Search

Hydraena (Hydraenopsis) josefinae Benetti, Valladares, Delgado & Hamada, 2020 Hydraena (Hydraenopsis) josefinae Benetti, Valladares, Delgado & Hamada, 2020: 392 DISTRIBUTION: Endemic to Brazil, currently known only from the type locality (Amapá State, Laranjal do Jari). HABITAT RECORDS: Stream, with a bed of gravel, bedrock and stones with frequent riparian roots and associated algae. (Benetti et al. 2020)., Published as part of Benetti, Cesar J. & Hamada, Neusa, 2022, Annotated checklist of Hydraenidae (Coleoptera, Polyphaga) of Brazil, pp. 425-434 in Zootaxa 5165 (3) on page 428, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5165.3.7, http://zenodo.org/record/6838497, {"references":["Benetti, C. J., Valladares, L. F., Delgado, J. A. & Hamada, N. (2020) Two new species of Hydraena Kugelann, 1794 from Brazil (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa, 4750 (3), 391 - 402. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4750.3.5"]}

Ilyobius erebus sp. nov. Mendes, Nascimento, Fusari & Hamada (Figs 2–10) Specimens examined. Holotype: male (pinned), with associated pupal and last instar exuviae in glycerin. Brazil, Minas Gerais State, Poços de Caldas, Morro do Ferro (21°53’33.6’’S; 46°33’04.2’’W); 16.VI.2021; N. Hamada, L.M. Fusari, J.O. da Silva, M. R. Santos, cols. (INPA). Paratypes. Same data as holotype: two males: one pinned (INPA), one fixed in 80% alcohol (MZUSP), with pupae and exuviae of the last-instar larvae in glycerin; three females: one pinned (INPA), two fixed in alcohol 80% (one at INPA, one at MZUSP), with pupae and exuviae of the last instar larvae in glycerin; one last-instar larvae (INPA), fixed in 80% alcohol. Diagnosis. Ilyobius erebus sp. nov. is distinguished from all other species in the genus by the following characters. Head and pronotum are almost completely blackish, covered with golden setae (Fig. 2A–D). Male sternite 9 is trifurcate, with medial projection longer than lateral ones, in caudal view (Fig. 4C, D). Gonocoxite 9 is robust and subtriangular in lateral view. Ectoproct is rounded in lateral view, with ventral margin fused to gonocoxite 11 (Fig. 4A, B). Gonocoxite 11 is L-shaped in lateral view (Fig. 4A, B), and divided into two sclerites medially connected in caudal view (Fig. 4C, D). Gonostylus 11 is pointed and projected upwards in lateral view (Fig. 4A, B). Female sternite 7 subtriangular in ventral view (Fig. 7C, D), with thumb-shaped projection on distal margin in lateral view (Fig. 7A, B). Gonocoxite 8 is reduced, located beneath sternite 7 (Fig. 7E). Gonapophysis 8 is subrectangular in shape, with anterior margin concave, posterior margin convex, and anterolateral corners falcate in ventral view (Fig. 7C, D). Mature larva head is orange-brown, with darker areas on anterior region (Fig. 8C). Description. Male. Body length: mean = 7.17 mm (Standard deviation (SD) ± 0.391, n = 3); Forewing length: mean = 9.18 mm (SD ± 0.839, n = 3); width: mean = 2.54 mm (SD ± 0.361, n = 3); hindwing, length: mean = 8.25 mm (SD ± 1.06, n = 3); width: 2.55–3.10 mm (n = 2). Head (Fig. 2C, D). Width (at the widest point): mean = 1.64 mm (SD± 0.086, n = 3); length: mean = 1.17 mm (SD ± 0.081, n = 3); region between the posterior margin of the eyes: mean = 1.55 mm (SD ± 0.065, n = 3). General color blackish, except region of gena, surrounded by dark orange-brown area in lateral view (Fig. 2D); densely covered with golden setae. Scape, pedicel and flagellum blackish, with 30 flagellomeres, densely covered with black setae. Frons with a slight depression between the antennae (Fig. 2C). Posterior region with numerous muscle scars (Fig. 2C). Clypeus and labrum dark brown, densely covered with golden setae; clypeus with median concavity; maxillary and labial palpi dark brown, densely covered with golden and blackish setae (Fig. 2D). Thorax (Fig. 2A). Pronotum blackish, rectangular; width: mean = 1.54 mm (SD ± 0.097, n = 3); length: mean = 0.75 mm (SD ± 0.063, n = 3), densely covered with golden setae. Meso- and metanotum blackish, subrectangular and densely covered with short, golden setae. Legs. Dark brown, densely covered with golden setae; fore femur shorter than mid- and hind femur and slightly expanded. Tibial spurs short, yellow. Basitarsi of fore- and midleg short, slightly smaller than second and third tarsomeres together; longer on hind leg, slightly larger than second and third tarsomeres together. Pretarsal claws yellow. Wings (Fig. 3A, B). Membrane translucent dark brown in alcohol and iridescent blackish in vivo, densely covered with golden setae. Veins light brown, pterostigma absent. Forewing: costal area slightly expanded on proximal 1/3 of the wing length, with nine crossveins; radial area with three crossveins; RP with two branches; M bifurcated near mid-length of wing; MA unforked; MP bifurcated near posterior wing margin; mediocubital area with three crossveins; CuA bifurcated near posterior margin; CuP not bifurcated. Intracubital area with a single crossvein. Area between A1 and A2 with a single crossvein; A2 forked before R fork. Area between A2 and A3 with a single crossvein. Hindwing: similar to forewing; costal area undilated, with nine crossveins; radial area with four crossveins; mediocubital area with a single crossvein; MP not bifurcated; anal area expanded (Fig. 3B). Abdomen. Blackish, densely covered with golden setae. Genitalia (Figs 4A–D; 5A–D; 6A, B). Tergite 9 sclerotized, densely setose; subtriangular with rounded margin in lateral view (Fig. 4A, B); in dorsal view, sub-rectangular; basal margin concave, distal margin convex (Fig. 5A, B). Sternite 9 trifurcate in caudal view, sparsely setose, central projection longer than lateral ones (Fig. 4C, D); in lateral view, medial projection wider medially (Fig. 4A, B); in ventral view, only medial projection is visible, the lateral ones are not visible (Fig. 5C, D). Endophalic sac membranous, eversible, with several fringed thorny setae (Fig. 6A, B). Gonocoxite 9 robust, setose; in lateral view, subtriangular with rounded apex, slightly concave in dorsal region, near the rounded apex (Fig. 4A, B). Anal tubercle membranous. Ectoprocts paired, in lateral view, rounded; dorsal margins convex, ventral margins straight, posteriorly directed, with proximal margins fused to gonocoxite 11 (Fig. 4A, B); in dorsal view, subtriangular, internal margins concave (Fig. 5A, B). Gonocoxite 11 L-shaped in lateral view, distal region pointed at apex and projected upwards, representing gonostylus 11 (Fig. 4A, B); gonocoxite 11 divided into two sclerites that are medially directed and connected by a membranous region in caudal view, setose (Fig. 4C, D); each sclerite with internal margin sinuous. Female. Body length: mean = 10.51 mm (SD ± 0.375, n = 3); forewing length: mean = 10.76 mm (SD ± 0.189, n = 3); width: mean = 3.19 mm (SD ± 0.249, n = 3). Hindwing length: mean = 9.25 mm (SD ± 0.573, n = 3); width: mean = 3.53 mm (SD ± 0.166, n = 3). General coloration and external morphology similar to male. Head. Width (widest region): mean = 2.10 mm (SD ± 0.034, n = 3); length: mean = 1.51 mm (SD ± 0.134, n = 3); region between the posterior margin of the eyes: mean= 1.98 mm (SD ± 0.038, n = 3); scape, pedicel and flagellum blackish with 32 flagellomeres. Thorax. Pronotum: width: mean = 1.98 mm (SD ± 0.046, n = 3); length: mean = 0.99 mm (SD ± 0.042, n = 3). Forewing: costal area with nine crossveins; area between M and CuA with two crossveins. Hindwing: similar to forewing; costal area with eight crossveins; MP not bifurcated. Genitalia (Fig. 7A–E). Sternite 7 with thumb-shaped, posteriorly projected median projection in lateral view (Fig. 7A, B); in ventral view, subtriangular with posterior margin rounded, projected medially (Fig. 7C, D). Tergite 9 subtrapezoidal, in lateral view, ventral region broadly valvate; joined to upper region by junction line (Fig. 7A, B). Gonocoxite 8 reduced, represented by a small, setose sclerite in ventral view (Fig. 7E), located beneath sternite 7 (Fig. 7C, D). Gonapophysis 8 as a single straight sclerotized plate; in lateral view, subrectangular with falcate dorsal apex (Fig. 7A, B); in ventral view, subrectangular in shape, with anterior margin slightly concave and posterior margin convex, with lateral regions falcate (Fig. 7C, D). Gonocoxite 9 subretangular in lateral view, setose, posteriorly with a small gonostylus 9 at apex (Fig. 7A, B). Ectoproct setose, in lateral view, short, ovoid (Fig. 7A, B). Mature larvae (Fig. 8A–D). Length = 10.24 mm (except caudal filament); maximum width = 2.32 mm (n =1). Head (Fig. 8B, D). Length, from the clypeal margin to distal region of the head capsule = 2.49 mm; maximum width = 2.36 mm; subquadrate. Orange-brown in color, with darker areas on anterior region (Fig. 8C); strongly sclerotized; muscle scars on posterior half (Fig. 8C); several thin sparse setae distributed on head capsule. Clypeus wide and narrow, length = 0.24 mm; width = 1.72 mm. Antenna (Fig. 9D) 4-articulated; first antennomere longer than wide, wider than the others; second antennomere longer than others, ca. 2.5X longer than antennomere 1; antennomere 3 slender, ca. 1.5X longer than antennomere 1; antennomere 4 slender and shorter than antennomere 3, apically with short, setiform sensilla. Labrum (Fig. 9A) strongly sclerotized, subtriangular, ca. 5X wider at base than at apex; basally slightly wider than long; lateral margins concave; with thin setae sparsely distributed in dorsal view; in ventral view, with two pointed apophyses at tip. Mandible (Fig. 9C) symmetrical, slender and long, sharply pointed with minute basal tooth (difficult to see in specimens with worn mandibles), with two preapical teeth and a sharp terminal tooth, slightly serrated at base; outer margin convex, with basal, thin, long seta, and short slender seta near midlength. Maxilla (Fig. 9B), in ventral view, with cardo and stipes subtriangular; cardo ca. 1.5X longer than stipes. Lacinia hook-like, well developed. Galea cone-shaped. Palpifer subrectangular. Palpus: first palpomere wider than long, shorter than others; second palpomere longer than others, twice the length of the third; fourth palpomere cone-shaped. Labium (Fig. 9B) with submentum hexagonal in ventral view, ca. 1.1X longer than cardo; mentum subrectangular, slightly longer than wide, ca. 1.8X shorter than submentum, with lightly sclerotized areas; prementum wider than long, ca. 1.2X narrower than mentum; with well-developed membranous ligula. Thorax (Figs 8A, 10A–C). Tergites orange, with diffuse blackish marks, especially on meso- and metanotum (Fig. 8A). Pronotum: length = 1.61 mm; maximum width = 2.39 mm; subrectangular, anterior margin slightly rounded, posterior margin straight. Legs (Fig. 10A–F): yellowish. Coxa of all legs slightly wider than long, with few setae sparsely distributed (Fig. 10A–F). Profemur ca. 3.5X longer than wide; internal margin with long, thick setae; internal surface with two rows of long setae near external margin (Fig. 10A); external surface with long, thick setae near external margin and with a row of shorter setae on the submedial region (Fig. 10B); mesofemur ca. 3X longer than wide; internal margin with long, thick setae; internal and external surface with a row of long setae near external margin; internal surface with a row of short setae near internal margin (Fig. 10C); external surface with a row of short setae on submedial region (Fig. 10D); hindfemur ca. 3.5X longer than wide; internal margin with long, thick setae; internal and external surface with a row of long, thin setae near external margin (Fig. 10E, F); external surface with a row of shorter setae on submedial region and with a row of pectinate sensillae above submedial row of setae (Fig. 10E); internal surface with a row of short setae near internal margin with a row of pectinate sensillae between the internal margin and the row of setae on the submedial region (Fig. 10F). Protibia ca. 2.6X longer than wide; mesotibia ca. 2.9X longer than wide; foretibia subequal in size to mesotibia. Tibia of all legs with few, long, thick setae on internal and external margins; with thin, long setae on external margin (Fig. 10A–F); internal margin with a long, thick seta; external surface of pro- and mesothoracic legs with a row of short, thick setae submedially (Fig. 10B, D); external and internal surface of metathoracic leg with pectinate sensillae below the submedial row of setae (Fig. 10E, F). Protarsus ca. 3.5X longer than wide; mesotarsus ca. 3.9X longer than wide; metatarsus ca. 3X longer than wide; internal and external margin of prothoracic and mesothoracic leg with thick setae; external margin with thin setae; external surface with longitudinal row of thick setae dorsally and ventrally (Fig. 10B, D); external and internal surface of metathoracic leg, with a row of short, thick setae submedially; with pectinate sensillae below the submedial row of setae (Fig. 10E, F). Tarsal claws with approximately the same width along the entire length. Abdomen (Fig. 8A). Poorly sclerotized; light brown; abdominal gills whitish translucent. Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from Erebus, Latin for darkness, an allusion to the coloration of this new species, the first in the genus that is almost completely dark. The name is a genitive in the fourth declension. Distribution. Poços de Caldas municipality, Morro do Ferro, Minas Gerais State, Brazil (Fig. 1A, B).

