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Comunicación presentada en el XVII Congreso Nacional de Microbiología de los Alimentos, celebrado en Logroño del 25 al 28 de septiembre de 2012., Lactococcus garvieae is the etiological agent of lactococcosis in marine and freshwater fish species (Eyngor et al., 2004). This bacterium has also been retrieved from mastitis in cows and other ruminants (Teixeira et al., 1996), and implicated in an increasing number of human infections (Chang et al., 2011). Additionally, L. garvieae has been repeatedly reported as a majority component of the native microbiota of farmhouse dairy products manufactured from raw milk (Foschino et al., 2006; El-Baradei et al., 2008; Alegría et al., 2009). As, association between consumption of raw milk cheese and human infections have never been reported, L. garvieae might contribute to the overall quality of dairy products (Fortina et al., 2007; Fernández et al., 2010). Here we report the draft genome sequence of L. garvieae IPLA 31405, isolated among the dominant microbiota of a Spanish raw milk cheese (Alegría et al., 2009). The genome sequence is expected to give clues on the safety of the strain and on its technological potential.

Resumen del póster presentado al Biophysical Society 56th Annual Meeting, celebrado en San Diego-California (US) del 25 al 29 de febrero de 2012., Irvalec© (PM02734, Elisidepsin) is a marine-derived cytotoxic depsipeptide that is currently undergoing phase II clinical studies in non-small cell lung cancer. In vitro treatment of tumor cells with Irvalec© induces necrotic cell death, a process associated with rapid loss of membrane integrity and subsequent cell permeabilization. These results suggested an effect of the drug, either on an ion channel or in the plasma membrane. In order to explore this hypothesis patch-clamp experiments were performed in different tumor cell lines (HeLa, A549 and HCT116). Treated cells underwent rapid and dramatic morphological changes, including cell blebbing, severe swelling, plasma membrane permeabilization and cell lysis. Apart from the numerous small blebs, membranes from damaged cells also re-organized to form enormous bubbles surrounded by cell membrane. Using electrophysiological techniques, it was shown that Irvalec© induced an important increase in membrane conductance. The compound permeabilized the plasma membrane to ions, even when the cells were not pulsed, causing important changes in the holding current. It has been described that zinc attenuates the drastic effects of some membrane disrupting agents. Hence, to test if zinc exerted some protective effect against Irvalec© effects, cells were treated with this drug in the presence or absence of zinc salts and its membrane permeability was analyzed by using electrophysiology techniques, measuring the variations in the ion currents induced by the drug. Interestingly, in cells treated with zinc (10 mM), a decrease in the membrane permeability induced by Irvalec© was observed. Altogether, these results suggest that Irvalec© induces a rapid membrane permeabilization that lead to a necrotic cell death., Supported by CICYT SAF2010-14916 and FIS (RD06/0014/0006) Grants.

A newly identified extracellular laccase produced by Streptomyces ipomoea CECT 3341 (SilA) was cloned and overexpressed, and its physicochemical characteristics assessed together with its capability to decolorize and detoxify an azotype dye. Molecular analysis of the deduced sequence revealed that SilA contains a TAT-type signal peptide at the N-terminus and only two cupredoxine domains; this is consistent with reports describing two other Streptomyces laccases but contrasts with most laccases, which contain three cupredoxine domains. The heterologous expression and purification of SilA revealed that the homodimer is the only active form of the enzyme. Its stability at high pH and temperature, together with its resistance to high concentrations of NaCl and to typical laccase inhibitors such as sodium azide confirmed the unique properties of this novel laccase. The range of substrates that SilA is able to oxidize was found to be pH-dependent; at alkaline pH, SilA oxidized a wide range of phenolic compounds, including the syringyl and guayacil moieties derived from lignin. The oxidative potential of this enzyme to use phenolic compounds as natural redox mediators was shown through the coordinated action of SilA and acetosyringone (as mediator), which resulted in the complete detoxification of the azo-type dye Orange II., This work was financially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science (CICYT Project CTQ2004-0344/PPQ to MEA and BFU 2006-00972/BMC to JMD). We thank the Autonomous Government of Madrid and the University of Alcalá for the fellowship awarded to R.M.

El trabajo presenta una experiencia de transferencia del conocimiento desarrollado en proyectos de investigación universitarios en relación al diseño y construcción de módulos para turismo receptivo a través del instituto de la vivienda local. La propuesta recoge las recomendaciones de la publicación “Viviendas rurales: Principales Estrategias Hacia un Acondicionamiento Bioclimático. Localización en el Valle Calchaquí” del Proyecto CIUNT26/B211. El resultado es un diseño bioambientalmente adecuado y aceptado por los destinatarios integrando aspectos funcionales, sociológicos, bioclimáticos y tecnológicos con uso de energías no convencionales; pretendiendo con ello la concientización sobre el cuidado del ambiente. Se prevé la factibilidad de su materialización en corto plazo., This paper presents a practical application of knowledge developed within a research project to the design and building of receptive turism bungalows. The proposal is based upon the conclusions of the CIUNT26/B211 project which have been published as: ‘Rural housing: Main strategies towards a bio-climatic design for the Calchaqui Valley’ and counts with assistance of the local housing office. The result was an environmentally friendly and socially accepted desing project. Therefore, functional, sociologic, technologic and biobclimatic goals (with inclusion of renewable energy use) have been achieved. This design project is planned to be built in the short term aiming to gain conciousness about the care of the environment within the local people., Asociación Argentina de Energías Renovables y Medio Ambiente (ASADES)

