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899 results on '"Gulland, Frances"'

101. Vaquitas (Phocoena sinus) continue to die from bycatch not pollutants

Author

Gulland, Frances, primary, Danil, Kerri, additional, Bolton, Jennie, additional, Ylitalo, Gina, additional, Okrucky, Roberto Sanchez, additional, Rebolledo, Francisco, additional, Alexander-Beloch, Christian, additional, Brownell, Robert l, additional, Mesnick, Sarah, additional, Lefebvre, Kathi, additional, Smith, Cynthia R, additional, Thomas, Peter Owen, additional, and Rojas-Bracho, Lorenzo, additional

Published
2020
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104. Mortality of sea lions along the central California coast linked to a toxic diatom bloom

Author

Scholin, Christopher A., Gulland, Frances, Doucette, Gregory J., Benson, Scott, Busman, Mark, Chavez, Francisco P., Cordaro, Joe, DeLong, Robert, De Vogelaere, Andrew, Harvey, James, Haulena, Martin, Lefebvre, Kathi, Lipscomb, Tom, Loscutoff, Susan, Lowenstine, Linda J., Marin III, Roman, Miller, Peter E., McLellan, William A., Moeller, Peter D. R., Powell, Christine L., Rowles, Teri, Silvagni, Paul, Silver, Mary, Spraker, Terry, Trainer, Vera, and Van Dolah, Frances M.

Subjects
Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Author(s): Christopher A. Scholin [1]; Frances Gulland [2]; Gregory J. Doucette [3]; Scott Benson [4]; Mark Busman [3]; Francisco P. Chavez [1]; Joe Cordaro [5]; Robert DeLong [6]; Andrew De [...]

Published
2000
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117. Clinical relevance of novel Otarine herpesvirus-3 in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus): lymphoma, esophageal ulcers, and strandings

Author

Venn-Watson Stephanie, Benham Celeste, Gulland Frances M, Smith Cynthia R, St Leger Judy, Yochem Pam, Nollens Hendrik, Blas-Machado Uriel, Saliki Jeremiah, Colegrove Katie, Wellehan James FX, and Rivera Rebecca

Subjects
Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100
Abstract

Abstract Herpesviruses have been recognized in marine mammals, but their clinical relevance is not always easy to assess. A novel otarine herpesvirus-3 (OtHV3) was detected in a geriatric California sea lion (Zalophus californianus), and using a newly developed quantitative PCR assay paired with histology, OtHV3 was associated with esophageal ulcers and B cell lymphoblastic lymphoma in this animal. The prevalence and quantities of OtHV3 were then determined among buffy coats from 87 stranded and managed collection sea lions. Stranded sea lions had a higher prevalence of OtHV3 compared to managed collection sea lions (34.9% versus 12.5%; p = 0.04), and among the stranded sea lions, yearlings were most likely to be positive. Future epidemiological studies comparing the presence and viral loads of OtHV3 among a larger population of California sea lions with and without lymphoid neoplasia or esophageal ulcers would help elucidate the relevance of OtHV3-associated pathologies to these groups.

Published
2012
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118. Serum profiling by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry as a diagnostic tool for domoic acid toxicosis in California sea lions

Author

Neely Benjamin A, Soper Jennifer L, Greig Denise J, Carlin Kevin P, Favre Elizabeth G, Gulland Frances MD, Almeida Jonas S, and Janech Michael G

Subjects
Serum peptides, Neural network, Zalophus californianus, Neurotoxin, Cytology, QH573-671
Abstract

Abstract Background There are currently no reliable markers of acute domoic acid toxicosis (DAT) for California sea lions. We investigated whether patterns of serum peptides could diagnose acute DAT. Serum peptides were analyzed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry from 107 sea lions (acute DAT n = 34; non-DAT n = 73). Artificial neural networks (ANN) were trained using MALDI-TOF data. Individual peaks and neural networks were qualified using an independent test set (n = 20). Results No single peak was a good classifier of acute DAT, and ANN models were the best predictors of acute DAT. Performance measures for a single median ANN were: sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 60%; positive predictive value, 71%; negative predictive value, 100%. When 101 ANNs were combined and allowed to vote for the outcome, the performance measures were: sensitivity, 30%; specificity, 100%; positive predictive value, 100%; negative predictive value, 59%. Conclusions These results suggest that MALDI-TOF peptide profiling and neural networks can perform either as a highly sensitive (100% negative predictive value) or a highly specific (100% positive predictive value) diagnostic tool for acute DAT. This also suggests that machine learning directed by populations of predictive models offer the ability to modulate the predictive effort into a specific type of error.