Hydraena (Hydraenopsis) anaphora Perkins, 1980 Hydraena anaphora Perkins, 1980: 178; Perkins 2011: 52, 145. Hydraena (Hydraenopsis) anaphora Perkins: Trizzino et al. 2013: App. 1. DISTRIBUTION: A very disjunct distribution, currently known from Brazil (Mato Grosso State) and French Guiana. HABITAT RECORDS: River (Perkins 2011)., Published as part of Benetti, Cesar J. & Hamada, Neusa, 2022, Annotated checklist of Hydraenidae (Coleoptera, Polyphaga) of Brazil, pp. 425-434 in Zootaxa 5165 (3) on page 427, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5165.3.7, http://zenodo.org/record/6838497, {"references":["Perkins, P. D. (1980) Aquatic beetles of the family Hydraenidae in the Western Hemisphere: classification, biogeography and inferred phylogeny (Insecta: Coleoptera). Quaestiones entomologicae, 16, 3 - 554.","Perkins, P. D. (2011) New records and description of fifty-four new species of aquatic beetles in the genus Hydraena Kugelann from South America (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa, 3074 (1), 1 - 198. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3074.1.1","Trizzino, M., Jach, M. A., Audisio, P. A., Alonso, R. & Ribera, I. (2013) A molecular phylogeny of the cosmopolitan hyperdiverse genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera, Hydraenidae). Systematic Entomology, 38, 192 - 208. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.2012.00654. x"]}

Hydraena (Hydraenopsis) pantanalensis Perkins, 2011 Hydraena pantanalensis Perkins, 2011: 46. Hydraena (Hydraenopsis) pantanalensis Perkins: Trizzino et al. 2013: App. 1. DISTRIBUTION: Endemic to Brazil, currently known only from the type locality (Mato Grosso State, Rio Bento Gomes). HABITAT RECORDS: “Pantanal” (wetland area) is the only available data (Perkins 2011)., Published as part of Benetti, Cesar J. & Hamada, Neusa, 2022, Annotated checklist of Hydraenidae (Coleoptera, Polyphaga) of Brazil, pp. 425-434 in Zootaxa 5165 (3) on page 428, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5165.3.7, http://zenodo.org/record/6838497, {"references":["Perkins, P. D. (2011) New records and description of fifty-four new species of aquatic beetles in the genus Hydraena Kugelann from South America (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa, 3074 (1), 1 - 198. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3074.1.1","Trizzino, M., Jach, M. A., Audisio, P. A., Alonso, R. & Ribera, I. (2013) A molecular phylogeny of the cosmopolitan hyperdiverse genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera, Hydraenidae). Systematic Entomology, 38, 192 - 208. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.2012.00654. x"]}

Hydraena (Hydraenopsis) unita Perkins, 2011 Hydraena unita Perkins, 2011: 47. Hydraena (Hydraenopsis) unita Perkins: Trizzino et al. 2013: App. 1. DISTRIBUTION: Currently known from Brazil (Mato Grosso State) and northern Paraguay. HABITAT RECORDS: “River section” is the only available data (Perkins 2011)., Published as part of Benetti, Cesar J. & Hamada, Neusa, 2022, Annotated checklist of Hydraenidae (Coleoptera, Polyphaga) of Brazil, pp. 425-434 in Zootaxa 5165 (3) on page 430, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5165.3.7, http://zenodo.org/record/6838497, {"references":["Perkins, P. D. (2011) New records and description of fifty-four new species of aquatic beetles in the genus Hydraena Kugelann from South America (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa, 3074 (1), 1 - 198. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3074.1.1","Trizzino, M., Jach, M. A., Audisio, P. A., Alonso, R. & Ribera, I. (2013) A molecular phylogeny of the cosmopolitan hyperdiverse genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera, Hydraenidae). Systematic Entomology, 38, 192 - 208. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.2012.00654. x"]}

Hydraena (Hydraenopsis) nanoscintilla Perkins, 2011 Hydraena nanoscintilla Perkins, 2011: 30. Hydraena (Hydraenopsis) nanoscintilla Perkins: Trizzino et al. 2013: App. 1. DISTRIBUTION: Endemic to Brazil, currently known only from the type locality (Mato Grosso State, Cuiabá). HABITAT: Unknown., Published as part of Benetti, Cesar J. & Hamada, Neusa, 2022, Annotated checklist of Hydraenidae (Coleoptera, Polyphaga) of Brazil, pp. 425-434 in Zootaxa 5165 (3) on page 428, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5165.3.7, http://zenodo.org/record/6838497, {"references":["Perkins, P. D. (2011) New records and description of fifty-four new species of aquatic beetles in the genus Hydraena Kugelann from South America (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa, 3074 (1), 1 - 198. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3074.1.1","Trizzino, M., Jach, M. A., Audisio, P. A., Alonso, R. & Ribera, I. (2013) A molecular phylogeny of the cosmopolitan hyperdiverse genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera, Hydraenidae). Systematic Entomology, 38, 192 - 208. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.2012.00654. x"]}

Parhydraenida effeminata J. Balfour-Browne, 1975 Parhydraenida effeminata J. Balfour-Browne, 1975: 43; Perkins 1980: 54. DISTRIBUTION: Endemic to Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina states). HABITAT: Unknown. COMMENT: Balfour-Browne (1975) suggests that this species could be parthenogenetic, after studying 106 specimens from three localities, all of them females., Published as part of Benetti, Cesar J. & Hamada, Neusa, 2022, Annotated checklist of Hydraenidae (Coleoptera, Polyphaga) of Brazil, pp. 425-434 in Zootaxa 5165 (3) on page 430, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5165.3.7, http://zenodo.org/record/6838497, {"references":["Balfour-Browne, J. (1975) Parhydraenida gen. n., and notes on Hydraenida ocellata Germain (Coleoptera: Staphylinoidea, Hydraenidae). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 19, 39 - 45.","Perkins, P. D. (1980) Aquatic beetles of the family Hydraenidae in the Western Hemisphere: classification, biogeography and inferred phylogeny (Insecta: Coleoptera). Quaestiones entomologicae, 16, 3 - 554."]}

Parhydraenida paralonga Perkins, 1980 Parhydraenida paralonga Perkins, 1980: 56. DISTRIBUTION: Endemic to Brazil, currently known only from the type locality (São Paulo State, Campos do Jordão). HABITAT RECORDS: Specimens collected at 1,650 m altitude is the only available data (Perkins 1980)., Published as part of Benetti, Cesar J. & Hamada, Neusa, 2022, Annotated checklist of Hydraenidae (Coleoptera, Polyphaga) of Brazil, pp. 425-434 in Zootaxa 5165 (3) on page 431, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5165.3.7, http://zenodo.org/record/6838497, {"references":["Perkins, P. D. (1980) Aquatic beetles of the family Hydraenidae in the Western Hemisphere: classification, biogeography and inferred phylogeny (Insecta: Coleoptera). Quaestiones entomologicae, 16, 3 - 554."]}

Parhydraenida hygropetrica Perkins, 1980 Parhydraenida hygropetrica Perkins, 1980: 57; Jäch & Delgado 2018: 11. DISTRIBUTION: Endemic to Brazil (Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro states). HABITAT RECORDS: Hygropetric (Perkins 1980; Jäch & Delgado 2018)., Published as part of Benetti, Cesar J. & Hamada, Neusa, 2022, Annotated checklist of Hydraenidae (Coleoptera, Polyphaga) of Brazil, pp. 425-434 in Zootaxa 5165 (3) on page 430, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5165.3.7, http://zenodo.org/record/6838497, {"references":["Perkins, P. D. (1980) Aquatic beetles of the family Hydraenidae in the Western Hemisphere: classification, biogeography and inferred phylogeny (Insecta: Coleoptera). Quaestiones entomologicae, 16, 3 - 554.","Jach, M. A. & Delgado, J. A. (2018) Three new species of Parhydraenida Balfour-Browne, 1975 (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae) from southeastern Brazil. Aquatic Insects, 39, 27 - 41. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650424.2018.1445867"]}

Parhydraenida bubrunipes Perkins, 1980 Parhydraenida bubrunipes Perkins, 1980: 51. DISTRIBUTION: Endemic to Brazil, currently known only from the type locality (Santa Catarina State, Nova Teutônia). HABITAT: Unknown., Published as part of Benetti, Cesar J. & Hamada, Neusa, 2022, Annotated checklist of Hydraenidae (Coleoptera, Polyphaga) of Brazil, pp. 425-434 in Zootaxa 5165 (3) on page 430, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5165.3.7, http://zenodo.org/record/6838497, {"references":["Perkins, P. D. (1980) Aquatic beetles of the family Hydraenidae in the Western Hemisphere: classification, biogeography and inferred phylogeny (Insecta: Coleoptera). Quaestiones entomologicae, 16, 3 - 554."]}

Adelphydraena amazonica Perkins & Ribera, 2020 Adelphydraena amazonica Perkins & Ribera, 2020: 36; Benetti et al. 2021: 62. DISTRIBUTION: Endemic to Brazil, presently known only from the type locality (Amazonas State, Manaus, Ducke Reserve). HABITAT RECORDS: Streams (Perkins & Ribera 2020); temporary pools, ex. leaf litter and exposed roots (Benetti et al. 2021).

