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101. Evidence of escape of SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.351 from natural and vaccine-induced sera

Author

Zhou, Daming, primary, Dejnirattisai, Wanwisa, additional, Supasa, Piyada, additional, Liu, Chang, additional, Mentzer, Alexander J., additional, Ginn, Helen M., additional, Zhao, Yuguang, additional, Duyvesteyn, Helen M.E., additional, Tuekprakhon, Aekkachai, additional, Nutalai, Rungtiwa, additional, Wang, Beibei, additional, Paesen, Guido C., additional, Lopez-Camacho, Cesar, additional, Slon-Campos, Jose, additional, Hallis, Bassam, additional, Coombes, Naomi, additional, Bewley, Kevin, additional, Charlton, Sue, additional, Walter, Thomas S., additional, Skelly, Donal, additional, Lumley, Sheila F., additional, Dold, Christina, additional, Levin, Robert, additional, Dong, Tao, additional, Pollard, Andrew J., additional, Knight, Julian C., additional, Crook, Derrick, additional, Lambe, Teresa, additional, Clutterbuck, Elizabeth, additional, Bibi, Sagida, additional, Flaxman, Amy, additional, Bittaye, Mustapha, additional, Belij-Rammerstorfer, Sandra, additional, Gilbert, Sarah, additional, James, William, additional, Carroll, Miles W., additional, Klenerman, Paul, additional, Barnes, Eleanor, additional, Dunachie, Susanna J., additional, Fry, Elizabeth E., additional, Mongkolsapaya, Juthathip, additional, Ren, Jingshan, additional, Stuart, David I., additional, and Screaton, Gavin R., additional

Published
2021
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102. Reduced neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 variant by convalescent and vaccine sera

Author

Supasa, Piyada, primary, Zhou, Daming, additional, Dejnirattisai, Wanwisa, additional, Liu, Chang, additional, Mentzer, Alexander J., additional, Ginn, Helen M., additional, Zhao, Yuguang, additional, Duyvesteyn, Helen M.E., additional, Nutalai, Rungtiwa, additional, Tuekprakhon, Aekkachai, additional, Wang, Beibei, additional, Paesen, Guido C., additional, Slon-Campos, Jose, additional, López-Camacho, César, additional, Hallis, Bassam, additional, Coombes, Naomi, additional, Bewley, Kevin R., additional, Charlton, Sue, additional, Walter, Thomas S., additional, Barnes, Eleanor, additional, Dunachie, Susanna J., additional, Skelly, Donal, additional, Lumley, Sheila F., additional, Baker, Natalie, additional, Shaik, Imam, additional, Humphries, Holly E., additional, Godwin, Kerry, additional, Gent, Nick, additional, Sienkiewicz, Alex, additional, Dold, Christina, additional, Levin, Robert, additional, Dong, Tao, additional, Pollard, Andrew J., additional, Knight, Julian C., additional, Klenerman, Paul, additional, Crook, Derrick, additional, Lambe, Teresa, additional, Clutterbuck, Elizabeth, additional, Bibi, Sagida, additional, Flaxman, Amy, additional, Bittaye, Mustapha, additional, Belij-Rammerstorfer, Sandra, additional, Gilbert, Sarah, additional, Hall, David R., additional, Williams, Mark A., additional, Paterson, Neil G., additional, James, William, additional, Carroll, Miles W., additional, Fry, Elizabeth E., additional, Mongkolsapaya, Juthathip, additional, Ren, Jingshan, additional, Stuart, David I., additional, and Screaton, Gavin R., additional

Published
2021
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103. The antigenic anatomy of SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain

