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Aquifers are severely polluted with organic and inorganic pollutants, posing a serious threat to the global ecological system's balance. While various traditional methods are available, the development of innovative methods for effluent treatment and reuse is critical. Polymers have recently been widely used in a variety of industry sectors due to their unique properties. Biopolymers are a biodegradable material that is also a viable alternative to synthetic polymers. Biopolymers are preferably obtained from cellulose and carrageenan molecules from various biological sources. While compared with conventional non-biodegradable polymeric materials, the biopolymer possesses unique characteristics such as renewability, cost-effectiveness, biodegradability, and biocompatibility. The improvements towards the biopolymeric (natural) membranes have also been thoroughly discussed. The use of nanofillers to stabilise and improve the effectiveness of biopolymeric membranes in the elimination of organic pollutants is one of the most recent developments. This was discovered that the majority of biopolymeric membranes technology consolidated on organic pollutants. More research should be directed toward against emerging organic/persistent organic pollutants (POP) and micropollutants. Furthermore, processes for regenerating and reusing utilized biopolymer-based carbon - based materials are emphasized.

Current health and environmental concerns about the abundance and drawbacks of municipal wastewater as well as industrial effluent have prompted the development of novel and innovative treatment processes. A global shortage of clean water poses significant challenges to the survival of all life forms. For the removal of both biodegradable and non-biodegradable harmful wastes/pollutants from water, sophisticated wastewater treatment technologies are required. Polymer membrane technology is critical to overcoming this major challenge. Polymer matrix-based nanocomposite membranes are among the most popular in polymer membrane technology in terms of convenience. These membranes and their major components are environmentally friendly, energy efficient, cost effective, operationally versatile, and feasible. This review provides an overview of the drawbacks as well as promising developments in polymer membrane and nanocomposite membranes for environmental remediation, with a focus on wastewater treatment. Additionally, the advantages of nanocomposite membranes such as stability, antimicrobial properties, and adsorption processes have been discussed. The goal of this review was to summarize the remediation of harmful pollutants from water and wastewater/effluent using polymer matrix-based nanocomposite membrane technology, and to highlight its shortcomings and future prospects.

Providers of educational services are part of marketing management. Marketing management for educational institutions (in schools, especially madrasah) is needed in line with the increasingly attractive competition between schools. Marketing is needed for educational institutions to build a positive image. If the institution or school has a good image in the eyes of the community, it is likely that it will be easier to overcome competition. Judging from its type, this research is a case study, data collection methods, namely: (1) Observation (2) interviews (3) documentation. Furthermore, the data obtained and collected from field activities and qualitative analysis with data grouping techniques, then conclusions are drawn. The results of research on educational service delivery / marketing systems carried out by MIN 2 Jombang are: using internal marketing (internal marketing), external marketing and interactive marketing.

Masalah kemiskinan menjadi hal yang perlu diperhatikan terutama di Kota Kebumen. Memang kemiskinan tidak dapat dihilangkan tapi setidaknya bisa diminimalisir. Salah satu instrumen untuk mengurangi kemiskinan yaitu dengan zakat. Adanya penyaluran/ pentashorufan dana zakat produktif diharapkan bisa membawa dampak positif terhadap rumah tangga mustahik. Penellitian dilakukan di BAZNAS Kabupaten Kebumen dengan subjeknya para mustahik dalam program Kebumen Makmur. Metode yang digunakan kuesioner, observasi, dokumentasi serta wawancara terkait data yang membutuhkan penjelasan. Analisis data menggunakan model CIBEST dan uji statistik. Tujuannya untuk mengetahui dampak yang ditimbulkan dari dana zakat produktif terhadap kondisi rumah tangga mustahik dari sisi material juga spiritual. Berdasarkan uji statistik yang dilakukan dana zakat produktif mempengaruhi pendapatan mustahik sebesar 39,3 persen dan sisanya dijelaskan oleh variabel lain di luar penelitian ini. Dengan model CIBEST, Indeks Kemiskinan Islami menunjukkan dana zakat produktif mampu menaikkan kesejahteraan rumah tangga mustahik sebesar 0,02 persen dan menurunkan kemiskinan sebesar (0,019) persen. Adapun mustahik di Kabupaten Kebumen tidak ada yang miskin spiritual namun dengan adanya dana zakat produktif sedikit menambah sisi spiritualnya dalam hal berinfak dan berbagi. Hal ini berarti bahwa dana zakat produktif memberikan pengaruh atau dampak yang positif.