Parhydraenida lambda Perkins, 1980 Parhydraenida lambda Perkins, 1980: 54. DISTRIBUTION: Endemic to Brazil, currently known only from the type locality (Paraná State, Jaguariaíva). HABITAT RECORDS: Hygropetric (Perkins 1980)., Published as part of Benetti, Cesar J. & Hamada, Neusa, 2022, Annotated checklist of Hydraenidae (Coleoptera, Polyphaga) of Brazil, pp. 425-434 in Zootaxa 5165 (3) on page 431, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5165.3.7, http://zenodo.org/record/6838497, {"references":["Perkins, P. D. (1980) Aquatic beetles of the family Hydraenidae in the Western Hemisphere: classification, biogeography and inferred phylogeny (Insecta: Coleoptera). Quaestiones entomologicae, 16, 3 - 554."]}

Hydraena (Hydraenopsis) plaumanni Orchymont, 1937 Hydraena plaumanni Orchymont, 1937: 457; Perkins 1980: 129. Hydraena (Hydraenopsis) plaumanni Orchymont: Trizzino et al. 2013: App. 1. DISTRIBUTION: Endemic to Brazil, presently known only from the type locality (Santa Catarina State, Nova Teutônia). HABITAT: Unknown., Published as part of Benetti, Cesar J. & Hamada, Neusa, 2022, Annotated checklist of Hydraenidae (Coleoptera, Polyphaga) of Brazil, pp. 425-434 in Zootaxa 5165 (3) on page 429, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5165.3.7, http://zenodo.org/record/6838497, {"references":["Perkins, P. D. (1980) Aquatic beetles of the family Hydraenidae in the Western Hemisphere: classification, biogeography and inferred phylogeny (Insecta: Coleoptera). Quaestiones entomologicae, 16, 3 - 554.","Trizzino, M., Jach, M. A., Audisio, P. A., Alonso, R. & Ribera, I. (2013) A molecular phylogeny of the cosmopolitan hyperdiverse genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera, Hydraenidae). Systematic Entomology, 38, 192 - 208. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.2012.00654. x"]}

Hydraena (Hydraenopsis) scintillutea Perkins, 1980 Hydraena scintillutea Perkins, 1980: 119; Perkins 2011: 31. Hydraena (Hydraenopsis) scintillutea Perkins: Trizzino et al. 2013: App. 1. DISTRIBUTION: Endemic to Brazil, known from type locality and another nearby locality (Minas Gerais State, Jaboticatubas, Serra do Cipó). HABITAT RECORDS: Temporary stream (Perkins 1980)., Published as part of Benetti, Cesar J. & Hamada, Neusa, 2022, Annotated checklist of Hydraenidae (Coleoptera, Polyphaga) of Brazil, pp. 425-434 in Zootaxa 5165 (3) on page 430, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5165.3.7, http://zenodo.org/record/6838497, {"references":["Perkins, P. D. (1980) Aquatic beetles of the family Hydraenidae in the Western Hemisphere: classification, biogeography and inferred phylogeny (Insecta: Coleoptera). Quaestiones entomologicae, 16, 3 - 554.","Perkins, P. D. (2011) New records and description of fifty-four new species of aquatic beetles in the genus Hydraena Kugelann from South America (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa, 3074 (1), 1 - 198. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3074.1.1","Trizzino, M., Jach, M. A., Audisio, P. A., Alonso, R. & Ribera, I. (2013) A molecular phylogeny of the cosmopolitan hyperdiverse genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera, Hydraenidae). Systematic Entomology, 38, 192 - 208. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.2012.00654. x"]}

Ochthebius (Ochthebius) attritus LeConte, 1878 Ochthebius attritus LeConte, 1878: 380; Horn 1890: 23; Leng & Mutchler 1917: 100; d’Orchymont 1943: 47; Young 1954: 206; Perkins 1980: 346; Spangler 1981: 164; Peck 2005: 55; Pérez-Gelabert 2008: 85; Turnbow & Thomas 2008: 40; Epler 2010: 10.7; Deler-Hernández & Delgado 2012: 222. Ochthebius simplex LeConte, 1878: 380; Horn 1890: 23; Young 1954: 206 [synonymy by Horn 1980: 23]. Ochthebius schubarti d’Orchymont, 1943: 47; Perkins 1980: 346 [synonymy by Perkins 1980: 346]. Ochthebius (Ochthebius) attritus LeConte: Valladares & Short 2011: 67. DISTRIBUTION: Widely distributed: Brazil (Pernambuco State), Colombia, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Venezuela, U.S.A. (Florida, Texas) (Perkins 1980; Hansen 1998; Valladares & Short 2011). HABITAT RECORDS: Halophilic species. Brackish and saltwater, beneath debris on seashore (Perkins 1980). Small pool in a large expanse of sand dunes (Valladares & Short 2011)., Published as part of Benetti, Cesar J. & Hamada, Neusa, 2022, Annotated checklist of Hydraenidae (Coleoptera, Polyphaga) of Brazil, pp. 425-434 in Zootaxa 5165 (3) on pages 431-432, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5165.3.7, http://zenodo.org/record/6838497, {"references":["LeConte, J. L. (1878) Additional descriptions of new species. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 17, 373 - 434.","Horn, G. H. (1890) Notes on the species of Ochthebius of Boreal America. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 17, 17 - 26.","Leng, C. W. & Mutchler, A. J. (1917) Supplement to preliminary list of the Coleoptera of the West Indies. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 37, 191 - 220.","d'Orchymont, A. (1943) Faune du Nord-Est Bresilien (recoltes du Dr. O. Schubart). Palpicornia. Memoires du Musee royal d'Histoire naturelle de Belgique, Deuxieme Serie, 28, 1 - 85.","Young, F. N. (1954) The water beetles of Florida. University of Florida Studies, Biological Science Series, 5, 1 - 238.","Perkins, P. D. (1980) Aquatic beetles of the family Hydraenidae in the Western Hemisphere: classification, biogeography and inferred phylogeny (Insecta: Coleoptera). Quaestiones entomologicae, 16, 3 - 554.","Spangler, P. J. (1981) Supplement to the aquatic and semiaquatic Coleoptera of Cuba collected by the Bioespeleological Expeditions to Cuba by the Academies of Science of Cuba and Romania. Resultats des Expeditions Biospeologiques Cubano-Roumaines a Cuba, 3, 145 - 171.","Peck, S. B. (2005) A checklist of the beetles of Cuba with data on distribution and bionomics (Insecta: Coleoptera). Arthropods of Florida and Neighbouring Land Areas, 18, 1 - 241.","Perez-Gelabert, D. E. (2008) Arthropods of Hispaniola (Dominican Republic and Haiti): A checklist and bibliography. Zootaxa, 1831 (1), 1 - 530. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1831.1.1","Turnbow Jr., R. H. & Thomas, M. C. (2008) An annotated checklist of the Coleoptera (Insecta) of the Bahamas. Insecta Mundi, 34, 1 - 64.","Epler, J. H. (2010) The water beetles of Florida - an identification manual for the families Chrysomelidae, Curculionidae, Dryopidae, Elmidae, Gyrinidae, Haliplidae, Helophoridae, Hydraenidae, Hydrochidae, Hydrophilidae, Noteridae, Psephenidae, Ptilodactylidae and Scirtidae. Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Tallahassee, Florida, 399 pp.","Deler-Hernandez, A. & Delgado, J. A. (2012) The Hydraenidae of Cuba (Insecta: Coleoptera) I: Contribution to the fauna of eastern Cuba. Zootaxa, 3478 (1), 213 - 238. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3478.1.23","Valladares, L. F. & Short, A. E. Z. (2011) Revision of the Ochthebiinae of Venezuela (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa, 3021 (1), 63 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3021.1.4","Hansen, M. (1998) Hydraenidae (Coleoptera). In: World Catalogue of Insects 1. Apollo Books Aps, Stenstrup, pp. 1 - 169."]}

Parhydraenida quadraticeps J. Balfour-Browne, 1975 Parhydraenida quadraticeps J. Balfour-Browne, 1975: 42; Perkins 1980: 49. DISTRIBUTION: Endemic to Brazil, currently known only from the type locality (Paraná State, Morretes). HABITAT RECORDS: Waterfall (Perkins 1980)., Published as part of Benetti, Cesar J. & Hamada, Neusa, 2022, Annotated checklist of Hydraenidae (Coleoptera, Polyphaga) of Brazil, pp. 425-434 in Zootaxa 5165 (3) on page 431, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5165.3.7, http://zenodo.org/record/6838497, {"references":["Balfour-Browne, J. (1975) Parhydraenida gen. n., and notes on Hydraenida ocellata Germain (Coleoptera: Staphylinoidea, Hydraenidae). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 19, 39 - 45.","Perkins, P. D. (1980) Aquatic beetles of the family Hydraenidae in the Western Hemisphere: classification, biogeography and inferred phylogeny (Insecta: Coleoptera). Quaestiones entomologicae, 16, 3 - 554."]}