Published
2012
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119. Harbor seal pup dispersal and individual morphology, hematology, and contaminant factors affecting survival

Author

Greig, Denise J., Gulland, Frances M. D., Harvey, James T., Lonergan, Mike, Hall, Ailsa J., University of St Andrews. School of Biology, University of St Andrews. Sea Mammal Research Unit, University of St Andrews. Marine Alliance for Science & Technology Scotland, and University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute

Subjects
Survival, QH301 Biology, Stranding, NDAS, NERC, Juvenile, Dispersal, Postweaning, QH301, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Health, Harbor seal, Contaminants, Telemetry, Phoca vitulina
Abstract

This work was funded by The Valentine Family Foundation and the John H. Prescott Marine Mammal Rescue Assistance Grant Program. Understanding the factors affecting individual harbor seal (Phoca vitulina) survival is essential for determining population level health risks. We estimated postweaning dispersal, and modeled the effects of morphology, hematology, and blubber contaminants on the survival of recently weaned harbor seal pups using a mark recapture framework. We deployed satellite transmitters on apparently healthy pups captured in San Francisco Bay (SFB, n = 19) and Tomales Bay (TB, n = 7), and pups released after rehabilitation that stranded along the central California coast preweaning (n = 21). Dispersal distances were further than previously reported for harbor seal pups (maximum = 802 km) which has implications for understanding risks to this vulnerable age class. We found differences in body condition, serum immunoglobulin and thyroxine (T4) concentrations, white blood cell count, and blubber organohalogen contamination (OH) among the three groups. Overall, increased T4, decreased OH, and increased mass were associated with greater survival probabilities; whereas, among stranded seals, greater mass gain, shorter time in rehabilitation, and admission to rehabilitation earlier in the season were associated with greater survival probabilities. Attention to these latter factors may improve the success of rehabilitation efforts. For wild pups, reduction of legacy contaminants and direct causes of mortality, such as ship strike, may enhance pup survival. Publisher PDF

Published
2018

120. Mapping the Host-Pathogen Space to Link Longitudinal and Cross-sectional Biomarker Data:LeptospiraInfection in California Sea Lions (Zalophus californianus) as a Case Study

Author

Prager, K.C., primary, Buhnerkempe, Michael G., additional, Greig, Denise J., additional, Orr, Anthony J., additional, Jensen, Eric D., additional, Gomez, Forrest, additional, Galloway, Renee L., additional, Wu, Qingzhong, additional, Gulland, Frances M.D., additional, and Lloyd-Smith, James O., additional

Published
2019
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125. Likely annual calving in the vaquita, Phocoena sinus: A new hope?

Author

Taylor, Barbara L., primary, Wells, Randall S., additional, Olson, Paula A., additional, Brownell, Robert L., additional, Gulland, Frances M. D., additional, Read, Andrew J., additional, Valverde‐Esparza, Francisco J., additional, Ortiz‐García, Oscar H., additional, Ruiz‐Sabio, Diego, additional, Jaramillo‐Legorreta, Armando M., additional, Nieto‐Garcia, Edwyna, additional, Cardenas‐Hinojosa, Gustavo, additional, and Rojas‐Bracho, Lorenzo, additional

Published
2019
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126. MEMORIES

Author

Gulland, Frances M. D., primary, Thomas, Peter O., additional, Stirling, Ian, additional, DeMaster, Douglas P., additional, Reeves, Randall R., additional, and Frost, Kathy, additional

Published
2019
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127. Best practice guidelines for cetacean tagging

Author

Andrews, Russel D., primary, Baird, Robin W., additional, Calambokidis, John, additional, Goertz, Caroline E. C., additional, Gulland, Frances M. D., additional, Heide-Jorgensen, Mads Peter, additional, Hooker, Sascha K., additional, Johnson, Mark, additional, Mate, Bruce, additional, Mitani, Yoko, additional, Nowacek, Douglas P., additional, Owen, Kylie, additional, Quakenbush, Lori T., additional, Raverty, Stephen, additional, Robbins, Jooke, additional, Schorr, Gregory S., additional, Shpak, Olga V., additional, Townsend Jr., Forrest I., additional, Uhart, Marcela, additional, Wells, Randall S., additional, and Zerbini, Alexandre N., additional

Published
2019
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131. Cyclical changes in seroprevalence of leptospirosis in California sea lions: endemic and epidemic disease in one host species?

