochlear stem cell ,Hearing Loss ,growth factor supplement ,Stem Cells ,Regeneration (biology) ,endogenous stem cell ,Cell Differentiation ,hearing lo ,hearing recovery ,Cochlea ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Ear, Inner ,Stem cell ,medicine.symptom ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Stem Cell Transplantation - Abstract
Hearing loss, or deafness, affects 360 million people worldwide of which about 32 million are children. Deafness is irreversible when it involves sensory hair cell death because the regenerative ability of these cells is lost in mammals after embryo development. The therapeutic strategies for deafness include hearing aids and/or implantable devices. However, not all patients are eligible or truly benefit from these medical devices. Regenerative medicine based on stem cell application could play a role in both improvement of extant medical devices and in vivo recovery of auditory function by regeneration of inner ear cells and neurons. A review of recent literature on the subject indicates that two promising approaches to renewal and differentiation of cochlear tissues are transplantation of stem cells and in situ administration of growth factors. Rather than directly regenerating dead cells, these procedures apparently induce, through various pathways, differentiation of resident cochlear cells. More studies on the possible adverse effects of transplanted cells and the recovery of tonotopic sensorineural activity or required. To date, no reliable clinical results have been obtained in the field of cochlear regeneration.
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- 2017
105. Germ cell line during the seasonal sexual rest of clams: finding niches of cells for gonad renewal
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Fabrizio Ghiselli, Marco Passamonti, Maurizio Lazzari, Valeria Franceschini, Liliana Milani, Maria Gabriella Maurizii, Andrea Pecci, Milani, Liliana, Pecci, Andrea, Ghiselli, Fabrizio, Passamonti, Marco, Lazzari, Maurizio, Franceschini, Valeria, and Maurizii, MARIA GABRIELLA
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0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Cell type ,VASA · DEAD-box RNA helicase ,Histology ,Gonad ,Zoology ,Connective tissue ,Ruditapes ,Biology ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Cell Line ,Sexual Behavior, Animal ,03 medical and health sciences ,Biological Clocks ,medicine ,Animals ,Gonads ,Molecular Biology ,Veneridae ,Cell Biology ,Anatomy ,biology.organism_classification ,Bivalvia ,Medical Laboratory Technology ,Germ Cells ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Seasons ,Development of the gonads ,Developmental biology ,Germ cell ,Multipotent stem cells · Gonad development · Ruditapes philippinarum - Abstract
Reconstitution and renewal of tissues are key topics in developmental biology. In this brief work, we analyzed the wintry spent phase of the reproductive cycle in the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum (Bivalvia, Veneridae) in order to study the gonad rebuilding that in this species occurs at the beginning of the warmer months. We labeled VASA homolog protein-a germ cell marker-and compared the histological observations of the spent phase with those of the previously analyzed gametogenic phase. In R. philippinarum, during the reproductive season, most of the body mass is represented by sack-like structures (acini) full of developing gametes. In that period, VASA-stained cells are present at the basal pole of the gut epithelium, in the connective tissue, and around the acini. We here show that during the spent phase large portions of the intestine lack such cell type, except for some areas showing a few faintly VASA-stained cells. Cells with similar nuclear morphology are present among loosely organized cells of connective tissue, sometimes as single units, sometimes in small groups, rarely partially organized in primordial gonadic structures. These observations match the findings of RNA-targeting studies that during the spent phase identified the source of bivalve germ cells within the connective tissue in the form of quiescent units and add new information on the possible maintenance of VASA-stained, multipotent cells among the batiprismatic cells of the intestine during the whole life span of these bivalves.
