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Examined how applicability of activated cultural knowledge would moderate cultural priming effects. Research with Chinese undergraduate students who had extensive knowledge of Chinese and western culture, and with Chinese-born students at an American university, indicated that seeing American versus Chinese cultural primes affected perception of stimuli featuring salient individual versus group agency. American cultural primes elicited fewer attributions to the group in the high-salience versus low-salience condition. (SM)

This approach to culture and cognition highlights dynamics through which cultural knowledge becomes operative in guiding the construction of meaning from a stimulus. Cognitive priming experiments simulated how bicultural people switch between cultural frames in response to culturally laden symbols. Results illuminate how cultural constructs are potent drivers of behavior and how bicultural people control the cognitive effects of culture. (SM)

Extant research has portrayed the effect of prior entrepreneurial experience as one that manifests uniformly across contexts. Drawing on the person-by-situation perspective, we elaborated how prior entrepreneurial experience could manifest differentially across contexts. Results from our lab experiment indicated that prior entrepreneurial experience brought an advantage in avoiding being overly "captivated" by a situationally salient role identity and missing the main goal of developing something that is both novel and commercially viable. Our research also examined the "role identity advantage" by demonstrating that compared to novice entrepreneurs, experienced entrepreneurs can better manage tensions between their chronic and situationally salient identities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although bribery has unethical connotations, it can be considered as an instrumental behavioural strategy to achieve goals. Because individuals with high residential mobility often focus more on self‐interest to adapt to the changing environment, we hypothesise that residential mobility will increase intention to bribe to achieve one's goals. We measured actual residential mobility in a self‐reported survey (pilot study) and manipulated it using experiments (Experiments 1–3). We measured intention to bribe using hypothetical scenarios (pilot study, Experiments 1 & 2) and captured actual bribe‐giving using a behavioural game (Experiment 3). We consistently found that residential mobility was positively associated with bribe‐giving intention and actual bribery. This effect was mediated by concern for self‐interest when bribe‐giving was perceived as means to influence the outcome. Implications for research on bribery, residential mobility, and moral behaviours are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To authenticate to the full-text of this article, please visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2009.00585.x Byline: Walter Mischel (1), Rodolfo Mendoza-Denton (2), Ying-yi Hong (3) Abstract: ABSTRACT The original CAPS formulation focused on the role of the individual's CAPS system in relation to situations, formalizing a person-situation framework. Subsequent research and theorizing on the culturally embedded CAPS system (C-CAPS) began to spell out how culture, context, and group-level processes intersect with both persons and situations. The contributions in this special section provide insights into the enormous complexity and the multiple layers through which context and persons 'make each other up' in racial/ethnic relations. The challenge for personality psychologists is to examine and illuminate this interpenetration of context and person concretely and with increasing depth and precision. The CAPS framework provides a meta-level guide for this mission, and the present contributions illustrate the framework's heuristic value. Author Affiliation: (1)Columbia University (2)University of California, Berkeley (3)Nanyang Technological University, Singapore/University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Article note: Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Walter Mischel, Department of Psychology, 401A Schermerhorn Hall, Mail Code: 5501, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027-6902. E-mail: wm@psych.columbia.edu.

To authenticate to the full-text of this article, please visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2009.00582.x Byline: Ying-yi Hong (1), Melody Manchi Chao (2), Sun No (3) Abstract: ABSTRACT This paper explores how the lay theory approach provides a framework beyond previous stereotype/prejudice research to understand dynamic personality processes in interracial/ethnic contexts. The authors conceptualize theory of race within the Cognitive-Affective Personality System (CAPS), in which lay people's beliefs regarding the essential nature of race sets up a mind-set through which individuals construe and interpret their social experiences. The research findings illustrate that endorsement of the essentialist theory (i.e., that race reflects deep-seated, inalterable essence and is indicative of traits and ability) versus the social constructionist theory (i.e., that race is socially constructed, malleable, and arbitrary) are associated with different encoding and representation of social information, which in turn affect feelings, motivation, and competence in navigating between racial and cultural boundaries. These findings shed light on dynamic interracial/intercultural processes. Relations of this approach to CAPS are discussed. Author Affiliation: (1)Nanyang Technological University, Singapore/University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (2)University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (3)Macalester College Article note: Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Ying-yi Hong, Nanyang Business School, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798. E-mail: yyhong@ntu.edu.sg.

Techniques for distributed generations (DGs) have attracted increasing attention due to considerations of environmental sustainability. Wind farms are one of the DGs, and they have intermittent characteristics. This paper presents a method using wind generator voltages, static compensators, and transformer taps as controllers to regulate the voltage profile for operation planning in a distribution system. Wind power generations and bus loads are modeled with random variables. Through gray-based genetic algorithms (GAs), the MW loss in the system is minimized and the operational constraints are fulfilled. Moreover, this paper uses the cumulant method to calculate the bus voltage fluctuation by using the algebraic addition and multiplication to avoid convolution. The probability density function of the voltage fluctuation can be further expressed by the Gram--Charlier series expansion. Applicability of the proposed method is verified through simulation by using a 17-bus system and an autonomous 24-bus (Penghu) system. Index Terms--Cumulant, genetic algorithm (GA), gray code, reactive power control, wind farm.

The COVID‐19 pandemic is an unprecedented public health crisis that poses a challenge to humanity. Drawing on the stress and coping literature, we argue that people around the world alleviate their anxiety and stress induced by the pandemic through both prosocial and 'self‐interested' hoarding behaviours. This cross‐cultural survey study examined the pushing (threat perception) and pulling (moral identity) factors that predicted prosocial acts and hoarding, and subsequently psychological well‐being. Data were collected from 9 April to 14 May 2020 from 251 participants in the United Kingdom (UK), 268 in the United States (US), 197 in Germany (DE), and 200 in Hong Kong (HK). Whereas threat perception was associated positively with both prosocial acts and hoarding, benevolent moral identity was associated positively with the former but not the latter behaviour. We also observed cross‐cultural differences, such that both effects were stronger in more individualistic (UK, US) countries than less individualistic (HK, DE) ones. The findings shed light on the prosocial vs. self‐interested behavioural responses of people in different cultures towards the same pandemic crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]