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A cavernicolous sesarmid crab, Karstarma boholano (Ng, 2002), is recorded on the basis of the specimens collected from anchialine caves in Tokuno-shima and Okinawa-jima islands, central Ryukyus, southwestern Japan. These records represent the first discoveries of K. boholano from these islands and extend the geographical range of this species northward., 論文

The Satsunan Islands, in the middle to the north of the Ryukyu Islands, Japan, are located in an important location for biogeography, as there is a shift of marine fauna in this region from subtropical to temperate. However, few have studied about marine biodiversity of this region for many taxa, with exceptions such as fishes. In this report, the biogeographic relations between the Coral Triangle region of highest marine diversity, and the Satsunan Islands, using previous reports related to species diversity of subclass Hexacorallia are reviewed. In the near future, it is strongly needed to more clearly reveal the species diversity of order Hexacorallia within the Satsunan Islands, a region of ecological variety, based on thorough and taxonomical surveys.

Polarized infrared (IR) reflectance measurements were performed on polyoxymethylene (POM) prepared by the extrusion method, and an abnormally high reflectance of ∼90% was observed along the extruded direction in the 1000 cm−1–900 cm−1 region. High reflectivity was found in samples made by the conventional injection molding. However, the response of the extrusion sample was higher than that of the injection sample, which can be attributed to the Reststrahlen band. The relative permittivity calculated from the polarized reflection spectrum of the extruded direction shows a notably deep negative region in this high reflectance frequency. Using x rays, by differential scanning calorimetry, and by field emission scanning electron microscopy characterization, the difference in crystallinity and morphology from the extrusion and the injection molding plate was investigated, and the difference in IR optical response was discussed. The conventional IR band assignment of POM was also discussed.