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- 2018
106. Detection of Cyprinid Herpesvirus 1 DNA in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of koi carp (Cyprinus carpio)
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Tim Barbé, Luciana Mandrioli, Sara Ciulli, Maurizio Lazzari, Enrico Volpe, Francesca Errani, Rubina Sirri, Valeria Franceschini, Giuseppe Sarli, Sirri, Rubina, Ciulli, Sara, Barbé, Tim, Volpe, Enrico, Lazzari, Maurizio, Franceschini, Valeria, Errani, Francesca, Sarli, Giuseppe, and Mandrioli, Luciana
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Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Carps ,Skin Neoplasms ,cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma ,040301 veterinary sciences ,Squamous Differentiation ,Cyprinus carpio ,Cutaneous papilloma ,Virus ,Cyprinus ,0403 veterinary science ,Fish Diseases ,Carcinoma ,medicine ,Cyprinid Herpesvirus 1 ,Animals ,Carp ,Herpesviridae ,koi carp ,General Veterinary ,biology ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Herpesviridae Infections ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Virology ,Viral replication ,DNA, Viral ,040102 fisheries ,Ultrastructure ,Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries - Abstract
Background Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is an uncommon disease affecting koi carp (Cyprinus carpio). Cutaneous papilloma (carp pox) is a benign epidermal proliferation reported in koi and has been shown to be caused by Cyprinid Herpesvirus 1 (CyHV1). Hypothesis/Objectives Histological, ultrastructural and molecular investigations were carried out aiming to investigate the aetiology of cSCC within archived tissue samples. Animals Surgical samples of masses located on the integument, fins and lips of 13 koi carp belonging to different private owners were included in this retrospective study. Methods CyHV1 DNA and RNA presence were investigated in five cSCC formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples to recognize CyHV1 presence and its replication activity. Results All cases were histologically diagnosed as cSCC. The ultrastructural observations confirmed the squamous differentiation of neoplastic epithelial cells, which showed abundant tonofilament bundles and desmosomes. Although no virus particles were revealed ultrastructurally, the molecular investigation detected viral DNA in five epidemiologically unrelated cSCC. Viral transcript analysis revealed no evidence for viral replication in the tested cSCC, which could be consistent with latent infection. Conclusions and clinical importance These findings illustrate the frequent association of carp cSCC with CyHV1, although a direct cause–effect relationship cannot be established at this time. Therefore, surveillance programmes should take into account the suspected viral origin of cSCC to better inform prevention and control of CyHV1 in the future.
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- 2017
107. Nanoparticle drug delivery systems for inner ear therapy: An overview
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Edi Simoni, Filippo Valente, Serena Danti, Valeria Franceschini, Milvia Chicca, Alessandro Martini, Laura Astolfi, Valente, Filippo, Astolfi, Laura, Simoni, Edi, Danti, S., Franceschini, Valeria, Chicca, Milvia, and Martini, Alessandro
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Drug ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Biocompatibility ,Local administration ,Hearing loss ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Nanoparticles Inner ear Drug delivery Intratympanic administration Local administration ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Inner ear ,otorhinolaryngologic diseases ,medicine ,Intratympanic administration ,Cochlea ,Spiral ganglion ,media_common ,Drug delivery ,Nanoparticles ,3003 ,business.industry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0104 chemical sciences ,Surgery ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Targeted drug delivery ,sense organs ,medicine.symptom ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Biomedical engineering - Abstract
Local drug delivery based on nanoparticles (NP) represents a novel strategy to improve inner ear treatments. The intratympanic delivery of NP may be suitable to treat or prevent hearing loss originating from damage to hair cells and spiral ganglion neurons in the cochlea. Numerous experimental studies support in vitro and in vivo the biocompatibility of NP, their physical stability, target specificity, cell/tissue uptake and ability to internalize therapeutic agents. The topical use of NP helps to reduce the amount of drug required and avoid systemic side effects. This review focuses on recent findings and applications of different NP systems locally delivered to the inner ear. The perspectives for clinical application of NP in inner ear drug delivery are also discussed.
