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Background: Cancer is a genetic disease caused by mutations in DNA and epigenetic alterations that control gene expression. The majority of epidermoid carcinomas develop within the fields of epithelial genetic alterations. The mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis of epidermoid carcinoma are as yet unknown; therefore, precise identifica tion of the risk factors is needed. Aim: The main aim of this study is to analyse and identify the emergence of the mutations described in the literature of the p53 gene with regard to the emergence of cancer in a sample of dysplas tic and cancerous lesions in oral cavity mucosa in the population of the south of Spain, in order to determine the presence of said mutations and the percentage of them in our population. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out, with a sample size of 22 patients with potentially malignant oral lesions ancillary to biopsy. All were patients, of both sexes, over 18 years of age from the Virgen del Rocío University Hospital with potentially malignant lesions in oral mucosa ancillary to biopsy (leukoplakias, erythroplasias or leukoerythopkias). An anatomopathological study was performed on all the samples and the le sions were divided into three types: low-grade dysplasia, high-grade dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma. In respect of the genome study process, a complete search or scan for mutations in exons 5, 6, 8 and 9 of the p 53 gene was carried out, given that in the IARC database we observed that the 5 and 6 as well as the 8 and 9 exon sizes can be scanned completely in this way, since they have amplificon sizes of 476 and 445 base pairs respectively. Results: In the scan for the complete exons 5, 6, 8 and 9 only a single result of interest was found to be described. In patient NBI 57 a change was observed in the TAT triplet by ATT of EXON 6, the change being of the T nucleotide by the A and in both directions both in Forward and Reverse. The exact location in the NCBI is GR Ch 37 p

The characteristics of six VOD platforms available in Spain are described, analyzed and compared: Netflix, Amazon Prime Video, HBO, Movistar+ Lite, Filmin and Disney +, through a set of forty rubrics, structured in five dimensions: basic information, devices and applications; contents; access and visualization and interaction of users. This analysis provides an overview of the platforms that allows a holistic understanding of the evolution and possibilities of these VOD services. It also offers an exhaustive characterization of each platform and a systematic comparison of its features, showing its strengths and limitations. It is concluded that the contents are the main value to attract customers, but other benefits are also considered, such as the number of devices from which to view or link simultaneously; number of profiles, parental control, browser extensions, registration information, search options and possibilities to rate and recommend content., Se describen, analizan y comparan las características de seis plataformas VOD disponibles en España: Netflix, Amazon Prime Video, HBO, Movistar+ Lite, Filmin y Disney+, mediante un conjunto de cuarenta rúbricas, estructuradas en cinco dimensiones: información básica, dispositivos y aplicaciones; contenidos; acceso y visualización e interacción de los usuarios. Este análisis proporciona una visión de conjunto de las plataformas que permite comprender de forma holística la evolución y las posibilidades de estos servicios VOD. También se ofrece una caracterización exhaustiva de cada plataforma y una comparación sistemática de sus prestaciones, mostrando sus fortalezas y limitaciones. Se concluye que los contenidos son el principal valor para atraer clientes, pero también se consideran otras prestaciones como el número de dispositivos desde los que ver o enlazar de forma simultánea; número de perfiles, control parental, extensiones para navegadores, información sobre altas, opciones de búsqueda y posibilidades para valorar y recomendar contenidos.