Author

Dejnirattisai, Wanwisa, primary, Zhou, Daming, additional, Ginn, Helen M., additional, Duyvesteyn, Helen M.E., additional, Supasa, Piyada, additional, Case, James Brett, additional, Zhao, Yuguang, additional, Walter, Thomas S., additional, Mentzer, Alexander J., additional, Liu, Chang, additional, Wang, Beibei, additional, Paesen, Guido C., additional, Slon-Campos, Jose, additional, López-Camacho, César, additional, Kafai, Natasha M., additional, Bailey, Adam L., additional, Chen, Rita E., additional, Ying, Baoling, additional, Thompson, Craig, additional, Bolton, Jai, additional, Fyfe, Alex, additional, Gupta, Sunetra, additional, Tan, Tiong Kit, additional, Gilbert-Jaramillo, Javier, additional, James, William, additional, Knight, Michael, additional, Carroll, Miles W., additional, Skelly, Donal, additional, Dold, Christina, additional, Peng, Yanchun, additional, Levin, Robert, additional, Dong, Tao, additional, Pollard, Andrew J., additional, Knight, Julian C., additional, Klenerman, Paul, additional, Temperton, Nigel, additional, Hall, David R., additional, Williams, Mark A., additional, Paterson, Neil G., additional, Bertram, Felicity K.R., additional, Siebert, C. Alistair, additional, Clare, Daniel K., additional, Howe, Andrew, additional, Radecke, Julika, additional, Song, Yun, additional, Townsend, Alain R., additional, Huang, Kuan-Ying A., additional, Fry, Elizabeth E., additional, Mongkolsapaya, Juthathip, additional, Diamond, Michael S., additional, Ren, Jingshan, additional, Stuart, David I., additional, and Screaton, Gavin R., additional

Published
2021
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104. Antibody evasion by the Brazilian P.1 strain of SARS-CoV-2

Author

Dejnirattisai, Wanwisa, primary, Zhou, Daming, additional, Supasa, Piyada, additional, Liu, Chang, additional, Mentzer, Alexander J., additional, Ginn, Helen M., additional, Zhao, Yuguang, additional, Duyvesteyn, Helen M.E., additional, Tuekprakhon, Aekkachai, additional, Nutalai, Rungtiwa, additional, Wang, Beibei, additional, Paesen, Guido C., additional, López-Camacho, César, additional, Slon-Campos, Jose, additional, Walter, Thomas S., additional, Skelly, Donal, additional, Clemens, Sue Ann Costa, additional, Naveca, Felipe Gomes, additional, Nascimento, Valdinete, additional, Nascimento, Fernanda, additional, da Costa, Cristiano Fernandes, additional, Resende, Paola C., additional, Pauvolid-Correa, Alex, additional, Siqueira, Marilda M., additional, Dold, Christina, additional, Levin, Robert, additional, Dong, Tao, additional, Pollard, Andrew J., additional, Knight, Julian C., additional, Crook, Derrick, additional, Lambe, Teresa, additional, Clutterbuck, Elizabeth, additional, Bibi, Sagida, additional, Flaxman, Amy, additional, Bittaye, Mustapha, additional, Belij-Rammerstorfer, Sandra, additional, Gilbert, Sarah, additional, Carroll, Miles W., additional, Klenerman, Paul, additional, Barnes, Eleanor, additional, Dunachie, Susanna J., additional, Paterson, Neil G., additional, Williams, Mark A., additional, Hall, David R., additional, Hulswit, Ruben J. G., additional, Bowden, Thomas A., additional, Fry, Elizabeth E., additional, Mongkolsapaya, Juthathip, additional, Ren, Jingshan, additional, Stuart, David I., additional, and Screaton, Gavin R., additional

Published
2021
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105. Novel roles for Nogo receptor in inflammation and disease

Author

David, Samuel, Fry, Elizabeth J., and Lopez-Vales, Ruben

Subjects
Inflammation -- Risk factors, Inflammation -- Research, Cell receptors -- Physiological aspects, Cell receptors -- Health aspects, Cell receptors -- Research, Neurons -- Physiological aspects, Neurons -- Health aspects, Neurons -- Research, Health, Psychology and mental health
Abstract

The Nogo receptor (NgR), which was identified as a common receptor for three axon growth inhibitors associated with myelin, has been extensively characterized for its role in triggering growth cone collapse and arresting neurite/axon growth. Recent studies indicate that NgR is also expressed in nonneuronal cells and modulates macrophage responses during inflammation after peripheral nerve injury. In this article, we discuss the possibility that NgR might have wider effects on inflammation in a variety of neurological conditions ranging from central nervous system trauma to diseases such as multiple sclerosis or Alzheimer's disease.