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- 2017
108. VASA expression suggests shared germ line dynamics in bivalve molluscs
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Andrea Pecci, Fabrizio Ghiselli, Marco Passamonti, Maria Gabriella Maurizii, Valeria Franceschini, Simone Bettini, Liliana Milani, Milani, Liliana, Pecci, Andrea, Ghiselli, Fabrizio, Passamonti, Marco, Bettini, Simone, Franceschini, Valeria, and Maurizii, Maria Gabriella
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0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Gonad ,Histology ,Somatic cell ,ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species ,Multipotent cell ,Biology ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Anadara kagoshimensis ,Germline ,DEAD-box RNA Helicases ,03 medical and health sciences ,medicine ,Animals ,Amino Acid Sequence ,Model organism ,Gonads ,Molecular Biology ,Original Paper ,Ecology ,ved/biology ,Anadara kagoshimensi ,fungi ,Cell Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Multipotent cells ,Immunohistochemistry ,Cell biology ,Bivalvia ,Medical Laboratory Technology ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Germ Cells ,Crassostrea gigas ,Stem cell ,Heterodonta ,Crassostrea giga ,Developmental biology ,Sequence Alignment ,Germ cell ,Mya arenaria - Abstract
Germ line segregation can occur during embryogenesis or after embryogenesis completion, with multipotent cells able to give rise to both germ and somatic cells in the developing juvenile or even in adulthood. These undifferentiated cells, in some animals, are self-renewing stem cells. In all these cell lineages, the same set of genes, among which vasa, appears to be expressed. We traced VASA expression during the peculiar gonad rebuilding of bivalves to verify its presence from undifferentiated germ cells to mature gametes in an animal taxon in which the mechanism of germ line establishment is still under investigation. We utilized antibodies produced against VASPH, VASA homolog of Ruditapes philippinarum (Subclass Heterodonta), to compare the known expression pattern of R. philippinarum to two species of the Subclass Pteriomorphia, Anadara kagoshimensis and Crassostrea gigas, and another species of the Subclass Heterodonta, Mya arenaria. The immunohistological data obtained support a conserved mechanism of proliferation of “primordial stem cells” among the simple columnar epithelium of the gut, as well as in the connective tissue, contributing to the seasonal gonad reconstitution. Given the taxonomic separation of the analyzed species, we suggest that the process could be shared in bivalve molluscs. The presence of germ cell precursors in the gut epithelium appears to be a feature in common with model organisms, such as mouse, fruit fly, and human. Thus, the comparative study of germ line establishment can add details on bivalve development, but can also help to clarify the role that VASA plays during germ cell specification. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00418-017-1560-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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- 2017
109. Differential response of olfactory sensory neuron populations to copper ion exposure in zebrafish
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Valeria Franceschini, Liliana Milani, Maria Gabriella Maurizii, Simone Bettini, Maurizio Lazzari, Lazzari, Maurizio, Bettini, Simone, Milani, Liliana, Maurizii, Maria Gabriella, and Franceschini, Valeria
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Olfactory system ,Crypt cell ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Sensory system ,Olfaction ,010501 environmental sciences ,Aquatic Science ,Biology ,01 natural sciences ,Olfactory Receptor Neurons ,Olfactory sensory neuron ,03 medical and health sciences ,Olfactory mucosa ,0302 clinical medicine ,Olfactory Mucosa ,medicine ,Animals ,Zebrafish ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Copper ion ,Olfactory epithelium ,biology.organism_classification ,Immunohistochemistry ,Sensory neuron ,Cell biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Immunology ,Copper ,Water Pollutants, Chemical ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Immunostaining ,Olfactory recovery - Abstract