Author

St Leger Judy, Palmer Lauren, Ghneim George S, Hietala Sharon, Greig Denise J, Lloyd-Smith James O, Grenfell Bryan T, and Gulland Frances MD

Subjects
Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Abstract Background Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease infecting a broad range of mammalian hosts, and is re-emerging globally. California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) have experienced recurrent outbreaks of leptospirosis since 1970, but it is unknown whether the pathogen persists in the sea lion population or is introduced repeatedly from external reservoirs. Methods We analyzed serum samples collected over an 11-year period from 1344 California sea lions that stranded alive on the California coast, using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) for antibodies to Leptospira interrogans serovar Pomona. We evaluated seroprevalence among yearlings as a measure of incidence in the population, and characterized antibody persistence times based on temporal changes in the distribution of titer scores. We conducted multinomial logistic regression to determine individual risk factors for seropositivity with high and low titers. Results The serosurvey revealed cyclical patterns in seroprevalence to L. interrogans serovar Pomona, with 4–5 year periodicity and peak seroprevalence above 50%. Seroprevalence in yearling sea lions was an accurate index of exposure among all age classses, and indicated on-going exposure to leptospires in non-outbreak years. Analysis of titer decay rates showed that some individuals probably maintain high titers for more than a year following exposure. Conclusion This study presents results of an unprecedented long-term serosurveillance program in marine mammals. Our results suggest that leptospirosis is endemic in California sea lions, but also causes periodic epidemics of acute disease. The findings call into question the classical dichotomy between maintenance hosts of leptospirosis, which experience chronic but largely asymptomatic infections, and accidental hosts, which suffer acute illness or death as a result of disease spillover from reservoir species.

Published
2007
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140. Review of recent research on Southern Resident Killer Whales to detect evidence of poor body condition in the population

Author

Matkin, Craig O., Moore, Michael J., Gulland, Frances M., Matkin, Craig O., Moore, Michael J., and Gulland, Frances M.

Abstract

Prepared for: The SeaDoc Society, Karen C. Drayer Wildlife Health Center, Eastsound, WA 98245, This review was commissioned by the SeaDoc Society in light of major concern for the population trajectory of the SRKW population. The review focuses on identifying evidence for poor body condition in the SRKW population from information presented in Seattle, March 6 2017 (see Appendix 1 Agenda). Body condition can be influenced by food availability (quantity and quality), energy balance, disease, toxin exposure, physiological status, genetics and stress from noise and vessel traffic, amongst other factors, although food availability is the most common cause in wild mammalian populations. For SRKW, food availability to individuals is determined by both prey availability and time to find, catch, share and consume prey. Anthropogenic disturbance will reduce food consumption and thus influence body condition. The small population size and complex social structure of SRKW complicate detection of associations between measures of body condition and population dynamics. Stochastic events can skew population-wide trends substantially. Therefore, individual cases must be considered rather than analyses of trends and correlations on limited-sample-sizes. The small sample size problem hinders many analyses of this population's ecology. A recent shift in distribution of Northern Resident Killer Whales (NRKW) into offshore SRKW range complicates choice of a control population. NRKW could compete for space and prey, and may be influenced by environmental variables that influence SRKW. Thus when using a case control approach, and comparing parameters between SRKW and a reference population, care should be taken when using the NRKW, and another population should be used such as the southern Alaskan residents.

Published
2017

141. Campylobacter insulaenigrae isolates from Northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) in California

Author

Stoddard, Robyn A., Miller, William G., Foley, Janet E., Byrne, Barbara A., Lawrence, Judy, Conrad, Patricia A., and Gulland, Frances M.D.

Subjects
Campylobacter -- Genetic aspects, Campylobacter -- Physiological aspects, Ribosomal RNA -- Research, Nucleotide sequence -- Research, Biological sciences
Abstract

Campylobacter insulaenigrae species are characterized by using standard phenotypic methods, 16S rRNA PCR and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). The analysis has shown the inability of phenotypic characterization to properly identify all Campylobacter species and has emphasized the importance of molecular characterization for the identification of Campylobacter isolates from marine mammals.

Published
2007

145. Assessment of wound healing of tagged gray ( Eschrichtius robustus ) and blue ( Balaenoptera musculus ) whales in the eastern North Pacific using long‐term series of photographs

Author

Norman, Stephanie A., primary, Flynn, Kiirsten R., additional, Zerbini, Alexandre N., additional, Gulland, Frances M. D., additional, Moore, Michael J., additional, Raverty, Stephen, additional, Rotstein, David S., additional, Mate, Bruce R., additional, Hayslip, Craig, additional, Gendron, Diane, additional, Sears, Richard, additional, Douglas, Annie B., additional, and Calambokidis, John, additional

Published
2017
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149. ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MARINEBRUCELLAFROM A SOUTHERN SEA OTTER (ENHYDRA LUTRIS NEREIS), CALIFORNIA, USA

Author

Miller, Melissa A., primary, Burgess, Tristan L., additional, Dodd, Erin M., additional, Rhyan, Jack C., additional, Jang, Spencer S., additional, Byrne, Barbara A., additional, Gulland, Frances M. D., additional, Murray, Michael J., additional, Toy-Choutka, Sharon, additional, Conrad, Patricia A., additional, Field, Cara L., additional, Sidor, Inga F., additional, and Smith, Woutrina A., additional

Published
2017
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