Published
2008

107. Reduced Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 Variant from Naturally Acquired and Vaccine Induced Antibody Immunity

Author

Supasa, Piyada, primary, Zhou, Daming, additional, Dejnirattisai, Wanwisa, additional, Liu, Chang, additional, Mentzer, Alexander J., additional, Ginn, Helen M., additional, Zhao, Yuguang, additional, Duyvesteyn, Helen ME, additional, Nutalai, Rungtiwa, additional, Tuekprakhon, Aekkachai, additional, Wang, Beibei, additional, Paesen, Guido C., additional, Slon-Campos, Jose, additional, Lopez-Camacho, Cesar, additional, Hallis, Bassam, additional, Coombes, Naomi, additional, Bewley, Kevin, additional, Charlton, Sue, additional, Walter, Thomas S., additional, Barnes, Eleanor, additional, Dunachie, Susanna, additional, Skelly, Donal, additional, Lumley, Sheila, additional, Baker, Natalie, additional, Shaik, Imam, additional, Humphries, Holly, additional, Godwin, Kerry, additional, Gent, Nick, additional, Sienkiewicz, Alex, additional, Dold, Christina, additional, Levin, Robert, additional, Dong, Tao, additional, Pollard, Andrew, additional, Knight, Julian, additional, Klenerman, Paul, additional, Crook, Derrick W., additional, Lambe, Teresa, additional, Clutterbuck, Elizabeth, additional, Bibi, Sagida, additional, Flaxman, Amy, additional, Bittaye, Mustapha, additional, Belij-rammerstorfer, Sandra, additional, Gilbert, Sarah C., additional, Hall, David R., additional, Williams, Mark A., additional, Paterson, Neil G., additional, James, William, additional, Carroll, Miles W., additional, Fry, Elizabeth E., additional, Mongkolspaya, Juthathip, additional, Ren, Jingshan, additional, Stuart, David I., additional, and Screaton, Gavin R., additional

Published
2021
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108. Receptor Binding and Escape From Beta Antibody Responses Drive Omicron-B.1.1.529 Evolution

Author

Zahradnik, Jiri, primary, Tuekprakhon, Aekkachai, additional, Ginn, Helen M., additional, Duyvesteyn, Helen M.E., additional, Bahar, Mohammad, additional, Khan, Suman, additional, Avinoam, Ori, additional, Zhou, Daming, additional, Nutalai, Rungtiwa, additional, Supasa, Piyada, additional, Wang, Beibei, additional, Dejnirattisai, Wanwisa, additional, Liu, Chang, additional, Dijokaite, Aiste, additional, Temperton, Nigel, additional, Mongkolspaya, Juthathip, additional, Fry, Elizabeth, additional, Jingshan, Ren, additional, Screaton, Gavin R., additional, Schreiber, Gideon, additional, and Stuart, David I., additional

Published
2021
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109. Classical and Novel Prognostic Markers for Breast Cancer and their Clinical Significance

Author

Pankaj Taneja, Dejan Maglic, Fumitake Kai, Sinan Zhu, Robert D. Kendig, A. Fry Elizabeth, and Kazushi Inoue

Subjects
Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

The use of biomarkers ensures breast cancer patients receive optimal treatment. Established biomarkers such as estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) have been playing significant roles in the selection and management of patients for endocrine therapy. HER2 is a strong predictor of response to trastuzumab. Recently, the roles of ER as a negative and HER2 as a positive indicator for chemotherapy have been established. Ki67 has traditionally been recognized as a poor prognostic factor, but recent studies suggest that measurement of Ki67-positive cells during treatment will more effectively predict treatment efficacy for both anti-hormonal and chemotherapy. p53 mutations are found in 20–35% of human breast cancers and are associated with aggressive disease with poor clinical outcome when the DNA-binding domain is mutated. The utility of cyclin D1 as a predictor of breast cancer prognosis is controversial, but cyclin D1b overexpression is associated with poor prognosis. Likewise, overexpression of the low molecular weight form of cyclin E1 protein predicts poor prognosis. Breast cancers from BRCA1/2 carriers often show high nuclear grades, negativity to ER/PR/HER2, and p53 mutations, and thus, are associated with poor prognosis. The prognostic values of other molecular markers, such as p14 ARF , TBX2/3, VEGF in breast cancer are also discussed. Careful evaluation of these biomarkers with current treatment modality is required to determine whether their measurement or monitoring offer significant clinical benefits.

Published
2010
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110. Blockchain beyond bitcoin

Author

Starke, Andrew and Fry, Elizabeth

Subjects
Citibank N.A. (New York, New York), The Goldman Sachs Group Inc., Crypto-currencies, Banking industry, Investment banks, Financial services industry, Financial services industry, Banking industry, Banking, finance and accounting industries, Business
Abstract

Blockchain is best known as the technology that underpins and facilitates bitcoin and other crypto-currencies. But it is highly flexible, can be applied in a variety of instances and is [...]