Ilyobius hauseri (Contrera-Ramos, Fiorentin & Urakami, 2005) (Figs 4C–E; 11–12) Protosialis hauseri Contreras-Ramos et al. 2005: 268 (original description); Contreras-Ramos 2008: 808 (taxonomy). Ilyobius hauseri; Liu et al. 2015a: 31 (phylogeny of Sialidae; comb. nov.); Liu et al. 2015b: 55 (key of species); Oswald 2018 (online catalog); Ardila-Camacho et al. 2021: 48 (taxonomy); Rafael et al. 2022 (online catalog). Material examined. Holotype: male genitalia, Brazil; Rio Grande do Sul, Floresta Nacional de São Francisco de Paula, (29°02’S; 50°23’W, 930 m) 17.VIII.2003 (larva collected) - 20.IX.2003 (adult emerged in laboratory), Y. Urakami & G.L. Fiorentin cols. (MCNZ). Paratype: female genitalia, same data as holotype. Additional specimens: same as holotype, except the following data: seven males, three fixed in 80% alcohol, four pinned; three females, two fixed in 80% alcohol, one pinned, 30.VIII.2015 (larva collected)— 02.IX.2015 (adult emerged in laboratory), N. Hamada, C. Benetti, G. Dantas, A.M.O. Pes cols. (INPA). Male genitalia redescription (Figs 6C–E; 11A–D). Tergite 9 sclerotized, sparsely setose; in lateral view, subtriangular with rounded margin (Fig. 11A, B); in dorsal view, sub-rectangular; basal margin concave, distal margin convex. Sternite 9 trifurcate; sparsely setose; central projection slightly longer than lateral ones (Fig. 11B); in lateral view, central projection with similar width along entire length (Fig. 11B). Endophalic sac membranous, eversible, with several fringed thorny setae (Fig. 6C–E). Gonocoxite 9 robust, setose; in lateral view, subtriangular, with rounded apex, dorsal margin slightly convex (Fig. 11A, B). Anal tubercle membranous. Ectoprocts paired, in lateral view, rounded; dorsal margin convex; ventral margin straight, directed downwards with proximal margin fused to gonocoxite 11 (Fig. 11B); in caudal view, subcylindrical (Fig. 11D). Gonocoxite 11, in lateral view, L-shaped, distal region rounded at apex and projected downwards representing gonostylus 11 (Fig. 11B); gonocoxite 11 divided into two sclerites in caudal view, medially directed and connected by a membranous region (Fig. 11D); each sclerite with internal margin straight. Gonostylus 11, in lateral view, distally rounded and projected downwards. Female genitalia redescription (Fig. 12A–E). Sternite 7 with posteriorly projected, thumb-shaped, posteromedian projection in lateral view (Fig. 12A, B); in ventral view, subpentagonal, with a tubercular projection medially (Fig. 12C, D). Tergite 9 with ventral region broadly valvate in lateral view; joined to upper region by a junction line (Fig. 12A, B). Gonocoxite 8 reduced to small, unpaired, setose sclerite (Fig. 12E), located beneath sternite 7 (Fig. 12C, D). The gonapophyses 8 is present as a single, strongly sclerotized plate; in lateral view, subquadrate, dorsal margin convex proximally, concave distally (Fig. 12A, B); in ventral view, subrectangular in shape, with anterior margin concave medially, posterior margin convex medially, lateral regions enlarged, with a sclerotized fold at the tip of each side (Fig. 12C, D). Gonocoxite 9 subrectangular in lateral view, setose, posteriorly with small gonostylus 9 at apex (Fig. 12A, B). Ectoproct short and ovoid in lateral view, setose (Fig. 12A, B). Remarks. No adults were collected in Malaise and Pennsylvania light traps installed at the stream’s banks where the new species larvae were collected. Ilyobius erebus sp. nov. is closely related to I. hauseri based on the morphology of the male and female genitalia, and to I. nubilus based on the morphology of the female genitalia. Male genitalia of I. hauseri and I. erebus sp. nov. share the subtriangular tergite 9 with rounded margins, the endophalic sac with several fringed thorny setae, and the trifurcated sternite 9, in which the median protrusion is elongate. In addition, the male gonocoxite 9 is subtriangular with rounded margins, and the ectoprocts have basal margin fused to gonocoxite 11 in both species. The L-shaped gonocoxite 11 constitutes a common characteristic of these two species. The female genitalia of I. erebus sp. nov., I. hauseri and I. nubilus have gonocoxite 8 reduced, representing a tiny, setose sclerite, located beneath sternite 7 (Figs 7E, 11E), while the two gonapophyse 8s form a single sclerotized plate (Contreras-Ramos et al. 2005, Contreras-Ramos 2008, Liu et al. 2015a). However, the new species can be easily differentiated from I. hauseri and I. nubilus based on the following characters: in Ilyobius erebus sp. nov. the head is almost completely blackish, while in I. hauseri it is orange, with median, longitudinal, black band. The head in I. nubilus is black, slightly paler around the epicranial suture (Contreras-Ramos 2008). Although these three species share the dark pronotum, I. hauseri has orangish-brown areas, which are absent in I. erebus sp. nov. and I. nubilus. In I. erebus sp. nov., the sternite 9 has the median projection wider medially (Fig. 4A, B), while it has the same width along its entire length in I. hauseri (Fig. 11B). Gonostylus 11 projects upwards distally in I. erebus sp. nov. (Fig. 4A, B), whereas in I. hauseri it is distally projecting downwards (Fig. 11B). The ectoprocts are subrectangular in dorsal view in I. hauseri, and the ventral margin is directed downwards in lateral view. By contrast, the ectoprocts are subtriangular, and the ventral margin is posteriorly directed in ventral view in I. erebus sp. nov. The female genitalia of I. hauseri, have gonapophysis 8 dorsally curved, with posterior margin strongly convex (Contreras-Ramos et al. 2005), however, this structure is ventrally depressed and widened on the posterior half, with a broadly arched posterior incision in I. nubilus (Contreras-Ramos 2008). In I. erebus sp. nov., the two gonapophysis 8 appear as a single and straight sclerotized plate with anterior and posterior margins slightly convex, and the anterolateral corners are falcate (Fig. 7C, D). The larvae of Ilyobius erebus sp. nov. can be easily differentiated from I. chilensis (McLachlan, 1870) by the distinct general coloration of head and pronotum: the larva of I. chilensis has a distinct pattern of dark brown marks on the head, which are absent in the new species (Fig. 8C) (Archangelsky et al. 2017). Liu et al. (2015a) divided Ilyobius into two species groups (the I. chilensis group, and the I. mexicanus group). The first group is composed of I. chilensis, I. hauseri and I. nubilus, while the remaining species of Ilyobius, i.e., I. bimaculatus (Banks, 1920), I. curvatus (Liu, Hayashi & Yang, 2015), I. flammatus, I. flavicollis, I. mexicanus (Banks, 1901), I. nigrocephalus Ardila-Camacho, Martins & Contreras-Ramos, 2021, and I. ranchograndis (Contreras-Ramos, 2006) belong to the second group (Liu et al. 2015a; Ardila-Camacho et al. 2021). Ilyobius erebus sp. nov. is placed in the I. chilensis group based on the morphology of the male sternite 9, which has an elongate median protrusion, the transversely band-like male gonocoxite 11 with short median processes, and the reduced female gonocoxite 8 (Liu et al. 2015a). Conservation. Land-use change is one of the main threats driving the decline in freshwater environments (Sala et al. 2000). The natural vegetation in the region of the type locality of I. erebus sp. nov. has been replaced by Eucalyptus plantations; this fact directly and indirectly affects the aquatic biota through soil disturbance, which changes the limnological conditions (Pozo et al. 1997). Eucalyptus leaves contain tannins and phenols that can change the chemical composition of water, reduce dissolved nutrients, and consequently prevent the colonization of organic matter by the decomposing microbiota (Pozo et al. 1997). The integrity and heterogeneity of the environment is a fundamental factor for colonization and permanence of aquatic insects (Santos et al. 2020). Frequent and intense environmental impacts on these ecosystems can eliminate communities, especially in the case of species that have biological traits that disfavor more-active dispersive processes (Poff et al. 2006). Ilyobius is a rare taxon with few occurrence points and weak dispersion (Penny 1981, Contreras-Ramos 2008); therefore, the new species may be subject to habitat loss in the Morro do Ferro region., Published as part of Mendes, Gabriela Caroline, Nascimento, Jeane Marcelle Cavalcante Do, Fusari, Lívia Maria, Santos, Mireile Reis Dos & Hamada, Neusa, 2022, A new species of Ilyobius Enderlein, 1910 (Megaloptera: Sialidae) from a threatened region in the Mantiqueira Mountain range (Brazil), pp. 346-364 in Zootaxa 5165 (3) on pages 359-362, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5165.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/6838312, {"references":["Contreras-Ramos, A., Fiorentin, G. L. & Urakami, Y. (2005) A new species of alderfly (Megaloptera: Sialidae) from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Amazoniana, 18, 267 - 272.","Contreras-Ramos, A. (2008). Notes on some Neotropical alderflies (Sialidae: Megaloptera). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 101, 808 - 814. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 101.5.808","Liu, X., Hayashi, F. & Yang, D. (2015 a) Phylogeny of the family Sialidae (Insecta: Megaloptera) inferred from morphological data, with implications for generic classification and historical biogeography. Cladistics, 31, 18 - 49. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / cla. 12071","Liu, X., Hayashi, F. & Yang, D. (2015 b) Taxonomic notes of the Neotropical alderfly genus Ilyobius Enderlein, 1910 (Megaloptera, Sialidae), with description of a new species. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 62, 55. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / dez. 62.4481","Oswald, J. D. (2018) Neuropterida Species of the World. Version 5.0. Available from: http: // lacewing. tamu. edu / SpeciesCatalog / Main (accessed 15 January 2022)","Ardila-Camacho, A., Rivera-Gasperin, S. L., Martins, C. C. & Contreras-Ramos, A. (2021) A reappraisal of the taxonomy of Neotropical Sialidae (Insecta: Megaloptera): with the description of a new genus from Cuba. European Journal of Taxonomy, 782, 21 - 54. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2021.782.1587","Rafael, J. A., Camara, J. T. & Heleodoro, R. A. (2022) Sialidae in Catalogo Taxonomico da Fauna do Brasil. PNUD. Available from: http: // fauna. jbrj. gov. br / fauna / faunadobrasil / 65481 (accessed 24 February 2022)","Archangelsky, M., Pessacq, P. & Berrondo, M. (2017) Description of the larva of Ilyobius chilensis (McLachlan) (Megaloptera: Sialidae) and notes on the adult morphology. Zootaxa, 4318 (1), 177 - 186. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4318.1.10","Sala, O. E., Chapin, F. S., Armesto, J. J., Berlow, E., Bloomfield, J., Dirzo, R., Huber-Sanwald, E., Huenneke, L. F., Jackson, R. B., Kinzig, A., Leemans, R., Lodge, D. M., Mooney, H. A., Oetserheld, M., Poff, N. L., Sykes, M. T., Walker, B. H., Walker, M & Wall, D. H. (2000) Global biodiversity scenarios for the year 2100. Science, 287, 1770 - 1774. https: // doi. org / 10.1126 / science. 287.5459.1770","Pozo, J., Gonzalez, E., Diez, J. R., Molinero, J. & Elosegui, A. (1997) Inputs of particulate organic matter to streams with different riparian vegetation. Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 16, 602 - 611. https: // doi. org / 102307 / 1468147","Santos, M. R. D., Saito, V. S., Pamplin, P. A. Z., Pereira, A. A. & Fonseca-Gessner, A. A. (2020) Pollution tolerance, flight capacity and natural history explain metacommunity structure in high-altitude stream insects. Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia, 32. [published online] https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / s 2179 - 975 x 1019","Poff, N. L., Olden, J. D., Vieira, N. K., Finn, D. S., Simmons, M. P. & Kondratieff, B. C. (2006) Functional trait niches of North American lotic insects: traits-based ecological applications in light of phylogenetic relationships. Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 25, 730 - 755. https: // doi. org / 10.1899 / 0887 - 3593 (2006) 025 [0730: FTNONA] 2.0. CO; 2","Penny, N. D. (1981) Neuroptera of the Amazon Basin. Part 4. Sialidae. Acta Amazonica, 11, 843 - 846. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 1809 - 43921981114843"]}

Ochthebius (Gymnochthebius) fossatus LeConte, 1855 Ochthebius fossatus Leconte, 1855: 362; LeConte 1878: 380; Horn 1890: 22; Fall 1919: 213; Leech and Chandler 1956: 333; Spangler 1981: 163. Ochthebius tuberculatus LeConte, 1878: 380; Horn 1890: 22; Fall 1919: 213 [synonymy with Ochthebius foveicollis LeConte by Horn 1890: 20]. Ochthebius foveicollis LeConte, 1878: 381; Horn 1890: 20; Fall 1919: 213; Leng & Mutchler 1917: 100 [synonymy by Fall 1919: 213]. Ochthebius parvulus Sharp, 1882:91; d’Orchymont 1943: 43, Perkins 1980: 277 [synonymy by Perkins 1980: 277]. Ochthebius nitiduloides d’Orchymont, 1943: 43; Perkins 1980: 277 [synonymy by Perkins 1980: 277]. Gymnochthebius falli Perkins, 1980: 281 [Synonymy by Jäch 1994: 307]. Gymnochthebius fossatus (LeConte): Perkins 1980: 277; Jäch 1994: 307; Delgado et al. 1995: 15; Peck 2005: 55; Pérez-Gelabert 2008: 85; Deler-Hernández & Cala-Riquelme 2010: 73; Epler, 2010: 10.4; Valladares & Short 2011: 64. Ochthebius (Gymnochthebius) fossatus LeConte: Villastrigo et al. 2019: 11; Benetti et al. 2021: 66. DISTRIBUTION: Very widely distributed, from the southern United States through Central America and the Antilles to South America. Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil (Bahia, Ceará, Minas Gerais, Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Norte, Roraima and Tocantins states), Colombia, Cuba, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Puerto Rico, Venezuela, U.S.A. (Arizona, Florida, Idaho, Kansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas) (Perkins 1980; Hansen 1998; Delgado et al. 1995; Valladares & Short 2011). HABITAT RECORDS: Wide variety of habitats. Shallow water, adhering to stones, quiet water area at the edge of a stream and a lake (Perkins 1980); temporary pools, with muddy substrate, pools in sand dunes, and margins of small streams (Valladares & Short 2011); lakes, ponds and rock pools (Benetti et al. 2021)., Published as part of Benetti, Cesar J. & Hamada, Neusa, 2022, Annotated checklist of Hydraenidae (Coleoptera, Polyphaga) of Brazil, pp. 425-434 in Zootaxa 5165 (3) on page 432, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5165.3.7, http://zenodo.org/record/6838497, {"references":["LeConte, J. L. (1855) Synopsis of the Hydrophilidae of the United States. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 7, 356 - 375.","LeConte, J. L. (1878) Additional descriptions of new species. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 17, 373 - 434.","Horn, G. H. (1890) Notes on the species of Ochthebius of Boreal America. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 17, 17 - 26.","Fall, H. C. (1919) New Coleoptera. VIII. The Canadian Entomologist, 51, 212 - 216. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 51212 - 8","Leech, H. B. & Chandler, H. P. (1956) Family Hydraenidae. In: Usinger, R. L. (Ed.), Aquatic insects of California, with keys to North American genera and California species. University of California Press, Berkeley, California, pp. 330 - 334.","Spangler, P. J. (1981) Supplement to the aquatic and semiaquatic Coleoptera of Cuba collected by the Bioespeleological Expeditions to Cuba by the Academies of Science of Cuba and Romania. Resultats des Expeditions Biospeologiques Cubano-Roumaines a Cuba, 3, 145 - 171.","Leng, C. W. & Mutchler, A. J. (1917) Supplement to preliminary list of the Coleoptera of the West Indies. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 37, 191 - 220.","Sharp, D. (1882) On aquatic carnivorous Coleoptera or Dytiscidae. Scientific Transactions of the Royal Dublin Society, 2, 179 - 1003. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 9530","d'Orchymont, A. (1943) Faune du Nord-Est Bresilien (recoltes du Dr. O. Schubart). Palpicornia. Memoires du Musee royal d'Histoire naturelle de Belgique, Deuxieme Serie, 28, 1 - 85.","Perkins, P. D. (1980) Aquatic beetles of the family Hydraenidae in the Western Hemisphere: classification, biogeography and inferred phylogeny (Insecta: Coleoptera). Quaestiones entomologicae, 16, 3 - 554.","Jach, M. A. (1994) Descriptions of new species of Hydraenidae (Coleoptera) from Texas, Indiana, and Oklahoma, with faunistic and taxonomic notes on the family in Texas. The Coleopterists Bulletin, 48 (4), 301 - 308.","Delgado, J. A., Collantes, F. & Soler, A. G. (1995) Gymnochthebius fossatus (Leconte, 1885) cita interesante para Nicaragua (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Revista Nicaraguense de Entomologia, 33, 13 - 16.","Peck, S. B. (2005) A checklist of the beetles of Cuba with data on distribution and bionomics (Insecta: Coleoptera). Arthropods of Florida and Neighbouring Land Areas, 18, 1 - 241.","Perez-Gelabert, D. E. (2008) Arthropods of Hispaniola (Dominican Republic and Haiti): A checklist and bibliography. Zootaxa, 1831 (1), 1 - 530. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1831.1.1","Deler-Hernandez, A. & Cala-Riquelme, F. (2010) Escarabajos acuaticos (Coleoptera: Adephaga, Polyphaga) de la Reserva Floristica Manejada \" Monte Barranca \", Santiago de Cuba, Cuba. Novitates Caribaea, 3, 69 - 76. https: // doi. org / 10.33800 / nc. v 0 i 3.173","Epler, J. H. (2010) The water beetles of Florida - an identification manual for the families Chrysomelidae, Curculionidae, Dryopidae, Elmidae, Gyrinidae, Haliplidae, Helophoridae, Hydraenidae, Hydrochidae, Hydrophilidae, Noteridae, Psephenidae, Ptilodactylidae and Scirtidae. Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Tallahassee, Florida, 399 pp.","Valladares, L. F. & Short, A. E. Z. (2011) Revision of the Ochthebiinae of Venezuela (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa, 3021 (1), 63 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3021.1.4","Villastrigo, A., Jach, M. A., Cardoso, A., Valladares, L. F. & Ribera, I. (2019) A molecular phylogeny of the tribe Ochthebiini (Coleoptera, Hydraenidae, Ochthebiinae). Systematic Entomology, 44, 273 - 288. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12318","Benetti, C. J., Valladares, L. F., Delgado, J. A. & Hamada, N. (2021) Morphological remarks on Adelphydraena amazonica Perkins & Ribera, 2020 and new records of two other Hydraenidae from Brazil (Coleoptera). Zootaxa, 4966 (1), 061 - 068. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4966.1.6","Hansen, M. (1998) Hydraenidae (Coleoptera). In: World Catalogue of Insects 1. Apollo Books Aps, Stenstrup, pp. 1 - 169."]}

