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Immature zygotic embryos of the camphor tree were used as explants, under dark conditions, the somatic embryos induction rate (68.75%) was the highest when the immature zygotic embryos were 6 mm in size. And using sucrose as a carbon source was more conducive to the induction of somatic embryos. The highest cotyledon embryos proliferation rate (36.67%) appeared in the combination of 1.2 mg/L 6-BA + 0.2 mg/L IBA + 8.0 mg/L GA3, and the highest cotyledon embryos germination rate (20%) appeared at 2.4 mg/L 6-BA + 0.4 mg/L IBA + 4.0 mg/L GA3. Changes of endogenous hormone content and radio of various types of embryogenic cultures were clearly diverse: IAA and ABA were always at higher levels, and the highest values of GA3 (0.31 ng·g-1) and ZT (0.09 ng·g-1) appeared in SEG explant, and ZT was only detected in SEG explant, it is speculated that appropriately increasing the content of endogenous ZT or the concentration of exogenous cytokinin may help to induce germination of somatic embryos. The highest values of ABA/IAA (8.46) occurred in SEG explant, followed by SE explant (2.83), which was initially thought to be related to the development and germination of somatic embryos. The highest values of ABA/GA3(180.00) were found in SE explant, followed by YC explant (69.50), which indicated that a higher ratio was beneficial to the normal development of somatic embryos.

In this study, we construct a Cu@ZrO

Ammonia (NH3) offers extensive applications in industrial production; moreover, it is a potential carrier for hydrogen energy and an eco-friendly fuel. Electrocatalytic synthesis of NH3 has drawn increasing research attention, wherein an excellent electrocatalyst plays a vital role. Iron (Fe) oxide nanomaterials with their high activity and cost effectiveness of its raw material Fe, have received significant attention in electrocatalytic N2 reduction reaction (NRR) to synthesize NH3. This study reports a rapid and cost-effective electrochemical method for synthesizing magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles, achieving gram-level production under ambient conditions. The synthesized magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles as electrocatalyst for NRR, achieved excellent faradaic efficiency of 16.9% and an optimal NH3 yield of 12.09 μg h−1 mg−1cat. at −0.15 V (versus the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE)) in 0.1 M Na2SO4. Besides, density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that the N≡N bond was fully activated, and the NRR proceeds mainly along the alternating hydrogenation pathway.

The ongoing pandemic of severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is causing a devastating impact on public health worldwide. However, details concerning the profound impact of SARS-CoV-2 on host cells remain elusive. Here, we investigated the effects of SARS-CoV-2-encoded viral proteins on the intracellular activity of long interspersed element 1 (L1) retrotransposons using well-established reporter systems. Several nonstructural or accessory proteins (Nsps) of SARS-CoV-2 (i.e., Nsp1, Nsp3, Nsp5, and Nsp14) significantly suppress human L1 mobility, and these viral L1 inhibitors generate a complex network that modulates L1 transposition. Specifically, Nsp1 and Nsp14 inhibit the intracellular accumulation of L1 open reading frame proteins (ORF1p), whereas Nsp3, Nsp5, and Nsp14 repress the reverse transcriptase activity of L1 ORF2p. Given recent findings concerning the roles of L1 in antiviral immune activation and host genome instability, the anti-L1 activities mediated by SARS-CoV-2-encoded inhibitors suggest that SARS-CoV-2 employs different strategies to optimize the host genetic environment.

The accuracy of the predicted value of specific surface area plays a significant guiding function in the production and scheduling of cement, as it is a major index impacting the quality of cement. However, due to data characteristics in the cement grinding process, such as time delay, strong coupling and nonlinearity, and the traditional prediction model being a static small sample feature acquisition method based on time correlation, problems such as poor data feature representation and low accuracy exist. In order to achieve an accurate prediction of cement specific surface area, we propose a deep learning prediction model based on Dual Temporal Extraction Network (DTENet). This network is divided into two parts: encoder and decoder. The network uses a dual temporal feature extraction mechanism in the encoder part. Different from the LSTM network which only focuses on the correlation information of a single time step, we realize the mechanism of temporal feature extraction in the short term and long term respectively by constructing a two-stage sliding window to send the data into different temporal feature extraction networks. This network can greatly improve the prediction accuracy for cement specific surface area data with large time lag, redundancy and variable working conditions. In the decoder part, we use the channel attention approach to enhance the spatial information extraction capability of the model. The result of the experiments shows that our model has superior accuracy in cement specific surface area prediction when compared to LSTM, XGBoost and ARIMA models.