[Background+ Cancer is a genetic disease caused by mutations in DNA and epigenetic alterations that control gene expression. The majority of epidermoid carcinomas develop within the fields of epithelial genetic alterations. The mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis of epidermoid carcinoma are as yet unknown; therefore, precise identification of the risk factors is needed., [Aim] The main aim of this study is to analyse and identify the emergence of the mutations described in the literature of the p53 gene with regard to the emergence of cancer in a sample of dysplastic and cancerous lesions in oral cavity mucosa in the population of the south of Spain, in order to determine the presence of said mutations and the percentage of them in our population. [Material and Methods] A cross-sectional study was carried out, with a sample size of 22 patients with potentially malignant oral lesions ancillary to biopsy. All were patients, of both sexes, over 18 years of age from the Virgen del Rocío University Hospital with potentially malignant lesions in oral mucosa ancillary to biopsy (leukoplakias, erythroplasias or leukoerythopkias). An anatomopathological study was performed on all the samples and the lesions were divided into three types: low-grade dysplasia, high-grade dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma. In respect of the genome study process, a complete search or scan for mutations in exons 5, 6, 8 and 9 of the p 53 gene was carried out, given that in the IARC database we observed that the 5 and 6 as well as the 8 and 9 exon sizes can be scanned completely in this way, since they have amplificon sizes of 476 and 445 base pairs respectively. [Results] In the scan for the complete exons 5, 6, 8 and 9 only a single result of interest was found to be described. In patient NBI 57 a change was observed in the TAT triplet by ATT of EXON 6, the change being of the T nucleotide by the A and in both directions both in Forward and Reverse. The exact location in the NCBI is GR Ch 37 p13 on chromosome 17, EXON 6 of the P53 gene and the change is in the C.613 T>A nucleotide; NM_000546. [Conclusions] On reviewing this genetic variant in different scientific databases, such as ENSEMBL among others, in at least 6 different biocomputing tools it is described as a pathogen, therefore we can conclude that it is a pathogenic mutation for this case in particu

The presence of oxidative stress, telomere shortening, and apoptosis in polypathological patients (PP) with sarcopenia and frailty remains unknown. Methods: Multicentric prospective observational study in order to assess oxidative stress markers (catalase, glutathione reductase (GR), total antioxidant capacity to reactive oxygen species (TAC-ROS), and superoxide dismutase (SOD)), absolute telomere length (aTL), and apoptosis (DNA fragmentation) in peripheral blood samples of a hospital-based population of PP. Associations of these biomarkers to sarcopenia, frailty, functional status, and 12-month mortality were analyzed. Results: Of the 444 recruited patients, 97 (21.8%), 278 (62.6%), and 80 (18%) were sarcopenic, frail, or both, respectively. Oxidative stress markers (lower TAC-ROS and higher SOD) were significantly enhanced and aTL significantly shortened in patients with sarcopenia, frailty or both syndromes. No evidence of apoptosis was detected in blood leukocytes of any of the patients. Both oxidative stress markers (GR, p = 0.04) and telomere shortening (p = 0.001) were associated to death risk and to less survival days. Conclusions: Oxidative stress markers and telomere length were enhanced and shortened, respectively, in blood samples of polypathological patients with sarcopenia and/or frailty. Both were associated to decreased survival. They could be useful in the clinical practice to assess vulnerable populations with multimorbidity and of potential interest as therapeutic targets.

Peri-implant bone loss leading to dental implant failure does not develop in the same way across subjects who apparently present the same condition—specifically, in the case of Down syndrome patients with the same genetic disorder—given that they do not necessarily develop immune–inflammatory disorders to the same extent. Methods: This retrospective case-control study was aimed at identifying the possible genes involved in implant failure in Down syndrome patients by matching the periodontal disease variable by means of a retrospective case-control study. This process involved using the functional analysis of gene expression software Transcriptome Analysis Console (TAC, Affymetrix, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) and a search for the possible candidate genes involved. Focus was placed on the 92 genes related to the inflammation identified from the TaqMan™ Array Plate Human Inflammation Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Results: Six genes showed statistically significant results (p < 0.05) in our comparison. Three of them—PLCG2 (p = 0.0333), ALOX5 (p = 0.03) and LTAH4 (p = 0.0081)—were overexpressed in the implant reject group, and the following three were down-regulated: VCAM1 (p = 0.0182), PLA2G2A (p = 0.0034) and PLA2G10 (p = 0.047). Conclusion: Statistically significant differences exist in the gene expression involved in osteoclastogenesis, inflammatory response and host defensive response.

