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102. Global burden of respiratory infections associated with seasonal influenza in children under 5 years in 2018 : a systematic review and modelling study

Author

Wang, Xin, Li, You, O'Brien, Katherine L., Madhi, Shabir A., Widdowson, Marc-Alain, Byass, Peter, Omer, Saad B., Abbas, Qalab, Ali, Asad, Amu, Alberta, Azziz-Baumgartner, Eduardo, Bassat, Quique, Brooks, W. Abdullah, Chaves, Sandra S., Chung, Alexandria, Cohen, Cheryl, Echavarria, Marcela, Fasce, Rodrigo A., Gentile, Angela, Gordon, Aubree, Groome, Michelle, Heikkinen, Terho, Hirve, Siddhivinayak, Jara, Jorge H., Katz, Mark A., Khuri-Bulos, Najwa, Krishnan, Anand, de Leon, Oscar, Lucero, Marilla G., McCracken, John P., Mira-Iglesias, Ainara, Moisi, Jennifer C., Munywoki, Patrick K., Ourohire, Millogo, Polack, Fernando P., Rahi, Manveer, Rasmussen, Zeba A., Rath, Barbara A., Saha, Samir K., Simoes, Eric A. F., Sotomayor, Viviana, Thamthitiwat, Somsak, Treurnicht, Florette K., Wamukoya, Marylene, Yoshida, Lay-Myint, Zar, Heather J., Campbell, Harry, Nair, Harish, Wang, Xin, Li, You, O'Brien, Katherine L., Madhi, Shabir A., Widdowson, Marc-Alain, Byass, Peter, Omer, Saad B., Abbas, Qalab, Ali, Asad, Amu, Alberta, Azziz-Baumgartner, Eduardo, Bassat, Quique, Brooks, W. Abdullah, Chaves, Sandra S., Chung, Alexandria, Cohen, Cheryl, Echavarria, Marcela, Fasce, Rodrigo A., Gentile, Angela, Gordon, Aubree, Groome, Michelle, Heikkinen, Terho, Hirve, Siddhivinayak, Jara, Jorge H., Katz, Mark A., Khuri-Bulos, Najwa, Krishnan, Anand, de Leon, Oscar, Lucero, Marilla G., McCracken, John P., Mira-Iglesias, Ainara, Moisi, Jennifer C., Munywoki, Patrick K., Ourohire, Millogo, Polack, Fernando P., Rahi, Manveer, Rasmussen, Zeba A., Rath, Barbara A., Saha, Samir K., Simoes, Eric A. F., Sotomayor, Viviana, Thamthitiwat, Somsak, Treurnicht, Florette K., Wamukoya, Marylene, Yoshida, Lay-Myint, Zar, Heather J., Campbell, Harry, and Nair, Harish

Abstract

Background: Seasonal influenza virus is a common cause of acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) in ung children. In 2008, we estimated that 20 million influenza-virus-associated ALRI and 1 million fluenza-virus-associated severe ALRI occurred in children under 5 years globally. Despite this bstantial burden, only a few low-income and middle-income countries have adopted routine influenza ccination policies for children and, where present, these have achieved only low or unknown levels of ccine uptake. Moreover, the influenza burden might have changed due to the emergence and rculation of influenza A/H1N1pdm09. We aimed to incorporate new data to update estimates of the obal number of cases, hospital admissions, and mortality from influenza-virus-associated respiratory fections in children under 5 years in 2018. Methods: We estimated the regional and global burden of influenza-associated respiratory infections in ildren under 5 years from a systematic review of 100 studies published between Jan 1, 1995, and Dec , 2018, and a further 57 high-quality unpublished studies. We adapted the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale to sess the risk of bias. We estimated incidence and hospitalisation rates of influenza-virus-associated spiratory infections by severity, case ascertainment, region, and age. We estimated in-hospital deaths om influenza virus ALRI by combining hospital admissions and in-hospital case-fatality ratios of fluenza virus ALRI. We estimated the upper bound of influenza virus-associated ALRI deaths based on e number of in-hospital deaths, US paediatric influenza-associated death data, and population-based ildhood all-cause pneumonia mortality data in six sites in low-income and lower-middle-income untries. Findings: In 2018, among children under 5 years globally, there were an estimated 109.5 million fluenza virus episodes (uncertainty range [UR] 63.1-190.6), 10.1 million influenza-virus-associated ALRI ses (6.8-15.1); 870 000 influenza-virus-associated ALRI hospital

Published
2020
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103. Global molecular diversity of RSV - the 'INFORM RSV' study