Hydraena (Hydraenopsis) bahiana Benetti, Valladares, Delgado & Hamada, 2022 Hydraena (Hydraenopsis) bahiana Benetti, Delgado, Valladares & Hamada, 2022: 539 DISTRIBUTION: Endemic to Brazil (BA), presently known only from the type locality (Bahia State, Abaíra, Serra do Barbado). HABITAT RECORDS: Pools at the headwater of a stream (Benetti et al. 2022)., Published as part of Benetti, Cesar J. & Hamada, Neusa, 2022, Annotated checklist of Hydraenidae (Coleoptera, Polyphaga) of Brazil, pp. 425-434 in Zootaxa 5165 (3) on pages 427-428, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5165.3.7, http://zenodo.org/record/6838497, {"references":["Benetti, C. J., Valladares, L. F., Delgado, J. A. & Hamada, N. (2022) Hydraena bahiana sp. n., a new minute moss beetle (Coleoptera, Hydraenidae) from highlands of Northeast Brazil. Zootaxa, 5128 (4), 538 - 546. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5128.4.4"]}

Hydraena (Hydraenopsis) orcula Perkins, 1980 Hydraena orcula Perkins, 1980: 140; Perkins 2011: 46, 132. Hydraena (Hydraenopsis) orcula Perkins: Trizzino et al. 2013: App. 1. DISTRIBUTION: Endemic to Brazil, presently known only from the type locality (Goiás State, Mosquito, near Retiro). HABITAT: Unknown., Published as part of Benetti, Cesar J. & Hamada, Neusa, 2022, Annotated checklist of Hydraenidae (Coleoptera, Polyphaga) of Brazil, pp. 425-434 in Zootaxa 5165 (3) on page 428, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5165.3.7, http://zenodo.org/record/6838497, {"references":["Perkins, P. D. (1980) Aquatic beetles of the family Hydraenidae in the Western Hemisphere: classification, biogeography and inferred phylogeny (Insecta: Coleoptera). Quaestiones entomologicae, 16, 3 - 554.","Perkins, P. D. (2011) New records and description of fifty-four new species of aquatic beetles in the genus Hydraena Kugelann from South America (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa, 3074 (1), 1 - 198. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3074.1.1","Trizzino, M., Jach, M. A., Audisio, P. A., Alonso, R. & Ribera, I. (2013) A molecular phylogeny of the cosmopolitan hyperdiverse genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera, Hydraenidae). Systematic Entomology, 38, 192 - 208. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.2012.00654. x"]}

Hydraena (Dnahydnaedna) punctilata Perkins, 2011 Hydraena punctilata Perkins, 2011: 17; Trizzino et al. 2013: App. 1. Hydraena (Dnahydnaedna) punctilata Perkins: Perkins 2017: 17. DISTRIBUTION: Endemic to Brazil, currently known only from the type locality (Amazonas State, Estirão do Equador). HABITAT: Unknown., Published as part of Benetti, Cesar J. & Hamada, Neusa, 2022, Annotated checklist of Hydraenidae (Coleoptera, Polyphaga) of Brazil, pp. 425-434 in Zootaxa 5165 (3) on page 427, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5165.3.7, http://zenodo.org/record/6838497, {"references":["Perkins, P. D. (2011) New records and description of fifty-four new species of aquatic beetles in the genus Hydraena Kugelann from South America (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa, 3074 (1), 1 - 198. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3074.1.1","Trizzino, M., Jach, M. A., Audisio, P. A., Alonso, R. & Ribera, I. (2013) A molecular phylogeny of the cosmopolitan hyperdiverse genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera, Hydraenidae). Systematic Entomology, 38, 192 - 208. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.2012.00654. x","Perkins, P. D. (2017) Hydraenidae of Madagascar (Insecta: Coleoptera). Zootaxa, 4342 (1), 1 - 264. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4342.1.1"]}

Hydraena (Dnahydnaedna) xingu Perkins, 2011 Hydraena xingu Perkins, 2011: 16; Trizzino et al. 2013: App. 1. Hydraena (Dnahydnaedna) xingu Perkins: Perkins 2017: 17. DISTRIBUTION: Endemic to Brazil, known from the type locality and other nearby localities (Pará State, Altamira, Xingu River). HABITAT RECORDS: Streams and ponds (Perkins 2011)., Published as part of Benetti, Cesar J. & Hamada, Neusa, 2022, Annotated checklist of Hydraenidae (Coleoptera, Polyphaga) of Brazil, pp. 425-434 in Zootaxa 5165 (3) on page 427, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5165.3.7, http://zenodo.org/record/6838497, {"references":["Perkins, P. D. (2011) New records and description of fifty-four new species of aquatic beetles in the genus Hydraena Kugelann from South America (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa, 3074 (1), 1 - 198. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3074.1.1","Trizzino, M., Jach, M. A., Audisio, P. A., Alonso, R. & Ribera, I. (2013) A molecular phylogeny of the cosmopolitan hyperdiverse genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera, Hydraenidae). Systematic Entomology, 38, 192 - 208. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.2012.00654. x","Perkins, P. D. (2017) Hydraenidae of Madagascar (Insecta: Coleoptera). Zootaxa, 4342 (1), 1 - 264. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4342.1.1"]}

Ochthebius (Gymnochthebius) compactus Perkins, 1980 Gymnochthebius compactus Perkins, 1980: 267. Ochthebius (Gymnochthebius) compactus (Perkins, 1980): Villastrigo et al. 2019: 11. DISTRIBUTION: Endemic to Brazil, currently known only from the type locality (Paraná State, Curitiba). HABITAT: Unknown., Published as part of Benetti, Cesar J. & Hamada, Neusa, 2022, Annotated checklist of Hydraenidae (Coleoptera, Polyphaga) of Brazil, pp. 425-434 in Zootaxa 5165 (3) on page 432, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5165.3.7, http://zenodo.org/record/6838497, {"references":["Perkins, P. D. (1980) Aquatic beetles of the family Hydraenidae in the Western Hemisphere: classification, biogeography and inferred phylogeny (Insecta: Coleoptera). Quaestiones entomologicae, 16, 3 - 554.","Villastrigo, A., Jach, M. A., Cardoso, A., Valladares, L. F. & Ribera, I. (2019) A molecular phylogeny of the tribe Ochthebiini (Coleoptera, Hydraenidae, Ochthebiinae). Systematic Entomology, 44, 273 - 288. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12318"]}

Hydraena (Hydraenopsis) sahlbergi Orchymont, 1923 Hydraena sahlbergi Orchymont, 1923: 40; Perkins 1980: 141. Hydraena (Hydraenopsis) sahlbergi Orchymont: Trizzino et al. 2013: App. 1. DISTRIBUTION: Endemic to Brazil, presently known only from the type locality (Minas Gerais State, Santa Rita). HABITAT: Unknown., Published as part of Benetti, Cesar J. & Hamada, Neusa, 2022, Annotated checklist of Hydraenidae (Coleoptera, Polyphaga) of Brazil, pp. 425-434 in Zootaxa 5165 (3) on page 430, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5165.3.7, http://zenodo.org/record/6838497, {"references":["Perkins, P. D. (1980) Aquatic beetles of the family Hydraenidae in the Western Hemisphere: classification, biogeography and inferred phylogeny (Insecta: Coleoptera). Quaestiones entomologicae, 16, 3 - 554.","Trizzino, M., Jach, M. A., Audisio, P. A., Alonso, R. & Ribera, I. (2013) A molecular phylogeny of the cosmopolitan hyperdiverse genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera, Hydraenidae). Systematic Entomology, 38, 192 - 208. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.2012.00654. x"]}

Hydraena (Hydraenopsis) terralta Perkins, 1980 Hydraena terralta Perkins, 1980: 122. Hydraena (Hydraenopsis) terralta Perkins: Trizzino et al. 2013: App. 1. DISTRIBUTION:Endemic to Brazil, presently known only from the type locality (Minas Gerais State, Jaboticatubas, Serra do Cipó). HABITAT RECORDS: “Highlands” is the only available data (Perkins 1980)., Published as part of Benetti, Cesar J. & Hamada, Neusa, 2022, Annotated checklist of Hydraenidae (Coleoptera, Polyphaga) of Brazil, pp. 425-434 in Zootaxa 5165 (3) on page 430, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5165.3.7, http://zenodo.org/record/6838497, {"references":["Perkins, P. D. (1980) Aquatic beetles of the family Hydraenidae in the Western Hemisphere: classification, biogeography and inferred phylogeny (Insecta: Coleoptera). Quaestiones entomologicae, 16, 3 - 554.","Trizzino, M., Jach, M. A., Audisio, P. A., Alonso, R. & Ribera, I. (2013) A molecular phylogeny of the cosmopolitan hyperdiverse genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera, Hydraenidae). Systematic Entomology, 38, 192 - 208. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.2012.00654. x"]}

Hydraena (Hydraenopsis) hintoni Perkins, 2011 Hydraena hintoni Perkins, 2011: 21. Hydraena (Hydraenopsis) hintoni Perkins: Trizzino et al. 2013: App. 1. DISTRIBUTION: Endemic to Brazil, currently known only from the type locality (Rondônia State, Porto Velho). HABITAT: Unknown., Published as part of Benetti, Cesar J. & Hamada, Neusa, 2022, Annotated checklist of Hydraenidae (Coleoptera, Polyphaga) of Brazil, pp. 425-434 in Zootaxa 5165 (3) on page 428, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5165.3.7, http://zenodo.org/record/6838497, {"references":["Perkins, P. D. (2011) New records and description of fifty-four new species of aquatic beetles in the genus Hydraena Kugelann from South America (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa, 3074 (1), 1 - 198. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3074.1.1","Trizzino, M., Jach, M. A., Audisio, P. A., Alonso, R. & Ribera, I. (2013) A molecular phylogeny of the cosmopolitan hyperdiverse genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera, Hydraenidae). Systematic Entomology, 38, 192 - 208. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 3113.2012.00654. x"]}