This paper analyzes the relevant research on push-button quick-release latch, and presents the dynamic model of a typical push-button latch based on a planar four-bar linkage mechanism. ADAMS software was used to simulate the opening and closing performance of the typical push-button latch. The influence of push angle, push position, push speed and push acceleration on the actual opening force measurement of the product was analyzed, as well as the preload test method of the push-button latch, and the sensor method was recommended to measure the preload force, and tested by experiments. Moreover, this paper analyzes the durability test method of push-button latch, uses the sensor to detect the change of opening and closing force in the process of durability test and studies the durability test of typical products.

Rational regulation of the composition and structure of electrocatalysts is crucial to the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, a new electrocatalyst of nickel phosphate microprism (VSB/NiPO) is developed via a simple solvothermal reaction. The microprism is mainly composed of Versailles-Santa Barbara-5 (VSB-5, molecular sieve) with unique nanochannels, which contribute to accelerating mass transfer and exposing more active sites, thus displaying excellent HER activity. Subsequently, the crystallinity and electronic structure of the framework are modulated by incorporating Fe with the combination of calcination and impregnation. The nanochannels are converted to the amorphous arrangement, and the Ni centers are regulated to the higher valence. The resultant Fe-VSB/NiPO-500 exhibits a low OER overpotential of 227 mV at 50 mA cm

SHARPIN (SHANK-associated RH domain interactor) is a component of the linear ubiquitination complex that regulates the NF-κB signaling pathway. To better understand the function of SHARPIN, we sought to establish a novel genetically engineered Syrian hamster with SHARPIN disruption using the CRISPR/Cas9 system.A single-guide ribonucleic acid targeting exon 1 of SHARPIN gene was designed and constructed. The zygotes generated by cytoplasmic injection of the Cas9/gRNA ribonucleoprotein were transferred into pseudopregnant hamsters. Neonatal mutants were identified by genotyping. SHARPIN protein expression was detected using Western blotting assay. Splenic, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), and thymic weights were measured, and organ coefficients were calculated. Histopathological examination of the spleen, liver, lung, small intestine, and esophagus was performed independently by a pathologist. The expression of lymphocytic markers and cytokines was evaluated using reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction.All the offspring harbored germline-transmitted SHARPIN mutations. Compared with wild-type hamsters, SHARPIN protein was undetectable in SHARPINA novel SHARPIN KO hamster was successfully established using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Abnormal development of secondary lymphoid organs and eosinophil infiltration in multiple organs reveal its potential in delineating SHARPIN function and chronic inflammation.

Two-dimensional (2D) materials are used in energy storage and conversion due to their unique electronic structure and large specific area. In this work, 2D vanadium carbide (V2CTx MXene) is fabricated and studied as an efficient and earth-abundant electrocatalyst for electrocatalytic N2 reduction reaction (NRR). When tested in 0.1 M Na2SO4, such electrocatalyst achieves a large NH3 yield rate of 12.6 μg h–1 mg–1cat. and a Faradaic efficiency of 4% at –0.7 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode. Theoretical calculations show a low reaction barrier of 0.88 eV in the distal route for this catalyst.