The implementation of the tax dispute trial is regulated by the Law of The Republic of Indonesia No.14/2002 concerning Tax Court article 4 which states that the tax dispute trial conducted by the tax court can be held in Jakarta and other regions if it is deemed necessary. The problem arises when local taxpayers whose tax dispute trials are held outside Jakarta hire a tax consultant from Jakarta, the taxpayer must bear the transportation and accomodation costs of the tax consultant team who come to the region where the trial is held, such as airline tickets, hotels, and other costs during the trial. The tax court institution also bear the travel cost of the official team of tax court judges who will lead the trial, because the judge who leads the trial comes from Jakarta. This study aims to analyze the implementation of tax dispute trial held outside Jakarta in terms of the principle of ease of administration. The results show that in terms of the four ease of administration principles, only the principle of efficiency is not fulfilled. This is due to the high costs incurred by taxpayers and tax courts side to conduct tax dispute trials outside Jakarta.

The research was conducted aimed to find out how much honest attitude that has been applied in Fiqh learning about hudud in class XI IIK 1. This research method uses field research, which is qualitative in nature, namely the research data procedures that produce descriptive data in the form of words written or oral statements from teachers and students tend to be analysis. The results of the study are first, Implementation of Learning in Class XI IIK 1. Second Learning of Jurisprudence in Hudud in Class XI IIK 1. Third Learning of Jurisprudence About Hudud in Class XI IIK 1. Honest attitude that must be applied by students in the learning about hudud namely students must always be honest in answering questions from the teacher and it has been applied as described, when the teacher gives questions students are required to answer questions with each answer without cheating answers from friends. It is very clear to say that the application or implementation of an honest attitude has been applied in learning in the classroom, meaning that the application of an honest attitude in students of class XI IIK 1 has grown and formed well in the study of jurisprudence about hudud. Keywords:Learning Implementation,Honest attitude, Fiqih Learning about Hudud. ABSTRAK Penelitian dilakuan bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar sikap jujur yang telah diterapkan dalam pembelajaran Fiqih tentang hudud pada kelas XI IIK 1. Metodepenelitian ini menggunakan Penelitian lapangan (field research), yang sifatnya kualitatif, yakni prosedur data penelitian yang menghasilkan data deskriptif berupa kata-kata tertulis atau lisan dari para guru dan siswa cenderung analisis. Hasil penelitian yang di dapat yaitu pertama,Implementasi Pembelajaran di Kelas XI IIK 1.Kedua Pembelajaran Fiqih Tentang Hudud di Kelas XI IIK 1. Ketiga Pembelajaran Fiqih Tentang Hudud di Kelas XI IIK 1. Sikap jujur yang harus di terapkan oleh siswa dalam pembelajaran tentang hudud yaitu siswa harus selalu berkata jujur dalam menjawab pertanyaan dari guru dan itu sudah diterapkan seperti yang sudah dipaparkan, ketika guru memberi soal-soal siswa dituntut untuk menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan dengan jawaban masing-masing tanpa menyontek jawaban dari teman. Sangat jelas dikatakan bahwa penerapan atau implementasi sikap jujur sudah diterapkan dalam pembelajaran di kelas, artinya penerapan sikap jujur pada diri siswa kelas XI IIK 1 sudah tumbuh dan terbentuk dengan baik dalam pembelajaran fiqih tentang hudud. Kata Kunci:Implementasi Pembelajaran,Sikap Jujur, Pembelajaran Fiqih tentang Hudud.

Aluminum alloy banyak digunakan pada industri manufaktur dirgantara sebagai material struktur pesawat terbang karena memiliki sifat yang ringan namun kuat. Aluminum alloy 2024 sering digunakan pada skin pesawat terbangPengujian yang dilakukan dengan cara Aluminum Alloy 2024-T3 di heat treatment pada suhu 100, 150 dan 200 °C dengan waktu tahan 60 menit, 90 menit dan 120 menit kemudian di quenching menggunakan air. Setelah dilakukan heat treatment dan quenching Aluminum Alloy 2024-T3 di uji tarik, uji kekerasan brinell, dan pengamatan struktur mikro dari Aluminum Alloy 2024-T3. Dari hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa heat treatment dan quenching pada Aluminum Alloy 2024-T3, diperoleh nilai tensile stress rata-rata tertinggi pada suhu 150 °C dengan waktu tahan 90 menit sebesar 154,52 Mpa, kekerasan rata-rata teringgi pada suhu 150 °C dengan waktu tahan 120 menit sebesar 95,66 HBW.

