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101. Ostracoda

Author

Holmes, Jonathan A., Smol, John P., editor, Birks, H. John B., editor, and Last, William M., editor

Published
2001
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102. Is amblyopia only bad vision ?

Author

UCL - SSS/IONS/NEUR - Clinical Neuroscience, UCL - Faculté de médecine et médecine dentaire, Yüksel, Demet, Legrain, Valéry, Lefèvre, Philippe, Rossion, Bruno, Holmes, Jonathan M., Ivanoiu, Adrian, Optican, Lance M., Hemptinne, Coralie, UCL - SSS/IONS/NEUR - Clinical Neuroscience, UCL - Faculté de médecine et médecine dentaire, Yüksel, Demet, Legrain, Valéry, Lefèvre, Philippe, Rossion, Bruno, Holmes, Jonathan M., Ivanoiu, Adrian, Optican, Lance M., and Hemptinne, Coralie

Abstract

Amblyopia results from an abnormal binocular interaction, in the context of strabismus or uncorrected refractive errors, or from visual deprivation. Screening is important during pre-school years in order to start treatment while cerebral plasticity is optimal. Screening practices vary a lot between developed countries, with consequences on public health policies. Screening is based on the measure of visual acuity in young children. The technique of sweep visual evoked potentials allows an objective measure of visual acuity, without requiring participants to name optotypes, which is useful in pre-verbal children. Along with decreased visual acuity, amblyopia is associated with an absence of improvement with age of the characteristics of saccades. With respect to motor skills, altered binocular vision affects catching skills and balance. A better understanding of these deficits will allow for better treatment of amblyopia, which is the first cause of monocular vision loss in children., (MED - Sciences médicales) -- UCL, 2022

Published
2022

107. Vascular Risk Factors in Isolated Microvascular Ischemic Third Nerve Palsy: A Population-Based Study.

Author

Zhao, Bingying, Bhatti, M. Tariq, Fang, Chengbo, Hodge, David O., Holmes, Jonathan M., Mohney, Brian G., and Chen, John J.

Abstract

Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. Background: Although presumed microvascular third nerve palsies (TNP) have been associated with vascular risk factors and/or stroke, these associations have not been explored in a population-based cohort. The purpose of this population-based case–control study was to determine whether these factors are associated with TNPs that had been classified as isolated microvascular ischemic events and determine future risk of mortality. Methods: Participants were subjects >18 years old with new onset of isolated TNP attributed to presumed microvascular ischemia (n = 55) while residing in Olmsted County, Minnesota, from January 1, 1978 to December 31, 2014. Control subjects (n = 55) were randomly selected from the same population and matched for gender, age, and length of medical follow-up. We identified all cases of new-onset isolated presumed microvascular ischemic TNP using the Rochester Epidemiology Project, a record-linkage system of medical records for all patient–physician encounters in Olmsted County, Minnesota. All medical records of cases and controls were reviewed for potential risk factors, including diabetes mellitus, diabetic retinopathy, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, smoking, and symptomatic ischemic stroke. Multivariable and univariate logistic regression analyses were used to compare the prevalence of potential risk factors between microvascular ischemic cases and controls according to the number of subjects, and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Kaplan–Meier curves were used to compare mortality between cases and controls. Results: The annual incidence of microvascular ischemic TNP was 1.7 per 100,000. Univariate analysis demonstrated that hypertension (P < 0.001; OR, 4.80; 95% CI, 2.11–11.58), diabetes mellitus (P < 0.001; OR, 6.55; 95% CI, 2.72–17.32), diabetic retinopathy (P = 0.014; OR, 13.50; 95% CI, 2.48–251.55), coronary artery disease (P = 0.047; OR, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.02–5.18), and symptomatic ischemic stroke (P = 0.039; OR, 3.56; 95% CI, 1.07–11.85) all occurred more frequently in patients with microvascular ischemic TNP than controls. In multivariate analysis, only hypertension (OR of 4.14, 95% CI, 1.61–10.65, P < 0.001) and diabetes (OR of 4.12, 95% CI, 1.43–11.92, P = 0.003) remained independently statistically significant. There was numerically higher mortality in microvascular cases than in controls, but it did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: There are multiple cardiovascular diseases that are associated with isolated microvascular ischemic TNP, including hypertension, coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, diabetic retinopathy, and symptomatic ischemic stroke. Given that the main drivers of this association seem to be diabetes and hypertension, patients with microvascular ischemic TNP should be evaluated for these conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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115. Applying normal PedEyeQ thresholds to assess eye-related quality of life among children with strabismus

Author

Hatt, Sarah R., Leske, David A., Wernimont, Suzanne M., Bothun, Erick D, Birch, Eileen E., and Holmes, Jonathan M.