Limnophyes llanero sp. n. Type material. Holotype: male, COLOMBIA, Meta department, Puerto Lopéz, Cond. Campestre Sol del Llano, 04º08’11’’N, 72º52’53’’W, 211 meters a.s.l., 25.i.2021, Malaise trap, Ramos-Pastrana Y. leg. (LEUA – 43037). Etymology. Llanero is the name given to people and things from the Llanos, the ecoregion where the new species was collected. The name is to be treated as a noun in apposition. Diagnostic characters. Male. Antenna with 13 flagellomeres, AR 0.90; with scattered lanceolate setae present in the humeral and prescutellar area; epimeron II with six setae, posterior anepisternum II with one seta, preepisternum without setae; apex of gonostylus expanded, with well-developed crista dorsalis. Description. Male (n = 1). Total length 1.57 mm. Wing length 0.85 mm. Total length/wing length 1.84. Wing length/profemur length 2.26. Coloration (Figs. 1A–D). Blackish brown; wing membrane with pale brownish tinge; legs uniformly dark brown except trochanter and base of the femora pale. Antenna. AR 0.90. With 13 flagellomeres, ultimate flagellomere 268 µm long. Head (Fig. 1A). Temporal setae 5, including 2 inners vertical, 1 outer vertical and 2 postorbitals. Clypeus with 12 setae. Tentorium 106 µm long, 17 µm wide at sieve pore, 10 µm wide at posterior tentorial pit. Stipes 90 µm long, 5 µm wide. Palp segment lengths (in µm): 17, 21, 48, 65, 108. Third palpomere with at least one sensilla clavata in apical third, 8 µm long. Thorax (Fig. 1B). Antepronotal lobes slightly projecting dorsally. Antepronotals consisting of 3 lateral and 5 dorsal setae. Acrostichals small, in lateral view difficult to discern from the microtrichiae covering the thorax. Dorsocentrals consisting of 5–7 scattered lanceolate setae in the humeral area, 4 lanceolate prescutellars and 10 simple setae; prealars 7–8, extending anteriorly in single row; preepisternum without setae; posterior anepisternum II with 1 seta; epimeron II with 5 setae. Scutellum with 5 setae. Wing (Fig 1C). VR 1.39. Costal extension 80 µm long. C with 56 setae, R with 2 setae, brachiolum with 1 seta, other veins bare. Squama with 4 setae. Wing membrane with coarse punctation. Legs. Foreleg: femur 378 μm long; tibia 462 μm long, with single, apical spur 43 μm long; tarsomere lengths (ta 1 –ta 5 in μm): 268, 152, 115, 60, 50; LR 0.58, BV 2.94, SV 3.13. Mid leg: femur 360 μm long; tibia 355 μm long, with two apical spurs 20 μm long; tarsomere lengths (ta 1 –ta 5 in μm): 195, 86, 60, 35, 45; LR 0.55, BV 4.03, SV 3.67. Hind leg: femur 370 μm long, tibia 440 μm long, with an apical spur 39 μm long; comb with 11 bristles; tarsomere lengths (ta 1 –ta 5 in μm): 247, 108, 105, 44, 49; LR 0.56, BV 3.45, SV 3.28. Claws curved, pulvilli multi-branched. Hypopygium (Figs. 2A–C). Anal point well-developed, triangular, covered with microtrichia and with about 6 marginal setae (Fig. 2A); laterosternite IX with 3 setae. Phallapodeme 48 µm long, with median bi- or trifurcated projection; transverse sternapodeme arched, 65 µm long. Virga consisting of two spines, 26 µm long. Gonocoxite 100 µm long; inferior volsella of minimus -group type. Gonostylus 56 µm long, expanded at apex; crista dorsalis well-developed; megaseta forked, 10 µm long. HR 1.79; HV 2.80. Female imago and immatures. Unknown. Taxonomic remarks. The new species is described based only in one specimen due to the low density, represented by the number of specimens collected in the Malaise trap, however, with the morphological characteristics presented in the description section there is no doubt about its identity. In the key to males of Neotropical Limnophyes species (Pinho & Andersen 2015), the new species key to couplet 6: L. subnudicolis (Edwards, 1931) from Argentina and L. mariae Sublette & Sasa, 1994 from Guatemala. However, Limnophyes llanero sp. n. has six setae on epimeron II and the gonostylus has a well-developed, apical crista dorsalis, while L. subnudicolis lacks setae on epimeron II and has a low crista dorsalis placed medially. Antenna with 13 flagellomeres and a well-developed crista dorsalis differentiates the new species from L. mariae, which has an antenna with 12 flagellomeres and a very weak crista dorsalis. In the key to the Nearctic species provided by Saether (1975), L. llanero sp. n. key to at couplet 12, not matching any of the alternatives, mainly due to the absence of setae on preepisternum. The Nearctic species L. cristatissimus Saether, 1975 also has the gonostylus apically widened with a large crista dorsalis, but the presence of setae on the preepisternum, absence of lanceolate humerals and a rounded anal point separate the two species, L. llanero sp. n. lacks setae on preepisternum, has lanceolate humerals and a cone-shaped anal point. When reviewing the species of Limnophyes from the Holarctic and Afrotropical regions, Saether (1990a) provided generic diagnosis and descriptions, discussed the phylogeny, and proposed species groups for the genus. Notwithstanding the volsella and virga of L. llanero sp. n. having shapes that resemble those found in the minimus -group of Saether (1990a), the absence of preepisternals and the strongly enlarged, apical crista dorsalis, the new species differ from the diagnosis of the minimus -group, which is characterized by preepisternum with an anterior row of setae and a pointed crista dorsalis. Distribution and bionomics. The species is known only from the type locality in central Colombia, where the vegetation is a mosaic of savanna, mainland forests, and flooded forests (Fig. 3A). The holotype was collected in a Malaise trap placed across a one-meter wide stream with negligible current. About 10 meters downstream the stream was dammed forming a small pond. The stream is bordered by a relatively well-preserved gallery forest (Fig. 3B). The type locality of the new species, the Llanos Orientales, is considered one of the most threatened ecoregions in Colombia due to the high human population growth and the intensification of land use, such as expansion of road infrastructure, petroleum activities, mining, and monoculture (Romero-Ruiz et al. 2012). This situation reinforces the need to increase the knowledge on the biodiversity in this ecoregion to understand the anthropogenic impacts on the biota and to use this knowledge as tools to develop conservation strategies., Published as part of Dantas, Galileu P. S., Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany & Hamada, Neusa, 2022, A new species of Limnophyes Eaton, 1875 (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Llanos Orientales, Colombia, pp. 295-300 in Zootaxa 5141 (3) on pages 296-299, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5141.3.7, http://zenodo.org/record/6592830, {"references":["Pinho, L. C. & Andersen, T. (2015) Limnophyes guarani sp. n. a new hygropetric Orthocladiinae from southern Brazil (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa, 3948 (1), 137 - 144. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3948.1.9","Edwards, F. W. (1931) Chironomidae. In: Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile II (5). Trustees of the British Museum, Natural History, London, pp, 233 - 331.","Sublette, J. E. & Sasa, M. (1994) Chironomidae collected in Onchocerciasis endemic areas in Guatemala (Insecta, Diptera). Spixiana, 20 (Supplement), 1 - 60. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 187631293 X 00316","Saether, O. A. (1975) Twelve new species of Limnophyes Eaton, with keys to Nearctic males of the genus (Diptera: Chironomidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 107, 1029 - 1056. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 1071029 - 10","Saether, O. A. (1990 a) A review of the genus Limnophyes Eaton from the Holarctic and Afrotropical regions. Entomologica Scandinavica, 21, 305 - 319. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 187631290 X 00229","Romero-Ruiz, M. R., Flantua, S. G. A., Tansey, K. & Berrio, S. G. A. (2012) Landscape transformations in savannas of northern South America: Land use / cover changes since 1987 in the Llanos Orientales of Colombia. Applied Geography, 32 (2), 766 - 776. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. apgeog. 2011.08.010"]}

Subfamily: Orthocladiinae Kieffer, 1911 Genus: Limnophyes Eaton, 1875, Published as part of Dantas, Galileu P. S., Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany & Hamada, Neusa, 2022, A new species of Limnophyes Eaton, 1875 (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Llanos Orientales, Colombia, pp. 295-300 in Zootaxa 5141 (3) on page 296, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5141.3.7, http://zenodo.org/record/6592830

Tanytarsus colombiensis sp. nov. LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 160B07E4-B418-4690-8F64-A21DC8D90AD7 (Fig. 2A–G) Type material. Holotype, adult male: COLOMBIA, Meta Department, Puerto Lopez, 04º08’11’’N 72º52’53’’W, 206 m a.s.l., 01–03 January 2021, Malaise trap, G.P.S. Dantas, S.M. R. Hernández (CETdeA). Derivatio nominis. In reference to the country— terra typica of the species. Diagnosis. Frontal tubercles small. Anal tergite bands T-shaped. Anal point deeply forked and strongly curved downwards, apex of each branch notched and slightly curved outwards. Median volsella with setiform and branched lamellae. Description. Adult male (n = 1). Body size and proportions. Total length 2.08 mm. Wing length 1.15 mm. Total length/wing length ratio 1.81. Wing length/length of profemur ratio 1.97. Colouration. Eyes black. Antenna brown, head capsule and palp light brown. Scutal vittae and postnotum light brown. Ground colour of thorax, scutellum, and haltere yellowish. Foreleg: all segments light brown. Mid and hind legs: femora yellowish, tibiae and tarsomeres light brown. Wing membrane with pale brownish undertone. Abdomen light yellowish, hypopygium slightly darker. Head. Eyes bare, with well-developed dorsomedian extensions. Antenna with 13 flagellomeres; ultimate flagellomere 331 μm long; AR 0.85. Frontal tubercles small, 8 μm long. Tentorium 110 μm long. Temporal setae 7 on each side. Clypeus with 10 setae. Lengths of palpomeres 1–5 (in μm): 28, 32, 80, 90, 175; sensilla clavata not observed on third palpomere. Thorax. Ac 16, restricted to anterior region of scutum; Dc 7 on each side, uniserial; Pa 1 on each side; Scts 4. Scutum projected and rounded anteriorly, overreaching antepronotum. Wing. Typical of the genus. Almost all veins (except subcosta) and entire membrane posterior to radial veins area (except base of m cell) covered with macrotrichia. Brachiolum with 1 seta. VRCu 1.26. WW 0.27. Legs. Foreleg tibia with straight lanceolate spur 13 μm long. Tibial combs of mid and hind legs separated; spurs of mid leg unequal: one bent, 15 μm long, second straight and shorter, 11 μm long; spurs of hind leg unequal: one bent 24 μm long, second straight and shorter, 18 μm long. Basitarsus of mid leg with 4 sensilla chaetica. Lengths and proportions of legs as in Table 1. Hypopygium. Tergite IX covered with dense short microtrichia, except for small median field free of microtrichia at base, dorsal/median setae absent, 4 long setae on each side of anal point; lateral teeth not observed; anal tergite bands T-shaped, ending well anterior to anal point base (Fig. 2A, C). Anal point 70 μm long, deeply forked and strongly curved downwards, apex of each branch notched and slightly curved outwards (Fig. 2A–E). Superior volsella 32 μm long, with posteromedian corner pointed; 4 setae on dorsal surface and 2 ventral setae placed close to median margin; digitus 15 μm long, finger-like, with basal part slightly extending beyond posterior margin of superior volsella but with apex not reaching its median margin (Fig. 2A–C). Stem of median volsella 14 μm long, medially directed, with setiform and branched lamellae, as shown in Fig. 2F, G. Inferior volsella ~65 μm long, covered with microtrichia, evenly curved, posteriorly directed. Phallapodeme slightly sinuous, ~95 μm long; transverse sternapodeme ~40 μm long; oral projections slight. Gonocoxite 100 μm long. Gonostylus 75 μm long, straight, parallel-sided, with apex round. HR 1.33. HV 2.77. Distribution and ecological notes. The species is known only from the type locality in central Colombia, where the vegetation corresponds to mosaics of savannas, mainland forests and flooded forests (Fig. 1A–C). The holotype specimen was collected over a small stream about 1 meter wide and with negligible current, which is bordered by a relatively well-preserved gallery forest (Fig. 1B). It is worth noting that the point where the trap was placed, was located about 10 meters upstream of a dammed area, which formed a small pond (Fig. 1C). Discussion. A tendency to split, i.e. forming a bi- or trifid hypopygial anal point is a rare character within Tanytarsus. In some species the anal point is divided into lobes, with the split restricted to apical part, usually with median protrusion or extension between. The anal point can be also deeply forked, with a distinct bifurcation beginning near its base. We treat these two character states or structure types as clearly different. The first one is typical mainly of species originally included in Caladomyia [= Tanytarsus ortoni species group in the current definition (Lin et al. 2018)], while the second is known from males of only one species— Tanytarsus caipira described from Brazil (Trivinho-Strixino & Strixino 2007). Yet another shape of a split anal point is shown in Tanytarsus richardsi Glover, 1973 from Australia, in which the bifurcation is restricted to distal portion, and the anal point is Y-shaped or slingshot-shaped (Glover 1973). We define this structure as unique, and presume a need of inclusion of T. richardsi in a separate species group that is not, however, an aim of this study. To a group of species displaying the first aforementioned structure type, apart from the species known as members of the ortoni group, we preliminarily include also Tanytarsus bifurcus Freeman, 1958 described from West Africa (Burkina Faso) and Tanytarsus biwatrifurcus Sasa et Kawai, 1987 from Japan (Freeman 1958, Sasa & Kawai 1987). The two species were placed in Tanytarsus, and have not been previously considered the members of Caladomyia or the ortoni group, probably due to their great distance from region of the highest diversity (Neotropics). In fact, a set of hypopygium structures, including the anal point in the two species, fits the concept of the ortoni group. If so, the group has a much wider range than that known to date, covering the South and Central America, the tropical/subtropical ecozone of North America, Africa and East Asia. Such the distribution pattern, including the Palaearctic region, support a concept by Zakrzewska and Giłka (2013) based on the fossil record and indicating a broad distribution of the ortoni group in the past (Eocene Baltic amber, ~40 Mya). Tanytarsus colombiensis is here defined as a closest known relative of T. caipira. In males of the two species the anal point is deeply forked, the superior volsella is bare, without a field of microtrichia on its dorsal surface, pyriform, with a hook-like apex directed anteromedially, the digitus is short, with apex round, hidden under the superior volsella, and the stem of the median volsella is more or less as short as the digitus. Consequently, we here propose the caipira group for the two species. The character set best delimiting the males of both species includes the anal point branches notched apically and the T-shaped anal tergite bands in T. colombiensis (Fig. 2) vs. the branches pointed and the anal tergite bands of V-type broadly separated in T. caipira (Trivinho-Strixino & Strixino 2007; figs 1, 2).