The peripheral olfactory system of fish is in direct contact with the external aqueous environment, so dissolved contaminants can easily impair sensory functions and cause neurobehavioral injuries. The olfactory epithelium of fish is arranged in lamellae forming a rosette in the olfactory cavity and contains three main types of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs): ciliated (cOSNs) and microvillous olfactory sensory neurons (mOSNs), common to all vertebrates, and a third minor group of olfactory neurons, crypt cells, absent in tetrapods. Since copper is a ubiquitously diffusing olfactory toxicant and a spreading contaminant in urban runoff, we investigated the effect of low copper concentration on the three different OSNs in the olfactory epithelium of zebrafish, a model system widely used in biological research. Image analysis was applied for morphometry and quantification of immunohistochemically detected OSNs. Copper exposure resulted in an evident decrease in olfactory epithelium thickness. Moreover, after exposure, the lamellae of the dorsal and ventral halves of the olfactory rosettes showed a different increase in their sensory areas, suggesting a lateral migration of new cells into non-sensory regions. The results of the present study provide clear evidence of a differential response of the three neural cell populations of zebrafish olfactory mucosa after 96 h of exposure to copper ions at the sublethal concentration of 30 µg/L-1. Densitometric values of cONS, immunostained with anti-G αolf, decreased of about 60% compared to the control. When the fish were transferred to water without copper addition and examined after 3, 10 and 30 days, we observed a partial restoration of anti-Gαolf staining intensity to normal condition. The recovery of cOSNs appeared sustained by neuronal proliferation, quantified with anti-PCNA immunostaining, in particular in the early days after exposure. The densitometric analysis applied to mOSNs, immunostained with anti-TRPC2, revealed a statistically significant decrease of about 30% compared to the control. For cOSNs and mOSNs, the decrement in staining intensity may be indicative of cell death, but reduction in antigen expression may not be excluded. In the post-exposure period of 1 month we did not find recovery of mOSNs. We hypothesize that cOSNs are more sensitive than mOSNs to copper treatment, but also more prompted to tissue repair. Anti-TrkA-immunopositive crypt cells appeared not to be affected by copper exposure since statistical analysis excluded any significant difference between the control and treated fish. Comparative studies on OSNs would greatly enhance our understanding of the mechanisms of olfaction.
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- 2017
110. Immunocytochemical characterisation of ensheathing glia in the olfactory and vomeronasal systems of Ambystoma mexicanum (Caudata: Ambystomatidae)
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Valeria Franceschini, Simone Bettini, Maurizio Lazzari, Lazzari, Maurizio, Bettini, Simone, and Franceschini, Valeria
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0301 basic medicine ,Olfactory system ,Histology ,Vomeronasal organ ,Biology ,Receptor, Nerve Growth Factor ,Ambystoma ,Ensheathing cell ,Amphibia ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Ambystoma mexicanum ,Spinal Cord Injuries ,Olfactory receptor ,Neuroscience (all) ,General Neuroscience ,Neurogenesis ,Olfactory Pathways ,Immunohistochemistry ,Axons ,Smell ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Anamniotes ,nervous system ,Vomeronasal system ,Neural cell adhesion molecule ,Olfactory ensheathing glia ,Vomeronasal Organ ,Anatomy ,Neuroglia ,Neuroscience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
The olfactory and vomeronasal systems of vertebrates are characterised by neurogenesis occurring throughout life. The regenerative ability of olfactory receptor neurons relies on specific glial cells, the olfactory and vomeronasal axon-surrounding cells. Numerous studies have examined mammalian olfactory ensheathing cells which are considered potential candidates for spinal cord injury repair using cell-based therapy. With regard to non-mammalian vertebrates, limited information is available on these glial cells in fish, and there is no information on them in terrestrial anamniotes, the amphibians. In the present research, we studied the immunocytochemical characteristics of axon-surrounding cells in Ambystoma mexicanum. Urodeles have relatively simple olfactory and vomeronasal systems, and represent a good model for studying ensheathing cells in extant representatives of basal tetrapods. Sections from the decalcified heads of A. mexicanum were immunocytochemically processed for the detection of proteins used in research on mammalian olfactory-ensheathing cells. S100, GFAP and NCAM were clearly observed. p75NTR, Gal-1 and PSA-NCAM showed weak staining. No vimentin immunopositivity was observed. The corresponding areas of the olfactory and vomeronasal pathways displayed the same staining characteristics, with the exception of Gal-1, p75NTR and PSA-NCAM in the mucosae. The degree of marker expression was not uniform throughout the sensory pathways. In contrast to fish, both olfactory and vomeronasal nerves displayed uniform staining intensity. This study showed that some markers for mammalian and fish-ensheathing glia are also applicable in urodeles. The olfactory systems of vertebrates show similarities, and also clear dissimilarities. Further investigations are required to ascertain the functional significance of these regional and interspecific differences.