Author

Infectieziekten onderzoek1 (Bont), MMB Research line 3a, Infection & Immunity, Epi Methoden Team 1, MMB, Intensive care patientenzorg, DT Panda, Infectieziekten patientenzorg, CTI Bont, Infectiezieken, Child Health, Langedijk, Annefleur C, Lebbink, Robert Jan, Naaktgeboren, Christiana, Evers, Anouk, Viveen, Marco C, Greenough, Anne, Heikkinen, Terho, Stein, Renato T, Richmond, Peter, Martinón-Torres, Federico, Nunes, Marta, Hosoya, Mitsuaki, Keller, Christian, Bauck, Monika, Cohen, Robert, Papenburg, Jesse, Pernica, Jeffrey, Hennus, Marije P, Jin, Hong, Tabor, David E, Tovchigrechko, Andrev, Ruzin, Alexey, Abram, Michael E, Wilkins, Deidre, Wildenbeest, Joanne G, Kragten-Tabatabaie, Leyla, Coenjaerts, Frank E J, Esser, Mark T, Bont, Louis J, Infectieziekten onderzoek1 (Bont), MMB Research line 3a, Infection & Immunity, Epi Methoden Team 1, MMB, Intensive care patientenzorg, DT Panda, Infectieziekten patientenzorg, CTI Bont, Infectiezieken, Child Health, Langedijk, Annefleur C, Lebbink, Robert Jan, Naaktgeboren, Christiana, Evers, Anouk, Viveen, Marco C, Greenough, Anne, Heikkinen, Terho, Stein, Renato T, Richmond, Peter, Martinón-Torres, Federico, Nunes, Marta, Hosoya, Mitsuaki, Keller, Christian, Bauck, Monika, Cohen, Robert, Papenburg, Jesse, Pernica, Jeffrey, Hennus, Marije P, Jin, Hong, Tabor, David E, Tovchigrechko, Andrev, Ruzin, Alexey, Abram, Michael E, Wilkins, Deidre, Wildenbeest, Joanne G, Kragten-Tabatabaie, Leyla, Coenjaerts, Frank E J, Esser, Mark T, and Bont, Louis J

Published
2020

107. Viral etiology of common cold in children, Finland

Author

Ruohola, Aino, Waris, Matti, Allander, Tobias, Ziegler, Thedi, Heikkinen, Terho, and Ruuskanen, Olli

Subjects
Diagnosis, Care and treatment, Analysis, Causes of, Common cold -- Analysis -- Care and treatment -- Diagnosis -- Causes of, Cold (Disease) -- Analysis -- Care and treatment -- Diagnosis -- Causes of
Abstract

To the Editor: The common cold is regarded as a viral disease. In the first years of the 21st century, several new respiratory viruses have been identified, such as human [...]

Published
2009

111. Influenza vaccination in the prevention of acute otitis media in children

Author

Heikkinen, Terho, Ruuskanen, Olli, Waris, Matti, Ziegler, Thedi, Arola, Mikko, and Halonen, Pekka

Subjects
Viral vaccines -- Health aspects, Influenza vaccines -- Health aspects, Otitis media -- Prevention, Family and marriage, Health
Abstract

It is estimated that more than 60 percent of the children in the United States will have at least one attack of acute otitis media (AOM, inflammation of the inner part of the ear) during their first year of life, and greater than 80 percent will have AOM by the age of 3. Research has focused on developing a bacterial vaccine for Streptococcus pneumoniae, a common cause of AOM. However, efforts have been unsuccessful. In many cases, AOM is preceded by a viral respiratory infection that can be caused by respiratory syncytial viruses, rhinoviruses, influenza A viruses or adenoviruses; infection with any of these viruses can cause AOM. Since a vaccine for influenza A is available, the effectiveness of this vaccine in preventing AOM caused by influenza A virus was evaluated. The vaccine was administered to 187 children (aged 1 to 3 years) attending a day-care center; 187 children who did not receive influenza A vaccine served as a control group. The vaccination took place prior to the 1988-1989 influenza A epidemic. During a 6-week period, 5 of the 187 vaccinated children developed an infection with influenza A virus, and 3 of the 5 developed AOM. A total of 29 unvaccinated children developed infection with influenza A, and 18 developed AOM. Overall, 35 vaccinated children developed AOM, while 55 of the children who were not vaccinated had AOM. These results demonstrate that vaccination of children against influenza A virus reduces the incidence of AOM due to that virus. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Published
1991

112. The Etiological Role of Common Respiratory Viruses in Acute Respiratory Infections in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Author