Published
2016

111. Urban consumers to drive China's growth the big four Australian banks and AMP have repeatedly stressed that they are long-term players in China as the world's most populous country transitions from manufacturing and investment to services and consumption--but now there is more data to consider then ever before

Author

Starke, Andrew and Fry, Elizabeth

Subjects
Banks (Finance) -- Urban market, Company growth, Banking, finance and accounting industries, Business
Abstract

UNCERTAINTY REGARDING CHINA has been a factor behind global growth worries and share market volatility since mid last year with analysts increasingly turning to a variety of measures and indices [...]

Published
2016

119. Symmetrical arrangement of positively charged residues around the 5-fold axes of SAT type foot-and-mouth disease virus enhances cell culture of field viruses

Author

Chitray, Melanie, primary, Kotecha, Abhay, additional, Nsamba, Peninah, additional, Ren, Jingshan, additional, Maree, Sonja, additional, Ramulongo, Tovhowani, additional, Paul, Guntram, additional, Theron, Jacques, additional, Fry, Elizabeth E., additional, Stuart, David I., additional, and Maree, Francois F., additional

Published
2020
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120. Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 by Destruction of the Prefusion Spike

Author

Huo, Jiandong, primary, Zhao, Yuguang, additional, Ren, Jingshan, additional, Zhou, Daming, additional, Duyvesteyn, Helen M.E., additional, Ginn, Helen M., additional, Carrique, Loic, additional, Malinauskas, Tomas, additional, Ruza, Reinis R., additional, Shah, Pranav N.M., additional, Tan, Tiong Kit, additional, Rijal, Pramila, additional, Coombes, Naomi, additional, Bewley, Kevin R., additional, Tree, Julia A., additional, Radecke, Julika, additional, Paterson, Neil G., additional, Supasa, Piyada, additional, Mongkolsapaya, Juthathip, additional, Screaton, Gavin R., additional, Carroll, Miles, additional, Townsend, Alain, additional, Fry, Elizabeth E., additional, Owens, Raymond J., additional, and Stuart, David I., additional

Published
2020
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121. The SARS-CoV-2 Spike harbours a lipid binding pocket which modulates stability of the prefusion trimer

Author

Carrique, Loic, primary, Duyvesteyn, Helen ME, additional, Malinauskas, Tomas, additional, Zhao, Yuguang, additional, Ren, Jingshan, additional, Zhou, Daming, additional, Walter, Thomas S, additional, Radecke, Julika, additional, Huo, Jiandong, additional, Ruza, Reinis R, additional, Shah, Pranav NM, additional, Fry, Elizabeth E, additional, and Stuart, David I, additional

Published
2020
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122. Structural basis for the neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 by an antibody from a convalescent patient

Author

Zhou, Daming, primary, Duyvesteyn, Helen ME, additional, Chen, Cheng-Pin, additional, Huang, Chung-Guei, additional, Chen, Ting-Hua, additional, Shih, Shin-Ru, additional, Lin, Yi-Chun, additional, Cheng, Chien-Yu, additional, Cheng, Shu-Hsing, additional, Huang, Yhu-Chering, additional, Lin, Tzou-Yien, additional, Ma, Che, additional, Huo, Jiandong, additional, Carrique, Loic, additional, Malinauskas, Tomas, additional, Ruza, Reinis R, additional, Shah, Pranav NM, additional, Tan, Tiong Kit, additional, Rijal, Pramila, additional, Donat, Robert F., additional, Godwin, Kerry, additional, Buttigieg, Karen, additional, Tree, Julia, additional, Radecke, Julika, additional, Paterson, Neil G, additional, Supasa, Piyasa, additional, Mongkolsapaya, Juthathip, additional, Screaton, Gavin R, additional, Carroll, Miles W., additional, Jaramillo, Javier G., additional, Knight, Michael, additional, James, William, additional, Owens, Raymond J, additional, Naismith, James H., additional, Townsend, Alain, additional, Fry, Elizabeth E, additional, Zhao, Yuguang, additional, Ren, Jingshan, additional, Stuart, David I, additional, and Huang, Kuan-Ying A., additional