Nitrogen can be electrochemically reduced to produce ammonia, which supplies an energy-saving and environmental-benign route at room temperature, but high-efficiency catalysts are sought to reduce the reaction barrier. Here, iron-doped α-MoO3 nanosheets are thus designed and proposed as potential catalysts for fixing N2 to NH3. The α-MoO3 band structure is intentionally modulated by the iron doping, which narrows the band gap of α-MoO3 and turns the semiconductor into a metal-like catalyst. Oxygen vacancies, generated by substituting Mo6+ for Fe3+ anions, are beneficial for nitrogen adsorption at the active sites. In 0.1 M Na2SO4, the Fe-doped MoO3 catalyst reached a high faradaic efficiency of 13.3% and an excellent NH3 yield rate of 28.52 μg h-1 mgcat-1 at -0.7 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, superior to most of the other metal-based catalysts. Theoretical calculations confirmed that the N2 reduction reaction at the Fe-MoO3 surface followed the distal reaction path.

This study intended to explore the effect of C-Jun N-terminal kinases 1 (JNK1) polymorphisms on the sensitivity of individual hearing loss. A total of 1333 subjects, including 683 NIHL workers and 650 normal-hearing workers from east China, were included in this cross-sectional study. Genotyping of three JNK1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs9284, rs8428, and rs11598320) was performed. The relationship between different genotypes and noise-induced hearing loss was analyzed. Results show that rs11598320 TT genotype was associated with a higher risk of NIHL (OR 1.57, 95% CI 0.91–2.70). Stratified analysis indicated that the rs11598320 AT + AA genotype was associated with a decreased risk of hearing loss in subjects exposed to noise ≤ 16 years or a noise level > 92 dB (OR 0.68, 95% CI 0.50–0.93 and OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.42–0.96, respectively). The rs8428 TT genotype was associated with an increased risk of noise-induced hearing loss when the noise level was > 92 dB (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.11–2.70). Haplotype TCT (rs9284–rs8424–rs11598320) was associated with an increased risk of noise-induced hearing loss (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.00–1.68). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs11598320 and rs8424) in JNK1 can be used as new biomarkers of susceptibility for noise-induced hearing loss in Chinese workers.

Electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) driven by a renewable energy source offers a sustainable and environmentally benign route to produce ammonia (NH3), but it is highly dependent on efficient and specific catalysts to reduce the high reaction barrier and improve the selectivity. Defect engineering is extensively used to regulate the surface properties of materials to improve their catalytic performance. Herein we synthesized SnO2 with different oxygen vacancy concentrations by a controllable electrochemical method for electrocatalytic nitrogen (N2) fixation. The prepared SnO2 was used as an electrocatalyst and exhibited excellent NRR performance with an optimal NH3 yield rate of 25.27 μg h-1 mgcat.-1 and faradaic efficiency of 11.48% at -0.6 V (vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode) in 0.1 M Na2SO4. Oxygen vacancies provide more active sites and greater electron transfer ability on the catalyst surface to facilitate N2 adsorption and activation. The electrocatalytic NRR performance of SnO2 was enhanced with the increase in oxygen vacancy concentration. The density functional theory calculations indicate that the oxygen vacancies in SnO2 promote the electrocatalytic NRR performance by increasing the number of valence electrons of Sn and decreasing the energy barrier of the potential-determining step, thus promoting the activation of the N-N bond to further achieve efficient N2 fixation.

Electrode materials with a hierarchical nanostructure derived from transition metal-based compounds is an important branch of energy storage materials and have attracted widespread attention in recent years. Herein, a Cu–Ni(OH)2@CoO nanoflower cluster (Cu–Ni(OH)2@CoO NFCs) heterojunction was successfully constructed by a simple two-step hydrothermal method in the presence of Co2+. The optimized Cu–Ni(OH)2@CoO NFCs presented a high capacitive performance and outstanding cycle stability when used as a battery-type supercapacitive electrode material. In particular, an ultra-high areal specific capacitance of 5.8 F cm−2 (354.8 mA h g−1) at 1 mA cm−2 was obtained in 3 M KOH electrolyte. Even after 10 000 cycles, the capacitance still remained 98.4% of its initial value. All the experimental characterization results indicate that the excellent performance of the Cu–Ni(OH)2@CoO NFC self-supporting electrode can be attributed to the regulatory effect of Co2+ on the morphology and electronic structure, which is induced by the second hydrothermal process. More specifically, the transformations in the morphology and electronic structure will expose more active sites and accelerate charge transfer during the electrochemical reaction. Besides, the rapid oxidation reactions of multivalent transition metal ions and enhanced hydrophilicity promote the electrochemical reaction kinetics processes on the Cu–Ni(OH)2@CoO NFC electrode. This study provides a promising strategy for exploring low-cost and efficient electrode materials based on transition metal compounds for electrochemical energy storage.