Shi, Ting, Arnott, Andrew, Semogas, Indre, Falsey, Ann R, Openshaw, Peter, Wedzicha, Jadwiga A, Campbell, Harry, Nair, Harish, Zhang, Shanshan, Li, You, Wedzicha, Jadwicha, Falsey, Ann, Miller, Mark, Beutels, Philippe, Bont, Louis, Pollard, Andrew, Molero, Eva, Martinon-Torres, Federico, Heikkinen, Terho, Meijer, Adam, Kølsen Fischer, Thea, van den Berge, Maarten, Giaquinto, Carlo, Mikolajczyk, Rafael, Hackett, Judy, Tafesse, Eskinder, Cai, Bing, Knirsch, Charles, Gonzalez Lopez, Antonio, Dieussaert, Ilse, Dermateau, Nadia, Stoszek, Sonia, Gallichan, Scott, Kieffer, Alexia, Demont, Clarisse, Cheret, Arnaud, Gavart, Sandra, Aerssens, Jeroen, Wyffels, Veronique, Cleenewerck, Matthias, Fuentes, Robert, Rosen, Brian, Commission of the European Communities, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust- BRC Funding, and Medical Research Council (MRC)

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Etiological role, viruses, Pneumonia, Viral, medicine.disease_cause, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Human metapneumovirus, Internal medicine, Epidemiology, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Humans, Viral, 030212 general & internal medicine, Respiratory Tract Infections, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, older adults, 030304 developmental biology, Aged, 0303 health sciences, biology, Respiratory tract infections, business.industry, Age Factors, virus diseases, Pneumonia, Odds ratio, 06 Biological Sciences, biology.organism_classification, 3. Good health, respiratory tract diseases, respiratory virus, Infectious Diseases, Attributable risk, acute respiratory infection, Acute Disease, Etiology, Respiratory virus, RESCEU Investigators, Supplement Article, Rhinovirus, Acute respiratory infection, Older adults, business
Abstract

Acute respiratory tract infections (ARI) constitute a substantial disease burden in adults and elderly individuals. We aimed to identify all case-control studies investigating the potential role of respiratory viruses in the etiology of ARI in older adults aged ≥65 years. We conducted a systematic literature review (across 7 databases) of case-control studies published from 1996 to 2017 that investigated the viral profile of older adults with and those without ARI. We then computed a pooled odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval and virus-specific attributable fraction among the exposed (AFE) for 8 common viruses: respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza virus (Flu), parainfluenza virus (PIV), human metapneumovirus (HMPV), adenovirus (AdV), rhinovirus (RV), bocavirus (BoV), and coronavirus (CoV). From the 16 studies included, there was strong evidence of possible causal attribution for RSV (OR, 8.5 [95% CI, 3.9–18.5]; AFE, 88%), Flu (OR, 8.3 [95% CI, 4.4–15.9]; AFE, 88%), PIV (OR, not available; AFE, approximately 100%), HMPV (OR, 9.8 [95% CI, 2.3–41.0]; AFE, 90%), AdV (OR, not available; AFE, approximately 100%), RV (OR, 7.1 [95% CI, 3.7–13.6]; AFE, 86%) and CoV (OR, 2.8 [95% CI, 2.0–4.1]; AFE, 65%) in older adults presenting with ARI, compared with those without respiratory symptoms (ie, asymptomatic individuals) or healthy older adults. However, there was no significant difference in the detection of BoV in cases and controls. This review supports RSV, Flu, PIV, HMPV, AdV, RV, and CoV as important causes of ARI in older adults and provides quantitative estimates of the absolute proportion of virus-associated ARI cases to which a viral cause can be attributed. Disease burden estimates should take into account the appropriate AFE estimates (for older adults) that we report., The etiological roles of common respiratory viruses in acute respiratory infections in older adults are important and should be taken into consideration in disease burden estimates.

Published
2019
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116. Burden of paediatric influenza in Western Europe: a systematic review

Author

Antonova Evgeniya N, Rycroft Catherine E, Ambrose Christopher S, Heikkinen Terho, and Principi Nicola

Subjects
Influenza, Children, Vaccination, Europe, Burden, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Abstract Background Influenza illness in children causes significant clinical and economic burden. Although some European countries have adopted influenza immunisation policies for healthy children, the debate about paediatric influenza vaccination in most countries of the European Union is ongoing. Our aim was to summarise influenza burden (in terms of health outcomes and economic burden) in children in Western Europe via a systematic literature review. Methods We conducted a systematic literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library (1970-April 2011) and extracted data on influenza burden in children (defined as aged ≤ 18 years) from 50 publications (13 reporting laboratory-confirmed influenza; 37 reporting influenza-like illness). Results Children with laboratory-confirmed influenza experienced hospitalisations (0.3%-20%), medical visits (1.7-2.8 visits per case), antibiotic prescriptions (7%-55%), and antipyretic or other medications for symptomatic relief (76%-99%); young children and those with severe illness had the highest rates of health care use. Influenza in children also led to absenteeism from day care, school, or work for the children, their siblings, and their parents. Average (mean or median) length of absence from school or day care associated with confirmed influenza ranged from 2.8 to 12.0 days for the children, from 1.3 to 6.0 days for their siblings, and from 1.3 to 6.3 days for their parents. Influenza negatively affected health-related quality of life in children with asthma, including symptoms and activities; this negative effect was smaller in vaccinated children than in non-vaccinated children. Conclusions Influenza burden in children is substantial and has a significant direct impact on the ill children and an indirect impact on their siblings and parents. The identified evidence regarding the burden of influenza may help inform both influenza antiviral use in children and paediatric immunisation policies in European countries.