Published
2020
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124. ­­­The Antigenic Anatomy of SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Binding Domain

Author

Dejnirattisai, Wanwisa, primary, Zhou, Daming, additional, Ginn, Helen M., additional, Duyvesteyn, Helen ME, additional, Supasa, Piyada, additional, Case, James Brett, additional, Zhao, Yuguang, additional, Walter, Thomas S., additional, Mentzer, Alexander J., additional, Liu, Chang, additional, Wang, Beibei, additional, Paesen, Guido C., additional, Slon-Campos, Jose, additional, Lopez-Camacho, Cesar, additional, Kafai, Natasha M., additional, Bailey, Adam L., additional, Chen, Rita E., additional, Ying, Baoling, additional, Thompson, Craig P., additional, Fyfe, Alex, additional, Gupta, Sunetra, additional, Tan, Tiong, additional, Gilbert-Jaramillo, Javier, additional, James, William, additional, Buttigieg, Karen, additional, Coombes, Naomi, additional, Carroll, Miles W., additional, Skelly, Donal, additional, Dold, Christina, additional, Peng, Yanchun, additional, Levin, Robert, additional, Dong, Tao, additional, Pollard, Andrew, additional, Knight, Julian, additional, Klenerman, Paul, additional, Temperton, Nigel, additional, Hall, David R., additional, Williams, Mark A., additional, Paterson, Neil G., additional, Bertram, Felicity K.R., additional, Seibert, C. Alistair, additional, Clare, Daniel K., additional, Howe, Andrew, additional, Raedecke, Julika, additional, Song, Yun, additional, Townsend, Alain, additional, Huang, Kuan-Ying A., additional, Fry, Elizabeth E., additional, Mongkolspaya, Juthathip, additional, Diamond, Michael S., additional, Ren, Jingshan, additional, Stuart, David I., additional, and Screaton, Gavin R., additional

Published
2020
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127. THE ART OF INVESTING.

Author

Fry, Elizabeth

Subjects
STOCK exchanges, INTEREST rates, MONETARY policy, PRICE inflation, STOCKS (Finance)
Published
2022

128. A dealmaker under pressure

Author

Fry, Elizabeth

Subjects
Investment companies -- Officials and employees, Investment companies -- Management, Private equity -- Forecasts and trends, Investments -- Management, Investments -- Forecasts and trends, Company business management, Market trend/market analysis, Business, Business, general
Published
2007

129. Back from the edge

Author

Fry, Elizabeth

Subjects
Village Roadshow Corporation Ltd. -- Growth, Village Roadshow Corporation Ltd. -- Management, Video production companies -- Growth, Video production companies -- Management, Motion picture industry -- Growth, Motion picture industry -- Management, Company growth, Company business management, Business, Business, general
Published
2007

130. Structure-based Optimization of MurF Inhibitors

Author

Stamper, Geoffrey F., Longenecker, Kenton L., Fry, Elizabeth H., Jakob, Clarissa G., Florjancic, Alan S., Gu, Yu-Gui, Anderson, David D., Cooper, Curt S., Zhang, Tianyuan, Clark, Richard F., Cia, Yingna, Black-Schaefer, Candace L., McCall, J. Owen, Lerner, Claude G., Hajduk, Philip J., Beutel, Bruce A., and Stoll, Vincent S.

Published
2006

132. Crystal structure of SIV matrix antigen and implications for virus assembly

Author

Rao, Zihe, Belyaev, Alexander S., Fry, Elizabeth, Roy, Polly, Jones, Ian M., and Stuart, David I.

Subjects
Simian immunodeficiency virus -- Research, Proteins -- Structure, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

The crystal structure of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) matrix antigen (MA) indicates the formation of a trimer with many biological properties of MA. SIV is similar to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and their matrix antigens are identical in about half of the sequences. MA is a part of the Pr55Gag protein that is necessary for assembly of the virion shell. MA helps in the incorporation of virus envelope protein and assembly of the Pr55Gag shell.

Published
1995

133. Figure fiddles

Author

Fry, Elizabeth

Subjects
Accounting -- Standards, Corporations -- Accounting and auditing, Business, Business, general
Abstract

Suspicious accounting practices used by corporations and the shortcomings of accounting regulations in Australia are discussed. Instances of suspicious accounting practices at United Energy, Amcor, National Foods and Cable & Wireless Opus are presented. Items that investors should look for in annual reports to indicate possible financial problems are also presented.