Ammonia as a vital chemical is not only indispensable to agriculture but also crucial to some energy devices like fuel cells. However, conventional ammonia production remains energy-intensive and environmentally hostile, and thus electrochemical synthesis of ammonia under mild conditions receives increasing attention. Herein, we report nanoflower-like yttrium fluoride (YF3) as a high-efficiency electrocatalyst for the nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) for the synthesis of ammonia. Such a catalyst exhibits an ammonia yield rate of 15.5 μg h−1 mgcat−1 and a faradaic efficiency (FE) of 26.2% in 0.1 M Na2SO4, and also shows excellent selectivity and stability. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations indicate that electrons transfer from the NN bond to N–Y and N–H bonds, and the activation of N2 molecules promotes the adsorption of H atoms.

Electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (ENRR) offers a carbon-neutral process to fix nitrogen into ammonia, but its feasibility depends on the development of highly efficient electrocatalysts. Herein, we report that Fe ion grafted on MoO3 nanorods synthesized by an impregnation technique can efficiently enhance the electron harvesting ability and the selectivity of H+ during the NRR process in neutral electrolyte. In 0.1 M Na2SO4 solution, the electrocatalyst exhibited a remarkable NRR activity with an NH3 yield of 9.66 μg h−1 mg−1cat and a Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 13.1%, far outperforming the ungrafted MnO3. Density functional theory calculations revealed that the Fe sites are major activation centers along the alternating pathway.

Little is known about the use of antioxidants in the clinical treatment of vitiligo. To investigate the specific use of antioxidants in the treatment of vitiligo and the possible reasons behind its use in China, we conducted a prospective questionnaire-based study using an online questionnaire comprising 26 questions in 5 areas. A total of 323 clinical frontline dermatologists participated in this study. Differences among groups were compared using Pearson’s chi-square test. Ordinal logistic regression was used to develop knowledge–use multiple regression models. Among the 323 dermatologists, 293 (90.7%) approved the oxidative stress theory of vitiligo, and 182 (56.3%) encouraged the use of antioxidants for treating vitiligo; nonetheless, only 11.8% frequently treated vitiligo with antioxidants. Insufficient knowledge of antioxidants was a significant predictor of lower frequency of antioxidant usage (adjusted odds ratio, 0.401 [95% confidence interval, 0.256-0.629]; P < .001 ). The predictors associated with higher antioxidant efficacy included advanced or rapid progression, moderate or moderate-to-severe vitiligo, age of 0–2 years or 13–18 years, segmental vitiligo, oral and topical combination therapy, and course duration of

Occupational health and safety (OHS) is important for safeguarding workers during industrialization and pursuing economic benefits. We asked 123,943 junior college students from years 1–5 to complete an online questionnaire about their knowledge of occupational safety and health. A total of 101,577 students responded, with a response rate of 81.96%. The average score and pass rate for all valid respondents were 44.99 ± 12.53 and 75.2%, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in average scores and pass rates among students of different genders, levels, number of family members, and school locations. Government departments should increase investment in Occupational Safety and Health education for students in poverty-stricken areas, and should conduct regular assessments of students’ knowledge. Junior colleges should also strengthen learning in occupational health education.