Published
2012
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117. Priority Needs for Conducting Pandemic-relevant Clinical Research With Children in Europe

Author

Gal, Micaela, primary, Gobat, Nina, additional, Francis, Nicholas A., additional, Hood, Kerenza, additional, Butler, Christopher C., additional, Bielicki, Julia, additional, Fraaij, Pieter L., additional, Sharland, Mike, additional, Jarvis, Jessica, additional, van Rossum, Annemarie M. C., additional, Heikkinen, Terho, additional, Martinon-Torres, Federico, additional, Herberg, Jethro, additional, Watkins, Angela, additional, Webb, Steve A. R., additional, Moore, Ronnie, additional, Sukumar, Prasanth, additional, and Nichol, Alistair, additional

Published
2019
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118. Accuracy of clinical diagnosis of influenza in outpatient children

Author

Peltola, Ville, Reunanen, Tanja, Ziegler, Thedi, Silvennoinen, Heli, and Heikkinen, Terho

Subjects
Influenza -- Diagnosis, Respiratory tract infections -- Diagnosis, Pediatric respiratory diseases -- Diagnosis, Pediatric respiratory diseases -- Research, Health, Health care industry
Published
2005

119. Burden of influenza during the first year of life.

Author

Mattila, Janna‐Maija, Thomas, Emilia, Lehtinen, Pasi, Vuorinen, Tytti, Waris, Matti, and Heikkinen, Terho

Subjects
INFLUENZA, RESPIRATORY infections, FLU vaccine efficacy, ACUTE otitis media, VIRUS diseases, FEBRILE seizures
Abstract

Background: Every year, influenza viruses infect millions of children and cause an enormous burden of disease. Young children are at the highest risk for influenza‐attributable hospitalizations. Nevertheless, most young children are treated as outpatients, and limited data are available on the burden of influenza in these children. Methods: We carried out a prospective cohort study and followed 431 infants born in June‐August 2017 for 10 months from September 1, 2017, to June 30, 2018. The parents filled out daily symptom diaries and were instructed to bring their child for clinical examination at our study clinic each time the child had fever or any signs or symptoms of respiratory tract infection. During each visit, we obtained nasopharyngeal swab specimens for determination of the viral etiology of the illness. Results: A total of 55 episodes of laboratory‐confirmed influenza were diagnosed among the 408 actively participating children, which corresponds to an annual incidence rate of 135/1000 children (95% Cl, 102‐175). Excluding five children with double viral infection, acute otitis media developed as a complication of influenza in 23 (46%) children. One (2%) child with influenza was hospitalized because of febrile convulsion. The effectiveness of influenza vaccination was 48% (95% CI, −29%‐80%). Conclusions: The burden of influenza during the first year of life is heavy in the outpatient setting where most infants with influenza are managed. Effective strategies for the prevention of influenza particularly in infants under 6 months of age are needed to diminish the burden of disease in this age group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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121. How to optimise the coverage rate of infant and adult immunisations in Europe

Author

Weil-Olivier Catherine, Heikkinen Terho, Rodrigo Carlos, Campins Magda, Schumacher R Fabian, Van Damme Pierre, Aston Robert, Booy Robert, Schmitt Heinz-J, Finn Adam, Olcén Per, Fedson David, and Peltola Heikki

Subjects
Medicine
Abstract

Abstract Background Although vaccination has been proved to be a safe, efficacious, and cost-effective intervention, immunisation rates remain suboptimal in many European countries, resulting in poor control of many vaccine-preventable diseases. Discussion The Summit of Independent European Vaccination Experts focused on the perception of vaccines and vaccination by the general public and healthcare professionals and discussed ways to improve vaccine uptake in Europe. Despite the substantial impact and importance of the media, healthcare professionals were identified as the main advocates for vaccination and the most important source of information about vaccines for the general public. Healthcare professionals should receive more support for their own education on vaccinology, have rapid access to up-to-date information on vaccines, and have easy access to consultation with experts regarding vaccination-related problems. Vaccine information systems should be set up to facilitate promotion of vaccination. Summary Every opportunity to administer vaccines should be used, and active reminder systems should be set up. A European vaccine awareness week should be established.

Published
2007
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124. Burden of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection During the First Year of Life.