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- 2016
111. Assessment of BCR-ABL1 Transcript Levels By Digital PCR (dPCR) in CML Patients who Achieved a Deep Molecular Response (DMR: MR4.0, MR4.5 And MR5.0) with Tkis May Improve the Detection of Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) and the Selection of Patients for Treatment Free Remission (TFR)
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Chiara Pagani, Serena Lavorgna, Maria Teresa Voso, Fausto Castagnetti, Giuseppina Ruggeri, Alessandro Turra, Camilla Zanaglio, Valeria Cancelli, Luca Franceschini, Erika Codarin, Domenico Russo, Giovanni Martinelli, Nicola Polverelli, Andrea Di Palma, Michele Baccarani, Mario Tiribelli, Federica Cattina, Bernardi Simona, Giuseppe Rossi, Gianantonio Rosti, Simona Soverini, Michele Malagola, Simone Perucca, Luigi Caimi, Claudia Venturi, Maria Teresa Bochicchio, Cristina Skert, Miriam Fogli, and Bernardi Simona, Andrea Di Palma, Federica Cattina, Simone Perucca, Michele Malagola, Mario Tiribelli, Erika Codarin, Maria Teresa Bochicchio, Giuseppina Ruggeri, Luca Franceschini, Valeria Cancelli, Fausto Castagnetti, Simona Soverini, Miriam Fogli, Claudia Venturi, Serena Lavorgna, Chiara Pagani, Cristina Skert, Camilla Zanaglio, Alessandro Turra, Nicola Polverelli, Luigi Caimi, Giuseppe Rossi, Maria Teresa Voso, Gianantonio Rosti, Giovanni Martinelli, Michele Baccarani, Domenico Russo
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Oncology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Absolute quantification ,Immunology ,Cell Biology ,Hematology ,Biochemistry ,Minimal residual disease ,Bcr abl1 ,hemic and lymphatic diseases ,Internal medicine ,Medicine ,Digital polymerase chain reaction ,business ,bcr-abl1, digital pcr, TFR - Abstract
Monitoring of BCR-ABL1 levels by quantitative PCR (qPCR) is essential for the management of CML patients treated with TKIs. Because of intrinsic limits, qPCR does not appear to be an optimal assay to select the best candidates to TKIs discontinuation. Up to 40% of CML patients treated with TKIs can achieve a Deep Molecular Response (DMR), but only 50% maintain a stable Treatment Free Remission (TFR) after therapy discontinuation. Digital PCR (dPCR), giving an absolute quantification of BCR-ABL1, is expected to be more sensitive and accurate than qPCR in the assessment of molecular MRD. dPCR performed on a QuantStudio 3D Digital PCR System (Life Technologies) by using a TaqMan-MGB probes targeting the BCR-ABL1 transcript was used to comparatively analyse 102 CML patients with Major (MR3.0 = 31 cases) or Deep (MR4.0= 33 cases; MR4.5 = 24 cases and MR5.0 = 14 cases) molecular response. Preliminary results showed that: a) ≥77% of deep responders (MR4.0, MR4.5 and MR5.0) fell under the value of 0.468 BCR-ABL1 copies/▢l indicated by the ROC analysis as the value below which the patients with lower levels of MRD might be dissected (spec.=71%, sens.=77%; AUC=0,79); b) BCR-ABL1 transcript levels were detectable by dPCR also in cases resulted undetectable by qPCR. In this study, we analysed the BCR-ABL1 transcript levels by dPCR in 207 samples related to 102 CML patients. Fourteen (14%) out of 102 CML patients discontinued the TKIs therapy. Among them, 3 patients (21%) lost DMR and all of them showed dPCR values > 0.468 BCR-ABL1 copies/▢l (previously described as cut-off for a deep MRD), while 11 (79%) maintained a stable DMR and 9 of them (82%) fell under the value of 0.468 BCR-ABL1 copies/▢l. These latter patients stratified in different DMR classes by qPCR and all had undetectable level of BCR-ABL1 by qPCR. In 149 out of 207, qPCR revealed DMR. They were: MR4.0= 59 samples; MR4.5= 61 cases; MR5.0 = 29 cases. One hundred twenty-five (84%) fell under the value of 0.468 BCR-ABL1 copies/▢l. A linear regression analysis in these samples did not show any correlation between BCR-ABL1 copies/▢l detected by qPCR with the ones detected by dPCR (R2 < 0.01). On the basis of our preliminary results, TFR seems to be correlated to the maintenance of dPCR values < 0.468 BCR-ABL1 copies/▢l. The concordance between qPCR and dPCR quantification in patients with DMR and with BCR-ABL1 copies/▢l value < 0.468 was poor. Patients with dPCR values < 0.468 BCR-ABL1 copies/▢l may have 75% of probability to maintain TFR status. These results suggest that dPCR may be more sensitive to detect the MRD and