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Además de los autores citados también participaron Lluís Gómez-Pujol, Jaume Mateu, Margalida Cabrer Suau, Carina Escandell, Francisca Martí, Gabriela Ubaldi Freda, Bernadí Gelabert, Marta Fuster i Pere Brunet Informe sobre la evolución de diferentes parámetros ambientales en las Illes Balears durante el bienio 2000-2001: el tiempo, el medio atmosférico, el medio marino, la conservación del medio terrestre, la energía, la agricultura ecológica, la ordenación del territorio, los residuos, las reservas de agua de las Illes Balears, los sistemas de gestión medioambiental, los transportes y la educación ambiental. El último capítulo, en las páginas 88 a 90, se centra en el caso de la educación ambiental de las Illes Balears. Baleares ESP

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El estudio de las series más largas de Baleares (4 de temperatura y 7 de precipitación) ilustra la problemática de la detección del cambio climático, Tras analizar la influencia de los cambios de emplazamiento de los observatorios en estas series, emmascarado en las pluviométricas por su elevada variabilidad interanual, se ha observado en los ultimos años un aumento de la temperatura media a un ritmo de O,77ºC por decenio. Las tendencias observadas en la precipitación desde 1941 son de disminución en el nordeste de Baleares (-9% en Mahón) y aumento en el sudoeste (+ 13% en Ibiza), indicando un posible cambio en las frecuencias de los tipos de circulación atmosférica en el Mediterráneo Occidental., The study of the longest series of the Balearic Islands (4 of temperature and 7 of precipitation) illustrates the problems in the detection of climatic change. After analyzing the influence of the observatory site moves in these series, masked in the pluviometric ones by their high inter-annual variability, an increase in the mean temperature at a rate of O,77eC per ten years has been observed. The observed tendencies in the precipitation from 1941 show a decrease in the northeast of the Balearics (-9% at Ma6) and an increase in the southwest (+13% at Eivissa), pointing at a possible change in the frequencies of the atmospheric circulation types in the Western Mediterranean., L'estudi de les sèries més llargues de Balears (4 de temperatura i 7 de precipitació) il.lustra la problemàtica de la detecció del canvi climàtic. Després d'analitzar la influència dels canvis d'emplaçament dels observatoris en aquestes sèries, emmascarat en les pluviomètriques per la seva elevada variabilitat interanual, s'ha observat als darrers anys un augment de la temperatura mitjana a un ritme de O,77ºC per decenni. Les tendències observades a la precipitació des de 1941 són de disminució al nordest de Balears (-9% a Maó) i augment al sudoest (+ 13% a Eivissa), indicant un possible canvi a les freqüències dels tipus de circulació atmosfèrica a la Mediterrània Occidental.

Se presenta una síntesis del Resumen Técnico del tercer inforrne científico del IPCC, como primera aproximación al mismo y animando a los lectores a consultar la fuente original. Primeramente, se pasa revista a los cambios observados en el sistema climático, cuyo aspecto mas evidente es un aumento progresivo de la temperatura media del aire en la superficie terrestre. Despues se discuten las capacidades de los modelos numéricos para simular la evolución del sistema climático, asi como para discriminar que parte del cambio es debido a las actividades humanas. Y por último, se realizan predicciones del clima de los próximos siglos en base a diversas hipotesis de desarrollo económico y emisiones de gases con efecto invemadero, en las que la temperatura media global continuara ascendiendo, con distinto ritmo según los supuestos considerados, An abstract of the Technical Summary of the IPCC third scientific report is presented as a first approximation to it, thereby willing to push readers to consult the original work. Changes observed in the climatic system are first reviewed, their most outstanding feature been the progressive rising of the global mean surface air temperature. Then the abilities of numerical models to simulate the evolution of the climatic system and to attribute part of the changes to human activities are discussed. Last, climate projections for forthcoming centuries are made, based on several scenarios of economic development and greenhouse gases emissions, in which the global mean temperature will keep on rising, but at different rates according to the considered scenarios., Es presenta una síntesi del resum tècnic del tercer inforrne científic del IPCC, com una primera aproximació al mateix i animant als lectors a consultar la font original. Primerament es revisen els canvis observats al sistema climàtic, l'aspecte més evident dels quals és un augment progressiu de la temperatura mitjana de l'aire de la superficie terrestre. Despres es discuteixen les capacitats dels models numèrics per a simular l'evolució del sistema climàtic, aixi com per a discriminar quina part del canvi es degut a les activitats humanes. Finalment es fan prediccions del clima dels pròxims segles basades en diverses hipòtesis de desenvolupament econòmic i emissions de gasos amb efecte hivernacle, als quals la temperatura mitjana global continuarà pujant, amb diferent ritme segons els supòsits considerats.

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S'ha estudiat el clima de Cabrera en base a les dades pluviomètriques subministrades per l'estació del Far de N'Ensiola i per observatoris propers i/o representatius. La mitjana de precipitacions anuals és de 380 mm, amb uns totals anuals situats entre 193 i 555 mm. La intensitat de les precipitacions és considerable, sobretot els mesos de tardor. Es presenten les freqüències de registres de pluja, tempestes, neu, calabruix, humitat i roada, així com estimacions de la insolació, irradiació i altres paràmetres meteorològics. El clima de Cabrera és un clima semiàrid càlid, d'acord amb la classificació de Emberger. Es presenta el diagrama ombromètric de Cabrera. The climate of the Island of Cabrera has been studied with data that came from the meteorological station of the light-house of N'Ensiola and also other stations that are in the geographical vicinity of the island. The mean annual rainfall is 380 mm, the lowest and highest annual values are 193 and 555 mm. The precipitations are of a great intensity, principally in autumn. The recorded frequencies of rain, snow, hail, dew and storms are given with the values of humidity and an estimate of the solar radiation and insolation. The climate of Cabrera following the classification of Emberger is semi-arid. The ombrometric diagram of Cabrera is shown