“Explaining the grammar principles is a explain of the basic sources from which its phenomena were taken and its rulings are extrapolated from it, and it is unavoidable for every Arab grammar student to stand on it and consider it. The grammarians of Basrien were the first to reexplain these principles and stick to them. They have their own grammatical method and they infer this evidence. The Basroun relies on hearing such as the Qur’anic verses, the hadiths of the Prophet and the words of the Arabs like the Kufic, but they require many conditions, especially in the hadith and the words of the Arabs, as well as by analogy and consensus.”

Functionalized carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) show great promise for various drug delivery applications. These CNPs have distinct physical and chemical properties, such as low solubility, very high conductivity, and drug loading capability, and are thus important nanodevices for cancer therapy. Cancer is a highly challenging disease, because its therapy involves distinguishing diseased cells from healthy ones. This study aimed to determine the ability of CNPs conjugated with a chemotherapeutic agent to inhibit cancer cell growth. We developed two models to determine the effectiveness of paclitaxel (PTX) as an antitumor agent bonded to single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) varying in radius (r). The models were used to mathematically evaluate the energy arising from the PTX–SWCNT interaction. The first model divided the PTX molecule into 15 subcomponents: 4 imidazole rings, 1 group of atoms forming a cylindrical nanotube, 6 methyl groups (small spheres represented as individual CH3 molecules), 3 carboxyl groups (medium-sized spheres represented as individual CO2 molecules), and 1 large sphere. In the second model, PTX was modeled as a spherical cage with a spheroidal structure. Next, we determined the minimum interaction energy between each subcomponent and an SWCNT of radius r, and then summed the interactions to determine the total energy (E). The numerical results indicated that SWCNTs can be loaded with PTX. We also determined the critical nanotube r required for acceptance of the PTX molecule. We believe that the findings of this research will encourage the development of new nanodevices capable of delivering larger amounts of drugs, genes, and proteins.

Coronavirus (COVID19) is an infectious disease that attacks the human body, particularly within the respiratory regions, e.g., nasal and lung tissues. COVID19 infection is classified into three different stages: mild, moderate, and severe. Recovery from the first two stages can mostly be achieved without special treatment, but these stages can lead to death for older people and those who have underlying medical conditions, such as diabetes, chronic-respiratory disease, HIV, and cardiovascular disease. COVID19 prefers to attack the tissues and membranes of the respiratory system, especially those found in the nose, throat, and on the external surface of the lungs. Aquaporins (AQPs) are a large family of integral biomembranes that facilitate transport of water and small biomolecules between cells. The current work develops two scientific sub-models, i.e., biological and statistical. The biological model is aimed at investigating the realistic mechanism of bio-interaction between the two types of COV and different AQP protein channels. This model is obtained mathematically by evaluating the magnitude of the potential energy arising from SARSCOV and COVID19 penetrating the cavity of the AQP protein channels located on the external surface of human cells. We use an exponential function to estimate the transmission rate of COVID19 with respect to time in different territories. Additionally, we observe that temperature and direct contact play major roles in determining the number of infected cases, and consider relative humidity as a secondary factor. Our results show that AQP1, AQP3, and AQP4 are the most favorable tissues for COVID19 spread because their pH exceeds 6.5. A mathematical model is developed that describes the behavior of the COVID19 outbreak in terms of temperature (μ) and direct contact (α) rate.

Penelitian ini bermuara dari adanya kebosanan dan sulitnya siswa dalam memahami materi pembelajaran fiqih. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk 1) mendeskripsikan pembelajaran fiqih berbasis kontekstual pada kelas 10 bahasa di MA Fattah Hasyim Tambakberas Jombang, 2) menampakkan unsur kontekstual pada pelajaran fiqih. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yaitu observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Analisa datanya meliputi pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan Dengan teknik triangulasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan pembelajaran kontektual terdapat pada kegiatan pembukaan, inti dan penutup, unsurnya terdapat aspek kontektual dalam pembelajaran fiqh pada kegiatan konstruktivisme, inquiry, tanya jawab. Dan unsur-unsur kontekstual tersebut tedapat pada materi pelajaran.

