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This study attempts to examine the morphological, elemental and physical characteristics of PM10 over the Indian Himalayan Region (IHR) using FTIR and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) analysis. The study aimed at source identification of PM10 by exploring the inorganic ions, organic functional groups, morphology and elemental characteristics. The pollution load of PM10 was estimated as 63 ± 22 μg m−3; 53 ± 16 μg m−3; 67 ± 26 μg m−3 and 55 ± 11 μg m−3 over Mohal-Kullu, Almora, Nainital and Darjeeling, respectively. ATR-FTIR spectrum analysis revealed the existence of inorganic ions (SiO44−, TiO2, SO42−, SO3−, NO3−, NO2−, CO32−, HCO3−, NH4+) and organic functional groups (C–C, C–H, C=C, C≡C, C=O, N-H, C≡N, C=N, O-H, cyclic rings, aromatic compounds and some heterogeneous groups) in PM10 which may arise from geogenic, biogenic and anthropogenic sources. The morphological and elemental characterization was performed by SEM-EDX, inferring for geogenic origin (Al, Na, K, Ca, Mg and Fe) due to the presence of different morphologies (irregular, spherical, cluster, sheet-like solid deposition and columnar). In contrast, particles having biogenic and anthropogenic origins (K, S and Ba) have primarily spherical with few irregular particles at all the study sites. Also, the statistical analysis ANOVA depicts that among all the detected elements, Na, Al, Si, S and K are site-specific in nature as their mean of aw% significantly varied for all the sites. The trajectory analysis revealed that the Uttarakhand, Jammu and Kashmir, the Thar Desert, Himachal Pradesh, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Nepal, Sikkim, the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) and the Bay of Bengal (BoB) contribute to the increased loading of atmospheric pollutants in various locations within the IHR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enormous assistance is required during rehabilitation activities, which might result in a variety of complications if performed manually. To solve this issue, several solutions in the form of assistive devices have been presented recently. Another issue highlighted is the lack of kinematic compatibility in low degrees-of-freedom (dof) systems. The proposed approach of developing a human-motion-oriented rehabilitation device deals with the problem through hybrid architectures. A novel modular synthesis approach is used for the purpose to induce generality in the design process. Using a modular strategy, three planar hybrid configurations are generated for two-dof mechanisms for supporting flexion/extension motion. Three such architectures are optimally synthesised and kinematically analysed over the entire workspace. A Genetic Algorithm (GA) is used to synthesise the architecture parameters optimally. Moreover, the outcomes are evaluated against a set of seven poses and posture locations of the wrist to choose the most suitable configuration among the others. Subsequently, kinematic compatibility is analysed for the coupled system – formed by the selected architecture and the human arm – while wearing the proposed mechanism. According to the findings of optimal synthesis, workspace and singularity analysis, configuration-III is capable of achieving the optimal postures for all task space locations (TSLs). Further, the work modifies the design by attaching additional three revolute passive joints for correcting misalignment concerns using coupled mobility analysis. The modular strategy for hybrid architectures and the subsequent mobility analysis provides an algorithmic framework for synthesising a task-based rehabilitation device. Manual physiotherapy is reported as repeated task, expensive and time-consuming, and considered stressful for the therapist or assistants to provide one-on-one physiotherapy to each patient in the traditional method. Robotic rehabilitation is, therefore, a viable option. In the several reported works on robotic rehabilitation exoskeletons, misalignment of the exoskeleton and the human motion is considered an open challenge. Normally, it is being managed through large number of degrees of freedom, which is certainly expensive and complex in control. The proposed approach of developing a human-motion-oriented rehabilitation device deals with the problem through hybrid architectures and modular strategy to develop them. While focusing upon the emulation of natural human motion trajectory, the compatibility of orthotic joint and human joint motion needs attention. As biological joint possesses complex kinematic characteristics, closed-loops are used in the design. Overall, a complete framework of a cost effective low-dof rehabilitation device is proposed and detailed through coupled analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Altered expression of blood group antigens has been reported to be associated with both solid as well as haematological malignancies. This usually results from genetic mutation leading to incomplete as well as abnormal synthesis of antigens. Transitional loss of RBC antigens especially from ABO system is most commonly found in haematological malignancies causing blood group discrepancies and followed by reversal to its historical blood group during remission. Loss of A, B antigens has also been associated to play a role in lung, bladder and colon cancers. However not much data is available regarding haematological malignancies. Methods and Methodology: Retrospective review of blood group discrepancy (Forward group) in patients admitted for haematolymphoid malignancy at our institute was done during a period of 3.5 years (13/3/2020 till 12/9/2023). Blood grouping done by Column agglutination test were repeated by conventional tube method. Further confirmation of the group was done by saliva test and adsorption elution test as indicated. The detail history of the patient was collected from the hospital records and analysed. Results: A total of 7 patients presented with either loss or decrease in antigen expression. Most common diagnosis was Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML) with FLT3 mutation and most common antigen affected was A. Conclusion: Haematolymphoid malignancies has been associated with loss of blood group antigens causing group discrepancy. Blood transfusion is an integral part of the supportive care in these patients. Hence, proper work up of blood group discrepancy cases should be done and recorded so as to prevent delay in blood transfusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the structure and functioning of bio-molecules, metals are important. The main focus of research remains the design and synthesis of novel metal-based complexes and metal ion binding to substances in search of novel medicines. Studies have established the well-defined geometry, thermodynamic stability and excellent coordination power of vanadium in different oxidation states. This paper summarizes the biological activities of vanadium complexes, particularly their anticancer activity. Future multidisciplinary research and analysis focused on comprehending the biochemistry of vanadium complexes with different ligands is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal complexes are widely used in pharmaceutics, cosmetics, electronics, casting printing and power generation. One of the major challenges due to their long-term use as medicines is their accumulation in the body. This issue needs to be resolved to achieve better results of metal complexes as medicines. The use of metal-nanoparticles (MNPs) can be expected to reduce the toxicity of metals and their accumulation in the body. The aim of this paper is to give an insight into the variation induced in the cytotoxic activity of MNP–ligand complexes by replacing the respective heavy metals with their nanoparticles (NPs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let K be a field of characteristic zero. We show that the image of a linear K-derivation of rank less than or equal to two over the polynomial algebra K [ x 1 , x 2 , x 3 , x 4 ] is a Mathieu-Zhao subspace. We have further shown that, under certain conditions, the image of K E -derivations of K [ x 1 , x 2 , x 3 , x 4 ] is a Mathieu-Zhao subspace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dentigerous cysts are among the most prevalent odontogenic cysts associated with impacted teeth, particularly impacted third molars. Understanding the clinicopathological correlation between impacted teeth and factors contributing to cyst formation is essential. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological correlation between impacted teeth and the factors associated with dentigerous cyst formation. Materials and Methods: The study analyzed a total of 30 cases, which were categorized into two subgroups: 16 cases of dental follicles and 14 cases of dentigerous cysts. Retrospective data were collected from the departmental archive, and demographic data along with clinical parameters were correlated. In addition, the Ki-67 index was assessed through immunohistochemical analysis for both study groups. Results: A clinical correlation between impacted teeth along with Ki-67 index in both dental follicles and dentigerous cysts was observed. Conclusion: Based on the findings, it is hypothesized that prophylactic extraction of impacted third molars should be mandatory, irrespective of their symptomatic or asymptomatic status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]