Glyphosate (GLP) is one of the most common herbicides worldwide. The serum cholinesterase (ChE) may be affected when exposed to glyphosate. Reduction of serum ChE by herbicides is probably related to cytochrome P450 (CYP450) family polymorphisms. We suspect that the abnormal ChE caused by GLP could be correlated with the CYP family members. To determine whether CYP1B1 (rs1056827 and rs1056836) and CYP1A1 (rs1048943) gene polymorphisms and individual susceptibility to GLP-induced ChE abnormalities were interrelated in the Chinese Han population, we performed this genetic association study on a total of 230 workers previously exposed to GLP, including 115 cases with reduced serum ChE and 115 controls with normal serum ChE. Two even groups of cases and controls were enrolled. The CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 polymorphisms in both groups were genotyped using TaqMan. Subjects with the CYP1A1 rs619586 genotypes showed an increased risk of GLP-induced reduction of serum ChE, which was more evident in the following subgroups: female, > 35 years old, history of GLP exposure time 10 years, nonsmoker and nondrinker. The results show that CYP1A1 rs619586 was significantly associated with the GLP-induced reduction in serum ChE and could be a biomarker of susceptibility for Chinese GLP exposed workers. Because of a large number of people exposed to glyphosate, this study has a significance in protecting their health.

Due to their features of low cost, good corrosion resistance and environmental friendliness, transition metal oxides/nitrides are among the most promising materials for energy storage and conversion. Meanwhile, graphitic carbon nitride is a non-metallic polymer that has been widely used in the environmental and energy conversion fields due to its abundant precursor species and simple process of synthesis. In this study, an amorphous carbon nitride/NiO/CoN-based composite (Ni-Co-CN) is in situ fabricated via simple one-step pyrolysis; it displays high capacitive performance and efficient electrocatalytic capability for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Specifically, the optimized Ni-Co-CN electrode shows an ultra-high areal specific capacitance of 18.8 F cm-2 at 2 mA cm-2 in 3 M KOH electrolyte, and it retains 91.4% of its areal specific capacitance even after 10 000 cycles of CV scans. Upon being used as an electrocatalyst in the OER process, the overpotential of Ni-Co-CN can reach 195 mV versus a reference hydrogen electrode (RHE) at 10 mA cm-2, which is far lower than those of most reported Ni/Co-based catalysts. Additionally, the potential loss of Ni-Co-CN electrode is less than 1% after a long-term durability test over 60 h. The experimental results integrated with density functional theoretical calculations reveal that the excellent performance of the Ni-Co-CN self-supported electrode can be ascribed to the fast redox reduction of multi-valent transition metal ions, abundant surface defects and plentiful nano-scaled porous structures. This work provides a promising strategy for exploring methods to combine economic Ni/Co-based compounds with carbon-based materials to obtain low-cost yet efficient electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage and conversion.

In the current decade, software systems have been more intensively employed in every aspect of our lives. However, it is disappointing that the quality of software is far from satisfactory. More importantly, the complexity and size of today's software systems are increasing dramatically, which means that the number of required modifications is also increasing exponentially. Therefore, it is necessary to understand how function-level modifications impact the distribution of software bugs. In addition, other factors such as a function's structural characteristics as well as attributes of functions themselves may also serve as informative indicators for software fault prediction. In this paper, we perform statistical methods and logistic regression to analyze the possible factors that are related to the distribution of software bugs. We demonstrate our study from the following five perspectives: 1) the distribution of bugs in time and space; 2) the distribution of function-level modifications in time and space; 3) the relationship between function-level modifications and functions' fault-proneness; 4) the relationship between functional attributes and functions' fault-proneness; and 5) the relationship between software structural characteristics and functions' fault-proneness.

Solar-driven reduction of CO2 into multi-carbon products plays a vital role in renewing CO2 utilization, while the key lies on screening efficient catalysts that possess moderate CO intermediate binding energy and eventually facilitate further C–C coupling to C2+ products. Herein, we proposed a synergistic coupling catalyst by anchoring the heteroatom B–Co dimer into porous C2N (B–Co@C2N) for photocatalytic CO2 reduction into ethane via applying first-principles calculations. The formation of the B–Co dimer can effectively modulate the Co-3d orbital toward lower energy levels, which weakens CO adsorption strength compared with Co–Co@C2N and leads to a low C–C coupling energy barrier of ∼0.61 eV. The undesirable hydrogen evolution reaction is drastically suppressed due to the strong adsorption of the *CO2/*COOH intermediate with positive limiting potential difference of UL(CO2)–UL(H2). More importantly, the light absorbance of B–Co@C2N is significantly enhanced in the visible and infrared light range compared with that of pure C2N. The high binding energy combined with the AIMD simulations ensured structural stability and feasibility for future experimental synthesis. Our proposed synergy concept of single metal atom and nonmetal atom hybrids is expected to open a new avenue toward photocatalytic CO2 reduction into multi-carbon products under visible light.