Carbon nanomaterials have received increasing attention in drug delivery applications because of their distinct properties and structures, including large surface areas, high conductivity, low solubility in aqueous media, unique chemical functionalities and stability at the nano-scale size. Particularly, they have been used as nano-carriers and mediators for anticancer drugs such as, combination with Cisplatin, Camptothecin and Doxorubicin. Cancer has become the most challenging disease because its sophisticated therapy and classified as one of the top killers according to the World health organization records. The aim of the current work is to study and investigate the mechanism of combination between single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and the fullerene derivatives (C N -[OH] β ) as mediators, and anticancer drugs for photodynamic therapy directly to destroy the infected cells without damaging the normal ones. Here, we obtain a bio-medical model to determine the efficiency of usefulness of Doxorubicin (DOX) as an antitumor agent conjugated with SWCNTs with variant radii r and fullerene derivative (C N -[OH] β ). The two sub-models are obtained mathematically to evaluate the potential energy arising from the DOX-SWCNT and DOX-(C N -[OH] β ) interactions. DOX modelled as two-connected spheres, small and large, each interacting with different SWCNTs (variant radii r ) and fullerene derivatives C N -[OH] β , forming based on the number of carbon atoms (N) and the number of Hydroxide molecules (OH) ( β ), respectively.

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya capaian belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran fisika. Hal ini ditandai dengan rendahnya nilai ujian nasional tahun 2019 dimana mata pelajaran fisika menempati nilai terendah kedua setelah matematika. Salah satu solusi untuk mengatasi masalah ini adalah dengan meningkatkan intensitas belajar siswa secara mandiri, serta dengan melakukan latihan. Salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan intensitas belajar siswa adalah dengan meningkatkan minat siswa dalam belajar. Game edukasi merupakan salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan minat belajar siswa. Selain meningkatkan hasil belajar, game edukasi juga dapat meningkatkan motivasi dan keaktifan siswa dalam belajar. Game edukaisi juga membuat siswa tidak mudah bosan selama proses pembelajaran. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan sebuah game edukasi fisika untuk materi fluida dinamis yang layak digunakan untuk siswa kelas XI baik di dalam maupun di luar kelas. Model pengembangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah model 4-D, dengan alur pengembangan software menggunakan metode waterfall. Game edukasi yang dikembangkan kemudian divalidasi oleh ahli materi dan ahli media menggunakan kuisioner dengan skala likert, tujuannya untuk mengetahui apakah game yang dikembangkan layak untuk digunakan dalam kegiatan pembelajaran. Hasil validasi game yang dikembangkan memperoleh capaian 90% oleh ahli materi dan 85% oleh ahli media, oleh karena itu game edukasi yang dikembangkan dapat dinyatakan sangat layak untuk digunakan dalam kegiatan pembelajaran. Setelah itu game yang dikembangkan kemudian dilakukan uji persepsi oleh guru dan siswa SMA, dan memperoleh capaian sebesar 91.67% oleh guru dan 83.57% oleh siswa. Dari hasil ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa game yang dikembangkan dapat dinyatakan sangat layak digunakan dalam kegiatan pembelajaran serta bermanfaat bagi guru dan siswa. The background of this study is the low score of physics subject indicated by the result of 2019 national exam, where physics average score is in the second-lowest place just after math. One of the solutions to this problem is to raise the students’ intensity on learning by themselves, continued by doing some exercise. To increase students learning intensity, it is necessary to attract the student to study. Educational games is one way to attract students’ interest in learning. In addition to improving learning outcomes, educational games can also increase students’ motivation and activeness in learning. An educational games is often interesting and prevent students to get bored. Therefore, this study aims to produce a physics educational game for dynamic fluid material that is suitable to be used for class XI students both inside and outside the classroom. This study uses 4-D development model, alongside with the SDLC waterfall model for software development. The game was validated by learning material and media experts to decide whether the game is valid to used in learning, using a questionnaire with Likert scale. The validation results 90% score by the learning materials expert and 85% by the media expert. From this result, the game can be categorized as very valid and proper to use. Afterward, the game is tested by high school students and physics teachers in order to know the readability, resulting score of 83.57% from the students and 91.67% from the teacher. Thus, it can be concluded that the developed game is valid and can be used in learning.

