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Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), the most common chronic lung disease in infants, is associated with long-term morbidities, including pulmonary hypertension (PH). Importantly, hyperoxia causes BPD and PH; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Herein, we performed high-throughput transcriptomic and proteomic studies using a clinically relevant murine model of BPD with PH. Neonatal wild-type C57BL6J mice were exposed to 21% oxygen (normoxia) or 70% oxygen (hyperoxia) during postnatal days (PNDs) 1-7. Lung tissues were collected for proteomic and genomic analyses on PND 7, and selected genes and proteins were validated by real-time quantitative PCR and immunoblotting analysis, respectively. Hyperoxia exposure dysregulated the expression of 344 genes and 21 proteins. Interestingly, hyperoxia downregulated genes involved in neuronal development and maturation in lung tissues. Gene set enrichment and gene ontology analyses identified apoptosis, oxidoreductase activity, plasma membrane integrity, organ development, angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and mitophagy as the predominant processes affected by hyperoxia. Furthermore, selected deregulated proteins strongly correlated with the expression of specific genes. Collectively, our results identified several potential therapeutic targets for hyperoxia-mediated BPD and PH in infants.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to measure the incidence of pain and analgesic use following restorative and surgical procedures and preventive fissure sealants in children and adolescents., Methods: One hundred and thirty 2- to 18-year-olds were selected from the Louisiana State University School of Dentistry pediatric dental clinic and appointed for restorative and surgical procedures and preventive fissure sealants. Each child's discomfort was evaluated immediately after the procedure using a Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale. Parents were contacted by phone within 48 hours following the procedure for a verbal survey to assess discomfort and analgesic use., Results: Thirty-three percent of the children reported discomfort, and 31% were given over-the-counter analgesics by their parents. Compared to all other subjects, patients who had received a primary stainless steel crown were significantly more likely to report discomfort (P<.001). The extraction of primary teeth did not result in a significant increase in reported pain., Conclusions: Postoperative discomfort is significantly associated with stainless steel crown treatment of primary teeth.