Published
2002

137. Correction to “Structure-Based in Silico Screening Identifies a Potent Ebolavirus Inhibitor from a Traditional Chinese Medicine Library”

Author

Shaikh, Faraz, primary, Zhao, Yuguang, additional, Alvarez, Luis, additional, Iliopoulou, Maria, additional, Lohans, Christopher, additional, Schofield, Christopher J., additional, Padilla-Parra, Sergi, additional, Siu, Shirley W. I., additional, Fry, Elizabeth E., additional, Ren, Jingshan, additional, and Stuart, David I., additional

Published
2019
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138. Structure-Based in Silico Screening Identifies a Potent Ebolavirus Inhibitor from a Traditional Chinese Medicine Library

Author

Shaikh, Faraz, primary, Zhao, Yuguang, additional, Alvarez, Luis, additional, Iliopoulou, Maria, additional, Lohans, Christopher, additional, Schofield, Christopher J., additional, Padilla-Parra, Sergi, additional, Siu, Shirley W. I., additional, Fry, Elizabeth E., additional, Ren, Jingshan, additional, and Stuart, David I., additional

Published
2019
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146. Structures of foot and mouth disease virus pentamers: Insight into capsid dissociation and unexpected pentamer reassociation

Author

Malik, Nayab, Kotecha, Abhay, Gold, Sarah, Asfor, Amin, Ren, Jingshan, Huiskonen, Juha T., Tuthill, Tobias J., Fry, Elizabeth E., Stuart, David I., Tao, Y, and Helsinki Institute of Life Science HiLIFE

Subjects
RNA viruses, Models, Molecular, Sucrose, OUTBREAK, viruses, CRYO-EM, Disaccharides, Viral Packaging, Animal Diseases, Virions, Electron Microscopy, Biology (General), EM STRUCTURE DETERMINATION, 1183 Plant biology, microbiology, virology, Microscopy, Organic Compounds, Physics, virus diseases, Condensed Matter Physics, Chemistry, Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus, Physical Sciences, Viruses, RNA, Viral, PARTICLE, Research Article, QH301-705.5, Picornaviruses, Foot and Mouth Disease, Carbohydrates, Viral Structure, Research and Analysis Methods, Microbiology, Capsid, Virology, ATOMIC-RESOLUTION, ANTIGENICITY, Electron Density, RECEPTOR, Organic Chemistry, Organisms, Chemical Compounds, Virion, Biology and Life Sciences, Electron Cryo-Microscopy, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, RC581-607, Viral Replication, Capsid Proteins, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, Zoology
Abstract

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) belongs to the Aphthovirus genus of the Picornaviridae, a family of small, icosahedral, non-enveloped, single-stranded RNA viruses. It is a highly infectious pathogen and is one of the biggest hindrances to the international trade of animals and animal products. FMDV capsids (which are unstable below pH6.5) release their genome into the host cell from an acidic compartment, such as that of an endosome, and in the process dissociate into pentamers. Whilst other members of the family (enteroviruses) have been visualized to form an expanded intermediate capsid with holes from which inner capsid proteins (VP4), N-termini (VP1) and RNA can be released, there has been no visualization of any such state for an aphthovirus, instead the capsid appears to simply dissociate into pentamers. Here we present the 8-Å resolution structure of isolated dissociated pentamers of FMDV, lacking VP4. We also found these pentamers to re-associate into a rigid, icosahedrally symmetric assembly, which enabled their structure to be solved at higher resolution (5.2 Å). In this assembly, the pentamers unexpectedly associate ‘inside out’, but still with their exposed hydrophobic edges buried. Stabilizing interactions occur between the HI loop of VP2 and its symmetry related partners at the icosahedral 3-fold axes, and between the BC and EF loops of VP3 with the VP2 βB-strand and the CD loop at the 2-fold axes. A relatively extensive but subtle structural rearrangement towards the periphery of the dissociated pentamer compared to that in the mature virus provides insight into the mechanism of dissociation of FMDV and the marked difference in antigenicity., Author summary This is the first structure of dissociated pentamers for FMDV, and indeed for any picornavirus. We also present the first visualization of a picornavirus particle assembled from pentamers comprising VP1, 2 and 3. The formation of regular assemblies rather than random aggregates has enabled us to solve the structure to relatively high resolution using cryo-electron microscopy. Overall there are remarkably few large-scale conformational changes in the dis-assembled pentamer from its structure in the intact virion, suggesting that the mature virus pentamer is essentially a stable endpoint. However, a small rotation in VP3 abrogates the usual pentamer interface and together with the lack of VP4 drives the abnormal inside-out association of these pentameric subunits, rather than the correct capsid assembly. This change in conformation of the dis-assembled pentamer changes the antigenic surface and presumably underlies, in part, the loss of efficacy of vaccines if native particle integrity is destroyed.