“In the process of acquisition of B1, a person has undergone a course (acquisition of language naturally), so automatically all elements of language in B1 will be attached and easily he mastered. Another case with B2, one still has to try (consciously) to master all elements of language about B2. There are several relationships between B1 and B2 that a person is studying, including both language equations and language differences, as well as language structure. The existence of easy in learning B2 because there are some similarities between B1 and B2. Conversely, difficulties arise in learning B2 because of the differences between the two languages, which can even lead to errors. So with this please note that the influence of B1 to B2 and will always exist.”

Jordanian families today face an educational edifice significantly changed by privatization, increased costs, and market-driven logics. While some students resist these structures through protests,...

Background: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is one of the life-threatening acute complications of diabetes mellitus that mainly occurs in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). This study aimed to determine the socioeconomic factors associated with DKA in patients with T1DM in Basrah. Methods: A cross-sectional study including patients with T1DM who were admitted due to DKA or any other complaint in any of the teaching hospitals in Basrah, from February to October 2017. Data collection from each patient or their parents using a questionnaire was designed to capture personal, social, and disease-related factors. Results: One hundred forty-seven patients were involved in this study. They were compared with different factors to assess correlations with the risk of DKA. Younger age, underweight, being without a job, low personal and/or mother educational level, travel, home glucose monitoring less than 7 times a week, uncontrolled HbA1c and insulin stoppage as a cause of DKA regardless of the reasons to stop were associated with an increased risk of DKA. On the other hand, own home, availability of a glucometer for checking glucose, basal-bolus insulin regimen, insulin supply, and education at a tertiary center, correct injection technique whoever injected the insulin and dietary adherence, all were associated with a decreased risk of DKA. Other factors like gender, marital status, smoking status, father educational level, residency, income, personal home area, the frequency of HbA1c checking, and family history of diabetes were not associated with a significant effect on the DKA risk. Conclusions: Multiple socioeconomic factors interact to play a vital role in the development of DKA among patients with T1DM in Basrah.

Objectives: In 2013, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended new criteria for diagnosing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Our study aimed to compare the incidence of GDM and its complications among Omani pregnant women using the new diagnostic criteria compared to previous criteria published in 1999. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted between January and December 2016 at the Bawshar Specialized Polyclinic in Muscat, Oman. A total of 613 Omani women were included in the study. Baseline maternal characteristics such as age, body mass index, parity, and socioeconomic status were recorded in addition to maternal and neonatal outcomes. Results: Based on the current diagnostic criteria, the incidence of GDM was 48.5% (n = 297); however, this dropped to 26.4% (n = 162) when applying the old criteria. Moreover, rates of maternal complications including polyhydramnios (5.6% vs. 4.6%), pregnancy-induced hypertension (3.2% vs. 1.5%), and preterm delivery (3.2% vs. 1.5%) were slightly higher among women with GDM diagnosed using the latest criteria. However, these differences were not statistically significant. Neonatal complications were also slightly more frequent among the first group, without any significant differences. Conclusions: The incidence of GDM among Omani women rose dramatically when utilizing the latest WHO diagnostic criteria, owing to a lower fasting blood glucose cut-off value. In addition, a comparison of the frequencies of maternal and neonatal complications supports the validity of the new criteria. These findings should be taken into consideration by decision-makers in Oman when planning antenatal and postnatal services.

The new generations of nano-devices successfully apply with great promise as drug carriers in the treatment of different diseases. The proposed model aims to determine the pharmacological targets and evaluate the bio-safety of usefulness of carbon nanotube conjugated with two different antiviral compounds, Acetylcholine and Ravastigmine, for treating Alzheimer disease. We also obtain the medicinal model mathematically to evaluate the interaction energy arising from encapsulation of each antiviral compound inside the single-walled carbon nanotube. Acetylcholine is modelled as two-connected spheres, while Ravastigmine has two possible structures which are an ellipsoid and cylinder, all interacting with the interior wall of single-walled carbon nanotubes with variant radii rc . Our calculations show that the single-walled carbon nanotube of radius rc greater than 3.391 A that will accept both drugs which are quite closer to the recent findings.