Heteroconger fugax sp. nov. New standard Japanese name: Nigemizu-chin'anago New English name: Shy Garden Eel Figures 1 ��4; Table 1 Heteroconger lentignosus (not B��hlke & Randall 1981): Senou et al. 2007:48, fig. 2 (Irabu-jima island, Miyako Islands, Japan, underwater photograph only). Holotype. KAUM ���I. 95673, 729.0 mm TL, off Shirahama, Setouchi, Amami-oshima island, Amami Islands, Kagoshima, Japan (28��12��N, 129��16��E), 32.5 m depth, 11 November 2016, coll. by hands, T. Fujii and K. Koeda. Diagnosis. A species of Heteroconger with the following combination of characters: body extremely slender, depth 1.2% TL and 1.0% TL at gill opening and anus, respectively; pre-dorsal-fin and pre-anal-fin vertebrae 8 and 67, respectively, total vertebrae 197; origin of dorsal fin slightly posterior to tip of appressed pectoral fin; numerus small conical cirri on chin; 2���3 rows of dark spots above and below lateral line; 6���7 rows of dark spots on interorbital space; large distinct white rectangular blotch on opercle; number and density of spots on head greater than those on body; lips spotted; ground color of body uniformly cream, without microscopic dark speckles. Description. Pre-dorsal-fin vertebrae 8; Pre-anal-fin vertebrae 67; total vertebrae 197; lateral-line pores before pectoral fin 7; lateral-line pores before anus 65; pectoral-fin rays 9; dorsal-fin rays before anus 182; total dorsal-fin rays 590; anal-fin rays 425; caudal-fin rays 9 + 8. Head pores (left side): supraorbital series 1 + 4; infraorbital series 3 + 3; preoperculomandibular series 5 + 3; supratemporal series 3. As percent of TL: HL 3.4%; Snout-anus length 30.1%; pre-dorsal-fin length 4.0%, trunk length 26.4%; tail length 67.4%; depth at gill opening 1.2%; depth at anus 1.0%. As percent of snout-anus length: HL 11.5%; predorsal-fin length 13.7%. As percent of HL: snout length 16.8%; eye diameter 19.2%; mouth width 24.5%; gill opening 9.1%; interbranchial distance 21.4%; depth at gill opening 34.2%; depth at anus 27.9%. Body extremely elongate, body depth similar throughout; greatest depth at gill opening. Body slightly compressed laterally along head, progressively more so to tail tip; tail much longer than body, anus at about 30% total length. Head slightly compressed ventrally; snout short, rounded. Mouth with fleshy lips; distinct fold extending to end of lips; upper lip confluent medially, enclosing anterior nostrils; posterior nostril located just in front of eye; no flap around posterior nostril; mouth strongly oblique, posterior margin of upper lip reaching below anterior rim of pupil; numerous conical cirri on chin (Fig. 2). Eye large, oval, weakly intruding into dorsal profile. Throat with developed folds extending to branchial aperture. Gill opening vertically slit, located before pectoral fins. Pectoral fins a small rounded flap; origin of dorsal-fin posterior to tip of appressed pectoral fin; dorsal and anal fins very low; tip of tail hardened, inflexible; caudal-fin rays not readily visible. Teeth small, numerous, in broad multi-serial patches anteriorly on jaws and vomer (Fig. 3); patches narrowing posteriorly to a point on vomer, or to 1 or 2 rows on jaws; posterior portion of maxillary patch flared laterally; anterior intermaxillary-vomerine teeth larger than other teeth. Live and fresh coloration (Figs. 1, 4). Body and head with small, round, discrete dark spots overlying a uniformly cream ground color, without microscopic dark speckles; dark spots in 2 or 3 irregular rows above and below lateral line; spots more numerous and crowded over entire head, smaller ventrally; ca. 20 spots surrounding eye; 6���7 rows of spots across interorbital area; a large distinct white rectangular blotch on opercle; three dark spots just anterior to white blotch confluent with each other to form an inverted fiddle-shaped blotch; fins semitransparent. Tip of numerous small conical cirri on chin dusky. Coloration of preserved. Coloration of body and head almost unchanged from live and fresh; dark spots on body and white blotch on opercle clearly distinguishable from background. Etymology. The specific name of the new species, fugax, means ���shy��� in Greek, in reference to their bashful nature. Distribution. Heteroconger fugax sp. nov. is currently known from the northwestern Pacific Ocean. The holotype was collected off Shirahama on the south coast of Amami-oshima island, Ryukyu Archipelago (Japan), facing the Oshima Strait; no other specimens appear to have been collected. Underwater photographs of colonies of the species were taken at the type locality in depths of 28.0��� 32.5 m (Fig. 4), in addition to underwater photographs of single individuals taken off Irabu-jima island, Miyako Islands (Japan)(KPM-NR 67322, 10��� 11 m depth), off northern Mindoro Island (Philippines)(KPM-NR 88296, 10 m) and Mabul Island, northeastern Borneo (KPM-NR 23927, 12 m). Habitat and ecological notes. Heteroconger fugax sp. nov. forms colonies in muddy bottoms at depths of ca. 30 m off Amami-oshima island, being absent from shallower or deeper areas around the type locality. However, photographic records from other localities were taken over sandy bottoms at depths of 10��� 12 m. Although sometimes exiting vertically more than 30 cm from their burrows, individuals immediately disappeared into the burrow when approached, their head holding steadily at ca. several centimeters depth (still visible from directly above the burrows). As a result of poor water visibility at