Author

Thomas, Emilia, Mattila, Janna-Maija, Lehtinen, Pasi, Vuorinen, Tytti, Waris, Matti, and Heikkinen, Terho

Subjects
RESPIRATORY syncytial virus infections, NEWBORN infants, ACUTE otitis media, RESPIRATORY syncytial virus, HUMAN metapneumovirus infection, RESEARCH, RESEARCH methodology, EVALUATION research, COMPARATIVE studies, HOSPITAL care, OTITIS media, LONGITUDINAL method
Abstract

Background: Although many infants with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection are hospitalized, most infants are treated as outpatients. Limited data are available on the burden of RSV in outpatient infants.Methods: In a prospective study, we enrolled 431 newborn infants and followed them up for a 10-month period (September-June). During each respiratory illness, we examined the infants and obtained nasopharyngeal specimens for the detection of RSV. The parents completed daily symptom diaries throughout the study.Results: Among 408 active participants, the seasonal incidence rate of RSV illness was 328.4 per 1000 (95% confidence interval [CI], 275.2-389.0). Infants with ≥1 sibling had a 1.9-fold higher incidence of RSV illness than those without siblings (95% CI, 1.3-2.8; P < .001). Acute otitis media developed in 103 (76.9%) of 134 infants with RSV infection, and 95 (70.9%) were treated with antibiotics. Nine infants with RSV (6.7%) were hospitalized, for a seasonal incidence rate of RSV hospitalization of 22.1 per 1000 (95% CI, 10.1-41.9).Conclusions: The outpatient burden of RSV is heavy on infants during the first year of life. Acute otitis media is a frequent complication of RSV, and it should be included in cost-effectiveness analyses of prevention or treatment of RSV infections in infants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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125. The burden of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) associated acute lower respiratory infections in children with Down syndrome : A systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Chan, Markus, Park, John J., Shi, Ting, Torres, Federico Martinón, Bont, Louis, Nair, Harish, Grobbee, Diederick E., Greenough, Anne, Manzoni, Paolo, Papadopoulos, Nikolaos G., Baraldi, Eugenio, Falsey, Ann R, Heikkinen, Terho, Mejías, Asunción, Polack, Fernando P., Sharland, Mike, Ramilo, Octavio, Stein, Renato T, Martinón-Torres, Federico, Sly, Peter D., Nunes, Marta C, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus Network (ReSViNET)

Subjects
Health Policy, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
Abstract

Background Acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRIs) caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are a leading cause of hospitalization in infants. Numerous risk factors have been identified in the aetiology of severe RSV-associated ALRI necessitating hospitalisation, including prematurity and congenital heart disease. Down syndrome (DS), a common genetic disorder associated with congenital and dysmorphic features, has recently been identified as an independent risk factor for RSV-associated ALRI requiring hospitalisation; however, the disease burden of RSV-associated ALRI in this population has not yet been established. Similarly, the impact of DS as an independent risk factor has not yet been quantified. We aimed therefore to estimate the incidence of admissions in children with DS, and by comparing this with unaffected children, to quantify the risk of DS independent of other risk factors. Methods A systematic review of the existing literature published between 1995 and March 1, 2017 was performed to quantify the incidence of hospitalisation due to RSV-associated ALRI in children with DS. Meta-analyses were performed on extracted data using STATA statistical software, and hospitalisation rates for children with and without DS under the age of 2 were calculated. Findings 5 articles were ultimately deemed eligible for analyses. Analyses were limited to children under the age of 2 years. We calculated the hospitalisation rate for children with DS in this age group to be 117.6 per 1000 child-years (95% CI 67.4-205.2), vs a rate of 15.2 per 1000 child-years (95% CI 8.3-27.6) in unaffected children. This indicates DS contributes to a 6.8 (95% CI 5.5-8.4) fold increase in the relative risk of hospitalisation for RSV-associated ALRI. Interpretation Though limited by a small number of articles, this review found sufficient evidence to conclude DS was a significant independent risk factor for the development of severe RSV-associated ALRI requiring hospitalisation. Further studies are needed to define the impact of DS in conjunction with other comorbidities on the risk of severe RSV infection. Determining benefits of immunoprophylaxis or future vaccines against RSV in this at-risk population is warranted.

Published
2017

126. Panel 4 : Report of the Microbiology Panel

Author

Barenkamp, Stephen J., Chonmaitree, Tasnee, Hakansson, Anders P., Heikkinen, Terho, King, Samantha, Nokso-Koivisto, Johanna, Novotny, Laura A., Patel, Janak A., Pettigrew, Melinda, Swords, W. Edward, Korva-, nenä- ja kurkkutautien klinikka, Clinicum, and HUS Head and Neck Center

