Search

We use time reversal microwave imaging to detect and classify benign and malignant breast cancer lesions in numerical phantoms. We employed Time Reversal MUSIC (TR MUSIC) method to detect breast tumors in the presence of adipose and fibroglandular breast tissues. The classification of tumors is made based on the analysis of singular values of the multistatic matrix. We consider two different bands of frequencies 0.9-3 GHz and 3-10 GHz to show that in 0.9-3 GHz frequency band some distinct features for classification for breast tumors can be extracted. © 2011 Engineers Australia.

The effects of carbon levels on plant growth, yield and fiber morphological properties are not available for kenaf that is considered as a potential source of low cost natural fiber and feedstock for energy production as well. A pot-culture experiment was conducted in shade house to determine the effects of carbon levels on plant growth, yield and fiber morphology of different kenaf varieties. The plants of five kenaf varieties were grown in pots containing sandy beach ridges interspersed with swales (BRIS) soil. Organic carbons at the levels of 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 t ha-1 were applied to pots using organic fertilizer. At harvest, stem diameter, plant height, leaf number, leaf area, plant components biomass, bast and core fiber yield and fiber dimensional properties were determined. Maximum growth, dry matter and fiber yield, and morphological characters were achieved at the carbon levels 20 t ha-1 but the values of these parameters decreased with additional increase in carbon levels. Among the varieties, HC2 had the highest plant height, leaf biomass, total dry matter and fiber yield. The longest bast fiber was observed in variety HC2. The variety G4 showed the widest fiber and higher lumen width among others. The bast fibers of all the kenaf verities were longer than core fiber. The core fiber was wider and higher in lumen width than the bast fiber. The above results keep a significant role and would be useful to select better varieties of kenaf for the purpose of making quality paper and paper products and to grow kenaf on BRIS soil with adequate yield and fibre quality using better management of organic carbon.Key words: Kenaf varieties, carbon levels, growth, yield, fiber morphology, beach ridges interspersed with swales (BRIS) soil.

This study examines age and sex patterns of children-s disability in the Parila union of Rajshahi, Bangladesh. For this we assumed that (1) prevalence of disability patterns and its severity in the middle childhood are higher than in the infancy or latter childhood in the Parila union of Rajshahi, (2) prevalence of disability patterns and its severity among the boys compared to girls are higher in the study area of Bangladesh. In order to examine the assumptions 102 samples, including their mothers were selected based on snowball process and the respondents were individually interviewed with semi-structured questionnaire method. The results of the study suggest that disability patterns and its severity among the male children were two-fold higher than the female children. In addition, these patterns of children-s disability and its severity in the middle childhood were also higher than in the infancy or latter childhood. Further study should conduct how socio-structural factors influence age and sex patterns of children-s disability patterns and its severity in Bangladesh., {"references":["L. M. Verbrugge, Li-Shou Yang & L. Juarez< \"Severity, timing and\nstructure of disability\", Social and Preventive Medicine, vol.49, no. 2,\npp.110-121, 2004.","U. S. Census Bureau, Americans with disabilities, Current Population\nReports. Available at http://www.census.gov/population/www/popprofile/\ndisabil.html.","U. S. Department of Justice, Americans with Disability Act of 1990, A\nGuide to Disability Rights Laws, September 2005. Available at\nhttp://www.ada.gov/cguide.html.","G. L. Albrecht ed., Encyclopedia of Disability. Thousand Oaks, Calif\n(u.a.): SAGE Publications, 2005.","F. Solo, Kriegel, Leonard. Boston: Beacon Press, 1998.","B. G. Smith & B. Hutchison ed., Gendering Disability. New Jersey:\nRutgers University Press, 2005.","K. Wheeler, Y. Yang & H. Xiang, \"Transportation use patterns of U. S.