Industrial ammonia production depends heavily on the traditional Haber–Bosch method at the expense of CO2 emissions and large energy consumptions. Artificial fixation of nitrogen to ammonia is ther...

Electrochemical synthesis of ammonia through the nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) has the possibility to revolutionize our production of ammonia and to save our planet from both emissions and large energy consumption. In this study, a perovskite structured lanthanum chromite catalyst (LaCrO3) is synthesized, characterized as well as electrochemically evaluated for NRR. The highest ammonia yield is obtained at −0.8 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode with an ammonia formation rate of 24.8 μg h−1 mg−1 cat, and a Faradaic efficiency of 15 %. Material calculation further confirms the possible mechanism of ammonia formation with the aid of LaCrO3 catalyst. The resulting conclusion offers a great alternative with the easily produced and low-cost perovskite structured electrocatalysts for ammonia production. (Less)

Electrode materials with a hierarchical nanostructure derived from transition metal-based compounds is an important branch of energy storage materials and have attracted widespread attention in recent years. Herein, a Cu-Ni(OH)

Background Activating transcription factor-2 (ATF2) is a member of the basic leucine zipper family of DNA-binding proteins, which exhibits both oncogenic and tumor suppression activity in different tumors. However, the molecular mechanism of its dual function in cancer chemotherapy especially in gastric cancer has still not been elucidated. Methods The protein expression and location of ATF2 in gastric cancer tissues was detected with immunohistochemistry assay, and the clinical significance was analyzed using TCGA and GEO database. The activation and impact of ATF2 in cisplatin treated cells were evaluated with western blot, incucyte live cell analysis, clone formation and tumor xenografts assays. Interaction between ATF2 and p53 was confirmed with immunoprecipitation and GST-pull down. Potential molecular mechanism of ATF2 in different p53 status cells was analyzed with RNA sequencing and real-time quantitative PCR. Results ATF2 mainly located in the nucleus of cancer cells, higher ATF2 level was associated with poor five-year survival of gastric patients, especially in those undergone chemotherapy treatment. Cisplatin treatment significantly activated ATF2 in p53 mutant cells. ATF2 could interact with the trans-activation domain of p53 and enhance cisplatin sensitivity in p53 wild type cell lines, while promoted cell survival in mutant p53 cancer cells by affecting ERK1/2 pathway. Conclusions This study confirmed the effect of ATF2 on cisplatin sensitivity was associated with the functional status of p53 in gastric cancer cells. Integrated analysis of ATF2 expression and P53 status could be used to evaluate the chemotherapy sensitivity and prognosis of gastric cancer patients.

Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) is a respiratory viral pathogen that causes severe respiratory diseases and neurologic manifestations. Since the 2014 outbreak, EV-D68 has been reported to cause severe complications worldwide. However, there are currently no approved antiviral agents or vaccines for EV-D68. In this study, we found that zinc ions exerted substantial antiviral activity against EV-D68 infection in vitro. Zinc salt treatment potently suppressed EV-D68 RNA replication, protein synthesis, and infectious virion production and inhibited cytopathic effects without producing significant cytotoxicity at virucidal concentrations (EC50=0.033mM). Zinc chloride (ZnCl2) treatment moderately inhibited EV-D68 attachment. Time-dose analysis of EV-D68 structural protein VP1 synthesis showed stronger suppression of VP1 in the culture medium than that in the cell lysates. Furthermore, a zinc ionophore, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, which can transport zinc ions into cells, also enhanced the anti-EV-D68 activity of ZnCl2 treatment. Taken together, our results demonstrated that the enhancement of zinc influx could serve as a powerful strategy for the therapeutic treatment of EV-D68 infections.