could be more useful for DMR monitoring and for dissecting the best candidate to discontinuation of therapy with TKIs. Disclosures Tiribelli: Ariad Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau. Castagnetti:Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Honoraria; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria; ARIAD Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Honoraria; Pfizer: Consultancy, Honoraria. Soverini:Novartis: Consultancy; Ariad: Consultancy; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy. Rosti:Pfizer: Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Roche: Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; BMS: Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Incyte: Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau. Martinelli:Roche: Consultancy; ARIAD: Consultancy; Pfizer: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; Genentech: Consultancy; Amgen: Consultancy; MSD: Consultancy; Roche: Consultancy; ARIAD: Consultancy; Pfizer: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; BMS: Speakers Bureau; Genentech: Consultancy; Amgen: Consultancy; Novartis: Speakers Bureau; MSD: Consultancy.
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- 2016
112. Histopathological analysis of the olfactory epithelium of zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to sublethal doses of urea
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Simone Bettini, Valeria Franceschini, Maurizio Lazzari, Sara Ferrando, Lorenzo Gallus, Bettini, Simone, Lazzari, Maurizio, Ferrando, Sara, Gallus, Lorenzo, and Franceschini, Valeria
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0301 basic medicine ,Olfactory system ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pathology ,Histology ,Evolution ,Gα olf ,Biology ,TRPC2 ,Olfactory Receptor Neurons ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Olfactory mucosa ,0302 clinical medicine ,Olfactory Mucosa ,Behavior and Systematics ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Urea ,PCNA ,Water Pollutants ,Chronic toxicity ,Molecular Biology ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Zebrafish ,Analysis of Variance ,Ecology ,TrkA ,Environmental exposure ,Original Articles ,Cell Biology ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematic ,Immunohistochemistry ,Olfactory Bulb ,GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits ,Olfactory bulb ,030104 developmental biology ,Endocrinology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,Toxicity ,Anatomy ,Olfactory epithelium ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Neuroepithelium ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
Chronic renal disease is known to alter olfactory function, but the specific changes induced in olfactory organs during this process remain unclear. Of the uraemic toxins generated during renal disease, high levels of urea are known to induce hyposmic conditions. In this study, the effects of environmental exposure to elevated concentrations of urea (7, 13.5 and 20 g L(-1)) on the sensory mucosa of zebrafish in acute toxicity and chronic toxicity tests were described. It was observed that lamellae maintained structural integrity and epithelial thickness was slightly reduced, but only following exposure to the highest concentrations of urea. Pan-neuronal labelling with anti-Hu revealed a negative correlation with levels of urea, leading to investigation of whether distinct neuronal subtypes were equally sensitive. Using densitometric analysis of immunolabelled tissues, numbers of Gα olf-, TRPC2- and TrkA-expressing cells were compared, representing ciliated, microvillous and crypt neurons, respectively. The three neuronal subpopulations responded differently to increasing levels of urea. In particular, crypt cells were more severely affected than the other cell types, and Gα olf-immunoreactivity was found to increase when fish were exposed to low doses of urea. It can be concluded that exposure to moderate levels of urea leads to sensory toxicity directly affecting olfactory organs, in accordance with the functional olfactometric measurements previously reported in the literature.
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- 2015
113. Immunohistochemical and histochemical characteristics of the olfactory system of the guppy, Poecilia reticulata (Teleostei, Poecilidae).