the type locality (Remarks. Heteroconger fugax sp. nov. resembles H. tomberua Castle & Randall 1999, both species having a very slender body with numerous small dark spots on the body and head, about 200 vertebrae, and similar counts of head pores (Castle & Randall 1999). However, a comparison of H. fugax with the holotype and the original description of H. tomberua (USNM 349761: Fig. 5) showed that the former can be distinguished by the dorsal fin originating posterior to the appressed pectoral-fin tip (vs. anterior in H. tomberua), numerous conical cirri on the chin (vs. absent) (Fig. 2), a large distinct white rectangular blotch on the opercle (vs. none), dense dark spots over the entire head, including lips (vs. absent on throat, snout and lower jaws), and lacking microscopic dark speckles on the body (vs. present) (Fig. 1). In addition, H. fugax differs from H. tomberua in having slightly higher counts of preanal vertebrae (67 in H. fugax vs. 58���64 in H. tomberua), lateral-line pores before the anus (65 vs. 56���63), and shorter head length (11.5% in HL vs. 12.5���16.3%) and eye diameter (19.2% in HL vs. 22.8���27.6%) (Table 1). Heteroconger cobra B��hlke & Randall 1981, H. mercyae Allen & Erdmann 2009 and H. tricia Castle & Randall 1999 all have> 196 vertebrae (as does H. fugax). However, the coloration of these species, e.g. large black saddle on the head enclosing a U-shaped white marking, and pair of widely spaced black saddles with white central bar on the anterior body in H. cobra; zebra-like pattern of black and white bars in H. mercyae; and two rows of large round spots on the body in H. tricia; are very different from that of H. fugax. The remaining eight Heteroconger species have Heteroconger chapmani (Herre 1923) was regarded as ���unidentifiable��� in the revision of the subfamily Heterocongrinae because of an inadequately description (of 2 poorly preserved Philippine specimens), compounded by a lack of type specimens, color description or vertebral counts (Castle & Randall 1999). The species was omitted by Allen & Erdmann (2009) in their comparison of a newly undescribed species with valid congeners, and we followed their opinion. Senou et al. (2007) reported H. lentiginosus B��hlke & Randall 1981 from Irabu-jima island in the Miyako Islands, Japan, based on an underwater photograph (KPM-NR 6 7322). The photograph shows clearly a large distinct white rectangular blotch on the opercle (vs. absent in H. lentiginosus), circular numerous dark spots (vs. freckles) and head uniformly covered by spots (vs. uniformly dark brown), and is identical with H. fugax. Biswas et al. (2012) reported a species resembling H. fugax from Kalakkam, east coast of India, as H. tomberua, based on a specimen (ZSI F-10575/2) collected from the traveling water screen of the seawater cooling system of the nearby nuclear power station. The specimen was similar to H. fugax, having an extremely slender body (depth 1.16% of TL), 191 total vertebrae, dark spots on the head and body, a large distinct white blotch on the opercle, spots on the head more numerous and denser than on the body, lips spotted, and body ground color uniformly cream, lacking microscopic dark speckles. However, H. fugax differed in having the dorsal-fin origin posterior to tip of the appressed pectoral fin (vs. above middle of pectoral fin), 2���3 rows of dark spots above and below the lateral line (vs. 3���4 rows of dark spots restricted to anterior half of body, faint or lacking posteriorly), 6���7 row of spots across interorbital area (vs. 11���13 rows of spots), and numerous crowded dark spots over entire head (vs. ventral half of head lacking dark spots) all from Biswas et al. (2012). Clearly, Biswas et al.���s (2012) specimen is distinct from H. fugax, as well as from all other known species of Heteroconger, and remains to be formally identified., Published as part of Koeda, Keita, Fujii, Takuma & Motomura, Hiroyuki, 2018, A new garden eel, Heteroconger fugax (Congridae: Heterocongrinae), from the northwestern Pacific Ocean, pp. 287-295 in Zootaxa 4418 (3) on pages 288-294, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4418.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/1244892, {"references":["Bohlke, J. E. & Randall, J. E. (1981) Four new garden eels (Congridae, HeteroCongrinae) from the PaCifiC and Indian oCeans. Bulletin of Marine Science, 31, 366 - 382.","Senou, H., Kobayashi, Y. & Kobayashi, N. (2007) Coastal fishes of the Miyako Group, the Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Bulletin of Kanagawa Prefectural Museum (Natural Science), 36, 47 - 74.","Castle, P. H. J. & Randall, J. E. (1999) Revision of Indo-PaCifiC Garden Eels (Congridae: HeteroCongrinae), with desCriptions of five new speCies. Indo-Pacific Fishes, 30, 1 - 52.","Allen, G. R. & Erdmann, M. V. (2009) Heteroconger mercyae, a new speCies of garden eel (Congridae: HeteroCongridae) from West Papua, Indonesia. Aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology, 15, 135 - 142.","Allen, G. R. & Erdmann, M. V. (2012) Reef fishes of the East Indies. Vol 1. TropiCal Reef ResearCh, Perth, xiii + 424 pp.","Biswas, S., Mishra, S. S., Satpathy, K. K., Das, N. P. I., Selvanayagam, M. & Nayak, L. (2012) A new reCord of a garden eel, Heteroconger tomberua (ACtinopterygii: Anguilliformes: Congridae), from the Indian OCean. Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria, 42, 65 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.3750 / AIP 2011.42.1.08"]}