\nchildren and teenagers with disabilities\", Disability and Health Journal,\nvol.2, no.3, pp. 158-164, 2009.","J. Nishimura, Socio-economic status and distress: A comparative analysis\nin Japan and Korea. Available at www.stanford.edu.","C. G. Colen and C. Knutson, Do rising tides lift all boats equally?\nLifetime socio-economic status and health outcomes among Blacks and\nWhites in the U. S. Available at www.paa.2009.princeton.edu.\n[10] J. freeze & B. Powell, \"Sociobiology, status and parental investment in\nsons and daughters: testing the Trivers-Willard hypothesis\", American\nJournal of Sociology, vol. 106, no. 6, pp. 1704-1743, 1999.\n[11] Z. Zimmer et al., \"How indicators of socio-economic status relate to\nphysical functioning of older adults in three Asian societies\", Population\nCouncil, Policy Research Division, Working Paper, No. 172, 2003.\n[12] R. A. Miech & R. M. Hauser, Socioeconomic status (SES) and health at\nmidlife: A comparison of educational attainment with occupation-based\nindicators. June 2000. Available at www.ssc.wise.edu.\n[13] H. Kaur & A. Kalaramna, \"Study of interrelationship between home\nenvironment, social intelligence and socioeconomic status among males\nand females\", Journal of Human Ecology, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 137.140,\n2004.\n[14] Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency, The Prevalence of\nDisability and Activity Limitations among Adults and Children Living\nin Private Households in Northern Ireland. Bulletin 1, July 2007.\n[15] J. B. Maclavish et al., Parents of children with intellectual disability:\nPerspectives on leisure, vacation patterns and life quality. Available at\nlin.ca/Uploads/cclr11/CCLR11-87.\n[16] E. Loaiza & C. Cappa, Measuring children-s disability via household\nsurveys: The Mics Experience. Paper presented at the 2005 Population\nAssociation of America (PAA) Meeting, March 30-April 2 2005,\nPhiladelphia, PA., U.S.A.\n[17] I. Hodges et al., Our Children-s Health: Key Findings on the Health of\nNew Zealand Children. Wellington: Ministry of Health, 1998. Available\nat http://www.moh.govt.nz.\n[18] N. Maizlish & W. Lee, Prevalence of Obesity, Underweight, and Anemia\nin the Child Health and Disability Prevention Program (CHDP),\nBerkeley, 2006-2007. Berkeley: Department of Health and Human\nServices, Public Health Division, 2008.\n[19] S. T. Beaie, Population and Housing Census 2002, National Census\nReport. Bureau of statistics Guyana, 2007.\n[20] L. C.Richman and D. C Harper, \"Self identified Personality Patterns of\nchildren with facial or orthoaedic disfigurement,\" Cleft Palate journal,\nvol.16, no.3, pp.257-261, 1979.\n[21] L. C. Richman, M. J. Eliason and S. D. Lindgrer , \"Reading disability in\nchildren with clefts,\" Cleft Palate Journal, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 21-25,\n1988.\n[22] W. Scheidel, Measuring Age, Sex and Death in the Roman Empire:\nExplorations in Ancient Demography. Journal of Roman Archeology,\nsuppl. Ser. 21 Hbk. Ann Arbor.\n[23] K. J. A. Thomas, \"Disability among the children of migrants in South\nAfrica, African Population Studies Supplement B to vol. 19, pp. 131-\n156.\n[24] E. Laur (Co-ordinator), Children and Disability in Moldova. MONEE\nCountry Analytic Report 2002. Available at www.unicef-icdc.org.\n[25] S. Mckay & A. Atkinson, Disability and Caring among Families with\nChildren: Family Employment and Poverty Characteristics. Leeds:\nCorporate Document Services, 2007.\n[26] Northern Ireland Survey Group, The Prevalence of Disability and Activity\nLimitations amongst Adults and Children Living in Private Households\nin Northern Ireland. Belfast: Northern Ireland Statistics and Research\nAgency, 2007.\n[27] K. V. Ramachandran & J. Sunkur, Disability in Mauritius- Pattern, Trend\nand Policy Implications.\n[28] J. Turk, The Health and Social Aspects of Frazile X Syndrome. Georges-s\nMental Health NHS Trust, March 1996 (Rivised August 2008).\n[29] The Child Health Policy Institute, Summary of Lietature: Disability and\nChronic illness Prevalence in Children in South Africa. Rondebosch:\nChild Health Policy Institute, June 2001.\n[30] L. Grieger & M. Martinho, The effects of questionnaire design and\nsurvey methodology on child disability measurement-evidence from\nmultiple indicator cluster survey 2.