Writer Roald Dahl is responsiblefor some of the most imaginative stories thatuniversal literature has given us in the 20thcentury. These stories, their characters, andan inimitable style, have created a unique universethat is part of a cultural heritage whichis transmitted from generation to generation.This universe remains in the unconscious ofthe community in the whole world.The reference, direct or indirect, to the worldof music, is one of the resources that the authoruses recurrently and intentionally withdifferent purposes: as a metaphor for socialcriticism, as a resource for dramatization, forpsychological characterization of the character,etc. He does it, moreover, with an in-depthknowledge of the resources that this mediumoffers to literary expression, and of the theoreticalsubstrates of the musical art itself.The present work represents an approximationto the role played by the universe ofsounds in Dahl’s work; from the references inhis work, the creation of operas or musicalsbased on his stories, or the use and identificationsof his compositions as a teaching resourcein training and promoting reading in theearliest stages of education., El escritor Roald Dahl es responsable de muchas de las historias más fascinantes que ha dado la literatura universal en el pasado siglo XX. Estas historias, sus personajes y un estilo inimitable, han creado un universo propio que constituye un acervo cultural que se transmite de generación en generación y que forma parte ya del subconsciente colectivo a nivel mundial.La referencia, directa o indirecta, al mundo de la música, es uno de los recursos que el autor utiliza de manera recurrente e intencionada con distintos fines a lo largo de toda su obra: como metáfora para la crítica social, como recurso de dramatización, de caracterización psicológica del personaje, etc. Lo hace, además, con un profundo conocimiento de los resortes que este medio ofrece a la expresión literaria y de los sustratos teóricos que gobiernan el propio arte musical.El presente trabajo representa una aproximación al papel que desempeña el universo de los sonidos en la obra de Roald Dahl desde el análisis a las propias referencias musicales en su obra. Se estudia de igual manera la influencia de sus textos en relación con la creación de óperas o musicales basados en sus historias, o las composiciones originales inspiradas en sus personajes; pero, sobre todo, pretende suscitar el interés por una relación, la del autor con el arte musical, que subyace y acompaña al autor y a su obra a lo largo de la mayor parte de su vida.

Background: Sometimes dental implants seem to be the only therapeutic alternative for the oral rehabilitation of patients with Down syndrome, given that they usually lose all their teeth early due to suffering aggressive periodontitis and they do not usually have the skills required to wear removable prostheses. However, the evolution of dental implants in these patients shows very adverse results. It is possible that basal genetic alterations, or at least some characteristics of these, may underlie these clinical results. The metabolic pathway of metallothioneins, molecules with an important influence on bone metabolism, could be one of the said alterations. Aims: To determine whether the expression of metallothioneins (MTs) and their metabolic pathway may be identified and related to the periodontitis and lack of osseointegration of dental implants in Down syndrome patients. Materials and Methods: Retrospective study of cases and controls by comparing patients with Down syndrome, periodontal disease, and implant failure (four patients, test group) with patients with Down syndrome, without periodontal disease, and without implant failure after two years of following (seven patients, control group), by extracting peripheral blood at the time of the dental examination to extract RNA and its subsequent processing in relation to gene expression of the metabolic pathway of metallothioneins. Results: The results identified low expression in the group of patients with periodontal disease and implant failure of genes MT1E, MT1H, MT1X, MT1A, MT1B, MT1C, MT1L, MT2A, MT1M, and MT1G. Conclusions: The low MT1 and MT2 gene expression seems to be related to the onset of periodontal disease and implant rejection in Down syndrome patients, although more data are required to confirm whether this relationship is due to one of the two conditions, to both independently, or to the two jointly—this last option being indicated by our current study

The context in which today's reading develops shows how digital content is increasingly present and, therefore, how mediation in reading has to take digital tools and content into account. To be able to do mediation in digital reading in the best conditions it is necessary to have a set of specific competences, which in the case of librarians can acquire in the university. The article shows how the acquisition of these competences is carried out at the University of Salamanca through the teaching provided and the activities organized by the Library Science Department of said university, El contexto en el que desarrolla hoy en día la lectura muestra cómo los contenidos digitales cada vez están presentes y, por tanto, cómo la mediación en lectura tiene que tener en cuenta las herramientas y contenidos digitales. Para poder hacer en las mejores condiciones la mediación en lectura digital es necesario tener un conjunto de competencias específicas, que en el caso de los bibliotecarios pueden adquirir en la universidad. En artículo recoge cómo se lleva a cabo la adquisición de dichas competencias en la Universidad de Salamanca a través de la docencia impartida y las actividades organizadas por el Departamento de Biblioteconomía y documentación de dicha universidad.