Subjects
SUBFAMILY 1 PROTEINS, ACUTE OTITIS-MEDIA, microbiology, MORAXELLA-CATARRHALIS LIPOOLIGOSACCHARIDE, MIDDLE-EAR, otitis media, QUORUM-SENSING SYSTEM, IN-VITRO, virology, NONTYPABLE HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE, STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE BIOFILMS, 3125 Otorhinolaryngology, ophthalmology, bacteriology, UPPER RESPIRATORY-TRACT, HUMAN EPITHELIAL-CELLS
Abstract

Objective. To perform a comprehensive review of the literature from July 2011 until June 2015 on the virology and bacteriology of otitis media in children. Data Sources. PubMed database of the National Library of Medicine. Review Methods. Two subpanels comprising experts in the virology and bacteriology of otitis media were created. Each panel reviewed the relevant literature in the fields of virology and bacteriology and generated draft reviews. These initial reviews were distributed to all panel members prior to meeting together at the Post-symposium Research Conference of the 18th International Symposium on Recent Advances in Otitis Media, National Harbor, Maryland, in June 2015. A final draft was created, circulated, and approved by all panel members. Conclusions. Excellent progress has been made in the past 4 years in advancing our understanding of the microbiology of otitis media. Numerous advances were made in basic laboratory studies, in animal models of otitis media, in better understanding the epidemiology of disease, and in clinical practice. Implications for Practice. (1) Many viruses cause acute otitis media without bacterial coinfection, and such cases do not require antibiotic treatment. (2) When respiratory syncytial virus, metapneumovirus, and influenza virus peak in the community, practitioners can expect to see an increase in clinical otitis media cases. (3) Biomarkers that predict which children with upper respiratory tract infections will develop otitis media may be available in the future. (4) Compounds that target newly identified bacterial virulence determinants may be available as future treatment options for children with otitis media.

Published
2017

129. Respiratory syncytial virus seasonality: A global overview

Author

CTI Bont, Child Health, Infection & Immunity, Obando-Pacheco, Pablo, Justicia-Grande, Antonio José, Rivero-Calle, Irene, Rodríguez-Tenreiro, Carmen, Sly, Peter, Ramilo, Octavio, Mejías, Asunción, Baraldi, Eugenio, Papadopoulos, Nikolaos G., Nair, Harish, Nunes, Marta C., Kragten-Tabatabaie, Leyla, Heikkinen, Terho, Greenough, Anne, Stein, Renato T., Manzoni, Paolo, Bont, Louis, Martinón-Torres, Federico, CTI Bont, Child Health, Infection & Immunity, Obando-Pacheco, Pablo, Justicia-Grande, Antonio José, Rivero-Calle, Irene, Rodríguez-Tenreiro, Carmen, Sly, Peter, Ramilo, Octavio, Mejías, Asunción, Baraldi, Eugenio, Papadopoulos, Nikolaos G., Nair, Harish, Nunes, Marta C., Kragten-Tabatabaie, Leyla, Heikkinen, Terho, Greenough, Anne, Stein, Renato T., Manzoni, Paolo, Bont, Louis, and Martinón-Torres, Federico

Published
2018

132. Panel 4: Report of the Microbiology Panel

Author

Barenkamp, Stephen J., primary, Chonmaitree, Tasnee, additional, Hakansson, Anders P., additional, Heikkinen, Terho, additional, King, Samantha, additional, Nokso‐Koivisto, Johanna, additional, Novotny, Laura A., additional, Patel, Janak A., additional, Pettigrew, Melinda, additional, and Swords, W. Edward, additional

Published
2017
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133. Lower respiratory tract infection caused by respiratory syncytial virus : current management and new therapeutics

Author

Mazur, Natalie, Martinon-Torres, Federico, Baraldi, Eugenio, Fauroux, Brigitte, Greenough, Anne, Heikkinen, Terho, Manzoni, Paolo, Mejias, Asuncion, Nair, Harish, Papadopoulos, Nikolaos G., Polack, Fernando P., Ramilo, Octavio, Sharland, Mike, Stein, Renato, Madhi, Shabir A., Bont, Louis, and Collaboration Resp Syncytial

Subjects
RANDOMIZED CLINICAL-TRIAL, FLOW NASAL CANNULA, EARLY-LIFE, MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY, NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY, VIRAL BRONCHIOLITIS, VACCINE CANDIDATE, NEBULIZED HYPERTONIC SALINE, RISK-FACTORS, Journal Article, UNITED-STATES, Review
Abstract

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major worldwide cause of morbidity and mortality in children under five years of age. Evidence-based management guidelines suggest that there is no effective treatment for RSV lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) and that supportive care, ie, hydration and oxygenation, remains the cornerstone of clinical management. However, RSV treatments in development in the past decade indude 10 vaccines and 11 therapeutic agents in active clinical trials. Maternal vaccination is particularly relevant because the most severe disease occurs within the first 6 months of life, when children are unlikely to benefit from active immunisation. We must optimise the implementation of novel RSV therapeutics by understanding the target populations, showing safety, and striving for acceptable pricing in the context of this worldwide health problem. In this Review, we outline the limitations of RSV LRTI management, the drugs in development, and the remaining challenges related to study design, regulatory approval, and implementation.

