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The article discusses the technique in teaching clinical reasoning skills in the classroom through the use of simulation that integrates clinical reasoning and the process of triage in a mass casualty incident (MCI) setting. In an MCI situation, nurses should balance psychological stress and ethical decisions in the conduct of safe care. It cites the document that was issued by the American Nurses Association (ANA) in March 2008 providing guidelines to resolve complex issues on giving care during extreme emergencies.

1. Identify two techniques to increase providers' comfort in addressing spiritual needs. 2. Analyze a tool developed to measure interprofessional students' comfort level and barriers to addressing spirituality with patients. Comfort addressing spirituality may affect engagement with patients and families seeking meaning and connection. We created a palliative care spirituality curriculum. Using pre/post assessments, we measured significant changes in interprofessional students' comfort with spiritual care. These students will mostly practice in the rural Midwest with limited educational and spiritual resources. Spiritual needs are commonly addressed by chaplains, yet patients and families often incorporate faith in communicating with interdisciplinary team members throughout their encounters. Providers' comfort in addressing spirituality may affect how they engage as patients and families seek meaning and connection. Providing a spirituality curriculum focused on supporting the seriously ill and using pre/post assessments, we measured changes in interprofessional students' attitudes and comfort with spiritual care. To develop a tool to evaluate participants' comfort level and barriers to addressing spirituality with patients and evaluate participants' change in comfort level with spirituality after participating in the IPC Seminar. Interdisciplinary palliative care seminar was provided including a lecture and a patient encounter focused on spiritual care. Over 250 students across 7 disciplines and undergraduate through post-graduate programs participated. Students completed pre-post assessments using a Likert scale to evaluate participants' comfort exploring their own and patients' spirituality, and potential factors affecting their comfort. Analysis of the data using a 2-sample t-test assuming equal variances was used to evaluate the results. Half of the questions showed a statistically significant (p < 0.05) impact on comfort exploring spirituality and its role in healthcare. Participants (pre n = 248, post n=173) increased their comfort in exploring patient's spirituality and had less conflict when spirituality was introduced in medical settings. The remaining questions showed a measurable, though less significant, impact. Introducing spirituality education to interdisciplinary students showed significant improvement in comfort with learning more about other people's spirituality and how it impacts their health decisions. Most of the students in this study will practice in the rural upper Midwest where there are limited educational and spiritual resources available. Thus, creating a spirituality curriculum that empowers students to learn more about patient needs will hopefully translate into whole person care. Existential / Humanities / Spirituality / Religion; Quality Improvement [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nurses play an important role in pandemic and disaster response, often at a personal cost to their overall well-being. Interviews with 19 frontline COVID-19 nurses helped illuminate priority focus areas involving nurses in the planning process, providing clear communication and offering mental health services. These recommendations align with and reinforce conclusions and recommendations from The Future of Nursing 2020-2030 Report., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)