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Bettini S, Lazzari M, Ciani F, and Franceschini V
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- Animals, Calbindin 2, Female, Lectins, Male, Olfactory Receptor Neurons metabolism, Poecilia metabolism, Olfactory Receptor Neurons cytology, Poecilia anatomy & histology, S100 Calcium Binding Protein G metabolism, S100 Proteins metabolism, Ubiquitin Thiolesterase metabolism
- Abstract
Olfaction in fish has been studied using preferentially macrosmatic species as models. In the present research, the labelling patterns of different neuronal markers and lectins were analyzed in the olfactory neurons and in their bulbar axonal endings in the guppy Poecilia reticulata, belonging to the group of microsmatic fish. We observed that calretinin immunostaining was confined to a population of olfactory receptor cells localized in the upper layers of the sensory mucosa, probably microvillous neurons innervating the lateral glomerular layer. Immunoreactivity for S100 proteins was mainly evident in crypt cells, but also in other olfactory cells belonging to subtypes projecting in distinct regions of the bulbs. Protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) was not detected in the olfactory system of the guppy. Lectin binding revealed the presence of N-acetylglucosamine and alpha-N-acetylgalactosamine residues in the glycoconjugates of numerous olfactory neurons ubiquitously distributed in the mucosa. The low number of sugar types detected suggested a reduced glycosidic variability that could be an index of restricted odorant discrimination, in concordance with guppy visual-based behaviors. Finally, we counted few crypt cells which were immunoreactive for S100 and calretinin. Crypt cells were more abundant in guppy females. This difference is in accordance with guppy gender-specific responses to pheromones. Cells immunoreactive to calretinin showed no evidence of ventral projections in the bulbs. We assumed the hypothesis that their odorant sensitivity is not strictly limited to pheromones or sexual signals in general.
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- 2009
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114. Glucose transporter distribution in the vessels of the central nervous system of the axolotl Ambystoma mexicanum (Urodela: Ambystomatidae).
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Lazzari M, Bettini S, Ciani F, and Franceschini V
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- Ambystoma mexicanum anatomy & histology, Animals, Biomarkers metabolism, Blood-Brain Barrier metabolism, Cerebral Arteries metabolism, Cerebral Veins metabolism, Endothelium, Vascular metabolism, Female, Male, Microcirculation, Ambystoma mexicanum metabolism, Blood Vessels metabolism, Central Nervous System blood supply, Glucose Transporter Type 1 metabolism
- Abstract
The GLUT-1 isoform of the glucose transporter is commonly considered a reliable molecular marker of blood-brain barrier endothelia in the neural vasculature organized in a three-dimensional network of single vessels. The central nervous system of the axolotl Ambystoma mexicanum is characterized by a vascular architecture that contains both single and paired vessels. The presence and distribution of the GLUT-1 transporter are studied in this urodele using both immunoperoxidase histochemistry and immunogold technique. Light microscopy reveals immunopositivity in both parenchymal and meningeal vessels. The transverse-sectioned pairs of vessels do not show the same size. Furthermore, in the same pair, the two elements often differ in diameter. The main regions of the central nervous system show a different percentage of the paired structures. Only immunogold cytochemistry reveals different staining intensity in the two adjoined elements of a vascular pair. Colloidal gold particles show an asymmetric distribution in the endothelia of both single and paired vessels. These particles are more numerous on the abluminal surface than on the luminal one. The particle density is calculated in both vascular types. The different values could indicate functional differences between single and paired vessels and between the two adjoined elements of a pair, regarding glucose transport.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
115. Light and transmission electron microscopy study of the peripheral olfactory organ of the guppy, Poecilia reticulata (Teleostei, Poecilidae).