Published
2015

134. The common cold. (Seminar)

Author

Heikkinen, Terho and Jarvinen, Asko

Subjects
Cold (Disease) -- Care and treatment, Cold (Disease) -- Research, Cold (Disease) -- Economic aspects, Cold (Disease) -- Health aspects
Published
2003

135. Panel 4

Author

University of Helsinki, Korva-, nenä- ja kurkkutautien klinikka, Barenkamp, Stephen J., Chonmaitree, Tasnee, Hakansson, Anders P., Heikkinen, Terho, King, Samantha, Nokso-Koivisto, Johanna, Novotny, Laura A., Patel, Janak A., Pettigrew, Melinda, Swords, W. Edward, University of Helsinki, Korva-, nenä- ja kurkkutautien klinikka, Barenkamp, Stephen J., Chonmaitree, Tasnee, Hakansson, Anders P., Heikkinen, Terho, King, Samantha, Nokso-Koivisto, Johanna, Novotny, Laura A., Patel, Janak A., Pettigrew, Melinda, and Swords, W. Edward

Abstract

Objective. To perform a comprehensive review of the literature from July 2011 until June 2015 on the virology and bacteriology of otitis media in children. Data Sources. PubMed database of the National Library of Medicine. Review Methods. Two subpanels comprising experts in the virology and bacteriology of otitis media were created. Each panel reviewed the relevant literature in the fields of virology and bacteriology and generated draft reviews. These initial reviews were distributed to all panel members prior to meeting together at the Post-symposium Research Conference of the 18th International Symposium on Recent Advances in Otitis Media, National Harbor, Maryland, in June 2015. A final draft was created, circulated, and approved by all panel members. Conclusions. Excellent progress has been made in the past 4 years in advancing our understanding of the microbiology of otitis media. Numerous advances were made in basic laboratory studies, in animal models of otitis media, in better understanding the epidemiology of disease, and in clinical practice. Implications for Practice. (1) Many viruses cause acute otitis media without bacterial coinfection, and such cases do not require antibiotic treatment. (2) When respiratory syncytial virus, metapneumovirus, and influenza virus peak in the community, practitioners can expect to see an increase in clinical otitis media cases. (3) Biomarkers that predict which children with upper respiratory tract infections will develop otitis media may be available in the future. (4) Compounds that target newly identified bacterial virulence determinants may be available as future treatment options for children with otitis media.

Published
2017

136. The burden of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) associated acute lower respiratory infections in children with Down syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

UMC Utrecht, Infectieziekten onderzoek1 (Bont), CTI Bont, Child Health, Infection & Immunity, Cardiovasculaire Epi Team 9, Circulatory Health, JC onderzoeksprogramma Cardiovasculaire Epidemiologie, Chan, Markus, Park, John J., Shi, Ting, Torres, Federico Martinón, Bont, Louis, Nair, Harish, Grobbee, Diederick E., Greenough, Anne, Manzoni, Paolo, Papadopoulos, Nikolaos G., Baraldi, Eugenio, Falsey, Ann R, Heikkinen, Terho, Mejías, Asunción, Polack, Fernando P., Sharland, Mike, Ramilo, Octavio, Stein, Renato T, Martinón-Torres, Federico, Sly, Peter D., Nunes, Marta C, Respiratory Syncytial Virus Network (ReSViNET), UMC Utrecht, Infectieziekten onderzoek1 (Bont), CTI Bont, Child Health, Infection & Immunity, Cardiovasculaire Epi Team 9, Circulatory Health, JC onderzoeksprogramma Cardiovasculaire Epidemiologie, Chan, Markus, Park, John J., Shi, Ting, Torres, Federico Martinón, Bont, Louis, Nair, Harish, Grobbee, Diederick E., Greenough, Anne, Manzoni, Paolo, Papadopoulos, Nikolaos G., Baraldi, Eugenio, Falsey, Ann R, Heikkinen, Terho, Mejías, Asunción, Polack, Fernando P., Sharland, Mike, Ramilo, Octavio, Stein, Renato T, Martinón-Torres, Federico, Sly, Peter D., Nunes, Marta C, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus Network (ReSViNET)