Tanytarsus hastatus Sublette et Sasa, 1994 (Fig. 7A–D) Material examined. COLOMBIA, Cundinamarca department, Fusagasugá, 04°19’50”N 74°21’49”W, 1,800 m a.s.l., 07 March 2021, at light, 2 adult males, G.P.S. Dantas (CETdeA). Diagnostic characters. Adult male. AR 1.12. Frontal tubercles large. Tergite IX entirely covered with microtrichia, with double lateral teeth; anal tergite bands V-type, separated, ending well anterior to anal point base (Fig. 7A, B). Anal point robust, lanceolate, pointed, with pair of well-developed crests, area between crests with numerous small spinulae; superior volsella more or less circular at base, with concave median margin and well projecting posteromedian corner, field of microtrichia on dorsal surface absent; digitus long and pointed, fingerlike, extending well beyond margin of superior volsella (Fig. 7C). Median volsella with foliate lamellae (Fig. 7D). Inferior volsella slightly curved, with swollen round apex directed posteromedially. Distribution and ecological notes. The present record of Tanytarsus hastatus in Colombia is the first in the Andean region and its highest known location above sea level. As a result, the vertical distribution gradient known for T. hastatus ranges from 0 to an altitude of 1800 meters. The specimens were collected in an urban area, on the seventh floor of an aparthotel., Published as part of Dantas, Galileu P. S., Amat, Eduardo, Hamada, Neusa & Giłka, Wojciech, 2022, Towards the systematics and diversity of Neotropical Tanytarsus van der Wulp (Diptera: Chironomidae): news from Colombia, pp. 505-529 in Zootaxa 5129 (4) on pages 520-522, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5129.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/6504144, {"references":["Sublette, J. E. & Sasa, M. (1994) Chironomidae collected in onchocerciasis endemic areas of Guatemala (Insecta, Diptera). Spixiana, Supplement 20, 1 - 60. [https: // biostor. org / reference / 86107]"]}

Tanytarsus meta sp. nov. LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 770BE4EB-7B0F-4D80-9E7D-6BD6D04AF2AA (Fig. 6A–F) Type material. Holotype, adult male: COLOMBIA, Meta Department, Puerto Lopez, 04º08’11’’N 72º52’53’’W, 206 m a.s.l., 01–03 January 2021, Malaise trap, G.P.S. Dantas, S.M. R. Hernández, E.C.G. Amat (CETdeA). Derivatio nominis. The specific epithet derived from the Meta Department in central Colombia, where the specimen was collected. Noun in apposition. Diagnosis. Frontal tubercles well-developed, nearly 4 times as long as wide. Tergite IX covered with dense microtrichia on entire surface, with 7 median setae. Anal tergite bands V-shaped separated. Anal point broad at base, distinctly narrowed at mid length, with parallel-sided apical elongation, bearing slender crests and long trifid spinulae directed anteriorly. Superior volsella heart-shaped with median margin strongly concave and posteromedian corner well-developed. Digitus finger-like, pointed, not extending beyond median margin of superior volsella. Stem of median volsella bulbous, bearing several setiform and 3 foliate lamellae. Description. Adult male (n = 1). Body size and proportions. Total length 2.63 mm. Wing length 1.16 mm. Total length/wing length ratio 2.27. Wing length/length of profemur ratio 1.63. Colouration. Eyes black. Antenna, scutal vittae and postnotum light brown. Head capsule, ground colour of thorax, scutellum, sternum and haltere yellow to light brown. Legs yellowish to light brown. Wing veins yellow, membrane pale. Abdomen yellow. Head. Eyes bare, with well-developed dorsomedian extensions. Antenna with 13 flagellomeres; ultimate flagellomere 416 μm long; AR 0.90. Frontal tubercles well-developed, 18 μm long, 5 μm wide, 3.6 times as long as wide. Tentorium 115 μm long. Temporal setae 10 on each side. Clypeus with 17 setae. Lengths of palpomeres 1–5 (in μm): 30, 33, 90, 95, 150; third palpomere with 2 subapical sensilla clavata 16 μm long. Thorax. Ac 14, restricted to anterior region of scutum; Dc 7 on each side, uniserial; Pa 3 on each side; Scts 4. Scutum projected and rounded anteriorly, overreaching antepronotum. Wing. Typical of the genus. Almost all veins (except subcosta) and entire membrane posterior to radial veins area (except base of m and an cells) covered with macrotrichia. Brachiolum with 1 seta. VRCu 1.21. WW 0.29. Legs. Foreleg tibia with straight lanceolate spur 16 μm long. Tibial combs of mid and hind legs separated; spurs of mid leg unequal: one bent, 32 μm long, second straight, 20 μm long; spurs of hind leg similar, both long and slightly sinuous: one 55 μm long, second 48 μm long. Basitarsus of mid leg without sensilla chaetica. Lengths and proportions of legs as in Table 5. Hypopygium. Tergite IX covered with dense short microtrichia on entire surface, 7 median setae (placed between anal tergite bands and anal point crests) and 7 lateral setae on each side of anal point; lateral teeth present, minute; anal tergite bands V-type, widely separated, ending well anterior to anal point base (Fig. 6A, C). Anal point 45 μm long, broad at base, with distinctly narrowed parallel-sided apical elongation, rounded apically, bearing slender crests flanking 7 long trifid spinulae placed irregularly and anteriorly directed (Fig. 6A, C). Superior volsella heart-shaped with median margin strongly concave and posteromedian corner well-developed, 10 setae on dorsal surface, 1 seta on median margin and 1 ventral seta close to median margin, field of microtrichia on dorsal surface absent; digitus 12 μm long, finger-like, pointed, not extending beyond median margin of superior volsella (Fig. 6A, B, D). Stem of median volsella bulbous, 22 μm long, with several setiform and 3 foliate lamellae (Fig. 6B, E, F). Inferior volsella 67 μm long, covered with microtrichia, straight and posteriorly directed, with apex slightly swollen. Phallapodeme S-shaped, ~85 μm long; transverse sternapodeme ~50 μm long, without oral projections. Gonocoxite ~90 μm long. Gonostylus 100 μm long, narrow, nearly straight, tapering towards blunt apex. HR 0.88. HV 2.63. Distribution and ecological notes. The adult male specimen examined was collected together with those of Tanytarsus colombiensis, T.germani and T.lulu. For details on ecology and bionomics see notes under T colombiensis. Discussion. The Tanytarsus riopreto species group was proposed by Fittkau and Reiss (1973) for four species: T. branquini, T. cuieirensis, T. cururui and T. riopreto. Later on, several further species (T. clivosus, T. hamatus, T. hastatus, T. limneticus and T. pandus) were proposed to be included (Sublette & Sasa 1994), although when their diagnostic characters were comprehensively reanalyzed, their membership in the riopreto group was considered questionable (Sanseverino 2006). The group definition by Sublette and Sasa (1994) was refuted also on the basis of molecular analyses by Lin et al. (2018); consequently a more strict group definition and species composition were postulated. Following the concepts of Fittkau and Reiss (1973), Sanseverino (2006) and Lin et al. (2018), we accept the riopreto group with the original species composition, extended with T. meta described here. The adult male of T. meta fits well the group diagnosis, except for the structure of lamellae of the median volsella—with apices split into minute pectinations in the riopreto group vs. foliate lamellae, with simple apices in T. meta. However, if this subtle difference is not considered (the structure is often overlooked due to its size), the new species falls in the couplet 33 of the key to adult males of Neotropical Tanytarsus by Sanseverino (2006), leading to the riopreto group. The set of character best separating the male of T. meta and other species of the group are slight difference in the shape of the anal point, volsellae and a relatively short digitus in the new species [cf. the diagnosis given above and those of Fittkau & Reiss (1973) and Sanseverino (2006)]., Published as part of Dantas, Galileu P. S., Amat, Eduardo, Hamada, Neusa & Giłka, Wojciech, 2022, Towards the systematics and diversity of Neotropical Tanytarsus van der Wulp (Diptera: Chironomidae): news from Colombia, pp. 505-529 in Zootaxa 5129 (4) on pages 518-520, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5129.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/6504144, {"references":["Fittkau, E. J. & Reiss, F. (1973) Amazonische Tanytarsini (Chironomidae, Diptera) I. Die riopreto - Gruppe der Gattung Tanytarsus. Studies on Neotropical Fauna, 8, 1 - 16. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650527309360451","Sublette, J. E. & Sasa, M. (1994) Chironomidae collected in onchocerciasis endemic areas of Guatemala (Insecta, Diptera). Spixiana, Supplement 20, 1 - 60. [https: // biostor. org / reference / 86107]","Lin, X. - L., Stur, E. & Ekrem, T. (2018) Molecular phylogeny and temporal diversification of Tanytarsus van der Wulp (Diptera: Chironomidae) support generic synonymies, a new classification and centre of origin. Systematic Entomology, 43 (4), 659 - 677. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12292"]}

