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To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2006.05.003 Byline: Siqi Zheng (a), Yuming Fu (b), Hongyu Liu (a) Keywords: Bid-rent gradient; Urban spatial structure; Location choice; Housing markets; Transition economies Abstract: In a monocentric city with a well-functioning residential market, Pareto-efficient spatial equilibrium entails the sorting of residents according to their bid-rent gradient in descending order away from city center. Violation of this sorting condition creates opportunities for Pareto-improving trading of locations and can be sustained only if the market is hindered. We propose a simple ordered-location-choice model using matched location and location-preference data of individual households to examine violations of the Pareto-efficient spatial sorting condition. In so doing we are able to identify population groups facing housing-choice hindrances. We find in a sample of Chinese cities undergoing housing market liberalization that poor marketability of the previously state-provided homes, inadequate provision of housing finance, and spatial mismatch between job-market and housing-market opportunities contribute to a Pareto-inefficient spatial structure. Author Affiliation: (a) Institute of Real Estate Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China (b) Department of Real Estate, National University of Singapore, 4 Architecture Drive, Singapore, 117566 Article History: Received 13 March 2005; Revised 8 May 2006

When a developer acquires land below its market rate, an industry receives abnormally high returns on purchase of the land.

Real estate indices based on appraisals or sale prices of properties are known for their slow response to market news. These indices can therefore be represented (in logarithm) as the [...]

Rational urban spatial development with durable structural capital entails discontinuous central densification. Such densification can be held back by interdependent redevelopment incentives among adjacent landowners—a market failure that distorts spatial development. We investigate such distortion in Christchurch, New Zealand, by studying land‐value change across neighborhoods in the city before and after the 2010‐2011 earthquakes. We show that neighborhood‐wide loss in structural capital due to seismic hazard exposure raised land value in central neighborhoods but reduced it in non‐central ones. These divergent land‐value changes reflect the mitigation of spatial‐development distortion because of reduced barriers to neighborhood redevelopment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article evaluates how restrictions on the density of development sites effects land use regulations, by presenting a model which identifies the ratio of building space to lot area. The affects of land prices on redevelopment sites in Shanghai, China's emerging real estate market are measured., This article evaluates how restrictions on the density of development sites effects land use regulations, by presenting a model which identifies the ratio of building space to lot area. The affects of land prices on redevelopment sites in Shanghai, China's emerging real estate market are measured.

Issues regarding the intention to buy commodity housing by Chinese urban workers are discussed. A survey shows this intention to be sensitive to various incentives and the access to publicly subsidized housing is at least as important as the affordability of commodity housing in discouraging private home ownership.

The intelligent simulation of Sports can match the actual game and is of great significance to the development of Sports. Sports is a system in which multiple agents work together. Compared with a single agent, the learning space of multiple agents increases sharply as the number of agents increases, so the learning difficulty increases. Therefore, based on machine learning technology, this study combines with the actual situation to build a Sports simulation system. Moreover, after establishing a more reasonable team defensive formation and strategy, the overall movement of the agent is optimized, and the corresponding structural model has been established in combination with various actions. In addition, this study designs a controlled trial to analyze the performance of the model. The research shows that the proposed method has certain effects and can provide theoretical reference for subsequent related research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Light intensity and nitrogen concentration in nutrient solutions are two main factors affecting the growth and nutritional quality of lettuce(Lactuca sativa L.). This study investigated the method of regulating vegetable cultivation through the interactive control of the light environment and solution ratio. A quadratic regression orthogonal model was developed to understand the role of light intensity (43 to 237 µmol m−2s−1) and nitrogen concentration (4.3 to 23.7 mmol L−1) in lettuce growth. Dry weight, vitamin C, and nitrate contents were measured and modelled to understand the coupling effect of light intensity and nitrogen concentration on lettuce. The optimised conditions for lettuce growth were 237 µmol m−2 s−1 of light intensity and 9.2 mmol L−1 of nitrogen concentration, and these conditions were predicted to produce lettuce with an average dry biomass of 3.9 g plant−1, 149.9 µg g−1 of Vitamin C, and 212.1 µg g−1 of nitrate content based on their respective weighting factors (0.50, 0.25, and 0.25). The lettuce yield and quality were verified using the modelled optimised growth conditions and the lettuce grown was indeed more nutritional compared to the commercially available lettuce. The findings are important for mass production of lettuce in plant factories and greenhouses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The laser cladding coating materials were based on iron-based powders, with the additions of TiC, WC and siC mufti-component reinforced phases. The chemical reaction direction and reaction degree in laser cladding processes were analyzed by thermodynamics according to the free energy change theory, and the dissolution mechanism of the ceramic reinforced phases was studied. The research results show that under the given processing parameters and lasers, the coat surface may produce the high temperature of about 2 000 - 3 000 AK. Through the microstructure analysis, is found that the ceramic materials primarily or completely dissolve in the temperature ranges above, and the free Fe, CPR, In plasma or particles in the rotten pool react with the decomposed Ti, W, si and C elements one after another. The materials possess certain recently as well as strength and hardness of ceramic phases, such as FeNi2Ti, Fe-C-Ni-si and other new alloy phases or solid solutions, and achieve the effectiveness of strengthening coaling properties which is the same as the results of theoretical analysis model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Bioregenerative life support systems (BLSS) provide self‐sufficient food ingredients to support long‐term manned missions. It is crucial to transform raw food ingredients that are regenerated in situ in BLSS into nutritional and delectable meals for spacecraft crews. It is in our interest to develop a dietary menu with Chinese characteristics that comprises biomass produced in situ with BLSS regenerated ingredients. RESULTS: Here we report an optimized Chinese 4‐day diet meal plan for 'Lunar Palace 1' that is nutritionally balanced and highly acceptable. The 2900 cal diet menu not only meets the requirements of a balanced diet for crews but also exceeds the recommended levels for most nutrients. Specifically, daily fresh food consumption in our meal plan is 1267 g day−1, of which 78% is provided by crops and insects regenerated in situ in the BLSS. The meal plan is highly favored by Chinese crews, with acceptability as high as 7.8–8.2 on a 9‐point hedonic scale. We further confirmed that our meal plan satisfies crews' basic nutritional needs through a 105‐day closed habitation experiment. CONCLUSION: In brief, the findings provide new insights for dietary meal plan design in future long‐term manned missions. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yuming Fu [*] Lilian K. Ng [**] This paper develops a methodology to identify asset price response to news in the framework of the Campbell--Shiller log-linear present-value equation. We further [...]