Published
2017

137. Meeting report : Harmonization of RSV therapeutics - from design to performance

Author

Nair, Harish, Ramilo, Octavio, Eichler, Irmgard, Pelfrene, Eric, Mejias, Asuncion, Polack, Fernando P., Pouwels, Koen B., Langley, Joanne M., Nunes, Marta, van der Maas, Nicoline, Kragten-Tabatabaie, Leyla, Baraldi, Eugenio, Heikkinen, Terho, Fauroux, Brigitte, Sharland, Mike, Park, Cyrus, Manzoni, Paolo, Papadopoulos, Nikolaos G., Martinón-Torres, Federico, Stein, Renato, Bont, Louis, Nair, Harish, Ramilo, Octavio, Eichler, Irmgard, Pelfrene, Eric, Mejias, Asuncion, Polack, Fernando P., Pouwels, Koen B., Langley, Joanne M., Nunes, Marta, van der Maas, Nicoline, Kragten-Tabatabaie, Leyla, Baraldi, Eugenio, Heikkinen, Terho, Fauroux, Brigitte, Sharland, Mike, Park, Cyrus, Manzoni, Paolo, Papadopoulos, Nikolaos G., Martinón-Torres, Federico, Stein, Renato, and Bont, Louis

Published
2016

138. Meeting report: Harmonization of RSV therapeutics - from design to performance

Author

UMC Utrecht, CTI Bont, Child Health, Infection & Immunity, Infectieziekten onderzoek1 (Bont), Nair, Harish, Ramilo, Octavio, Eichler, Irmgard, Pelfrene, Eric, Mejias, Asuncion, Polack, Fernando P., Pouwels, Koen B., Langley, Joanne M., Nunes, Marta, van der Maas, Nicoline, Kragten-Tabatabaie, Leyla, Baraldi, Eugenio, Heikkinen, Terho, Fauroux, Brigitte, Sharland, Mike, Park, Cyrus, Manzoni, Paolo, Papadopoulos, Nikolaos G., Martinón-Torres, Federico, Stein, Renato, Bont, Louis, UMC Utrecht, CTI Bont, Child Health, Infection & Immunity, Infectieziekten onderzoek1 (Bont), Nair, Harish, Ramilo, Octavio, Eichler, Irmgard, Pelfrene, Eric, Mejias, Asuncion, Polack, Fernando P., Pouwels, Koen B., Langley, Joanne M., Nunes, Marta, van der Maas, Nicoline, Kragten-Tabatabaie, Leyla, Baraldi, Eugenio, Heikkinen, Terho, Fauroux, Brigitte, Sharland, Mike, Park, Cyrus, Manzoni, Paolo, Papadopoulos, Nikolaos G., Martinón-Torres, Federico, Stein, Renato, and Bont, Louis

Published
2016

142. Lower respiratory tract infection caused by respiratory syncytial virus: current management and new therapeutics

Author

Arts-assistenten Kinderen, Infection & Immunity, Infectieziekten onderzoek1 (Bont), Child Health, CTI Bont, Mazur, Natalie, Martinon-Torres, Federico, Baraldi, Eugenio, Fauroux, Brigitte, Greenough, Anne, Heikkinen, Terho, Manzoni, Paolo, Mejias, Asuncion, Nair, Harish, Papadopoulos, Nikolaos G., Polack, Fernando P., Ramilo, Octavio, Sharland, Mike, Stein, Renato, Madhi, Shabir A., Bont, Louis, Collaboration Resp Syncytial, Arts-assistenten Kinderen, Infection & Immunity, Infectieziekten onderzoek1 (Bont), Child Health, CTI Bont, Mazur, Natalie, Martinon-Torres, Federico, Baraldi, Eugenio, Fauroux, Brigitte, Greenough, Anne, Heikkinen, Terho, Manzoni, Paolo, Mejias, Asuncion, Nair, Harish, Papadopoulos, Nikolaos G., Polack, Fernando P., Ramilo, Octavio, Sharland, Mike, Stein, Renato, Madhi, Shabir A., Bont, Louis, and Collaboration Resp Syncytial

Published
2015

144. Influenza vaccines in healthy children

Author

Isaacs, David, McIntyre, Peter, Heikkinen, Terho, Ruuskanen, Olli, Jefferson, T., Smith, S., Demicheli, V., Harnden, A., and Rivetti, A.

Subjects
Children -- Health aspects, Influenza -- Drug therapy, Influenza vaccines -- Dosage and administration
Published
2005

145. RSV—Still More Questions Than Answers

Author

Bont, Louis, primary, Baraldi, Eugenio, additional, Fauroux, Brigitte, additional, Greenough, Anne, additional, Heikkinen, Terho, additional, Manzoni, Paolo, additional, Martinón-Torres, Federico, additional, Nair, Harish, additional, and Papadopoulos, Nikolaos G., additional

Published
2014
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147. Respiratory viruses and acute otitis media

Author

Pitkaranta, Anne, Hayden, Frederick G., Damoiseaux, Roger A.M.J., Balen, Frank A.M. van, Verheij, Theo J.M., Heikkinen, Terho, and Chonmaitree, Tasnee

Subjects
Otitis media -- Causes of, Respiratory tract infections -- Complications
Published
1999

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