- Author
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Lazzari M, Bettini S, Ciani F, and Franceschini V
- Subjects
- Animals, Female, Goblet Cells ultrastructure, Male, Microscopy, Electron, Transmission, Olfactory Mucosa anatomy & histology, Olfactory Receptor Neurons anatomy & histology, Olfactory Mucosa cytology, Olfactory Mucosa ultrastructure, Olfactory Receptor Neurons ultrastructure, Poecilia anatomy & histology
- Abstract
A study of the peripheral olfactory organ, with special attention to the olfactory epithelium, has been carried out in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata). Guppy is well known to have a vision-based sexual behavior. The olfactory chamber caudally opens directly in an accessory nasal sac, which is bent medially and gives rise to two recesses that can be considered secondary accessory nasal sacs, antero-medial and postero-medial, respectively. The sensory epithelium, which lines only the medial wall of the nasal cavity, is basically flat rising in a very low lamella only in the posterior part. The olfactory receptors are not evenly distributed in the olfactory mucosa, but aggregate in shallow folds separated by epithelial cells with evident microridges. Ciliated olfactory sensory neurons and microvillous olfactory sensory neurons are clearly identified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Scarce crypt olfactory neurons are found throughout the sensory folds. The nasal sacs indicates the capacity to regulate the flow of odorant molecules over the sensory epithelium, possibly through a pump-like mechanism associated with gill ventilation. The organization of the olfactory organ in guppy is simple and reminds what is found in early posthatching stages of fish which at the adult state have a well developed olfactory organ. This simple organization supports the idea that the guppy rely on olfaction less than other fish species provided with more extended olfactory receptorial surface.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
116. Surface glycoconjugates in the olfactory system of Ambystoma mexicanum.
- Author
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Franceschini V, Lazzari M, and Ciani F
- Subjects
- Acetylgalactosamine metabolism, Acetylglucosamine metabolism, Animals, Histocytochemistry, Histological Techniques, Ambystoma anatomy & histology, Glycoconjugates, Olfactory Bulb anatomy & histology, Olfactory Mucosa anatomy & histology
- Abstract
Lectin binding histochemistry was performed on the olfactory system of neotenic and metamorphosed Ambystoma mexicanum to investigate the distribution and density of defined carbohydrate residues on the cell surface glycoproteins of the olfactory and vomeronasal receptor cells and their terminals in the olfactory bulbs. The lectin binding patterns indicate that the main olfactory system possesses a high density of N-acetyl-galactosamine and N-acetyl-glucosamine residues, while the vomeronasal system contains a high density of N-acetyl-galactosamine and galactose moieties and a moderate density of N-acetyl-glucosamine. The presence of specific glycoproteins, whose terminal sugars are detected by lectin binding, might be related to the chemoreception and transduction of the odorous message into a nervous signal or to the histogenesis and development of the olfactory system. In fact, the olfactory and vomeronasal receptor cells are neurons that undergo a continuous cycle of proliferation not only during development but also in mature animals., (Copyright 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.)
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
117. Brain-capillary architecture of the newt, Triturus cristatus carnifex (Caudata: Salamandridae): Scanning electron-microscopical study of vascular corrosion casts.
- Author
-
Lazzari M, Ciani F, and Franceschini V
- Abstract
The brain-microvascular architecture of the newt (Triturus cristatus carnifex) was studied by scanning electron-microscopical examination of microvascular corrosion casts. It is characterized at the leptomeningeal level by a superficial network of single vessels that leave the meningeal sheath to form hairpin-shaped capillary loops. These loops penetrate the nervous parenchyma to varying depths and are variously bent, inclined, and twisted. Each hairpin-like loop consists of descending and ascending limbs connected by a distal U-shaped segment. The limbs are of equal diameter and lack physical differentiation. Some loops branch in a secondary loop, but there are no intraparenchymal connections with analogous surrounding structures. On vascular casts we observed detailed imprints of endothelial cell nuclei. This microvascular architecture is present in the whole brain except in leptomeninx and choroidal plexuses. The vascular pattern of T. cristatus carnifex resembles that of apodans. However, it differs from the anuran condition, which is characterized by a three-dimensional parenchymal network and from that of Ambystoma mexicanum which displays an intermediate condition between a single-capillary network and a capillary-loop model. At the level of paired capillaries, a counter-current exchange system may occur between the two limbs of the same loop, an arrangement that could promote uniformity of extracellular fluid composition in parenchyma., (Copyright © 1991 Wiley-Liss, Inc.)
- Published
- 1991
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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