Subjects
Strabismus, Surveys and Questionnaires, Quality of Life, Visual Acuity, Humans, Child, Article, Vision, Ocular
Abstract

PURPOSE: To determine proportions of children with strabismus with below-normal Pediatric Eye Questionnaire (PedEyeQ) scores. METHODS: 98 children with strabismus (70 aged 5–11 years; 28 aged 12–17 years) were evaluated. Children completed the Child 5–11 or 12–17 PedEyeQ (Functional Vision, Bothered by Eyes/vision, Social, and Frustration/worry domains). Parents completed the Proxy (same domains plus Eye Care) and Parent PedEyeQ (Impact on Parent and Family, Worry about Child’s Eye Condition, Worry about Child’s Self-perception and Interactions, and Worry about Functional Vision domains). Previously published normal (5(th) percentile) thresholds were applied to calculate proportions with below-normal scores for each domain. RESULTS: For the Child PedEyeQ more than 20% of 5- to 11-year-olds scored below normal, on all but the Social domain whereas more than 50% of 12- to 17-year-olds scored below normal on all domains. On the Proxy PedEyeQ more than 50% scored below normal on all domains when parents reported on 5- to 11-year-olds and 12- to 17-year-olds. For the Parent PedEyeQ, more than 50% of parents of both 5- to 11-year-olds and 12- to 17-year-olds scored below normal on all domains. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of children with strabismus have below-normal PedEyeQ scores, particularly children aged 12–17 years.

Published
2022

118. A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial of Base-in Relieving Prism Spectacle Treatment of Intermittent Exotropia

Author

Summers, Allison I., Morrison, David G., Chandler, Danielle L., Henderson, Robert J., Chen, Angela M., Leske, David A., Walker, Kimberly R., Li, Zhuokai, Melia, B. Michele, Bitner, Derek P., Kurup, Sudhi P., Allen, Megan, Phillips, Paul H., Nash, David L., Grigorian, Adriana P., Kraus, Courtney L., Miller, Aaron M., Titelbaum, Jenna R., Kraker, Raymond T., Holmes, Jonathan M., and Cotter, Susan A.

Published
2023
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134. A Randomized Trial of Binocular Dig Rush Game Treatment for Amblyopia in Children Aged 4 to 6 Years of Age

Author

Manny, Ruth E., primary, Holmes, Jonathan M., additional, Kraker, Raymond T., additional, Li, Zhuokai, additional, Waters, Amy L., additional, Kelly, Krista R., additional, Kong, Lingkun, additional, Crouch, Earl R., additional, Lorenzana, Ingryd J., additional, Alkharashi, Maan S., additional, Galvin, Jennifer A., additional, Rice, Melissa L., additional, Melia, B. Michele, additional, and Cotter, Susan A., additional

Published
2022
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138. A terrestrial record of climate variation during MIS 11 through multiproxy palaeotemperature reconstructions from Hoxne, UK.

Author

Horne, David J., Ashton, Nick, Benardout, Ginny, Brooks, Stephen J., Coope, G. Russell, Holmes, Jonathan A., Lewis, Simon G., Parfitt, Simon A., White, Tom S., Whitehouse, Nicki J., and Whittaker, John E.

Subjects
CLIMATE change, INTERGLACIALS, ATMOSPHERIC temperature, CARBON isotopes, PLANT indicators, WINTER
Abstract

A terrestrial (lacustrine and fluvial) palaeoclimate record from Hoxne (Suffolk, UK) shows two temperate phases separated by a cold episode, correlated with MIS 11 subdivisions corresponding to isotopic events 11.3 (Hoxnian interglacial period), 11.24 (Stratum C cold interval), and 11.23 (warm interval with evidence of human presence). A robust, reproducible multiproxy consensus approach validates and combines quantitative palaeotemperature reconstructions from three invertebrate groups (beetles, chironomids, and ostracods) and plant indicator taxa with qualitative implications of molluscs and small vertebrates. Compared with the present, interglacial mean monthly air temperatures were similar or up to 4.0°C higher in summer, but similar or as much as 3.0°C lower in winter; the Stratum C cold interval, following prolonged nondeposition or erosion of the lake bed, experienced summers 2.5°C cooler and winters between 5°C and 10°C cooler than at present. Possible reworking of fossils into Stratum C from underlying interglacial assemblages is taken into account. Oxygen and carbon isotopes from ostracod shells indicate evaporatively enriched lake water during Stratum C deposition. Comparative evaluation shows that proxy-based palaeoclimate reconstruction methods are best tested against each other and, if validated, can be used to generate more refined and robust results through multiproxy consensus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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