Koeda, Keita, Fujii, Takuma, Motomura, Hiroyuki (2018): A new garden eel, Heteroconger fugax (Congridae: Heterocongrinae), from the northwestern Pacific Ocean. Zootaxa 4418 (3): 287-295, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4418.3.6

Field sampling has never been performed in Yoro-jima and Uke-jima islands in the Amami Islands, Ryukyu Archipelago, southern Japan. 172 species (50 families) and a single species have previously been reported from Yoro-jima and Uke-jima islands, respectively, but these records (except for a single species from Uke-jima island) were based on visual recordings, and some of the identifications of the listed species are doubtful. Therefore, field sampling for three days at each island was conducted, and 182 specimens (89 species, 35 families) were collected. The present paper lists a total of 195 species of marine fish species occurring around Yoro-jima and Uke-jima islands on the bases of collected specimens and a single published piece of literature.

Twin pregnancy with chromosomal abnormalities mimicking a gestational trophoblastic disorder and coexistent foetus on ultrasound

Two specimens of the Pughead Pipefish, Bulbonaricus brauni, were collected from shallow water of Amami-oshima island, central Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. Previously B. brauni has been recorded in Japanese waters from the Yaeyama Islands, Okinawa-jima island, and the Ogasawara Islands. Therefore the present specimens represented the first record from the Amami Islands, and thenorthernmost record of the species.

沖縄島東海岸の大浦湾からニシヒラトゲコブシ ( 新称) Arcania novemspinosa(Lichtenstein, 1816) が採集された. 本邦初記録であり, 本種の形態的特徴および近似種との識別に関する報告を行った., Arcania novemspinosa (Lichtenstein, 1816)(Crastacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Leucosiidae) was recently collected from Oura Bay, Okinawa Island, Japan. This represents the first distributional record of the species from Japan. We briefly note the diagnostic characters of this species to distinguish it from its\nallied congeners., 論文

In Plautus' Bacchides we have in Chrysalus a typical cunning slave whose trickery, more than anything else, moves the play forward. The protagonist, however, leaves the stage just before the final act without celebrating his triumph. Stage action is taken over by the Bacchis sisters seducing a pair of old men and inviting them into their house, as if to reflect the change of the title from Menander's Dis Exapaton. No triumph, Chrysalus says to the spectators, because it is all too common (1073). Does this allude to real-life triumphs (thus Ritschl, Barsby), or to a stage convention (Fraenkel, Slater)? This paper attempts to see in the play a metatheatrical reference to the role of servus callidus and, from this point of view, compares the tricks used by Chrysalus and the Bacchis sisters. Points of comparison: (1) money is gained and wasted; (2) deceptions are based on suggesting the opposite of what one's goal is; (3) victims are enslaved and deemed worthless; (4) use of slave 's services. (1): the names of Chrysalus and Bacchis are in a meaningful juxtaposition(240-42, 703-05; 53, 372-73): while Chrysalus is interested in swindling people out of their money (218-21, 229-33, 640-50), the Bacchis sisters focus on luring them into their house to make them incur losses (62-72, 85-86). (2): comparison of 90-91 and 94-100 (Bacchis – Pistoclerus), 988-1043 (Chrysalus – Nicobulus), and 1173-74 with 1184-85 (Bacchis – Nicobulus), shows that similar psychological tactics may be seen at work. (3): finding it difficult to resist Bacchis' charm, Pistoclerus wonders if he is worth nothing (nihili 91) and, once seduced, tells her 'tibi me emancupo' (92). The term comptionalis senex, used of Nicobulus swindled out of his money (976), evidently emphasizes his worthless state. The old men who are victimized like sheep well shorn (1122-28), as predicted by Chrysalus (241-42), have lost all their value (exsoluere quanti fuere 1135). When charmed by Bacchis minor, Philoxenus too admits that he is worthless (nihili 1157) and the same is confirmed by Nicobulus as well (1162). At the end, Nicobulus says to Bacchides 'ducite nos tamquam addictos' (1205). Note also grex explicitly stating that the old men have been worthless (nihili 1207) since their youth, and Chrysalus calling Cleomachus worthless (nihili homo 904) once the deal has been done. (4): while Chrysalus envisions selling Nicobulus as a slave once he gets his job done (814-15, 976-77), the Bacchis sisters seem to keep their slaves in service. Pistoclerus, a typical adolenscens, weak and wavering at the start, seems to change his role and begins to act as if he were a cunning slave (to a lesser degree than Chrysalus), making smart replies to Lydus (e.g. 125-29, 161-62), bragging about his success as if he assumed the persona of Pellio acting the role of Epidicus(206-15), and driving back the parasite sent from Cleomachus (573-611). Since addicti (1205) are to serve as slaves until they have repaid their debt, the old men are supposed to do some menial work in the sisters' house. Conclusion: Chrysalus, an expert in eliciting money from people, has no further business with his victims who are, in his view, worthless. So, once his mission is complete, he just exits with all the booty to the quaestor (1075). The Bacchis sisters seem to use "the worthless'' to create stage action. In the final act, the moment the old sheep are said to be not just shorn but mute (1138-39) and the sisters are about to exit, Nicobulus begins to speak (1140), much to everyone's surprise (prodigium 1141). It is as if a mute character who is supposed just to stand by (astent 1134) speaks out and thus opens up a new strand of action. The paradox noted here, creation from nothing, recalls Pseudolus 395-405 and sounds significant for the whole play; from the grex we hear that were it not for such useless old men, they would not even be able to put on this drama (1207-10).