Published
2017

147. Rules of engagement between αvβ6 integrin and foot-and-mouth disease virus

Author

Kotecha, Abhay, Wang, Quan, Dong, Xianchi, Ilca, Serban L., Ondiviela, Marina, Zihe, Rao, Seago, Julian, Charleston, Bryan, Fry, Elizabeth E., Abrescia, Nicola G. A., Springer, Timothy A., Huiskonen, Juha T., and Stuart, David I.

Subjects
Integrins, Binding Sites, Science, viruses, Amino Acid Motifs, Cryoelectron Microscopy, CHO Cells, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, Virus Replication, Article, Capsid, Cricetulus, Antigens, Neoplasm, Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus, Polysaccharides, Cricetinae, Animals, Receptors, Virus, Capsid Proteins, Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions, Oligopeptides, Protein Binding
Abstract

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) mediates cell entry by attachment to an integrin receptor, generally αvβ6, via a conserved arginine–glycine–aspartic acid (RGD) motif in the exposed, antigenic, GH loop of capsid protein VP1. Infection can also occur in tissue culture adapted virus in the absence of integrin via acquired basic mutations interacting with heparin sulphate (HS); this virus is attenuated in natural infections. HS interaction has been visualized at a conserved site in two serotypes suggesting a propensity for sulfated-sugar binding. Here we determined the interaction between αvβ6 and two tissue culture adapted FMDV strains by cryo-electron microscopy. In the preferred mode of engagement, the fully open form of the integrin, hitherto unseen at high resolution, attaches to an extended GH loop via interactions with the RGD motif plus downstream hydrophobic residues. In addition, an N-linked sugar of the integrin attaches to the previously identified HS binding site, suggesting a functional role., Foot-and-mouth disease virus binds αvβ6 integrin, via a conserved RGD motif in the flexible, exposed GH loop of capsid protein VP1, for cell entry. Here Kotecha et al. visualize this interaction with the VP1 GH loop extending away from the viral surface, engaging αvβ6 in an open, active state.

Published
2017

148. PAINT-BY-NUMBER OR PICASSO? A GROUNDED THEORY PHENOMENOGRAPHICAL STUDY OF STUDENTS' CONCEPTIONS OF STATISTICS6.

Author

JUSTICE, NICOLA, MORRIS, SAMANTHA, HENRY, VERONIQUE, and FRY, ELIZABETH BRONDOS

Subjects
UNDERGRADUATES, PHENOMENOGRAPHY
Abstract

Statistics students' conceptions of the work of statisticians and the discipline of statistics may play an important role in the topics to which they attend and their interest in pursuing further study. To learn about students' conceptions, we collected open-ended survey responses from 44 undergraduate students who had completed introductory statistics courses. We used a grounded theory phenomenographical qualitative approach to identify several themes in students' conceptions. In addition to the test-and-procedure conception, we offer several other themes, such as acknowledgement of variation and the role of ethical integrity. We use a metaphor of painting styles to compare to experts' conceptions of statistics. By identifying "seeds" of what may be developed into expert conceptions, these preliminary results set possible foundations to explore trajectories that may help shape students' conceptions of statistics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020

150. Generation and characterisation of recombinant FMDV antibodies: Applications for advancing diagnostic and laboratory assays

Author

Shimmon, Gareth, primary, Kotecha, Abhay, additional, Ren, Jingshan, additional, Asfor, Amin S., additional, Newman, Joseph, additional, Berryman, Stephen, additional, Cottam, Eleanor M., additional, Gold, Sarah, additional, Tuthill, Toby J., additional, King, Donald P., additional, Brocchi, Emiliana, additional, King, Andrew M. Q., additional, Owens, Ray, additional, Fry, Elizabeth E., additional, Stuart, David I., additional, Burman, Alison, additional, and Jackson, Terry, additional

Published
2018
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