\n[31] F. Briggas AO, Safety issue in the lives of children with learning\ndisabilities.\n[32] S. Venkatesas, \"Activity log of preschool children with developmental\ndisabilities and autism spectrum disorders\", Asia Pacific Disability\nRehabilitation Journal, vol.16, no.1, pp. 68-76, 2005.\n[33] Y. Bai, M. M. Hillemeier & E. J. Lengerich, \"Racial/ethnic disabilities in\nsymptom severity among children hospitalized with asthma\", Journal of\nHealth Care for the Poor and Underserved\", vol. 18, pp. 54-62, 2007.\n[34] Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Children with Disabilities in\nAustralia. AIHW cat no. DIS 38. Canberra: AIHW, 2004.\n[35] MMWR, \"Prevalence of selected developmental disabilities in children 3-\n10 years of age: the metropolitan Atlanta developmental disabilities\nsurveillance program, 1991\", Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report,\nvol. 45, no. ss-2 (April), 1996.\n[36] V. Bizier et al., Participation and Activity Limitation Survey 2006:\nAnalytical Report. Ottawa, Ontario: Social and Aboriginal Statistics\nDivision, 2007.\n[37] Ministry of Social Welfare, Bangladesh, Towards Equity, End of the\nDecade: Meeting the Targets and the Future Challenges. Dhaka:\nMinistry of Social Welfare, Government of the People-s Republic of\nBangladesh, Department of Social Services, October, 2002.\n[38] Centre for Services and Information on Disability, The Feminine\nDimension of Disability. Dhaka: CSID, 2002.\n[39] National Forum of Organizations Working with the Disabled (NFOWD),\nBangladesh, Regional Symposium on Disability, December 9-11, 2003,\nDhaka, Bangladesh. Dhaka: NFOWD, 2003.\n[40] A. Rahman et al., Bangladesh Health and Injury Survey Report on\nChildren. Dhaka: Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, 2005.\n[41] A. H. M. Norman Khan et al., Ability through Accessibility towards\nBarrier Free Environment for Persons with Disability: A Comprehensive\nStudy on the Situation and Prospects for Accessibility in Bangladesh.\nDhaka: Handicap International (HI), 2005.\n[42] A. H. M. Norman Khan et al., An Invisible Silent World: The Situation of\nthe Deafblind Persons in Bangladesh. Dhaka: National Forum of\nOrganizations Working with the Disabled (NFOWD) and Handicap\nInternational (HI), 2006.\n[43] N. Anam et al., Street Children with Disability. Dhaka: Centre for\nServices and Information on Disability (CSID), 2006.\n[44] A. H. M. Norman Khan et al., Towards A Barrier-Free Society: Asian\nand Pacific Decade of Disabled Person 2003-2010. Dhaka: Ministry of\nSocial Welfare, Government of the People-s Republic of Bangladesh,\nDepartment of Social Services, (April), 2007.\n[45] National Forum of Organizations Working with the Disabled (NFOWD)\nand Asia and Pacific Disability Forum (APDF), Asia and Pacific\nDisability Forum, 3rd General Assembly and Conference, February 27-\n29, 2008, Dhaka, Bangladesh: Disability and Development-Practical\nStrategies. Dhaka: NFOWD, (February) 2008.\n[46] M. Chowdhury et al., \"The horizon of unintentional injuries among\nchildren in low-income setting: an overview from Bangladesh health and\ninjury survey\", Journal of Environmental and Public Health, vol. 2009,\nArticle ID 435404, 6 Pages, 2009."]}

We report the observation of weak magnetism in superlattices of LaAlO3/SrTiO3 using beta-detected nuclear magnetic resonance. The spin lattice relaxation rate of Li-8 in superlattices with a spacer layers of 8 and 6 unit cells of LaAlO3 exhibits a strong peak near similar to 35 K, whereas no such peak is observed in a superlattice with spacer layer thickness of 3 unit cells. We attribute the observed temperature dependence to slowing down of weakly coupled electronic moments at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface. These results show that the magnetism at the interface depends strongly on the thickness of the spacer layer, and that a minimal thickness of similar to 4-6 unit cells is required for the appearance of magnetism. A simple model is used to determine that the observed relaxation is due to small fluctuating moments (similar to 0.002 mu(B)) in the two samples with a larger LaAlO3 spacer thickness. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.109.257207