The translation of reading and writing activity from the printed paradigm to the digital one transcends aspects such as the layout and presentation of the text, the new reading habits, or the new forms of edition and publication. More transcendently, they affect the assignment of new competencies within the more archetypal roles of the printed tradition such as the roles of the author and the reader; figures traditionally constrained to the production and reception of the text. The development of the so-called social networks provides a new medium, with an important democratizing factor and the revaluation of talent, which opens up new possibilities for this area of activity. These virtual spaces establish new mechanisms for the construction of identity and the social projection of writer and reader that imply the establishment of new genres or the ascription to new roles. This work aims to approach the implications that social networks bring to digital reading and writing. From new genres and new roles, to the different strategies that authors and readers use for the construction and projection of their virtual alter ego., La traslación de la actividad lecto-escritora del paradigma impreso al digital trasciende aspectos como la disposición y presentación del texto, los nuevos procesos de lectura, o las nuevas formas de edición y publicación. De manera más trascendente, afectan a la asignación de nuevas competencias dentro de los roles más arquetípicos de la tradición impresa como son la figura del autor y del lector; figuras tradicionalmente limitadas a la producción y recepción del texto. El desarrollo de las redes sociales propone un nuevo medio, con un importante factor democratizador y de revalorización del talento, que abre nuevas posibilidades a esta actividad. Estos espacios virtuales establecen nuevos mecanismos para la construcción identitaria y la proyección social de escritor y lector que implican el establecimiento de nuevos géneros o la adscripción a nuevos roles. El presente trabajo pretende una aproximación a las implicaciones que las redes sociales aportan a la lectura y escritura digital. Desde los nuevos géneros o los nuevos roles, hasta las distintas estrategias que los autores y lectores adoptan para la construcción y proyección de su alter ego virtual.

[Aim] Aware that Down Syndrome patients present among their clinical characteristics impaired immunity, the aim of this study is to identify the statistically significant differences in inflammation-related gene expression by comparing Down Syndrome patients with Periodontal Disease (DS+PD+) with Down Syndrome patients without Periodontal Disease (DS+PD-), and their relationship with periodontitis as a chronic oral inflammatory clinical feature., [Materials and Methods] Case study and controls on eleven Down Syndrome patients (DS+PD+ vs. DS+PD-). RNA was extracted from peripheral blood using a Qiagen PAXgene Blood miRNA Kit when performing an oral examination. A search for candidate genes (92 selected) was undertaken on the total genes obtained using a Scientific GeneChip® Scanner 3000 (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and Clariom S solutions for human, mouse, and rat chips, with more than 20,000 genes annotated for measuring expression levels., [Results] Of the 92 inflammation-related genes taken initially, four genes showed a differential expression across both groups with a value of <0.05 from the data obtained using RNA processing of the patient sample. Said genes were TNFSF13B (), ITGB2 (), ANXA3 (), and ANXA5 ()., [Conclusions] There are differences in inflammation-related gene expression in Down Syndrome patients when comparing patients who present a state of chronic oral inflammation with patients with negative rates of periodontal disease.

Background: Sometimes dental implants seem to be the only therapeutic alternative for the oral rehabilitation of patients with Down syndrome, given that they usually lose all their teeth early due to suffering aggressive periodontitis and they do not usually have the skills required to wear removable prostheses. However, the evolution of dental implants in these patients shows very adverse results. It is possible that basal genetic alterations, or at least some characteristics of these, may underlie these clinical results. The metabolic pathway of metallothioneins, molecules with an important influence on bone metabolism, could be one of the said alterations. Aims: To determine whether the expression of metallothioneins (MTs) and their metabolic pathway may be identified and related to the periodontitis and lack of osseointegration of dental implants in Down syndrome patients. Materials and Methods: Retrospective study of cases and controls by comparing patients with Down syndrome, periodontal disease, and implant failure (four patients, test group) with patients with Down syndrome, without periodontal disease, and without implant failure after two years of following (seven patients, control group), by extracting peripheral blood at the time of the dental examination to extract RNA and its subsequent processing in relation to gene expression of the metabolic pathway of metallothioneins. Results: The results identified low expression in the group of patients with periodontal disease and implant failure of genes MT1E, MT1H, MT1X, MT1A, MT1B, MT1C, MT1L, MT2A, MT1M, and MT1G. Conclusions: The low MT1 and MT2 gene expression seems to be related to the onset of periodontal disease and implant rejection in Down syndrome patients, although more data are required to confirm whether this relationship is due to one of the two conditions, to both independently, or to the two jointly—this last option being indicated by our current study.