Tanytarsus lulu sp. nov. LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 0FFBC66B-AF75-4301-ACA1-96195E22440C (Fig. 5A–E) Type material. Holotype, adult male: COLOMBIA, Meta Department, Puerto Lopez, 04º08’11’’N 72º52’53’’W, 206 m a.s.l., 01–03 January 2021, Malaise trap, G.P.S. Dantas, S.M. R. Hernández (CETdeA). Paratypes: 1 male, same data as for holotype. Derivatio nominis. The name is a tribute to the couple, Luz Helena Rangel and Luiz M. Hernández, for their invaluable help during fieldwork in Puerto Lopez, and especially for all the support and warm welcome given during the first author’s stay in Colombia. The specific epithet is formed by the junction of the first syllable of Luz and Luiz (lulu) and should be considered a noun in apposition. Diagnosis. AR> 1. Frontal tubercles well-developed, over two times as long as wide. Mid leg with apical row of 4–7 sensilla chaetica. Tergite IX with lateral teeth. Orolateral spines of laterosternite IX in shape of small processes. Anal point with apex spoon-shaped, smooth, lacking serrations. Superior volsella oval, with posteromedian corner slightly projecting rounded, median margin slightly concave. Digitus pointed, extending slightly beyond median margin of superior volsella. Median volsella with 2–3 setiform and 3 pectinate lamellae. Inferior volsella with angular dorsal protrusion. Description. Adult male (n = 2). Body size and proportions. Total length 2.34–2.86 mm. Wing length 1.22–1.46 mm. Total length/wing length ratio 1.92–1.96. Wing length/length of profemur ratio 2.14–2.26. Colouration. Eyes black. Antenna brown. Head capsule and thorax yellow to light brown. Legs: proximal half of femora pale, distal half of femora plus tibiae and tarsi light brown. Wing veins yellowish brown, membrane pale. Abdomen yellowish. Head. Eyes bare, with moderately developed dorsomedian extensions. Antenna with 13 flagellomeres; ultimate flagellomere 425 μm long; AR 1.04. Frontal tubercles well-developed, 27–29 μm long, 12–15 μm wide, ca. 2.2 times as long as wide. Tentorium 140 μm long. Temporal setae 8–9 on each side. Clypeus with 17–18 setae. Lengths of palpomeres 1–5 (in μm): 26–27, 26–27, 67–80, 84–106, 153–169; third palpomere with 1 subapical sensillum clavatum 14 μm long. Thorax. Ac 12, restricted to anterior region of scutum; Dc 6–7 on each side, uniserial; Pa 1 on each side; Scts 4. Scutum projected and rounded anteriorly, overreaching antepronotum. Halteres with at least 4 setae. Wing. Somewhat oblong, with anal lobe reduced. Brachiolum with 1 seta, Sc bare, R with 16–18 setae, R 1 with 13–20 setae, R 4+5 with 11–18 setae, M bare, M 1+2 with 35–40 setae, M 3+4 with 30 setae, Cu with 4 setae, Cu 1 with 7–12 setae, postcubitus with 3–4 setae, An with 13–20 setae. Cell m bare (false vein bare), r 4+5 with 75–80 setae, m 1+2 with 70–80 setae (+48 setae on false vein), m 3+4 with 20–28 setae, cu and an bare. VRCu 1.20–1.23. Legs. Foreleg tibia with short lanceolate spur 15–20 μm long. Lengths of combs of mid tibia 8–9 μm (with 11–12 μm long spur) and 13–17 μm (with 15–21 μm long spur); lengths of combs of hind tibia 14–15 μm (with 17–18 μm spur) and 17–19 μm (with 22–25 μm long spur). Basitarsus of mid leg with apical row of 4–7 sensilla chaetica. Lengths and proportions of legs as in Table 4. Hypopygium. Tergite IX covered with microtrichia except for small bare area at base of anal point; lateral teeth present; orolateral spines of laterosternite IX in shape of small processes; anal tergite bands T-type, fused on median part of tergite, ending close to anal point base (Fig. 5A, B). Anal point 35–40 μm long, elongate, with spoon-shaped apex with margin smooth (without serrations), pair of dorsal setae at base, two lateral setae on each side and pair of ventral setae subapically; microtrichia and spinulae absent (Fig. 5A, C). Superior volsella 32–35 μm long, oval, posteromedian corner slightly projecting and rounded, median margin slightly concave; 6–7 setae on dorsal surface, 2 setae on median margin, and 1 ventral seta; field of microtrichia on dorsal surface absent; digitus 21–23 μm long, pointed, slightly extending beyond median margin of superior volsella (Fig. 5A, B, D). Stem of median volsella 13–15 μm long, with 2–3 setiform and 3 pectinate lamellae (Fig. 5B, E). Inferior volsella 75 μm long, covered with microtrichia, slightly curved and posteromedially directed, apex with angular dorsal protrusion. Phallapodeme ~100–105 μm long, strongly sinuous; transverse sternapodeme ~35–50 μm long, with well-developed oral projections. Gonocoxite 85–100 μm long. Gonostylus 125 μm long, narrow, slightly curved, tapering towards pointed apex. HR 0.80. HV 2.29. Distribution and ecological notes. The adult male specimens examined were collected together with those of three other species described in the present paper. For details on ecology and bionomics see notes under Tanytarsus colombiensis. Discussion. Tanytarsus lulu and several Neotropical species, i.e. T. ligulatus, T. paraligulatus as well as “ Tanytarsus cf. ligulatus ” [pre-named and described by Sanseverino (2006), but finally not delimited as new species nor yet validated] are distinct by the anal point crests forming an extraordinary structure—the round, spoon-shaped apex (cf. Reiss 1972, Sanseverino 2006). This character state prompted us to treat it as a main apomorphy for the ligulatus species group, proposed here. Several other diagnostic characters in common among the species mentioned above support this concept. All species analysed have well-developed, long frontal tubercles. They are 3.5 times as long as wide in T. ligulatus and T. cf. ligulatus, the ratio is 4 in T. paraligulatus, while 2.2 in T. lulu. In the ligulatus group, the superior volsella is more or less heart-shaped, with the median margin concave slightly at least (strongly concave in T. ligulatus and T. cf. ligulatus, nearly straight in T. paraligulatus, slightly concave in T. lulu). The key character within the ligulatus group is also the size of the digitus, well-developed in all the species. However, T. lulu has the digitus pointed, extending slightly beyond the median margin of the superior volsella, while the digitus is finger-like, rounded apically, extending well beyond the superior volsella in T. ligulatus and T. paraligulatus. In this character T. lulu is similar to T. cf. ligulatus. These two, possibly the closest species share also some other features that differentiate them from both T. ligulatus and T. paraligulatus: the spoon-shaped anal point apex is round and have no serrations (teeth) on margin in T. lulu and T. cf. ligulatus, while the apex is flattened, with margin toothed in T. ligulatus and T. paraligulatus. Despite the aforementioned similarities, T. lulu and T. cf. ligulatus display several differences: the AR is greater than 1 (1.04) in T. lulu, while less than 1 (0.84) in T. cf. ligulatus; other differentiate characters pertain to the frontal tubercle length/width ratio, the shape of the superior volsella (see above) and the wing chaetotaxy and macrotrichia—numerous in T. lulu relative to T. cf. ligulatus (cf. Sanseverino 2006). The structure of an auxiliary importance in the male Tanytarsini diagnostics are the hypopygial anterolateral teeth or orolateral spines of laterosternite IX, however, they usually are minute thus weakly observable. The spines are in shape of small processes in Tanytarsus lulu but not confirmed in other species of the ligulatus group. Another character that needs re-examination is the presence of sensilla chaetica on the mid leg basitarsus which form a distinct row (comb) in T. lulu, but have not been mentioned in descriptions of T. ligulatus, T. paraligulatus nor T. cf. ligulatus (Sanseverino 2006). All species of the ligulatus group are close morphologically, thus their delimitation has to be based on detailed descriptions (given in the extended form for T. lulu).

Tanytarsus germani sp. nov. LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: EA7DEF24-FFB4-44E8-9A46-B11916895012 (Fig. 3A–F) Type material. Holotype, adult male: COLOMBIA, Meta Department, Puerto Lopez, 04º08’11’’N 72º52’53’’W, 206 m a.s.l., 01–03 January 2021, Malaise trap, G.P.S. Dantas, S.M. R. Hernández (CETdeA). Paratypes: 2 males, same data as for holotype. Derivatio nominis. The specific name is a patronym commemorating the eminent Colombian entomologist, German Amat (1960–2021). Diagnosis. Frontal tubercles absent. Tergite IX with 3–4 strong median setae and extensive microtrichia-free area near base of anal point. Anal tergite bands V-shaped, broadly separated. Anal point with a round pit—anteriorly enclosed with darkly pigmented horseshoe-like margin overlapping the crests; anterior bar cone-shaped, covered with scale-like thorny structures, darkly pigmented; posterior bar split into two flake-shaped projections turned up dorsolaterally. Superior volsella extensive, anterior margin straight, median margin strongly concave, posteromedian corner distinctly narrower but relatively strong. Digitus straight, pointed. Median volsella with single foliate and several setiform lamellae. Description. Adult male (n = 3). Body size and proportions. Total length 1.96–2.08 mm. Wing length 1.05–1.06 mm. Total length/wing length ratio 1.87–1.96. Wing length/length of profemur ratio 1.59–1.62. Colouration. Eyes black.Antenna brown. Scutal vittae and postnotum light brown. Head capsule, ground colour of thorax, scutellum, sternum, and haltere yellow to light brown. Legs yellowish to light brown. Wing veins yellow, membrane pale. Abdomen yellow. Head. Eyes bare, with well-developed dorsomedian extensions. Antenna with 13 flagellomeres; ultimate flagellomere 350–357 μm long; AR 0.83. Frontal tubercles absent. Tentorium 90–100 μm long. Temporal setae 6–7 on each side. Clypeus with 10–13 setae. Lengths of palpomeres 1–5 (in μm): 25–26, 25–28, 67–72, 80–90, 122–132; third palpomere with 5 sensilla clavata subapically, 10–12 μm long. Thorax. Ac 14–16, restricted to anterior region of scutum; Dc 5–7 on each side, uniserial; Pa 1 on each side; Scts 5. Scutum projected and rounded anteriorly, overreaching antepronotum. Wing. Obovate, with anal lobe strongly reduced. Almost all veins and entire membrane below radial veins covered with macrotrichia. Brachiolum with 1 seta. VRCu 1.25–1.33. Legs. Foreleg tibia with short lanceolate spur 13–14 μm long. Tibial combs of mid and hind legs separated; spurs of mid leg unequal: one apically curved, 28–30 μm long, second straight, 12–15 μm long; spurs of hind leg unequal: one apically curved, 33–35 μm long, second straight, 30–33 μm long. Basitarsus of mid leg without sensilla chaetica. Lengths and proportions of legs as in Table 2. Hypopygium. Tergite IX covered with dense short microtrichia except for extensive bare fields near base of anal point, with 3–4 median setae between anal tergite bands; lateral teeth minute; anal tergite bands V-shaped, medially separated, almost reaching the base of anal point (Fig. 3A, C). Anal point 40–45 μm long, lanceolate, apically rounded, bearing a round pit—anteriorly enclosed with dark pigmented, horseshoe-like margin overlapping the crests; anterior bar in shape of spruce cone, covered with scale-like thorny structures, darkly pigmented, posterior bar placed subapically on anal point, split into two flake-shaped projections turned up dorsolaterally (Fig. 3A, C, D). Superior volsella with anterior margin straight and median margin strongly concave, posteromedian corner or distal half distinctly narrower but relatively strong; 6 setae on dorsal surface, 2 setae on median margin (1 close to anterior margin) and 1 seta on ventral tubercle close to anterior margin, field of microtrichia on dorsal surface absent; digitus 10–12 μm long, straight, pointed, reaching but not extending beyond median margin of superior volsella (Fig. 3A, B, E). Stem of median volsella 17–20 μm long, slightly swollen distally, with several setiform lamellae placed subapically and single foliate lamella on apex (Fig. 3B, F). Inferior volsella 55–60 μm long, nearly straight, posteriorly directed, with distal half slightly swollen, apex round. Phallapodeme ~70–80 μm long; transverse sternapodeme ~40 μm long, with small oral projections. Gonocoxite 90–95 μm long. Gonostylus 80–85 μm long, straight, tapering towards blunt apex. HR 1.10–1.12, HV 2.42–2.45. Distribution and ecological notes. The adult male specimens examined were collected together with those of three other species described in the present paper. For details on ecology and bionomics see notes under Tanytarsus colombiensis., Published as part of Dantas, Galileu P. S., Amat, Eduardo, Hamada, Neusa & Giłka, Wojciech, 2022, Towards the systematics and diversity of Neotropical Tanytarsus van der Wulp (Diptera: Chironomidae): news from Colombia, pp. 505-529 in Zootaxa 5129 (4) on pages 510-511, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5129.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/6504144

Tanytarsus ligulatus species group Members: Tanytarsus ligulatus Reiss, 1972, Tanytarsus paraligulatus Reiss, 1972, Tanytarsus lulu sp. nov. Diagnosis. Hypopygial anal point with spoon-shaped apex—round with margin smooth or flattened with margin toothed. Superior volsella more or less heart-shaped, with median margin concave slightly at least. Digitus welldeveloped, extending beyond median margin of superior volsella. Frontal tubercles long, length/width ratio ~2–4., Published as part of Dantas, Galileu P. S., Amat, Eduardo, Hamada, Neusa & Giłka, Wojciech, 2022, Towards the systematics and diversity of Neotropical Tanytarsus van der Wulp (Diptera: Chironomidae): news from Colombia, pp. 505-529 in Zootaxa 5129 (4) on page 515, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5129.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/6504144, {"references":["Reiss, F. (1972) Die Tanytarsini (Chironomidae, Diptera) Sudchiles und Westpatagoniens. Mit Hinweisen auf die Tanytarsini- Fauna der Neotropis. Studies on Neotropical Fauna, 7, 49 - 94. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 01650527209360434"]}